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Record Information
Version5.0
StatusDetected and Quantified
Creation Date2005-11-16 15:48:42 UTC
Update Date2021-11-15 21:04:28 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0000163
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB00163
Metabolite Identification
Common NameD-Maltose
DescriptionD-Maltose, also known as maltose, maltobiose or malt sugar, is a disaccharide formed from two units of glucose joined with an alpha (1‚Üí4) bond. Its name comes from malt, combined with the suffix '-ose' which is used in names of sugars. Maltose is a key structural motif of starch. When alpha-amylase breaks down starch, it removes two glucose units at a time, producing maltose. Maltose can be further broken down to glucose by the maltase enzyme, which catalyses the hydrolysis of the glycosidic bond. D-maltose exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. Within humans, D-maltose participates in a number of enzymatic reactions. In particular, maltose can be converted into glucose; which is mediated by the enzyme maltase-glucoamylase. In addition, maltose can be converted into glucose through its interaction with the enzyme glycogen debranching enzyme. Maltose is found in high concentrations in oriental wheats and in a lower concentrations in sweet potato, grape wines, yellow pond-lilies, sunflowers, and spinach. Maltose is a component of malt, a substance which is obtained in the process of allowing grain to soften in water and germinate. It is also present in highly variable quantities in partially hydrolysed starch products like maltodextrin, corn syrup and acid-thinned starch. Maltose has a sweet taste but is only about 30-60% as sweet as sucrose, depending on the concentration.
Structure
Thumb
Synonyms
Chemical FormulaC12H22O11
Average Molecular Weight342.2965
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight342.116211546
IUPAC Name(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-{[(2R,3S,4R,5S,6S)-4,5,6-trihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy}oxane-3,4,5-triol
Traditional Name(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-{[(2R,3S,4R,5S,6S)-4,5,6-trihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy}oxane-3,4,5-triol
CAS Registry Number69-79-4
SMILES
OC[C@H]1O[C@H](O[C@H]2[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)O[C@@H]2CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C12H22O11/c13-1-3-5(15)6(16)9(19)12(22-3)23-10-4(2-14)21-11(20)8(18)7(10)17/h3-20H,1-2H2/t3-,4-,5-,6+,7-,8+,9-,10-,11+,12-/m1/s1
InChI KeyGUBGYTABKSRVRQ-DKBJLJRDSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as o-glycosyl compounds. These are glycoside in which a sugar group is bonded through one carbon to another group via a O-glycosidic bond.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganic oxygen compounds
ClassOrganooxygen compounds
Sub ClassCarbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates
Direct ParentO-glycosyl compounds
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • O-glycosyl compound
  • Disaccharide
  • Oxane
  • Secondary alcohol
  • Hemiacetal
  • Oxacycle
  • Organoheterocyclic compound
  • Polyol
  • Acetal
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Primary alcohol
  • Alcohol
  • Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic heteromonocyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
Not AvailableNot Available
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting Point102 - 103 °CNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water Solubility780 mg/mLNot Available
LogPNot AvailableNot Available
Experimental Chromatographic Properties

Experimental Collision Cross Sections

Adduct TypeData SourceCCS Value (Å2)Reference
[M-H]-Baker205.930932474
Predicted Molecular Properties
Predicted Chromatographic Properties
Spectra
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Cytoplasm
  • Extracellular
  • Lysosome
Biospecimen Locations
  • Blood
  • Feces
  • Sweat
  • Urine
Tissue Locations
  • Kidney
  • Liver
  • Placenta
  • Platelet
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
Abnormal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodDetected and Quantified1169.0 +/- 526.0 uMAdult (>18 years old)BothPeritoneal dialysis details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)BothColorectal Cancer details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Colorectal cancer
details
UrineDetected and Quantified8.332 +/- 5.36 umol/mmol creatinineChildren (1 - 13 years old)Not Specified
Eosinophilic esophagitis
    • Analysis of 30 no...
details
UrineDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)BothBladder cancer details
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease References
Peritoneal dialysis
  1. Garcia-Lopez E, Anderstam B, Heimburger O, Amici G, Werynski A, Lindholm B: Determination of high and low molecular weight molecules of icodextrin in plasma and dialysate, using gel filtration chromatography, in peritoneal dialysis patients. Perit Dial Int. 2005 Mar-Apr;25(2):181-91. [PubMed:15796147 ]
Colorectal cancer
  1. Brown DG, Rao S, Weir TL, O'Malia J, Bazan M, Brown RJ, Ryan EP: Metabolomics and metabolic pathway networks from human colorectal cancers, adjacent mucosa, and stool. Cancer Metab. 2016 Jun 6;4:11. doi: 10.1186/s40170-016-0151-y. eCollection 2016. [PubMed:27275383 ]
  2. Goedert JJ, Sampson JN, Moore SC, Xiao Q, Xiong X, Hayes RB, Ahn J, Shi J, Sinha R: Fecal metabolomics: assay performance and association with colorectal cancer. Carcinogenesis. 2014 Sep;35(9):2089-96. doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgu131. Epub 2014 Jul 18. [PubMed:25037050 ]
Eosinophilic esophagitis
  1. Slae, M., Huynh, H., Wishart, D.S. (2014). Analysis of 30 normal pediatric urine samples via NMR spectroscopy (unpublished work). NA.
Associated OMIM IDs
DrugBank IDNot Available
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDFDB001193
KNApSAcK IDC00001140
Chemspider ID9166684
KEGG Compound IDC00208
BioCyc IDNot Available
BiGG ID34261
Wikipedia LinkMaltose
METLIN ID413
PubChem Compound10991489
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID47937
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDMALT
MarkerDB IDNot Available
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferencePedersen, Sven; Vang Hendriksen, Hanne. Method for production of maltose and/or enzymatically modified starch. PCT Int. Appl. (2001), 99 pp.
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
General References

Enzymes

General function:
Involved in catalytic activity
Specific function:
Multifunctional enzyme acting as 1,4-alpha-D-glucan:1,4-alpha-D-glucan 4-alpha-D-glycosyltransferase and amylo-1,6-glucosidase in glycogen degradation.
Gene Name:
AGL
Uniprot ID:
P35573
Molecular weight:
Not Available
General function:
Involved in catalytic activity
Specific function:
Essential for the degradation of glygogen to glucose in lysosomes.
Gene Name:
GAA
Uniprot ID:
P10253
Molecular weight:
Not Available
Reactions
D-Maltose + Water → alpha-D-Glucosedetails
General function:
Involved in catalytic activity
Specific function:
Not Available
Gene Name:
AMY1A
Uniprot ID:
P04745
Molecular weight:
Not Available
General function:
Involved in catalytic activity
Specific function:
Not Available
Gene Name:
AMY2B
Uniprot ID:
P19961
Molecular weight:
Not Available
References
  1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [PubMed:17139284 ]
  2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [PubMed:17016423 ]
  3. Berman HM, Westbrook J, Feng Z, Gilliland G, Bhat TN, Weissig H, Shindyalov IN, Bourne PE: The Protein Data Bank. Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 Jan 1;28(1):235-42. [PubMed:10592235 ]
General function:
Involved in catalytic activity
Specific function:
May serve as an alternate pathway for starch digestion when luminal alpha-amylase activity is reduced because of immaturity or malnutrition. May play a unique role in the digestion of malted dietary oligosaccharides used in food manufacturing.
Gene Name:
MGAM
Uniprot ID:
O43451
Molecular weight:
Not Available
Reactions
D-Maltose + Water → alpha-D-Glucosedetails
General function:
Involved in catalytic activity
Specific function:
Has alpha-glucosidase activity.
Gene Name:
GANC
Uniprot ID:
Q8TET4
Molecular weight:
Not Available
Reactions
D-Maltose + Water → alpha-D-Glucosedetails