Hmdb loader
Show more accession numbersShow more...Show more...Show more...Show more...Show more...
Record Information
Version5.0
StatusDetected and Quantified
Creation Date2005-11-16 15:48:42 UTC
Update Date2022-09-22 18:34:12 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0000354
Secondary Accession Numbers
Metabolite Identification
Common Name2-Methyl-3-hydroxybutyric acid
Description3-Hydroxy-2-methyl-butanoic acid (HMBA) is a normal urinary metabolite involved in the isoleucine catabolism, as well as presumably beta-oxidation of fatty acids and ketogenesis, excreted in abnormally high amounts in beta-ketothiolase deficiency, which is a genetic disorder. Differences in the enantiomeric ratio of HMBA may originate from the enantioselectivity of different enzyme systems (PMID 10755375 ).
Structure
Data?1582752125
Synonyms
ValueSource
2-Methyl-3-hydroxybutanoic acidChEBI
3-Hydroxy-2-methylbutyric acidChEBI
2-Methyl-3-hydroxybutanoateGenerator
3-Hydroxy-2-methylbutyrateGenerator
2-Methyl-3-hydroxybutyrateGenerator
3-Hydroxy-2-methyl-butyrateHMDB
3-Hydroxy-2-methyl-butyric acidHMDB
3-Hydroxy-2-methylbutanoateHMDB
3-Hydroxy-2-methylbutanoic acidHMDB
a-Methyl-b-hydroxybutyrateHMDB
a-Methyl-b-hydroxybutyric acidHMDB
alpha-Methyl-beta-hydroxybutyrateHMDB
alpha-Methyl-beta-hydroxybutyric acidHMDB
NilateHMDB
Nilic acidHMDB
2-Methyl-3-hydroxybutyric acid, (R-(r*,s*))-isomerHMDB
Chemical FormulaC5H10O3
Average Molecular Weight118.1311
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight118.062994186
IUPAC Name3-hydroxy-2-methylbutanoic acid
Traditional Namenilic acid
CAS Registry Number473-86-9
SMILES
CC(O)C(C)C(O)=O
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C5H10O3/c1-3(4(2)6)5(7)8/h3-4,6H,1-2H3,(H,7,8)
InChI KeyVEXDRERIMPLZLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as hydroxy fatty acids. These are fatty acids in which the chain bears a hydroxyl group.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassLipids and lipid-like molecules
ClassFatty Acyls
Sub ClassFatty acids and conjugates
Direct ParentHydroxy fatty acids
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Beta-hydroxy acid
  • Branched fatty acid
  • Hydroxy fatty acid
  • Short-chain hydroxy acid
  • Methyl-branched fatty acid
  • Hydroxy acid
  • Secondary alcohol
  • Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
  • Carboxylic acid
  • Carboxylic acid derivative
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Alcohol
  • Carbonyl group
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organic oxide
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Aliphatic acyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic acyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
Physiological effectNot Available
Disposition
Process
Role
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting PointNot AvailableNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water SolubilityNot AvailableNot Available
LogPNot AvailableNot Available
Experimental Chromatographic PropertiesNot Available
Predicted Molecular Properties
Predicted Chromatographic Properties
Spectra
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Cytoplasm (predicted from logP)
Biospecimen Locations
  • Blood
  • Urine
Tissue LocationsNot Available
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
Abnormal Concentrations
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease References
Beta-ketothiolase deficiency
  1. Fukao T, Maruyama S, Ohura T, Hasegawa Y, Toyoshima M, Haapalainen AM, Kuwada N, Imamura M, Yuasa I, Wierenga RK, Yamaguchi S, Kondo N: Three Japanese Patients with Beta-Ketothiolase Deficiency Who Share a Mutation, c.431A>C (H144P) in ACAT1 : Subtle Abnormality in Urinary Organic Acid Analysis and Blood Acylcarnitine Analysis Using Tandem Mass Spectrometry. JIMD Rep. 2012;3:107-15. doi: 10.1007/8904_2011_72. Epub 2011 Sep 6. [PubMed:23430882 ]
  2. Scolamiero E, Cozzolino C, Albano L, Ansalone A, Caterino M, Corbo G, di Girolamo MG, Di Stefano C, Durante A, Franzese G, Franzese I, Gallo G, Giliberti P, Ingenito L, Ippolito G, Malamisura B, Mazzeo P, Norma A, Ombrone D, Parenti G, Pellecchia S, Pecce R, Pierucci I, Romanelli R, Rossi A, Siano M, Stoduto T, Villani GR, Andria G, Salvatore F, Frisso G, Ruoppolo M: Targeted metabolomics in the expanded newborn screening for inborn errors of metabolism. Mol Biosyst. 2015 Jun;11(6):1525-35. doi: 10.1039/c4mb00729h. [PubMed:25689098 ]
  3. G.Frauendienst-Egger, Friedrich K. Trefz (2017). MetaGene: Metabolic & Genetic Information Center (MIC: http://www.metagene.de). METAGENE consortium.
Ketosis
  1. B. Middleton et al. (1986). B. Middleton et al. 3-Ketothiolase deficiency. Eur J Pediatr (1986) 144:586-589. Eur J Pediatr.
Propionic acidemia
  1. Riemersma M, Hazebroek MR, Helderman-van den Enden ATJM, Salomons GS, Ferdinandusse S, Brouwers MCGJ, van der Ploeg L, Heymans S, Glatz JFC, van den Wijngaard A, Krapels IPC, Bierau J, Brunner HG: Propionic acidemia as a cause of adult-onset dilated cardiomyopathy. Eur J Hum Genet. 2017 Nov;25(11):1195-1201. doi: 10.1038/ejhg.2017.127. Epub 2017 Aug 30. [PubMed:28853722 ]
2-Methyl-3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency
  1. Perez-Cerda C, Garcia-Villoria J, Ofman R, Sala PR, Merinero B, Ramos J, Garcia-Silva MT, Beseler B, Dalmau J, Wanders RJ, Ugarte M, Ribes A: 2-Methyl-3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase (MHBD) deficiency: an X-linked inborn error of isoleucine metabolism that may mimic a mitochondrial disease. Pediatr Res. 2005 Sep;58(3):488-91. [PubMed:16148061 ]
Associated OMIM IDs
  • 203750 (Beta-ketothiolase deficiency)
  • 606054 (Propionic acidemia)
  • 300438 (2-Methyl-3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency)
DrugBank IDNot Available
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDFDB021977
KNApSAcK IDNot Available
Chemspider ID141015
KEGG Compound IDNot Available
BioCyc IDNot Available
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkNot Available
METLIN ID3786
PubChem Compound160471
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID37051
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDNot Available
MarkerDB IDMDB00000151
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceInoue, Yoshio; Sano, Fumitaka; Nakamura, Kazuhiro; Yoshie, Naoko; Saito, Yuji; Satoh, Hiroyasu; Mino, Takashi; Matsuo, Tomonori; Doi, Yoshiharu. Microstructure of copoly(3-hydroxyalkanoates) produced in the anaerobic-aerobic activated sludge process. Polymer International (1996), 39(3), 183-9.
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
General References
  1. Guneral F, Bachmann C: Age-related reference values for urinary organic acids in a healthy Turkish pediatric population. Clin Chem. 1994 Jun;40(6):862-6. [PubMed:8087979 ]
  2. Landaas S: Accumulation of 3-hydroxyisobutyric acid, 2-methyl-3-hydroxybutyric acid and 3-hydroxyisovaleric acid in ketoacidosis. Clin Chim Acta. 1975 Oct 15;64(2):143-54. [PubMed:126826 ]
  3. Jakobs C, Sweetman L, Nyhan WL: Hydroxy acid metabolites of branched-chain amino acids in amniotic fluid. Clin Chim Acta. 1984 Jul 16;140(2):157-66. [PubMed:6467607 ]
  4. Heil M, Podebrad F, Prado E, Beck T, Mosand A, Sewell AC, Bohles H, Lehnert W: Enantioselective analysis of ketone bodies in patients with beta-ketothiolase deficiency, medium-chain acyl coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency and ketonemic vomiting. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl. 2000 Mar 10;739(2):313-24. [PubMed:10755375 ]
  5. Sutton VR, O'Brien WE, Clark GD, Kim J, Wanders RJ: 3-Hydroxy-2-methylbutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency. J Inherit Metab Dis. 2003;26(1):69-71. [PubMed:12872843 ]

Enzymes

General function:
Involved in sulfotransferase activity
Specific function:
Sulfotransferase that utilizes 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate (PAPS) as sulfonate donor to catalyze the sulfate conjugation of many hormones, neurotransmitters, drugs and xenobiotic compounds. Sulfonation increases the water solubility of most compounds, and therefore their renal excretion, but it can also result in bioactivation to form active metabolites. Sulfates hydroxysteroids like DHEA. Isoform 1 preferentially sulfonates cholesterol, and isoform 2 avidly sulfonates pregnenolone but not cholesterol.
Gene Name:
SULT2B1
Uniprot ID:
O00204
Molecular weight:
39598.595
Reactions
2-Methyl-3-hydroxybutyric acid → 2-methyl-3-(sulfooxy)butanoic aciddetails
General function:
Involved in transferase activity, transferring hexosyl groups
Specific function:
UDPGT is of major importance in the conjugation and subsequent elimination of potentially toxic xenobiotics and endogenous compounds. This isoform glucuronidates bilirubin IX-alpha to form both the IX-alpha-C8 and IX-alpha-C12 monoconjugates and diconjugate. Is also able to catalyze the glucuronidation of 17beta-estradiol, 17alpha-ethinylestradiol, 1-hydroxypyrene, 4-methylumbelliferone, 1-naphthol, paranitrophenol, scopoletin, and umbelliferone.
Gene Name:
UGT1A1
Uniprot ID:
P22309
Molecular weight:
59590.91
Reactions
2-Methyl-3-hydroxybutyric acid → 6-[(1-carboxy-1-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxane-2-carboxylic aciddetails
2-Methyl-3-hydroxybutyric acid → 3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[(3-hydroxy-2-methylbutanoyl)oxy]oxane-2-carboxylic aciddetails