Record Information |
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Version | 5.0 |
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Status | Detected and Quantified |
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Creation Date | 2005-11-16 15:48:42 UTC |
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Update Date | 2023-05-30 20:56:02 UTC |
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HMDB ID | HMDB0000020 |
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Secondary Accession Numbers | |
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Metabolite Identification |
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Common Name | p-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid |
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Description | p-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid, also known as 4-hydroxybenzeneacetate, is classified as a member of the 1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoids. 1-Hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoids are phenols that are unsubstituted at the 2-position. p-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid is considered to be slightly soluble (in water) and acidic. p-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid can be synthesized from acetic acid. It is also a parent compound for other transformation products, including but not limited to, methyl 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetate, ixerochinolide, and lactucopicrin 15-oxalate. p-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid can be found in numerous foods such as olives, cocoa beans, oats, and mushrooms. p-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid can be found throughout all human tissues and in all biofluids. Within a cell, p-hydroxyphenylacetic acid is primarily located in the cytoplasm and in the extracellular space. p-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid is also a microbial metabolite produced by Acinetobacter, Clostridium, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas, and Proteus. Higher levels of this metabolite are associated with an overgrowth of small intestinal bacteria from Clostridia species including C. difficile, C. stricklandii, C. lituseburense, C. subterminale, C. putrefaciens, and C. propionicum (PMID: 476929 , 12173102 ). p-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid is detected after the consumption of whole grain. |
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Structure | InChI=1S/C8H8O3/c9-7-3-1-6(2-4-7)5-8(10)11/h1-4,9H,5H2,(H,10,11) |
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Synonyms | Value | Source |
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(p-Hydroxyphenyl)acetic acid | ChEBI | 4-Carboxymethylphenol | ChEBI | 4-Hydroxybenzeneacetic acid | ChEBI | 4-Hydroxyphenylacetate | ChEBI | 4-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid | Kegg | (p-Hydroxyphenyl)acetate | Generator | 4-Hydroxybenzeneacetate | Generator | p-Hydroxyphenylacetate | Generator | (4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-acetate | HMDB | (4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-acetic acid | HMDB | (4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-essigsaeure | HMDB | (4-Hydroxyphenyl)acetate | HMDB | (4-Hydroxyphenyl)acetic acid | HMDB | (p-Hydroxyphenyl)-acetate | HMDB | (p-Hydroxyphenyl)-acetic acid | HMDB | 4-Hydroxy-benzeneacetate | HMDB | 4-Hydroxy-benzeneacetic acid | HMDB | 4-Hydroxyphenyl-acetic acid | HMDB | Parahydroxy phenylacetate | HMDB | Parahydroxy phenylacetic acid | HMDB | Parahydroxyphenylacetate | HMDB | Para-hydroxyphenylacetic acid | HMDB | p-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid | ChEBI | 4'-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid | HMDB | 2-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)acetic acid | HMDB |
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Chemical Formula | C8H8O3 |
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Average Molecular Weight | 152.1473 |
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Monoisotopic Molecular Weight | 152.047344122 |
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IUPAC Name | 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetic acid |
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Traditional Name | 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid |
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CAS Registry Number | 156-38-7 |
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SMILES | OC(=O)CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 |
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InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C8H8O3/c9-7-3-1-6(2-4-7)5-8(10)11/h1-4,9H,5H2,(H,10,11) |
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InChI Key | XQXPVVBIMDBYFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
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Chemical Taxonomy |
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Description | Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as 1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoids. These are phenols that are unsubstituted at the 2-position. |
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Kingdom | Organic compounds |
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Super Class | Benzenoids |
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Class | Phenols |
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Sub Class | 1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoids |
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Direct Parent | 1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoids |
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Alternative Parents | |
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Substituents | - 1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoid
- Monocyclic benzene moiety
- Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
- Carboxylic acid
- Carboxylic acid derivative
- Organic oxygen compound
- Organic oxide
- Hydrocarbon derivative
- Organooxygen compound
- Carbonyl group
- Aromatic homomonocyclic compound
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Molecular Framework | Aromatic homomonocyclic compounds |
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External Descriptors | |
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Ontology |
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Physiological effect | |
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Disposition | |
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Process | |
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Role | |
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Physical Properties |
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State | Solid |
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Experimental Molecular Properties | Property | Value | Reference |
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Melting Point | 148 - 150 °C | Not Available | Boiling Point | Not Available | Not Available | Water Solubility | 60.7 mg/mL | Not Available | LogP | 0.75 | HANSCH,C ET AL. (1995) |
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Experimental Chromatographic Properties | Experimental Collision Cross Sections |
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Predicted Molecular Properties | |
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Predicted Chromatographic Properties | Predicted Collision Cross SectionsPredicted Kovats Retention IndicesUnderivatizedDerivatizedDerivative Name / Structure | SMILES | Kovats RI Value | Column Type | Reference |
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p-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid,1TMS,isomer #1 | C[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 | 1651.6 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | p-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid,1TMS,isomer #2 | C[Si](C)(C)OC1=CC=C(CC(=O)O)C=C1 | 1617.9 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | p-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid,2TMS,isomer #1 | C[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)CC1=CC=C(O[Si](C)(C)C)C=C1 | 1655.2 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | p-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid,1TBDMS,isomer #1 | CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 | 1892.4 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | p-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid,1TBDMS,isomer #2 | CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC1=CC=C(CC(=O)O)C=C1 | 1875.1 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | p-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid,2TBDMS,isomer #1 | CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)CC1=CC=C(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C=C1 | 2117.3 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 |
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Spectra |
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| GC-MS SpectraSpectrum Type | Description | Splash Key | Deposition Date | Source | View |
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Experimental GC-MS | GC-MS Spectrum - p-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (2 TMS) | splash10-01ta-1930000000-57c9e8ddaa10569055aa | 2014-06-16 | HMDB team, MONA, MassBank | View Spectrum | Experimental GC-MS | GC-MS Spectrum - p-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (2 TMS) | splash10-0h01-0940000000-a14203384331e709252f | 2014-06-16 | HMDB team, MONA, MassBank | View Spectrum | Experimental GC-MS | GC-MS Spectrum - p-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (Non-derivatized) | splash10-03fs-1930000000-80c21819072fb01958dc | 2014-06-16 | HMDB team, MONA, MassBank | View Spectrum | Experimental GC-MS | GC-MS Spectrum - p-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (2 TMS) | splash10-00di-9410000000-678591f03aba45c2a6ae | 2014-06-16 | HMDB team, MONA, MassBank | View Spectrum | Experimental GC-MS | GC-MS Spectrum - p-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid GC-MS (2 TMS) | splash10-0h0r-2940000000-760b6c506072a61059c0 | 2014-06-16 | HMDB team, MONA, MassBank | View Spectrum | Experimental GC-MS | GC-MS Spectrum - p-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid EI-B (Non-derivatized) | splash10-0a4i-2900000000-3939c62b0d7f649ff402 | 2017-09-12 | HMDB team, MONA, MassBank | View Spectrum | Experimental GC-MS | GC-MS Spectrum - p-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid EI-B (Non-derivatized) | splash10-0a4i-6900000000-fdb73325a31c758496e9 | 2017-09-12 | HMDB team, MONA, MassBank | View Spectrum | Experimental GC-MS | GC-MS Spectrum - p-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid EI-B (Non-derivatized) | splash10-0gyk-0980000000-ed36f36969e4d51b9a8d | 2017-09-12 | HMDB team, MONA, MassBank | View Spectrum | Experimental GC-MS | GC-MS Spectrum - p-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized) | splash10-01ta-1930000000-57c9e8ddaa10569055aa | 2017-09-12 | HMDB team, MONA, MassBank | View Spectrum | Experimental GC-MS | GC-MS Spectrum - p-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized) | splash10-0h01-0940000000-a14203384331e709252f | 2017-09-12 | HMDB team, MONA, MassBank | View Spectrum | Experimental GC-MS | GC-MS Spectrum - p-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized) | splash10-03fs-1930000000-80c21819072fb01958dc | 2017-09-12 | HMDB team, MONA, MassBank | View Spectrum | Experimental GC-MS | GC-MS Spectrum - p-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized) | splash10-00di-9410000000-678591f03aba45c2a6ae | 2017-09-12 | HMDB team, MONA, MassBank | View Spectrum | Experimental GC-MS | GC-MS Spectrum - p-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid GC-MS (Non-derivatized) | splash10-0h0r-2940000000-760b6c506072a61059c0 | 2017-09-12 | HMDB team, MONA, MassBank | View Spectrum | Experimental GC-MS | GC-MS Spectrum - p-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized) | splash10-03fs-1931100000-50456fed0c5ef95ecb57 | 2017-09-12 | HMDB team, MONA, MassBank | View Spectrum | Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - p-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive | splash10-0a4i-4900000000-b6f6363476ffa290862f | 2016-09-22 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - p-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid GC-MS (2 TMS) - 70eV, Positive | splash10-004i-5930000000-abf5245dd22d012d04f8 | 2017-10-06 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - p-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | 2021-10-12 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - p-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid GC-MS (TMS_1_1) - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | 2021-11-05 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - p-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid GC-MS (TMS_1_2) - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | 2021-11-05 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - p-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid GC-MS (TBDMS_1_1) - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | 2021-11-05 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - p-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid GC-MS (TBDMS_1_2) - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | 2021-11-05 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - p-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid GC-MS (TBDMS_2_1) - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | 2021-11-05 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | MS | Mass Spectrum (Electron Ionization) | splash10-0a4i-3900000000-3be1d4a7c16ea7a3eee1 | 2014-09-20 | Not Available | View Spectrum |
MS/MS SpectraSpectrum Type | Description | Splash Key | Deposition Date | Source | View |
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Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - p-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid Quattro_QQQ 10V, Negative-QTOF (Annotated) | splash10-0pb9-0900000000-e3dfb4b180d858b3a854 | 2012-07-24 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - p-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid Quattro_QQQ 25V, Negative-QTOF (Annotated) | splash10-056r-9400000000-9a6cb39e019a0b40a666 | 2012-07-24 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - p-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid Quattro_QQQ 40V, Negative-QTOF (Annotated) | splash10-0kdl-9400000000-35ecc22161defddc7b21 | 2012-07-24 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - p-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid EI-B (HITACHI M-68) , Positive-QTOF | splash10-0a4i-2900000000-3939c62b0d7f649ff402 | 2012-08-31 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - p-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid EI-B (HITACHI M-52) , Positive-QTOF | splash10-0a4i-6900000000-fdb73325a31c758496e9 | 2012-08-31 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - p-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 10V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-0zfr-0900000000-369a695f2c7bcf3a4a5c | 2012-08-31 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - p-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 20V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-0a4i-4900000000-88da569804a98e1a99ea | 2012-08-31 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - p-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 30V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-0a4i-9300000000-eef23e2f30d876f4a1f9 | 2012-08-31 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - p-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 40V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-0a4i-9000000000-0a95379b7cea57386b0b | 2012-08-31 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - p-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 50V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-0a4i-9000000000-dd0a48d9d6528f6a0a6a | 2012-08-31 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - p-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid LC-ESI-QQ , negative-QTOF | splash10-0zfr-0900000000-369a695f2c7bcf3a4a5c | 2017-09-14 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - p-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid LC-ESI-QQ , negative-QTOF | splash10-0a4i-4900000000-88da569804a98e1a99ea | 2017-09-14 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - p-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid LC-ESI-QQ , negative-QTOF | splash10-0a4i-9300000000-eef23e2f30d876f4a1f9 | 2017-09-14 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - p-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid LC-ESI-QQ , negative-QTOF | splash10-0a4i-9000000000-0a95379b7cea57386b0b | 2017-09-14 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - p-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid LC-ESI-QQ , negative-QTOF | splash10-0a4i-9000000000-dd0a48d9d6528f6a0a6a | 2017-09-14 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - p-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid Linear Ion Trap , negative-QTOF | splash10-0a4i-0900000000-02cd23fa5ff37594d2be | 2017-09-14 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - p-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid Linear Ion Trap , negative-QTOF | splash10-0a4i-0900000000-bbac468eb7ce6ea99123 | 2017-09-14 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - p-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid Linear Ion Trap , positive-QTOF | splash10-0a4i-1900000000-05d18e7bb4163e35e2aa | 2017-09-14 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - p-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid Linear Ion Trap , positive-QTOF | splash10-0a4i-1900000000-9a0086561d6f8a169670 | 2017-09-14 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - p-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid 10V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0udr-0900000000-398dff08b5b2a56e658c | 2016-09-12 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - p-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid 20V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0a4i-0900000000-5f75ea6de2d6bad624d8 | 2016-09-12 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - p-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid 40V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0a6r-9700000000-68d0f4a3b2f7ccfcc2a4 | 2016-09-12 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - p-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid 10V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-0zfr-0900000000-7ce02fea5a9ef38024f2 | 2016-09-12 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - p-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid 20V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-0zfr-0900000000-12e388b0927ed1c6e166 | 2016-09-12 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - p-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid 40V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-0a59-2900000000-ae1870eee4853c57a447 | 2016-09-12 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum |
NMR SpectraSpectrum Type | Description | Deposition Date | Source | View |
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Experimental 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, H2O, experimental) | 2012-12-04 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-29 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-29 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-29 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-29 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-29 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-29 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-29 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-29 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-29 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-29 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-29 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-29 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-29 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-29 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-29 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-29 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-29 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-29 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-29 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-29 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Experimental 2D NMR | [1H, 13C]-HSQC NMR Spectrum (2D, 400 MHz, H2O, experimental) | 2012-12-04 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum |
IR SpectraSpectrum Type | Description | Deposition Date | Source | View |
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Predicted IR Spectrum | IR Ion Spectrum (Predicted IRIS Spectrum, Adduct: [M-H]-) | 2023-02-03 | FELIX lab | View Spectrum | Predicted IR Spectrum | IR Ion Spectrum (Predicted IRIS Spectrum, Adduct: [M+H]+) | 2023-02-03 | FELIX lab | View Spectrum | Predicted IR Spectrum | IR Ion Spectrum (Predicted IRIS Spectrum, Adduct: [M+Na]+) | 2023-02-03 | FELIX lab | View Spectrum |
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Biological Properties |
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Cellular Locations | |
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Biospecimen Locations | - Blood
- Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
- Feces
- Saliva
- Urine
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Tissue Locations | - Bladder
- Epidermis
- Kidney
- Prostate
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Pathways | |
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Normal Concentrations |
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Blood | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 6.346 +/- 0.518 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Male | Normal | | details | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 6.695 +/- 0.555 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Male | Normal | | details | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 6.387 +/- 0.586 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Male | Normal | | details | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 7.911 +/- 1 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Male | Normal | | details | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 6.5 +/- 0.432 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Male | Normal | | details | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 6.661 +/- 0.692 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Male | Normal | | details | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 5.791 +/- 0.609 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Male | Normal | | details | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 42.412 +/- 35.919 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Male | Normal | | details | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 0.230 (0.070-0.390) uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) | Detected and Quantified | 0.05 +/- 0.007 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Not Specified | Normal | | details | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Male | Normal | | details | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Male | Normal | | details | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | Feces | Detected and Quantified | 23.530 +/- 21.821 nmol/g wet feces | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Not Specified | Normal | | details | Feces | Detected and Quantified | 26.882 +/- 32.797 nmol/g wet feces | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | Feces | Detected and Quantified | 31.0226 +/- 50.0830 nmol/g wet feces | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | Feces | Detected and Quantified | 63.228 +/- 88.730 nmol/g wet feces | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Not Specified | Not Specified | Normal | | details | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Infant (0-1 year old) | Not Available | Normal | | details | Feces | Detected and Quantified | 21.821 +/- 8.939 nmol/g wet feces | Not Specified | Not Specified | Normal | | details | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | Feces | Detected and Quantified | 3.714 (0.513-31.226) nmol/g wet feces | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | Feces | Detected and Quantified | 57.181 +/- 44.0363 nmol/g wet feces | Not Specified | Not Specified | Normal | | details | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Not Specified | Not Specified | Normal | | details | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Infant (0-1 year old) | Not Specified | Normal | | details | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Infant (0-1 year old) | Not Specified | Normal | | details | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | Saliva | Detected and Quantified | 8.18 +/- 11.0 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Male | Normal | | details | Saliva | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Male | Normal | | details | Saliva | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Male | Normal | | details | Saliva | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Male | Normal | | details | Saliva | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Male | Normal | | details | Saliva | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Male | Normal | | details | Saliva | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Male | Normal | | details | Saliva | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Male | Normal | | details | Saliva | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Male | Normal | | details | Saliva | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Male | Normal | | details | Saliva | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Male | Normal | | details | Saliva | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Male | Normal | | details | Saliva | Detected and Quantified | 7.0 (2.0-10.0) uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | Saliva | Detected and Quantified | 2.70 +/- 4.48 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Female | Normal | | details | Saliva | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Not Specified | Normal | | details | Saliva | Detected and Quantified | 25.11 +/- 14.59 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | Urine | Detected and Quantified | 6.0 (2.4-9.7) umol/mmol creatinine | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | Urine | Detected and Quantified | 25.268 +/- 17.653 umol/mmol creatinine | Children (1 - 13 years old) | Not Specified | Normal | | details | Urine | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | Urine | Detected and Quantified | 5.8-12 umol/mmol creatinine | Adult (>18 years old) | Female | Normal | | details | Urine | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | Urine | Detected and Quantified | <185.774 umol/mmol creatinine | Infant (0-1 year old) | Male | Normal | | details | Urine | Detected and Quantified | 44.586 +/- 28.981 umol/mmol creatinine | Infant (0-1 year old) | Both | Normal | | details | Urine | Detected and Quantified | 56.475 +/- 36.412 umol/mmol creatinine | Infant (0-1 year old) | Both | Normal | | details | Urine | Detected and Quantified | 69.108 +/- 70.594 umol/mmol creatinine | Infant (0-1 year old) | Both | Normal | | details | Urine | Detected and Quantified | 5.5 (1.4-14.6) umol/mmol creatinine | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | Urine | Detected and Quantified | 17.772 +/- 12.817 umol/mmol creatinine | Children (1 - 13 years old) | Not Specified | Normal | | details | Urine | Detected and Quantified | 9.68 umol/mmol creatinine | Adult (>18 years old) | Male | Normal | | details | Urine | Expected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Not Available | Not Available | Consuming polyphenols described by Phenol-Explorer entry 573 | | details | Urine | Expected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Not Available | Not Available | Consuming polyphenols described by Phenol-Explorer entry 573 | | details | Urine | Expected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Not Available | Not Available | Consuming polyphenols described by Phenol-Explorer entry 573 | | details | Urine | Expected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Not Available | Not Available | Consuming polyphenols described by Phenol-Explorer entry 573 | | details | Urine | Detected and Quantified | 917.00 +/- 341.8 umol/mmol creatinine | Newborn (0-30 days old) | Both | Normal | | details | Urine | Detected and Quantified | 11 (3.5-22) umol/mmol creatinine | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | Urine | Detected and Quantified | 7.0 (2.8-11.0) umol/mmol creatinine | Children (1-13 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | Urine | Detected and Quantified | 24.2 umol/mmol creatinine | Newborn (0-30 days old) | Both | Normal | | details | Urine | Detected and Quantified | 36.7 umol/mmol creatinine | Infant (0-1 year old) | Both | Normal | | details | Urine | Detected and Quantified | 20.3 umol/mmol creatinine | Children (1-13 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | Urine | Detected and Quantified | 31.4 umol/mmol creatinine | Adolescent (13-18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | Urine | Detected and Quantified | 15.3 umol/mmol creatinine | Children (1-13 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | Urine | Detected and Quantified | 24.2 (8.6-73.2) umol/mmol creatinine | Newborn (0-30 days old) | Both | Normal | | details | Urine | Detected and Quantified | 10.455 umol/mmol creatinine | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | Urine | Detected and Quantified | 7.4 +/- 4.4 umol/mmol creatinine | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | Urine | Detected and Quantified | 36.7 (8.4-142.0) umol/mmol creatinine | Infant (0-1 year old) | Both | Normal | | details | Urine | Detected and Quantified | 1.680-101.700 umol/mmol creatinine | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | Urine | Detected and Quantified | 20.3 umol/mmol creatinine | Children (1-13 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | Urine | Detected and Quantified | 31.4 (9.7-187.4) umol/mmol creatinine | Children (1-13 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | Urine | Detected and Quantified | 15.3 (3.2-180.2) umol/mmol creatinine | Adolescent (13-18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | Urine | Detected and Quantified | 5.2-12 umol/mmol creatinine | Adult (>18 years old) | Male | Normal | | details | Urine | Detected and Quantified | <109.33 umol/mmol creatinine | Children (1 - 18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | Urine | Detected and Quantified | 12.024 +/- 1.428 umol/mmol creatinine | Adult (>18 years old) | Male | Normal | | details | Urine | Detected and Quantified | 36-69 umol/mmol creatinine | Newborn (0-30 days old) | Both | Normal | | details | Urine | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Male | Normal | | details | Urine | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Male | Normal | | details | Urine | Detected and Quantified | 7.96(4.70-14.16) umol/mmol creatinine | Newborn (0-30 days old) | Both | Normal | | details |
|
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Abnormal Concentrations |
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| |
Blood | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Female | Breast cancer | | details | Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) | Detected and Quantified | 0.31 +/- 0.0.03 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Not Specified | Schizophrenia | | details | Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) | Detected and Quantified | 0.038 +/- 0.005 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Not Specified | Epilepsy | | details | Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Female | Breast cancer | | details | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Colorectal cancer | | details | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Ulcerative colitis | | details | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Crohn disease | | details | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Colorectal cancer | | details | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Colorectal Cancer | | details | Saliva | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Female | Breast cancer | | details | Urine | Detected and Quantified | 30.103 +/- 31.073 umol/mmol creatinine | Children (1 - 13 years old) | Not Specified | Eosinophilic esophagitis | | details | Urine | Detected and Quantified | 34.998 +/- 55.908 umol/mmol creatinine | Children (1 - 13 years old) | Not Specified | Gastroesophageal reflux disease | | details | Urine | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Bladder cancer | | details | Urine | Detected and Quantified | 24.522 umol/mmol creatinine | Infant (0-1 year old) | Male | Fumarase deficiency | | details | Urine | Detected and Quantified | 44.586 +/- 66.136 umol/mmol creatinine | Children (1-13 years old) | Both | Phenylketonuria | | details | Urine | Detected and Quantified | 46.0719 +/- 45.329 umol/mmol creatinine | Children (1-13 years old) | Both | Phenylketonuria | | details | Urine | Detected and Quantified | 47.558 +/- 69.108 umol/mmol creatinine | Children (1-13 years old) | Both | Phenylketonuria | | details | Urine | Detected and Quantified | 18.772 +/- 21.602 umol/mmol creatinine | Children (1 - 13 years old) | Not Specified | Eosinophilic esophagitis | | details | Urine | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Hypertension (mild) | | details | Urine | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Hypertension (mild) | | details | Urine | Detected and Quantified | 428.00 +/- 164.00 umol/mmol creatinine | Infant (0-1 year old) | Both | Preterm infants | | details | Urine | Detected and Quantified | 25.0 (7.0-50.5) umol/mmol creatinine | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Meningomyelocoele | | details | Urine | Detected and Quantified | 16.0 +/- 15.0 umol/mmol creatinine | Not Specified | Both | Lung cancer | | details | Urine | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Male | Cardiosvacular risk | | details | Urine | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Female | Breast cancer | | details |
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Associated Disorders and Diseases |
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Disease References | Schizophrenia |
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- Kobayashi K, Koide Y, Yoshino K, Shohmori T: [P-hydroxyphenylacetic acid concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid]. No To Shinkei. 1982 Aug;34(8):769-74. [PubMed:7126379 ]
| Epilepsy |
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- Kobayashi K, Koide Y, Yoshino K, Shohmori T: [P-hydroxyphenylacetic acid concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid]. No To Shinkei. 1982 Aug;34(8):769-74. [PubMed:7126379 ]
| Colorectal cancer |
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- Brown DG, Rao S, Weir TL, O'Malia J, Bazan M, Brown RJ, Ryan EP: Metabolomics and metabolic pathway networks from human colorectal cancers, adjacent mucosa, and stool. Cancer Metab. 2016 Jun 6;4:11. doi: 10.1186/s40170-016-0151-y. eCollection 2016. [PubMed:27275383 ]
- Sinha R, Ahn J, Sampson JN, Shi J, Yu G, Xiong X, Hayes RB, Goedert JJ: Fecal Microbiota, Fecal Metabolome, and Colorectal Cancer Interrelations. PLoS One. 2016 Mar 25;11(3):e0152126. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152126. eCollection 2016. [PubMed:27015276 ]
- Goedert JJ, Sampson JN, Moore SC, Xiao Q, Xiong X, Hayes RB, Ahn J, Shi J, Sinha R: Fecal metabolomics: assay performance and association with colorectal cancer. Carcinogenesis. 2014 Sep;35(9):2089-96. doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgu131. Epub 2014 Jul 18. [PubMed:25037050 ]
| Ulcerative colitis |
---|
- Azario I, Pievani A, Del Priore F, Antolini L, Santi L, Corsi A, Cardinale L, Sawamoto K, Kubaski F, Gentner B, Bernardo ME, Valsecchi MG, Riminucci M, Tomatsu S, Aiuti A, Biondi A, Serafini M: Neonatal umbilical cord blood transplantation halts skeletal disease progression in the murine model of MPS-I. Sci Rep. 2017 Aug 25;7(1):9473. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-09958-9. [PubMed:28842642 ]
| Crohn's disease |
---|
- Azario I, Pievani A, Del Priore F, Antolini L, Santi L, Corsi A, Cardinale L, Sawamoto K, Kubaski F, Gentner B, Bernardo ME, Valsecchi MG, Riminucci M, Tomatsu S, Aiuti A, Biondi A, Serafini M: Neonatal umbilical cord blood transplantation halts skeletal disease progression in the murine model of MPS-I. Sci Rep. 2017 Aug 25;7(1):9473. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-09958-9. [PubMed:28842642 ]
| Lung Cancer |
---|
- Wishart DS, Knox C, Guo AC, Eisner R, Young N, Gautam B, Hau DD, Psychogios N, Dong E, Bouatra S, Mandal R, Sinelnikov I, Xia J, Jia L, Cruz JA, Lim E, Sobsey CA, Shrivastava S, Huang P, Liu P, Fang L, Peng J, Fradette R, Cheng D, Tzur D, Clements M, Lewis A, De Souza A, Zuniga A, Dawe M, Xiong Y, Clive D, Greiner R, Nazyrova A, Shaykhutdinov R, Li L, Vogel HJ, Forsythe I: HMDB: a knowledgebase for the human metabolome. Nucleic Acids Res. 2009 Jan;37(Database issue):D603-10. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkn810. Epub 2008 Oct 25. [PubMed:18953024 ]
| Spina Bifida |
---|
- McKibbin B, O'Gorman L, Duckworth T: Catecholamine metabolite excretion in spina bifida. J Clin Pathol. 1969 Nov;22(6):687-9. [PubMed:4903899 ]
| Eosinophilic esophagitis |
---|
- Slae, M., Huynh, H., Wishart, D.S. (2014). Analysis of 30 normal pediatric urine samples via NMR spectroscopy (unpublished work). NA.
| Perillyl alcohol administration for cancer treatment |
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- Nam H, Chung BC, Kim Y, Lee K, Lee D: Combining tissue transcriptomics and urine metabolomics for breast cancer biomarker identification. Bioinformatics. 2009 Dec 1;25(23):3151-7. doi: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btp558. Epub 2009 Sep 25. [PubMed:19783829 ]
| Fumarase deficiency |
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- Bastug O, Kardas F, Ozturk MA, Halis H, Memur S, Korkmaz L, Tag Z, Gunes T: A rare cause of opistotonus; fumaric aciduria: The first case presentation in Turkey. Turk Pediatri Ars. 2014 Mar 1;49(1):74-6. doi: 10.5152/tpa.2014.442. eCollection 2014 Mar. [PubMed:26078636 ]
| Phenylketonuria |
---|
- Rampini S, Vollmin JA, Bosshard HR, Muller M, Curtius HC: Aromatic acids in urine of healthy infants, persistent hyperphenylalaninemia, and phenylketonuria, before and after phenylalanine load. Pediatr Res. 1974 Jul;8(7):704-9. [PubMed:4837567 ]
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Associated OMIM IDs | |
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External Links |
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DrugBank ID | Not Available |
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Phenol Explorer Compound ID | 573 |
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FooDB ID | FDB010534 |
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KNApSAcK ID | Not Available |
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Chemspider ID | 124 |
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KEGG Compound ID | C00642 |
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BioCyc ID | 4-HYDROXYPHENYLACETATE |
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BiGG ID | 35599 |
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Wikipedia Link | 4-hydroxyphenylacetic_acid |
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METLIN ID | 130 |
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PubChem Compound | 127 |
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PDB ID | Not Available |
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ChEBI ID | 18101 |
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Food Biomarker Ontology | Not Available |
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VMH ID | 4HPHAC |
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MarkerDB ID | MDB00000010 |
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Good Scents ID | Not Available |
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References |
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Synthesis Reference | Qiao, Xi-long; Tian, Hui; Li, Wen; Zhao, Xiu-yun; Zhang, Jin-fang. Study of 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid synthesis from glyoxalic acid. Hebei Gongye Keji (2005), 22(5), 264-266. |
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Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) | Download (PDF) |
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General References | - Sreekumar A, Poisson LM, Rajendiran TM, Khan AP, Cao Q, Yu J, Laxman B, Mehra R, Lonigro RJ, Li Y, Nyati MK, Ahsan A, Kalyana-Sundaram S, Han B, Cao X, Byun J, Omenn GS, Ghosh D, Pennathur S, Alexander DC, Berger A, Shuster JR, Wei JT, Varambally S, Beecher C, Chinnaiyan AM: Metabolomic profiles delineate potential role for sarcosine in prostate cancer progression. Nature. 2009 Feb 12;457(7231):910-4. doi: 10.1038/nature07762. [PubMed:19212411 ]
- Hirota S, Takahama U, Ly TN, Yamauchi R: Quercetin-dependent inhibition of nitration induced by peroxidase/H2O2/nitrite systems in human saliva and characterization of an oxidation product of quercetin formed during the inhibition. J Agric Food Chem. 2005 May 4;53(9):3265-72. [PubMed:15853358 ]
- Takahama U, Oniki T, Murata H: The presence of 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid in human saliva and the possibility of its nitration by salivary nitrite in the stomach. FEBS Lett. 2002 May 8;518(1-3):116-8. [PubMed:11997029 ]
- Kobayashi K, Koide Y, Shohmori T: Determination of p-hydroxyphenylacetic acid in cerebrospinal fluid by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Clin Chim Acta. 1982 Aug 4;123(1-2):161-8. [PubMed:7116636 ]
- Tyce GM, Stockard J, Sharpless NS, Muenter MD: Excretion of amines and their metabolites by two patients in hepatic coma treated with L-dopa. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1983 Sep;34(3):390-8. [PubMed:6883916 ]
- Young SN, Davis BA, Gauthier S: Precursors and metabolites of phenylethylamine, m and p-tyramine and tryptamine in human lumbar and cisternal cerebrospinal fluid. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1982 Jul;45(7):633-9. [PubMed:6181210 ]
- Boulat O, Gradwohl M, Matos V, Guignard JP, Bachmann C: Organic acids in the second morning urine in a healthy Swiss paediatric population. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2003 Dec;41(12):1642-58. [PubMed:14708889 ]
- Muskiet FA, Groen A: Urinary excretion of conjugated homovanillic acid, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, p-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, and vanillic acid by persons on their usual diet and patients with neuroblastoma. Clin Chem. 1979 Jul;25(7):1281-4. [PubMed:455649 ]
- Guneral F, Bachmann C: Age-related reference values for urinary organic acids in a healthy Turkish pediatric population. Clin Chem. 1994 Jun;40(6):862-6. [PubMed:8087979 ]
- McKibbin B, O'Gorman L, Duckworth T: Catecholamine metabolite excretion in spina bifida. J Clin Pathol. 1969 Nov;22(6):687-9. [PubMed:4903899 ]
- Mani AR, Pannala AS, Orie NN, Ollosson R, Harry D, Rice-Evans CA, Moore KP: Nitration of endogenous para-hydroxyphenylacetic acid and the metabolism of nitrotyrosine. Biochem J. 2003 Sep 1;374(Pt 2):521-7. [PubMed:12797864 ]
- Takahama U, Hirota S, Nishioka T, Oniki T: Human salivary peroxidase-catalyzed oxidation of nitrite and nitration of salivary components 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid and proteins. Arch Oral Biol. 2003 Oct;48(10):679-90. [PubMed:12971945 ]
- Quijano C, Hernandez-Saavedra D, Castro L, McCord JM, Freeman BA, Radi R: Reaction of peroxynitrite with Mn-superoxide dismutase. Role of the metal center in decomposition kinetics and nitration. J Biol Chem. 2001 Apr 13;276(15):11631-8. Epub 2001 Jan 4. [PubMed:11152462 ]
- Raw I, Schmidt BJ, Merzel J: Catecholamines and congenital pain insensitivity. Braz J Med Biol Res. 1984;17(3-4):271-9. [PubMed:6085021 ]
- Jenner AM, Rafter J, Halliwell B: Human fecal water content of phenolics: the extent of colonic exposure to aromatic compounds. Free Radic Biol Med. 2005 Mar 15;38(6):763-72. [PubMed:15721987 ]
- Finegold SM, Molitoris D, Song Y, Liu C, Vaisanen ML, Bolte E, McTeague M, Sandler R, Wexler H, Marlowe EM, Collins MD, Lawson PA, Summanen P, Baysallar M, Tomzynski TJ, Read E, Johnson E, Rolfe R, Nasir P, Shah H, Haake DA, Manning P, Kaul A: Gastrointestinal microflora studies in late-onset autism. Clin Infect Dis. 2002 Sep 1;35(Suppl 1):S6-S16. doi: 10.1086/341914. [PubMed:12173102 ]
- Chalmers RA, Valman HB, Liberman MM: Measurement of 4-hydroxyphenylacetic aciduria as a screening test for small-bowel disease. Clin Chem. 1979 Oct;25(10):1791-4. [PubMed:476929 ]
- Koistinen VM (2019). Effects of Food Processing and Gut Microbial Metabolism on Whole Grain Phytochemicals: A Metabolomics Approach. In Publications of the University of Eastern Finland. Dissertations in Health Sciences., no 510 (pp. 26-58). University of Eastern Finland. [ISBN:978-952-61-3088-0 ]
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