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Record Information
Version5.0
StatusDetected and Quantified
Creation Date2005-11-16 15:48:42 UTC
Update Date2022-03-07 02:49:00 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0000258
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB00258
  • HMDB0125600
Metabolite Identification
Common NameSucrose
DescriptionSucrose is a nonreducing disaccharide composed of glucose and fructose linked via their anomeric carbons. It is obtained commercially from sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum), sugar beet (Beta vulgaris), and other plants and used extensively as a food and a sweetener. Sucrose is derived by crushing and extracting sugarcane with water or by extracting sugar beet with water, evaporating, and purifying with lime, carbon, and various liquids. Sucrose is also obtainable from sorghum. Sucrose occurs in low percentages in honey and maple syrup. Sucrose is used as a sweetener in foods and soft drinks, in the manufacture of syrups, in invert sugar, confectionery, preserves and jams, demulcent, pharmaceutical products, and caramel. Sucrose is also a chemical intermediate for detergents, emulsifying agents, and other sucrose derivatives. Sucrose is widespread in the seeds, leaves, fruits, flowers, and roots of plants, where it functions as an energy store for metabolism and as a carbon source for biosynthesis. The annual world production of sucrose is in excess of 90 million tons mainly from the juice of sugar cane (20%) and sugar beet (17%). In addition to its use as a sweetener, sucrose is used in food products as a preservative, antioxidant, moisture control agent, stabilizer, and thickening agent. BioTransformer predicts that sucrose is a product of 6-O-sinapoyl sucrose metabolism via a hydrolysis-of-carboxylic-acid-ester-pattern1 reaction occurring in human gut microbiota and catalyzed by the liver carboxylesterase 1 (P23141) enzyme (PMID: 30612223 ).
Structure
Thumb
Synonyms
Chemical FormulaC12H22O11
Average Molecular Weight342.2965
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight342.116211546
IUPAC Name(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-{[(2S,3S,4S,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy}-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol
Traditional Namesucrose
CAS Registry Number57-50-1
SMILES
OC[C@H]1O[C@@](CO)(O[C@H]2O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]2O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C12H22O11/c13-1-4-6(16)8(18)9(19)11(21-4)23-12(3-15)10(20)7(17)5(2-14)22-12/h4-11,13-20H,1-3H2/t4-,5-,6-,7-,8+,9-,10+,11-,12+/m1/s1
InChI KeyCZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as o-glycosyl compounds. These are glycoside in which a sugar group is bonded through one carbon to another group via a O-glycosidic bond.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganic oxygen compounds
ClassOrganooxygen compounds
Sub ClassCarbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates
Direct ParentO-glycosyl compounds
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • O-glycosyl compound
  • Disaccharide
  • C-glycosyl compound
  • Ketal
  • Oxane
  • Tetrahydrofuran
  • Secondary alcohol
  • Oxacycle
  • Organoheterocyclic compound
  • Polyol
  • Acetal
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Primary alcohol
  • Alcohol
  • Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic heteromonocyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
Physiological effect
Disposition
Biological locationRoute of exposureSource
Process
Role
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting Point185.5 °CNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water Solubility2100 mg/mLNot Available
LogP-3.70HANSCH,C ET AL. (1995)
Experimental Chromatographic Properties

Experimental Collision Cross Sections

Adduct TypeData SourceCCS Value (Å2)Reference
[M-H]-Astarita_neg164.730932474
[M-H]-Baker168.46730932474
[M-H]-Not Available168.3http://allccs.zhulab.cn/database/detail?ID=AllCCS00000410
Predicted Molecular Properties
Predicted Chromatographic Properties
Spectra
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Extracellular
Biospecimen Locations
  • Blood
  • Feces
  • Saliva
  • Sweat
  • Urine
Tissue Locations
  • Adipose Tissue
  • Bladder
  • Epidermis
  • Fibroblasts
  • Intestine
  • Kidney
  • Neuron
  • Placenta
  • Platelet
  • Prostate
  • Skeletal Muscle
  • Spleen
  • Testis
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
Abnormal Concentrations
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease References
Colorectal cancer
  1. Brown DG, Rao S, Weir TL, O'Malia J, Bazan M, Brown RJ, Ryan EP: Metabolomics and metabolic pathway networks from human colorectal cancers, adjacent mucosa, and stool. Cancer Metab. 2016 Jun 6;4:11. doi: 10.1186/s40170-016-0151-y. eCollection 2016. [PubMed:27275383 ]
  2. Goedert JJ, Sampson JN, Moore SC, Xiao Q, Xiong X, Hayes RB, Ahn J, Shi J, Sinha R: Fecal metabolomics: assay performance and association with colorectal cancer. Carcinogenesis. 2014 Sep;35(9):2089-96. doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgu131. Epub 2014 Jul 18. [PubMed:25037050 ]
Crohn's disease
  1. Kolho KL, Pessia A, Jaakkola T, de Vos WM, Velagapudi V: Faecal and Serum Metabolomics in Paediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease. J Crohns Colitis. 2017 Mar 1;11(3):321-334. doi: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjw158. [PubMed:27609529 ]
Ulcerative colitis
  1. Kolho KL, Pessia A, Jaakkola T, de Vos WM, Velagapudi V: Faecal and Serum Metabolomics in Paediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease. J Crohns Colitis. 2017 Mar 1;11(3):321-334. doi: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjw158. [PubMed:27609529 ]
Sepsis
  1. Stewart CJ, Embleton ND, Marrs ECL, Smith DP, Fofanova T, Nelson A, Skeath T, Perry JD, Petrosino JF, Berrington JE, Cummings SP: Longitudinal development of the gut microbiome and metabolome in preterm neonates with late onset sepsis and healthy controls. Microbiome. 2017 Jul 12;5(1):75. doi: 10.1186/s40168-017-0295-1. [PubMed:28701177 ]
Attachment loss
  1. Liebsch C, Pitchika V, Pink C, Samietz S, Kastenmuller G, Artati A, Suhre K, Adamski J, Nauck M, Volzke H, Friedrich N, Kocher T, Holtfreter B, Pietzner M: The Saliva Metabolome in Association to Oral Health Status. J Dent Res. 2019 Jun;98(6):642-651. doi: 10.1177/0022034519842853. Epub 2019 Apr 26. [PubMed:31026179 ]
Periodontal Probing Depth
  1. Liebsch C, Pitchika V, Pink C, Samietz S, Kastenmuller G, Artati A, Suhre K, Adamski J, Nauck M, Volzke H, Friedrich N, Kocher T, Holtfreter B, Pietzner M: The Saliva Metabolome in Association to Oral Health Status. J Dent Res. 2019 Jun;98(6):642-651. doi: 10.1177/0022034519842853. Epub 2019 Apr 26. [PubMed:31026179 ]
Lung Cancer
  1. Stretch C, Eastman T, Mandal R, Eisner R, Wishart DS, Mourtzakis M, Prado CM, Damaraju S, Ball RO, Greiner R, Baracos VE: Prediction of skeletal muscle and fat mass in patients with advanced cancer using a metabolomic approach. J Nutr. 2012 Jan;142(1):14-21. doi: 10.3945/jn.111.147751. Epub 2011 Dec 7. [PubMed:22157537 ]
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease
  1. Gronwald W, Klein MS, Zeltner R, Schulze BD, Reinhold SW, Deutschmann M, Immervoll AK, Boger CA, Banas B, Eckardt KU, Oefner PJ: Detection of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease by NMR spectroscopic fingerprinting of urine. Kidney Int. 2011 Jun;79(11):1244-53. doi: 10.1038/ki.2011.30. Epub 2011 Mar 9. [PubMed:21389975 ]
Eosinophilic esophagitis
  1. Slae, M., Huynh, H., Wishart, D.S. (2014). Analysis of 30 normal pediatric urine samples via NMR spectroscopy (unpublished work). NA.
Associated OMIM IDs
DrugBank IDDB02772
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDFDB003715
KNApSAcK IDC00001151
Chemspider IDNot Available
KEGG Compound IDC00089
BioCyc IDSUCROSE
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkSucrose
METLIN IDNot Available
PubChem Compound5988
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID17992
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDSUCR
MarkerDB IDNot Available
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceFitremann, Juliette; Queneau, Yves; Maitre, Jean-Paul; Bouchu, Alain. Co-melting of solid sucrose and multivalent cation soaps for solvent-free synthesis of sucrose esters. Tetrahedron Letters (2007), 48(23), 4111-4114.
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
General References

Enzymes

General function:
Involved in catalytic activity
Specific function:
Plays an important role in the final stage of carbohydrate digestion. Isomaltase activity is specific for both alpha-1,4- and alpha-1,6-oligosaccharides.
Gene Name:
SI
Uniprot ID:
P14410
Molecular weight:
Not Available
Reactions
Sucrose + Water → D-Fructose + D-Glucosedetails
Sucrose + Water → D-Fructose + alpha-D-Glucosedetails
General function:
Involved in sulfotransferase activity
Specific function:
Sulfotransferase that utilizes 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate (PAPS) as sulfonate donor to catalyze the sulfate conjugation of many hormones, neurotransmitters, drugs and xenobiotic compounds. Sulfonation increases the water solubility of most compounds, and therefore their renal excretion, but it can also result in bioactivation to form active metabolites. Sulfates hydroxysteroids like DHEA. Isoform 1 preferentially sulfonates cholesterol, and isoform 2 avidly sulfonates pregnenolone but not cholesterol.
Gene Name:
SULT2B1
Uniprot ID:
O00204
Molecular weight:
39598.595
Reactions
Sucrose → {[3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-{[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}oxolan-2-yl]methoxy}sulfonic aciddetails
Sucrose → {[3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-5-{[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}oxolan-2-yl]methoxy}sulfonic aciddetails
Sucrose → [4-hydroxy-2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-5-{[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}oxolan-3-yl]oxidanesulfonic aciddetails
Sucrose → [4-hydroxy-2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2-{[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}oxolan-3-yl]oxidanesulfonic aciddetails
General function:
Involved in transferase activity, transferring hexosyl groups
Specific function:
UDPGT is of major importance in the conjugation and subsequent elimination of potentially toxic xenobiotics and endogenous compounds. This isoform glucuronidates bilirubin IX-alpha to form both the IX-alpha-C8 and IX-alpha-C12 monoconjugates and diconjugate. Is also able to catalyze the glucuronidation of 17beta-estradiol, 17alpha-ethinylestradiol, 1-hydroxypyrene, 4-methylumbelliferone, 1-naphthol, paranitrophenol, scopoletin, and umbelliferone.
Gene Name:
UGT1A1
Uniprot ID:
P22309
Molecular weight:
59590.91
Reactions
Sucrose → 6-[(6-{[3,4-dihydroxy-2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy}-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl)methoxy]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxane-2-carboxylic aciddetails
Sucrose → 3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-{[4-hydroxy-2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-5-{[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}oxolan-3-yl]oxy}oxane-2-carboxylic aciddetails
Sucrose → 3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-{[4-hydroxy-2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2-{[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}oxolan-3-yl]oxy}oxane-2-carboxylic aciddetails
Sucrose → 6-[(2-{[3,4-dihydroxy-2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy}-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl)oxy]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxane-2-carboxylic aciddetails
Sucrose → 6-[(2-{[3,4-dihydroxy-2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy}-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl)oxy]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxane-2-carboxylic aciddetails
Sucrose → 6-[(6-{[3,4-dihydroxy-2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy}-4,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl)oxy]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxane-2-carboxylic aciddetails
Sucrose → 6-{[3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-{[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}oxolan-2-yl]methoxy}-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxane-2-carboxylic aciddetails
Sucrose → 6-{[3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-5-{[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}oxolan-2-yl]methoxy}-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxane-2-carboxylic aciddetails
General function:
Involved in catalytic activity
Specific function:
Not Available
Gene Name:
GLA
Uniprot ID:
P06280
Molecular weight:
Not Available
Reactions
Raffinose + Water → beta-D-Galactose + Sucrosedetails
General function:
Involved in catalytic activity
Specific function:
Essential for the degradation of glygogen to glucose in lysosomes.
Gene Name:
GAA
Uniprot ID:
P10253
Molecular weight:
Not Available
Reactions
Sucrose + Water → D-Fructose + D-Glucosedetails
Sucrose + Water → D-Fructose + alpha-D-Glucosedetails
General function:
Involved in catalytic activity
Specific function:
May serve as an alternate pathway for starch digestion when luminal alpha-amylase activity is reduced because of immaturity or malnutrition. May play a unique role in the digestion of malted dietary oligosaccharides used in food manufacturing.
Gene Name:
MGAM
Uniprot ID:
O43451
Molecular weight:
Not Available
Reactions
Sucrose + Water → D-Fructose + D-Glucosedetails
Sucrose + Water → D-Fructose + alpha-D-Glucosedetails
General function:
Involved in catalytic activity
Specific function:
Has alpha-glucosidase activity.
Gene Name:
GANC
Uniprot ID:
Q8TET4
Molecular weight:
Not Available
Reactions
Sucrose + Water → D-Fructose + D-Glucosedetails
Sucrose + Water → D-Fructose + alpha-D-Glucosedetails