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Record Information
Version5.0
StatusDetected and Quantified
Creation Date2005-11-16 15:48:42 UTC
Update Date2021-09-14 15:40:24 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0000151
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB0004481
  • HMDB00151
  • HMDB04481
Metabolite Identification
Common NameEstradiol
DescriptionEstradiol is the most potent form of mammalian estrogenic steroids. Estradiol is produced in the ovaries. The ovary requires both luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) to produce sex steroids. LH stimulates the cells surrounding the follicle to produce progesterone and androgens. The androgens diffuse across the basement membrane to the granulosa cell layer, where, under the action of FSH, they are aromatized to estrogens, mainly estradiol. The ovary shows cyclical activity, unlike the testis that is maintained in a more or less constant state of activity. Hormone secretions vary according to the phase of the menstrual cycle. In the developing follicle LH receptors (LH-R) are only located on the thecal cells and FSH receptors (FSHR) on the granulosa cells. The dominant pre-ovulatory follicle develops LH-Rs on the granulosa cells prior to the LH surge. Thecal cells of the preovulatory follicle also develop the capacity to synthesize estradiol and this persists when the thecal cells become incorporated into the corpus luteum. After ovulation, the empty follicle is remodelled and plays an important role in the second half or luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. This phase is dominated by progesterone and, to a lesser extent, estradiol secretion by the corpus luteum. estradiol is also synthesized locally from cholesterol through testosterone in the hippocampus and acts rapidly to modulate neuronal synaptic plasticity. Localization of estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) in spines in addition to nuclei of principal neurons implies that synaptic ERalpha is responsible for rapid modulation of synaptic plasticity by endogenous estradiol. estradiol is a potent endogenous antioxidant which suppresses hepatic fibrosis in animal models, and attenuates induction of redox sensitive transcription factors, hepatocyte apoptosis and hepatic stellate cells activation by inhibiting a generation of reactive oxygen species in primary cultures. This suggests that the greater progression of hepatic fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma in men and postmenopausal women may be due, at least in part, to lower production of estradiol and a reduced response to the action of estradiol. estradiol has been reported to induce the production of interferon (INF)-gamma in lymphocytes, and augments an antigen-specific primary antibody response in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. IFN-gamma is a potent cytokine with immunomodulatory and antiproliferative properties. Therefore, female subjects, particularly before menopause, may produce antibodies against hepatitis B virus e antigen and hepatitis B virus surface antigen at a higher frequency than males with chronic hepatitis B virus infection. The estradiol-Dihydrotestosterone model of prostate cancer (PC) proposes that the first step in the development of most PC and breast cancer (BC) occurs when aromatase converts testosterone to estradiol. (PMID: 17708600 , 17678531 , 17644764 ).
Structure
Data?1582752113
Synonyms
ValueSource
(17beta)-Estra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3,17-diolChEBI
17beta OestradiolChEBI
17beta-Estra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3,17-diolChEBI
17beta-OestradiolChEBI
beta-EstradiolChEBI
cis-EstradiolChEBI
Estradiol-17betaChEBI
ClimaraKegg
DivigelKegg
EstraceKegg
EstradermKegg
EstrasorbKegg
EstringKegg
EstrogelKegg
InnofemKegg
VagifemKegg
VivelleKegg
(17b)-Estra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3,17-diolGenerator
(17Β)-estra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3,17-diolGenerator
17b OestradiolGenerator
17Β oestradiolGenerator
17b-Estra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3,17-diolGenerator
17Β-estra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3,17-diolGenerator
17b-OestradiolGenerator
17Β-oestradiolGenerator
b-EstradiolGenerator
Β-estradiolGenerator
Estradiol-17bGenerator
Estradiol-17βGenerator
(+)-3,17b-EstradiolHMDB
13b-Methyl-1,3,5(10)-gonatriene-3,17b-olHMDB
17b-EstradiolHMDB
3,17-EpidihydroxyestratrieneHMDB
3,17b-Dihydroxyestra-1,3,5(10)-trieneHMDB
3,17b-EstradiolHMDB
AerodiolHMDB
AgofollinHMDB
AltradHMDB
AmnestrogenHMDB
AquadiolHMDB
BardiolHMDB
ClimadermHMDB
CompudoseHMDB
CorpagenHMDB
D-EstradiolHMDB
D-OestradiolHMDB
delta-EstradiolHMDB
delta-OestradiolHMDB
DermestrilHMDB
Dihydro-theelinHMDB
Dihydrofollicular hormoneHMDB
DihydrofolliculinHMDB
DihydromenformonHMDB
DihydrotheelinHMDB
DihydroxyestrinHMDB
DimenformonHMDB
DiogynHMDB
DiogynetsHMDB
EncoreHMDB
Epiestriol 50HMDB
Estra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3,17b-diolHMDB
Estraderm TTSHMDB
Estradiol-17-betaHMDB
EstradotHMDB
EstraldineHMDB
Estring vaginal ringHMDB
EstroclimHMDB
Estroclim 50HMDB
Estrogel HBFHMDB
EstroviteHMDB
EvorelHMDB
FemestralHMDB
FemogenHMDB
FollicyclinHMDB
GelestraHMDB
GinosedolHMDB
GynergonHMDB
GynoestrylHMDB
LamdiolHMDB
MacrodiolHMDB
MenorestHMDB
NordicolHMDB
OesclimHMDB
OestergonHMDB
Oestra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3,17b-diolHMDB
OestradiolHMDB
OestrogelHMDB
OestroglandolHMDB
OvahormonHMDB
OvasterolHMDB
OvastevolHMDB
OvocyclinHMDB
OvocylinHMDB
PerlatanolHMDB
PrimofolHMDB
ProfoliolHMDB
Profoliol bHMDB
ProgynonHMDB
Progynon DHHMDB
Sandrena 1HMDB
SyndiolHMDB
SystenHMDB
ZumenonHMDB
Estradiol hemihydrate, (17 alpha)-isomerHMDB
Estradiol, (-)-isomerHMDB
Estradiol, monosodium saltHMDB
Estradiol-17 betaHMDB
17 beta OestradiolHMDB
17 beta-EstradiolHMDB
Estradiol 17 betaHMDB
Estradiol monohydrateHMDB
Estradiol orion brandHMDB
Estradiol, (17-alpha)-isomerHMDB
Estradiol, sodium saltHMDB
17 beta EstradiolHMDB
Estradiol hemihydrateHMDB
Estradiol, (+-)-isomerHMDB
Estradiol, (16 alpha,17 alpha)-isomerHMDB
Estradiol-17 alphaHMDB
Orion brand OF estradiolHMDB
17 beta-OestradiolHMDB
Estradiol 17 alphaHMDB
Estradiol 17betaHMDB
Estradiol anhydrousHMDB
Estradiol, (16 alpha,17 beta)-isomerHMDB
Estradiol, (8 alpha,17 beta)-(+-)-isomerHMDB
Estradiol, (8 alpha,17 beta)-isomerHMDB
Estradiol, (9 beta,17 alpha)-isomerHMDB
Estradiol, (9 beta,17 beta)-isomerHMDB
Novartis pharmaceuticals brand OF estradiolHMDB
ProgynovaHMDB
Estradiol valerianteHMDB
Estradiol valerateHMDB
DelestrogenHMDB
Progynon depotHMDB
Progynon-depotHMDB
EstradiolChEBI
Chemical FormulaC18H24O2
Average Molecular Weight272.382
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight272.177630012
IUPAC Name(1S,10R,11S,14S,15S)-15-methyltetracyclo[8.7.0.0^{2,7}.0^{11,15}]heptadeca-2(7),3,5-triene-5,14-diol
Traditional Name(1S,10R,11S,14S,15S)-15-methyltetracyclo[8.7.0.0^{2,7}.0^{11,15}]heptadeca-2(7),3,5-triene-5,14-diol
CAS Registry Number50-28-2
SMILES
[H][C@@]12CC[C@H](O)[C@@]1(C)CC[C@]1([H])C3=C(CC[C@@]21[H])C=C(O)C=C3
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C18H24O2/c1-18-9-8-14-13-5-3-12(19)10-11(13)2-4-15(14)16(18)6-7-17(18)20/h3,5,10,14-17,19-20H,2,4,6-9H2,1H3/t14-,15-,16+,17+,18+/m1/s1
InChI KeyVOXZDWNPVJITMN-ZBRFXRBCSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as estrogens and derivatives. These are steroids with a structure containing a 3-hydroxylated estrane.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassLipids and lipid-like molecules
ClassSteroids and steroid derivatives
Sub ClassEstrane steroids
Direct ParentEstrogens and derivatives
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Estrogen-skeleton
  • 17-hydroxysteroid
  • Hydroxysteroid
  • 3-hydroxysteroid
  • Phenanthrene
  • Tetralin
  • 1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoid
  • Benzenoid
  • Cyclic alcohol
  • Secondary alcohol
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Alcohol
  • Aromatic homopolycyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAromatic homopolycyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
Physiological effect
Disposition
Biological locationRoute of exposureSource
Process
Role
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting Point178.5 °CNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water Solubility0.0036 mg/mLNot Available
LogP4.01HANSCH,C ET AL. (1995)
Experimental Chromatographic Properties

Experimental Collision Cross Sections

Adduct TypeData SourceCCS Value (Å2)Reference
[M-H]-Not Available173.336http://allccs.zhulab.cn/database/detail?ID=AllCCS00000182
Predicted Molecular Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility0.021 g/LALOGPS
logP3.57ALOGPS
logP3.75ChemAxon
logS-4.1ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)10.33ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)-0.88ChemAxon
Physiological Charge0ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count2ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count2ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area40.46 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count0ChemAxon
Refractivity79.9 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability32.12 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings4ChemAxon
BioavailabilityYesChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterYesChemAxon
Veber's RuleNoChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
Predicted Chromatographic Properties

Predicted Collision Cross Sections

PredictorAdduct TypeCCS Value (Å2)Reference
DarkChem[M+H]+165.01731661259
DarkChem[M-H]-163.61931661259
AllCCS[M+H]+168.12132859911
AllCCS[M-H]-174.1532859911
DeepCCS[M-2H]-212.93330932474
DeepCCS[M+Na]+187.79830932474
AllCCS[M+H]+168.132859911
AllCCS[M+H-H2O]+164.832859911
AllCCS[M+NH4]+171.232859911
AllCCS[M+Na]+172.132859911
AllCCS[M-H]-174.232859911
AllCCS[M+Na-2H]-174.032859911
AllCCS[M+HCOO]-173.932859911

Predicted Kovats Retention Indices

Underivatized

MetaboliteSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
Estradiol[H][C@@]12CC[C@H](O)[C@@]1(C)CC[C@]1([H])C3=C(CC[C@@]21[H])C=C(O)C=C33547.9Standard polar33892256
Estradiol[H][C@@]12CC[C@H](O)[C@@]1(C)CC[C@]1([H])C3=C(CC[C@@]21[H])C=C(O)C=C32655.4Standard non polar33892256
Estradiol[H][C@@]12CC[C@H](O)[C@@]1(C)CC[C@]1([H])C3=C(CC[C@@]21[H])C=C(O)C=C32739.4Semi standard non polar33892256

Derivatized

Derivative Name / StructureSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
Estradiol,1TMS,isomer #1C[C@]12CC[C@@H]3C4=CC=C(O)C=C4CC[C@H]3[C@@H]1CC[C@@H]2O[Si](C)(C)C2677.5Semi standard non polar33892256
Estradiol,1TMS,isomer #2C[C@]12CC[C@@H]3C4=CC=C(O[Si](C)(C)C)C=C4CC[C@H]3[C@@H]1CC[C@@H]2O2655.2Semi standard non polar33892256
Estradiol,2TMS,isomer #1C[C@]12CC[C@@H]3C4=CC=C(O[Si](C)(C)C)C=C4CC[C@H]3[C@@H]1CC[C@@H]2O[Si](C)(C)C2708.0Semi standard non polar33892256
Estradiol,1TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)O[C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@@H]3CCC4=CC(O)=CC=C4[C@H]3CC[C@]12C2965.7Semi standard non polar33892256
Estradiol,1TBDMS,isomer #2CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC1=CC=C2C(=C1)CC[C@@H]1[C@@H]2CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H](O)CC[C@@H]122953.9Semi standard non polar33892256
Estradiol,2TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC1=CC=C2C(=C1)CC[C@@H]1[C@@H]2CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)CC[C@@H]123270.9Semi standard non polar33892256
Spectra

GC-MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Experimental GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - Estradiol GC-MS (2 TMS)splash10-017r-1791100000-7b16254894cdcb8ee86d2014-06-16HMDB team, MONA, MassBankView Spectrum
Experimental GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - Estradiol EI-B (Non-derivatized)splash10-00di-1980000000-b2dec84718861de189ec2017-09-12HMDB team, MONA, MassBankView Spectrum
Experimental GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - Estradiol EI-B (Non-derivatized)splash10-00di-3940000000-f3692a81f624f15d3e0b2017-09-12HMDB team, MONA, MassBankView Spectrum
Experimental GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - Estradiol EI-B (Non-derivatized)splash10-00di-0960000000-be4e96105398cb805cd92017-09-12HMDB team, MONA, MassBankView Spectrum
Experimental GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - Estradiol EI-B (Non-derivatized)splash10-00di-0790000000-5c858378c151358118242017-09-12HMDB team, MONA, MassBankView Spectrum
Experimental GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - Estradiol GC-MS (Non-derivatized)splash10-017r-1791100000-7b16254894cdcb8ee86d2017-09-12HMDB team, MONA, MassBankView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Estradiol GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-052f-1490000000-9f16d080d50dcea52de42017-09-01Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Estradiol GC-MS (2 TMS) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-0udr-2279400000-cea6d26f1ab9c44b51602017-10-06Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Estradiol GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-12Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Estradiol GC-MS (TMS_1_1) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-11-05Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Estradiol GC-MS (TMS_1_2) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-11-05Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Estradiol GC-MS (TBDMS_1_1) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-11-05Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Estradiol GC-MS (TBDMS_1_2) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-11-05Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Estradiol GC-MS (TBDMS_2_1) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-11-05Wishart LabView Spectrum
MSMass Spectrum (Electron Ionization)splash10-075a-2920000000-10218bfa5b56f829853e2014-09-20Not AvailableView Spectrum

MS/MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Estradiol Linear Ion Trap , negative-QTOFsplash10-00di-0490000000-c3c4658cfae36bedff302017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Estradiol 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-00di-0090000000-f73a7a19d55a4f78be012021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Estradiol 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-00di-0090000000-f906ca4989738e61667a2021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Estradiol 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-00di-0090000000-279741ee877c60bb7ab32021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Estradiol Quattro_QQQ 10V, Positive-QTOF (Annotated)splash10-05fr-0590000000-1dd83cbcb3d21edfbdbd2012-07-24HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Estradiol Quattro_QQQ 25V, Positive-QTOF (Annotated)splash10-0a4i-2900000000-f3279d6cdab9cf3800fd2012-07-24HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Estradiol Quattro_QQQ 40V, Positive-QTOF (Annotated)splash10-0a4i-8900000000-0efe28378f612aab8c3d2012-07-24HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Estradiol EI-B (JEOL JMS-01-SG-2) , Positive-QTOFsplash10-00di-1980000000-b2dec84718861de189ec2012-08-31HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Estradiol EI-B (HITACHI RMU-6E) , Positive-QTOFsplash10-00di-3940000000-f3692a81f624f15d3e0b2012-08-31HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Estradiol EI-B (HITACHI M-52) , Positive-QTOFsplash10-00di-0960000000-be4e96105398cb805cd92012-08-31HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Estradiol EI-B (HITACHI M-80) , Positive-QTOFsplash10-00di-0790000000-5c83456da6e28375ad512012-08-31HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Estradiol LC-ESI-ITFT , positive-QTOFsplash10-0a4i-1900000000-51d28e077b0aefa6aa1c2017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Estradiol LC-ESI-ITFT , positive-QTOFsplash10-0a4i-2900000000-a22a9233ffbb9eb05a1b2017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Estradiol LC-ESI-ITFT , positive-QTOFsplash10-0002-0960000000-d2ee002f4c0363c04e832017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Estradiol LC-ESI-ITFT , positive-QTOFsplash10-0002-0960000000-2ad7c6e17386448419df2017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Estradiol 80V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0a4i-2900000000-a22a9233ffbb9eb05a1b2021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Estradiol 55V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0a4i-1900000000-51d28e077b0aefa6aa1c2021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Estradiol 50V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-002b-0930000000-c177eb564c729479f2be2021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Estradiol 30V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0a4i-0190000000-b572b380a16bb1b20b272021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Estradiol 35V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0002-0960000000-d2ee002f4c0363c04e832021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Estradiol 55V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0002-0960000000-2ad7c6e17386448419df2021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Estradiol 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-004i-0490000000-ad5217e0b35392226fe02021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Estradiol 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-05fr-0090000000-f65d7fb55ed3c4055c712021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Estradiol 30V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0a4i-0190000000-097099df4d0880cc80a82021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Estradiol 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-004i-0490000000-10bda227652deb21fef52021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum

NMR Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionDeposition DateSourceView
Experimental 2D NMR[1H, 13C]-HSQC NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, 100%_DMSO, experimental)2012-12-04Wishart LabView Spectrum
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Cytoplasm
  • Extracellular
  • Membrane (predicted from logP)
  • Endoplasmic reticulum
Biospecimen Locations
  • Blood
  • Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
  • Saliva
  • Urine
Tissue Locations
  • Adipose Tissue
  • Adrenal Cortex
  • Adrenal Gland
  • Brain
  • Epidermis
  • Fibroblasts
  • Kidney
  • Liver
  • Neuron
  • Ovary
  • Placenta
  • Platelet
  • Prostate
  • Skeletal Muscle
  • Spleen
  • Testis
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodDetected and Quantified0.000092 uMInfant (15 days - <1 year old)Both
Normal
    • CALIPER Paediatri...
details
BloodDetected and Quantified0.000037 uMChildren (1 - <9 years old)Female
Normal
    • CALIPER Paediatri...
details
BloodDetected and Quantified0.000176 uMChildren (9 - <11 years old)Female
Normal
    • CALIPER Paediatri...
details
BloodDetected and Quantified0.000345 uMAdolescent (11 - <12 years old)Female
Normal
    • CALIPER Paediatri...
details
BloodDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
BloodDetected and Quantified0.00004-0.000631 uMAdolescent (12 - <14 years old)Female
Normal
    • CALIPER Paediatri...
details
BloodDetected and Quantified0.000936 uMAdolescent (14 - <19 years oldFemale
Normal
    • CALIPER Paediatri...
details
BloodDetected and Quantified0.000048 uMChildren (1 - <11 years old)Male
Normal
    • CALIPER Paediatri...
details
BloodDetected and Quantified0.000095 uMAdolescent (11 - <13 years old)Male
Normal
    • CALIPER Paediatri...
details
BloodDetected and Quantified0.000103 uMAdolescent (13 - <15 years old)Male
Normal
    • CALIPER Paediatri...
details
BloodDetected and Quantified0.00014 uMAdolescent (15 - <19 years old)Male
Normal
    • CALIPER Paediatri...
details
BloodDetected and Quantified0.00015 +/- 0.000075 uMAdult (>18 years old)FemaleNormal details
BloodDetected and Quantified0.000110 - 0.00130 uMAdult (>18 years old)FemaleNormal details
BloodDetected and Quantified0 - 0.000220 uMAdult (>18 years old)MaleNormal details
BloodDetected and Quantified0.00009 (0.0-0.00018) uMAdult (>18 years old)MaleNormal
    • The Merck Manual,...
details
BloodDetected and Quantified0.00009 (0.0-0.00018) uMAdult (>18 years old)FemaleNormal
    • The Merck Manual,...
details
BloodDetected and Quantified0.000099-0.000749 uMAdult (>18 years old)Not SpecifiedNormal details
BloodDetected and Quantified<0.000206 uMNot SpecifiedMaleNormal details
BloodDetected and Quantified0.0000477+/- 0.00008 uMChildren (1-13 years old)BothNormal details
BloodDetected and Quantified0.000184-0.00177 uMAdult (>18 years old)FemaleNormal details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)Detected and Quantified0.0000011 +/- 0.0000003 uMAdult (>18 years old)FemaleNormal details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)Detected and Quantified0.0000007 - 0.000011 uMAdult (>18 years old)FemaleNormal details
SalivaDetected and Quantified0.000018 +/- 0.000006 uMAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal
details
SalivaDetected and Quantified0.000016 +/- 0.000005 uMAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal
details
SalivaDetected and Quantified0.000019 +/- 0.000007 uMAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal
details
SalivaDetected and Quantified0.000014 +/- 0.000005 uMAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal
details
SalivaDetected and Quantified0.000009 +/- 0.000004 uMAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal
details
SalivaDetected and Quantified0.000014 +/- 0.000007 uMAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal
details
SalivaDetected and Quantified0.000012 +/- 0.000006 uMAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal
details
SalivaDetected and Quantified0.000007 +/- 0.000004 uMAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal
details
SalivaDetected and Quantified0.000013 +/- 0.000006 uMAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal
details
SalivaDetected and Quantified<1.00 uMAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
UrineDetected and Quantified0.00059 +/- 0.00025 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)FemaleNormal details
UrineDetected and Quantified0.0011 +/- 0.00061 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)FemaleNormal details
UrineDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
Abnormal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodDetected and Quantified0.000095 +/- 0.000036 uMAdult (>18 years old)MaleSevere coronary artery disease details
BloodDetected and Quantified0.00011 +/- 0.00005 uMAdult (>18 years old)MaleMinor electrocardiongraphic abnormalities and/or arrhythmia with negative coronary arteriograms details
BloodDetected and Quantified0.000099 uMAdult (>18 years old)Female
Adrenal hyperplasia, congenital, due to 3-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 deficiency
details
BloodDetected and Quantified0.00039 (0.000037-0.00073) uMAdult (>18 years old)Female
Menstrual cycle
    • The Merck Manual,...
details
BloodDetected and Quantified0.00092 (0.00037-0.0015) uMAdult (>18 years old)Female
Menstrual cycle
    • The Merck Manual,...
details
BloodDetected and Quantified0.00050 (0.000055-0.00095) uMAdult (>18 years old)Female
Menstrual cycle
    • The Merck Manual,...
details
BloodDetected and Quantified<0.000005 uMChildren (1-13 years old)Female
Aromatase deficiency
details
BloodDetected and Quantified<0.0000734 uMAdolescent (13-18 years old)Female
Adrenal hyperplasia, congenital, due to 17-alpha-hydroxylase deficiency
details
BloodDetected and Quantified0.000037-0.000141 uMAdult (>18 years old)MaleX-linked ichthyosis details
BloodDetected and Quantified0-0.000201 uMChildren (1-13 years old)FemaleLipoid Adrenal Hyperplasia details
BloodDetected and Quantified0.000099 uMAdult (>18 years old)FemaleProprotein Convertase 1/3 Deficiency details
BloodDetected and Quantified0.000062 +/- 0.0000844 uMChildren (1-13 years old)Both
Adrenal hyperplasia, congenital, due to 3-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 deficiency
details
BloodDetected and Quantified0.0000294 +/- 0.000088 uMChildren (1-13 years old)Both
Adrenal hyperplasia, congenital, due to 3-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 deficiency
details
BloodDetected and Quantified0.000055 uMAdolescent (13-18 years old)Female
Adrenal hyperplasia, congenital, due to 17-alpha-hydroxylase deficiency
details
BloodDetected and Quantified0.000114 uMAdult (>18 years old)Female
Adrenal hyperplasia, congenital, due to 17-alpha-hydroxylase deficiency
details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)Detected and Quantified0.000006 (0.0000007-0.000011) uMAdult (>18 years old)FemaleGynecological diseases (benign) details
UrineDetected and Quantified0.0016 +/- 0.0011 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)FemaleStress urinary incontinence details
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease References
Menstrual cycle
  1. (). The Merck Manual, 17th ed. Mark H. Beers, MD, Robert Berkow, MD, eds. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck Research Labs, 1999.. .
Adrenal hyperplasia, congenital, due to 3-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 deficiency
  1. Hattori N, Ishihara T, Moridera K, Hino M, Ikekubo K, Kurahachi H: A case of late-onset congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to partial 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency. Endocr J. 1993 Feb;40(1):107-9. [PubMed:7951484 ]
  2. Benkert AR, Young M, Robinson D, Hendrickson C, Lee PA, Strauss KA: Severe Salt-Losing 3beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Deficiency: Treatment and Outcomes of HSD3B2 c.35G>A Homozygotes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2015 Aug;100(8):E1105-15. doi: 10.1210/jc.2015-2098. Epub 2015 Jun 16. [PubMed:26079780 ]
Aromatase deficiency
  1. Mullis PE, Yoshimura N, Kuhlmann B, Lippuner K, Jaeger P, Harada H: Aromatase deficiency in a female who is compound heterozygote for two new point mutations in the P450arom gene: impact of estrogens on hypergonadotropic hypogonadism, multicystic ovaries, and bone densitometry in childhood. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1997 Jun;82(6):1739-45. doi: 10.1210/jcem.82.6.3994. [PubMed:9177373 ]
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia, due to 17-Hydroxylase-Deficiency
  1. Wong SL, Shu SG, Tsai CR: Seventeen alpha-hydroxylase deficiency. J Formos Med Assoc. 2006 Feb;105(2):177-81. doi: 10.1016/S0929-6646(09)60342-9. [PubMed:16477341 ]
  2. Kim SM, Rhee JH: A case of 17 alpha-hydroxylase deficiency. Clin Exp Reprod Med. 2015 Jun;42(2):72-6. doi: 10.5653/cerm.2015.42.2.72. Epub 2015 Jun 30. [PubMed:26161337 ]
X-linked ichthyosis
  1. Lykkesfeldt G, Bennett P, Lykkesfeldt AE, Micic S, Moller S, Svenstrup B: Abnormal androgen and oestrogen metabolism in men with steroid sulphatase deficiency and recessive X-linked ichthyosis. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1985 Oct;23(4):385-93. [PubMed:3864567 ]
Lipoid Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
  1. Fujieda K, Tajima T, Nakae J, Sageshima S, Tachibana K, Suwa S, Sugawara T, Strauss JF 3rd: Spontaneous puberty in 46,XX subjects with congenital lipoid adrenal hyperplasia. Ovarian steroidogenesis is spared to some extent despite inactivating mutations in the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) gene. J Clin Invest. 1997 Mar 15;99(6):1265-71. doi: 10.1172/JCI119284. [PubMed:9077535 ]
Proprotein Convertase 1/3 Deficiency
  1. O'Rahilly S, Gray H, Humphreys PJ, Krook A, Polonsky KS, White A, Gibson S, Taylor K, Carr C: Brief report: impaired processing of prohormones associated with abnormalities of glucose homeostasis and adrenal function. N Engl J Med. 1995 Nov 23;333(21):1386-90. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199511233332104. [PubMed:7477119 ]
Benign gynecological diseases
  1. Murakami K, Nakagawa T, Shozu M, Uchide K, Koike K, Inoue M: Changes with aging of steroidal levels in the cerebrospinal fluid of women. Maturitas. 1999 Sep 24;33(1):71-80. [PubMed:10585175 ]
Associated OMIM IDs
  • 201810 (Adrenal hyperplasia, congenital, due to 3-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 deficiency)
  • 613546 (Aromatase deficiency)
  • 202110 (Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia, due to 17-Hydroxylase-Deficiency)
  • 308100 (X-linked ichthyosis)
  • 201710 (Lipoid Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia)
  • 600955 (Proprotein Convertase 1/3 Deficiency)
DrugBank IDDB00783
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDFDB000362
KNApSAcK IDNot Available
Chemspider ID5554
KEGG Compound IDC00951
BioCyc IDNot Available
BiGG ID36456
Wikipedia LinkEstradiol
METLIN ID263
PubChem Compound5757
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID16469
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDESTRADIOL
MarkerDB IDMDB00000072
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceVasiljeva, L. L.; Demin, P. M.; Kochev, D. M.; Lapitskaya, M. A.; Pivnitskya, K. K. New synthesis of estradiol from androsta-1,4-diene-3,17-dione. Russian Chemical Bulletin (Translation of Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya) (1999), 48(3), 593-595.
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Download (PDF)
General References
  1. Carani C, Qin K, Simoni M, Faustini-Fustini M, Serpente S, Boyd J, Korach KS, Simpson ER: Effect of testosterone and estradiol in a man with aromatase deficiency. N Engl J Med. 1997 Jul 10;337(2):91-5. [PubMed:9211678 ]
  2. Raman JD, Schlegel PN: Aromatase inhibitors for male infertility. J Urol. 2002 Feb;167(2 Pt 1):624-9. [PubMed:11792932 ]
  3. Garcia-Segura LM, Sanz A, Mendez P: Cross-talk between IGF-I and estradiol in the brain: focus on neuroprotection. Neuroendocrinology. 2006;84(4):275-9. Epub 2006 Nov 23. [PubMed:17124377 ]
  4. Martina V, Benso A, Gigliardi VR, Masha A, Origlia C, Granata R, Ghigo E: Short-term dehydroepiandrosterone treatment increases platelet cGMP production in elderly male subjects. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2006 Mar;64(3):260-4. [PubMed:16487434 ]
  5. Schaap LA, Pluijm SM, Smit JH, van Schoor NM, Visser M, Gooren LJ, Lips P: The association of sex hormone levels with poor mobility, low muscle strength and incidence of falls among older men and women. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2005 Aug;63(2):152-60. [PubMed:16060908 ]
  6. Evagelatou M, Webster AD, Farrant J: Effects of 17 beta-oestradiol on function of lymphocytes from normal donors and patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID). Clin Exp Immunol. 1994 Nov;98(2):203-9. [PubMed:7955523 ]
  7. Gibney MJ, Walsh M, Brennan L, Roche HM, German B, van Ommen B: Metabolomics in human nutrition: opportunities and challenges. Am J Clin Nutr. 2005 Sep;82(3):497-503. [PubMed:16155259 ]
  8. Carnevale V, Scillitani A, Vecci E, D'Erasmo E, Romagnoli E, Paglia F, Pepe J, Baldini V, Santori C, De Geronimo S, Minisola S: Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and bone resorption rates as reflected by serum levels of C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen: a study in healthy men. J Endocrinol Invest. 2005 Feb;28(2):102-5. [PubMed:15887853 ]
  9. Jojua T, Sumbadze TS, Papava M: Secretion of sex hormones in patients with open angle glaucoma. Georgian Med News. 2005 Jul-Aug;(124-125):33-7. [PubMed:16148373 ]
  10. Hamden KE, Ford PW, Whitman AG, Dyson OF, Cheng SY, McCubrey JA, Akula SM: Raf-induced vascular endothelial growth factor augments Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus infection. J Virol. 2004 Dec;78(23):13381-90. [PubMed:15542692 ]
  11. Lahdes-Vasama TT, Koskimaki JE, Streng TK, Fisch RD, Nilson EA, Santti RS, Tammela TL: Urodynamic findings in men operated on for an undescended testicle. BJU Int. 2003 Dec;92(9):972-6. [PubMed:14632858 ]
  12. Iranmanesh A, Veldhuis JD: Combined inhibition of types I and II 5 alpha-reductase selectively augments the basal (nonpulsatile) mode of testosterone secretion in young men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005 Jul;90(7):4232-7. Epub 2005 Apr 5. [PubMed:15811930 ]
  13. Stabile LP, Davis AL, Gubish CT, Hopkins TM, Luketich JD, Christie N, Finkelstein S, Siegfried JM: Human non-small cell lung tumors and cells derived from normal lung express both estrogen receptor alpha and beta and show biological responses to estrogen. Cancer Res. 2002 Apr 1;62(7):2141-50. [PubMed:11929836 ]
  14. Chabbert-Buffet N, Bouchard P: [Physiology and exploration of the gonadotropic axis]. Rev Prat. 1999 Jun 15;49(12):1270-6. [PubMed:10488657 ]
  15. Schonknecht P, Henze M, Hunt A, Klinga K, Haberkorn U, Schroder J: Hippocampal glucose metabolism is associated with cerebrospinal fluid estrogen levels in postmenopausal women with Alzheimer's disease. Psychiatry Res. 2003 Oct 30;124(2):125-7. [PubMed:14561431 ]
  16. Elliott KJ, Cable NT, Reilly T: Does oral contraceptive use affect maximum force production in women? Br J Sports Med. 2005 Jan;39(1):15-9. [PubMed:15618333 ]
  17. Blomquist CH, D'Ascoli PT: Gestational development of human placental 17 beta-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase types 1 and 2. Hum Reprod. 1995 Oct;10(10):2685-9. [PubMed:8567793 ]
  18. Fraser D, Padwick ML, Whitehead M, Coffer A, King RJ: Presence of an oestradiol receptor-related protein in the skin: changes during the normal menstrual cycle. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 1991 Dec;98(12):1277-82. [PubMed:1777462 ]
  19. Greb RR, Grieshaber K, Gromoll J, Sonntag B, Nieschlag E, Kiesel L, Simoni M: A common single nucleotide polymorphism in exon 10 of the human follicle stimulating hormone receptor is a major determinant of length and hormonal dynamics of the menstrual cycle. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005 Aug;90(8):4866-72. Epub 2005 May 10. [PubMed:15886248 ]
  20. Archer JS, Love-Geffen TE, Herbst-Damm KL, Swinney DA, Chang JR: Effect of estradiol versus estradiol and testosterone on brain-activation patterns in postmenopausal women. Menopause. 2006 May-Jun;13(3):528-37. [PubMed:16735951 ]
  21. Anwar A, McTernan PG, Anderson LA, Askaa J, Moody CG, Barnett AH, Eggo MC, Kumar S: Site-specific regulation of oestrogen receptor-alpha and -beta by oestradiol in human adipose tissue. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2001 Oct;3(5):338-49. [PubMed:11703424 ]
  22. Tanko LB, Christiansen C: Effects of 17beta-oestradiol plus different doses of drospirenone on adipose tissue, adiponectin and atherogenic metabolites in postmenopausal women. J Intern Med. 2005 Dec;258(6):544-53. [PubMed:16313478 ]
  23. Sulcova J, Hampl R, Hill M, Starka L, Novacek A: Delayed effects of short-term transdermal application of 7-oxo-dehydroepiandrosterone on its metabolites, some hormonal steroids and relevant proteohormones in healthy male volunteers. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2005;43(2):221-7. [PubMed:15843221 ]
  24. Shimizu I, Kohno N, Tamaki K, Shono M, Huang HW, He JH, Yao DF: Female hepatology: favorable role of estrogen in chronic liver disease with hepatitis B virus infection. World J Gastroenterol. 2007 Aug 28;13(32):4295-305. [PubMed:17708600 ]
  25. Friedman AE: Can a single model explain both breast cancer and prostate cancer? Theor Biol Med Model. 2007 Aug 1;4:28. [PubMed:17678531 ]
  26. Ishii H, Tsurugizawa T, Ogiue-Ikeda M, Asashima M, Mukai H, Murakami G, Hojo Y, Kimoto T, Kawato S: Local production of sex hormones and their modulation of hippocampal synaptic plasticity. Neuroscientist. 2007 Aug;13(4):323-34. [PubMed:17644764 ]
  27. Behl C, Widmann M, Trapp T, Holsboer F: 17-beta estradiol protects neurons from oxidative stress-induced cell death in vitro. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1995 Nov 13;216(2):473-82. [PubMed:7488136 ]
  28. Sharpe RM, Skakkebaek NE: Are oestrogens involved in falling sperm counts and disorders of the male reproductive tract? Lancet. 1993 May 29;341(8857):1392-5. [PubMed:8098802 ]
  29. Pentikainen V, Erkkila K, Suomalainen L, Parvinen M, Dunkel L: Estradiol acts as a germ cell survival factor in the human testis in vitro. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2000 May;85(5):2057-67. [PubMed:10843196 ]
  30. Schmidt JW, Wollner D, Curcio J, Riedlinger J, Kim LS: Hormone replacement therapy in menopausal women: Past problems and future possibilities. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2006 Oct;22(10):564-77. [PubMed:17135036 ]
  31. Foresta C, Zuccarello D, Biagioli A, De Toni L, Prana E, Nicoletti V, Ambrosini G, Ferlin A: Oestrogen stimulates endothelial progenitor cells via oestrogen receptor-alpha. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2007 Oct;67(4):520-5. Epub 2007 Jun 15. [PubMed:17573901 ]

Only showing the first 10 proteins. There are 66 proteins in total.

Enzymes

General function:
Involved in oxidoreductase activity
Specific function:
Capable of catalyzing the interconversion of testosterone and androstenedione, as well as estradiol and estrone. Also has 20-alpha-HSD activity. Uses NADH while EDH17B3 uses NADPH.
Gene Name:
HSD17B2
Uniprot ID:
P37059
Molecular weight:
42784.75
Reactions
Estradiol + NAD(P)(+) → Estrone + NAD(P)Hdetails
Estradiol + NAD → Estrone + NADH + Hydrogen Iondetails
Estradiol + NADP → Estrone + NADPH + Hydrogen Iondetails
General function:
Involved in transferase activity, transferring hexosyl groups
Specific function:
UDPGTs are of major importance in the conjugation and subsequent elimination of potentially toxic xenobiotics and endogenous compounds. This isozyme has glucuronidating capacity with steroid substrates such as 5-beta-androstane 3-alpha,17-beta-diol, estradiol, ADT, eugenol and bile acids. Only isoform 1 seems to be active.
Gene Name:
UGT2B28
Uniprot ID:
Q9BY64
Molecular weight:
38742.9
Reactions
Estradiol + Uridine diphosphate glucuronic acid → 17-beta-Estradiol-3-glucuronide + Uridine 5'-diphosphatedetails
General function:
Involved in sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity
Specific function:
Nuclear hormone receptor. Binds estrogens with an affinity similar to that of ESR1, and activates expression of reporter genes containing estrogen response elements (ERE) in an estrogen-dependent manner. Isoform beta-cx lacks ligand binding ability and has no or only very low ere binding activity resulting in the loss of ligand-dependent transactivation ability. DNA- binding by ESR1 and ESR2 is rapidly lost at 37 degrees Celsius in the absence of ligand while in the presence of 17 beta-estradiol and 4-hydroxy-tamoxifen loss in DNA-binding at elevated temperature is more gradual
Gene Name:
ESR2
Uniprot ID:
Q92731
Molecular weight:
59215.8
References
  1. Vijayanathan V, Greenfield NJ, Thomas TJ, Ivanova MM, Tyulmenkov VV, Klinge CM, Gallo MA, Thomas T: Effects of estradiol and 4-hydroxytamoxifen on the conformation, thermal stability, and DNA recognition of estrogen receptor beta. Biochem Cell Biol. 2007 Feb;85(1):1-10. [PubMed:17464340 ]
  2. Sasson S: Equilibrium binding analysis of estrogen agonists and antagonists: relation to the activation of the estrogen receptor. Pathol Biol (Paris). 1991 Jan;39(1):59-69. [PubMed:2011412 ]
General function:
Involved in oxidoreductase activity
Specific function:
NAD-dependent 17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase with highest activity towards estradiol. Has very low activity towards testosterone. The heteroteramer with CBR4 has NADH-dependent 3-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein reductase activity. May play a role in biosynthesis of fatty acids in mitochondria.
Gene Name:
HSD17B8
Uniprot ID:
Q92506
Molecular weight:
26973.56
Reactions
Estradiol + NAD(P)(+) → Estrone + NAD(P)Hdetails
Estradiol + NAD → Estrone + NADH + Hydrogen Iondetails
Estradiol + NADP → Estrone + NADPH + Hydrogen Iondetails
General function:
Involved in transferase activity, transferring hexosyl groups
Specific function:
UDPGTs are of major importance in the conjugation and subsequent elimination of potentially toxic xenobiotics and endogenous compounds. This isozyme is active on polyhydroxylated estrogens (such as estriol, 4-hydroxyestrone and 2-hydroxyestriol) and xenobiotics (such as 4-methylumbelliferone, 1-naphthol, 4-nitrophenol, 2-aminophenol, 4-hydroxybiphenyl and menthol). It is capable of 6 alpha-hydroxyglucuronidation of hyodeoxycholic acid.
Gene Name:
UGT2B4
Uniprot ID:
P06133
Molecular weight:
60512.035
Reactions
Estradiol + Uridine diphosphate glucuronic acid → 17-beta-Estradiol-3-glucuronide + Uridine 5'-diphosphatedetails
General function:
Involved in transferase activity, transferring hexosyl groups
Specific function:
UDPGT is of major importance in the conjugation and subsequent elimination of potentially toxic xenobiotics and endogenous compounds. This isoform glucuronidates bilirubin IX-alpha to form both the IX-alpha-C8 and IX-alpha-C12 monoconjugates and diconjugate.
Gene Name:
UGT1A4
Uniprot ID:
P22310
Molecular weight:
60024.535
Reactions
Estradiol + Uridine diphosphate glucuronic acid → 17-beta-Estradiol-3-glucuronide + Uridine 5'-diphosphatedetails
General function:
Involved in transferase activity, transferring hexosyl groups
Specific function:
UDPGT is of major importance in the conjugation and subsequent elimination of potentially toxic xenobiotics and endogenous compounds.
Gene Name:
UGT2B10
Uniprot ID:
P36537
Molecular weight:
60773.485
Reactions
Estradiol + Uridine diphosphate glucuronic acid → 17-beta-Estradiol-3-glucuronide + Uridine 5'-diphosphatedetails
General function:
Involved in transferase activity, transferring hexosyl groups
Specific function:
UDPGT is of major importance in the conjugation and subsequent elimination of potentially toxic xenobiotics and endogenous compounds. Its unique specificity for 3,4-catechol estrogens and estriol suggests it may play an important role in regulating the level and activity of these potent and active estrogen metabolites. Is also active with androsterone, hyodeoxycholic acid and tetrachlorocatechol (in vitro).
Gene Name:
UGT2B7
Uniprot ID:
P16662
Molecular weight:
60720.15
Reactions
Estradiol + Uridine diphosphate glucuronic acid → 17-beta-Estradiol-3-glucuronide + Uridine 5'-diphosphatedetails
General function:
Involved in transferase activity, transferring hexosyl groups
Specific function:
UDPGTs are of major importance in the conjugation and subsequent elimination of potentially toxic xenobiotics and endogenous compounds. This isozyme displays activity toward several classes of xenobiotic substrates, including simple phenolic compounds, 7-hydroxylated coumarins, flavonoids, anthraquinones, and certain drugs and their hydroxylated metabolites. It also catalyzes the glucuronidation of endogenous estrogens and androgens.
Gene Name:
UGT2B15
Uniprot ID:
P54855
Molecular weight:
61035.815
Reactions
Estradiol + Uridine diphosphate glucuronic acid → 17-beta-Estradiol-3-glucuronide + Uridine 5'-diphosphatedetails
General function:
Involved in transferase activity, transferring hexosyl groups
Specific function:
UDP-glucuronosyltransferases catalyze phase II biotransformation reactions in which lipophilic substrates are conjugated with glucuronic acid to increase water solubility and enhance excretion. They are of major importance in the conjugation and subsequent elimination of potentially toxic xenobiotics and endogenous compounds. Active on odorants and seems to be involved in olfaction; it could help clear lipophilic odorant molecules from the sensory epithelium.
Gene Name:
UGT2A1
Uniprot ID:
Q9Y4X1
Molecular weight:
60771.605
Reactions
Estradiol + Uridine diphosphate glucuronic acid → 17-beta-Estradiol-3-glucuronide + Uridine 5'-diphosphatedetails

Transporters

General function:
Involved in transporter activity
Specific function:
Mediates the Na(+)-independent transport of organic anions such as pravastatin, taurocholate, methotrexate, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, 17-beta-glucuronosyl estradiol, estrone sulfate, prostaglandin E2, thromboxane B2, leukotriene C3, leukotriene E4, thyroxine and triiodothyronine. May play an important role in the clearance of bile acids and organic anions from the liver
Gene Name:
SLCO1B1
Uniprot ID:
Q9Y6L6
Molecular weight:
76448.0
References
  1. Tamai I, Nozawa T, Koshida M, Nezu J, Sai Y, Tsuji A: Functional characterization of human organic anion transporting polypeptide B (OATP-B) in comparison with liver-specific OATP-C. Pharm Res. 2001 Sep;18(9):1262-9. [PubMed:11683238 ]
General function:
Involved in transporter activity
Specific function:
Mediates the Na(+)-independent transport of organic anions such as taurocholate, the prostaglandins PGD2, PGE1, PGE2, leukotriene C4, thromboxane B2 and iloprost
Gene Name:
SLCO2B1
Uniprot ID:
O94956
Molecular weight:
76697.9
References
  1. Tamai I, Nozawa T, Koshida M, Nezu J, Sai Y, Tsuji A: Functional characterization of human organic anion transporting polypeptide B (OATP-B) in comparison with liver-specific OATP-C. Pharm Res. 2001 Sep;18(9):1262-9. [PubMed:11683238 ]
General function:
Involved in ATP binding
Specific function:
Energy-dependent efflux pump responsible for decreased drug accumulation in multidrug-resistant cells
Gene Name:
ABCB1
Uniprot ID:
P08183
Molecular weight:
141477.3
References
  1. Rao US, Fine RL, Scarborough GA: Antiestrogens and steroid hormones: substrates of the human P-glycoprotein. Biochem Pharmacol. 1994 Jul 19;48(2):287-92. [PubMed:7914405 ]
  2. Kim WY, Benet LZ: P-glycoprotein (P-gp/MDR1)-mediated efflux of sex-steroid hormones and modulation of P-gp expression in vitro. Pharm Res. 2004 Jul;21(7):1284-93. [PubMed:15290871 ]
General function:
Involved in ATP binding
Specific function:
Xenobiotic transporter that may play an important role in the exclusion of xenobiotics from the brain. May be involved in brain-to-blood efflux. Appears to play a major role in the multidrug resistance phenotype of several cancer cell lines. When overexpressed, the transfected cells become resistant to mitoxantrone, daunorubicin and doxorubicin, display diminished intracellular accumulation of daunorubicin, and manifest an ATP- dependent increase in the efflux of rhodamine 123
Gene Name:
ABCG2
Uniprot ID:
Q9UNQ0
Molecular weight:
72313.5
References
  1. Imai Y, Asada S, Tsukahara S, Ishikawa E, Tsuruo T, Sugimoto Y: Breast cancer resistance protein exports sulfated estrogens but not free estrogens. Mol Pharmacol. 2003 Sep;64(3):610-8. [PubMed:12920197 ]
  2. Imai Y, Tsukahara S, Ishikawa E, Tsuruo T, Sugimoto Y: Estrone and 17beta-estradiol reverse breast cancer resistance protein-mediated multidrug resistance. Jpn J Cancer Res. 2002 Mar;93(3):231-5. [PubMed:11927002 ]
General function:
Involved in transporter activity
Specific function:
Mediates saturable uptake of estrone sulfate, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and related compounds
Gene Name:
SLC22A11
Uniprot ID:
Q9NSA0
Molecular weight:
59970.9
References
  1. Cha SH, Sekine T, Kusuhara H, Yu E, Kim JY, Kim DK, Sugiyama Y, Kanai Y, Endou H: Molecular cloning and characterization of multispecific organic anion transporter 4 expressed in the placenta. J Biol Chem. 2000 Feb 11;275(6):4507-12. [PubMed:10660625 ]
General function:
Involved in ion transmembrane transporter activity
Specific function:
Translocates a broad array of organic cations with various structures and molecular weights including the model compounds 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP), tetraethylammonium (TEA), N-1-methylnicotinamide (NMN), 4-(4-(dimethylamino)styryl)- N-methylpyridinium (ASP), the endogenous compounds choline, guanidine, histamine, epinephrine, adrenaline, noradrenaline and dopamine, and the drugs quinine, and metformin. The transport of organic cations is inhibited by a broad array of compounds like tetramethylammonium (TMA), cocaine, lidocaine, NMDA receptor antagonists, atropine, prazosin, cimetidine, TEA and NMN, guanidine, cimetidine, choline, procainamide, quinine, tetrabutylammonium, and tetrapentylammonium. Translocates organic cations in an electrogenic and pH-independent manner. Translocates organic cations across the plasma membrane in both directions. Transports the polyamines spermine and spermidine. Transports pramipexole across the basolateral membrane of the proximal tubular epithelial cells. The choline transport is activated by MMTS. Regulated by various intracellular signaling pathways including inhibition by protein kinase A activation, and endogenously activation by the calmodulin complex, the calmodulin- dependent kinase II and LCK tyrosine kinase
Gene Name:
SLC22A1
Uniprot ID:
O15245
Molecular weight:
61187.4
References
  1. Hayer-Zillgen M, Bruss M, Bonisch H: Expression and pharmacological profile of the human organic cation transporters hOCT1, hOCT2 and hOCT3. Br J Pharmacol. 2002 Jul;136(6):829-36. [PubMed:12110607 ]
  2. Wu X, Kekuda R, Huang W, Fei YJ, Leibach FH, Chen J, Conway SJ, Ganapathy V: Identity of the organic cation transporter OCT3 as the extraneuronal monoamine transporter (uptake2) and evidence for the expression of the transporter in the brain. J Biol Chem. 1998 Dec 4;273(49):32776-86. [PubMed:9830022 ]
General function:
Involved in transporter activity
Specific function:
Mediates the Na(+)-independent transport of organic anions such as sulfobromophthalein (BSP) and conjugated (taurocholate) and unconjugated (cholate) bile acids
Gene Name:
SLCO1A2
Uniprot ID:
P46721
Molecular weight:
74144.1
References
  1. Kanai N, Lu R, Bao Y, Wolkoff AW, Vore M, Schuster VL: Estradiol 17 beta-D-glucuronide is a high-affinity substrate for oatp organic anion transporter. Am J Physiol. 1996 Feb;270(2 Pt 2):F326-31. [PubMed:8779894 ]
  2. Bossuyt X, Muller M, Hagenbuch B, Meier PJ: Polyspecific drug and steroid clearance by an organic anion transporter of mammalian liver. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1996 Mar;276(3):891-6. [PubMed:8786566 ]
General function:
Involved in ion transmembrane transporter activity
Specific function:
Mediates tubular uptake of organic compounds from circulation. Mediates the influx of agmatine, dopamine, noradrenaline (norepinephrine), serotonin, choline, famotidine, ranitidine, histamin, creatinine, amantadine, memantine, acriflavine, 4-[4-(dimethylamino)-styryl]-N-methylpyridinium ASP, amiloride, metformin, N-1-methylnicotinamide (NMN), tetraethylammonium (TEA), 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP), cimetidine, cisplatin and oxaliplatin. Cisplatin may develop a nephrotoxic action. Transport of creatinine is inhibited by fluoroquinolones such as DX-619 and LVFX. This transporter is a major determinant of the anticancer activity of oxaliplatin and may contribute to antitumor specificity
Gene Name:
SLC22A2
Uniprot ID:
O15244
Molecular weight:
62564.0
References
  1. Hayer-Zillgen M, Bruss M, Bonisch H: Expression and pharmacological profile of the human organic cation transporters hOCT1, hOCT2 and hOCT3. Br J Pharmacol. 2002 Jul;136(6):829-36. [PubMed:12110607 ]
  2. Wu X, Kekuda R, Huang W, Fei YJ, Leibach FH, Chen J, Conway SJ, Ganapathy V: Identity of the organic cation transporter OCT3 as the extraneuronal monoamine transporter (uptake2) and evidence for the expression of the transporter in the brain. J Biol Chem. 1998 Dec 4;273(49):32776-86. [PubMed:9830022 ]
General function:
Involved in transmembrane transport
Specific function:
Mediates potential-dependent transport of a variety of organic cations. May play a significant role in the disposition of cationic neurotoxins and neurotransmitters in the brain
Gene Name:
SLC22A3
Uniprot ID:
O75751
Molecular weight:
61279.5
References
  1. Hayer-Zillgen M, Bruss M, Bonisch H: Expression and pharmacological profile of the human organic cation transporters hOCT1, hOCT2 and hOCT3. Br J Pharmacol. 2002 Jul;136(6):829-36. [PubMed:12110607 ]
  2. Wu X, Kekuda R, Huang W, Fei YJ, Leibach FH, Chen J, Conway SJ, Ganapathy V: Identity of the organic cation transporter OCT3 as the extraneuronal monoamine transporter (uptake2) and evidence for the expression of the transporter in the brain. J Biol Chem. 1998 Dec 4;273(49):32776-86. [PubMed:9830022 ]

Only showing the first 10 proteins. There are 66 proteins in total.