Hmdb loader
Show more...Show more...Show more...Show more...Show more...
Record Information
Version5.0
StatusDetected and Quantified
Creation Date2005-11-16 15:48:42 UTC
Update Date2023-05-30 20:56:01 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0000450
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB0006827
  • HMDB00450
  • HMDB06827
Metabolite Identification
Common Name5-Hydroxylysine
Description5-Hydroxylysine (Hyl), also known as hydroxylysine or 5-Hydroxy-L-lysine, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as L-alpha-amino acids. These are alpha amino acids which have the L-configuration of the alpha-carbon atom. Amino acids are organic compounds that contain amino (-NH2) and carboxyl (-COOH) functional groups, along with a side chain (R group) specific to each amino acid. 5-Hydroxylysine is a hydroxylated derivative of the amino acid lysine that is present in certain collagens, the chief structural protein of mammalian skin and connective tissue. 5-Hydroxylysine arises from a post-translational hydroxy modification of lysine and is biosynthesized from lysine via oxidation by lysyl hydroxylase enzymes. 5-Hydroxylysine can then undergo further modification by glycosylation, giving rise to galactosyl hydroxylysine (GH) and glucosylgalactosyl hydroxylysine (GGH). These glycosylated forms of hydroxylysine contribute to collagen’s unusual toughness and resiliency. The monoglycosylated, galactosyl-hydroxylysine is enriched in bone compared with the disaccharide form, glucosyl-galactosyl-hydroxylysine, which is the major form in skin. 5-Hydroxylysine exists in all eukaryotes, ranging from yeast to humans. It was first discovered in 1921 by Donald Van Slyke. Free forms of hydroxylysine arise through proteolytic degradation of collagen. Urinary excretion of 5-Hydroxylysine and its glycosides can be used as an index of collagen degradation, with high levels being indicative of more rapid or extensive collagen degradation (often seen in patients with thermal burns, Paget's disease of bone or hyperphosphatasia) (PMID: 404321 ).
Structure
Thumb
Synonyms
Chemical FormulaC6H14N2O3
Average Molecular Weight162.187
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight162.100442324
IUPAC Name(2S,5R)-2,6-diamino-5-hydroxyhexanoic acid
Traditional NameL-hydroxylysine
CAS Registry Number1190-94-9
SMILES
NC[C@H](O)CC[C@H](N)C(O)=O
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C6H14N2O3/c7-3-4(9)1-2-5(8)6(10)11/h4-5,9H,1-3,7-8H2,(H,10,11)/t4-,5+/m1/s1
InChI KeyYSMODUONRAFBET-UHNVWZDZSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as l-alpha-amino acids. These are alpha amino acids which have the L-configuration of the alpha-carbon atom.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganic acids and derivatives
ClassCarboxylic acids and derivatives
Sub ClassAmino acids, peptides, and analogues
Direct ParentL-alpha-amino acids
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • L-alpha-amino acid
  • Medium-chain fatty acid
  • Amino fatty acid
  • Hydroxy fatty acid
  • Fatty acyl
  • Fatty acid
  • 1,2-aminoalcohol
  • Amino acid
  • Secondary alcohol
  • Carboxylic acid
  • Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Primary amine
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Primary aliphatic amine
  • Organic oxide
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Carbonyl group
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Amine
  • Alcohol
  • Aliphatic acyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic acyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
Physiological effectNot Available
Disposition
Biological locationRoute of exposureSource
ProcessNot Available
Role
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting PointNot AvailableNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water Solubility23 mg/mLNot Available
LogPNot AvailableNot Available
Experimental Chromatographic Properties

Experimental Collision Cross Sections

Adduct TypeData SourceCCS Value (Å2)Reference
[M-H]-Not Available133.4http://allccs.zhulab.cn/database/detail?ID=AllCCS00000015
[M+H]+Not Available135.1http://allccs.zhulab.cn/database/detail?ID=AllCCS00000015
Predicted Molecular Properties
Predicted Chromatographic Properties
Spectra
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Cytoplasm
Biospecimen Locations
  • Blood
  • Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
  • Feces
  • Urine
Tissue Locations
  • Placenta
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
Abnormal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodDetected and Quantified0.50 +/- 0.028 uMElderly (>65 years old)BothAlzheimer's disease details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Colorectal cancer
details
UrineDetected and Quantified20.963 umol/mmol creatinineAdolescent (13-18 years old)MaleHydroxylysinuria details
UrineDetected and Quantified7.262 +/- 2.023 umol/mmol creatinineChildren (1 - 13 years old)Not Specified
Eosinophilic esophagitis
    • Analysis of 30 no...
details
UrineDetected and Quantified5.507-7.110 umol/mmol creatinineAdolescent (13-18 years old)MaleHydroxylysinuria details
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease References
Alzheimer's disease
  1. Fonteh AN, Harrington RJ, Tsai A, Liao P, Harrington MG: Free amino acid and dipeptide changes in the body fluids from Alzheimer's disease subjects. Amino Acids. 2007 Feb;32(2):213-24. Epub 2006 Oct 10. [PubMed:17031479 ]
Colorectal cancer
  1. Goedert JJ, Sampson JN, Moore SC, Xiao Q, Xiong X, Hayes RB, Ahn J, Shi J, Sinha R: Fecal metabolomics: assay performance and association with colorectal cancer. Carcinogenesis. 2014 Sep;35(9):2089-96. doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgu131. Epub 2014 Jul 18. [PubMed:25037050 ]
Eosinophilic esophagitis
  1. Slae, M., Huynh, H., Wishart, D.S. (2014). Analysis of 30 normal pediatric urine samples via NMR spectroscopy (unpublished work). NA.
Hydroxylysinuria
  1. Hoefnagel D, Pomeroy J: Hydroxylysinuria. Lancet. 1970 Jun 20;760(1):1342-3. [PubMed:4194840 ]
Associated OMIM IDs
DrugBank IDNot Available
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDFDB012682
KNApSAcK IDNot Available
Chemspider ID2297721
KEGG Compound IDC16741
BioCyc IDCPD-14226
BiGG ID53055
Wikipedia LinkHydroxylysine
METLIN ID5439
PubChem Compound3032849
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID18040
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDPCOLLG5HLYS
MarkerDB IDMDB00000163
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceAllevi, P.; Anastasia, M. Synthesis of all four possible stereoisomers of 5-hydroxylysine. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry (2000), 11(15), 3151-3160.
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
General References
  1. Boulat O, Gradwohl M, Matos V, Guignard JP, Bachmann C: Organic acids in the second morning urine in a healthy Swiss paediatric population. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2003 Dec;41(12):1642-58. [PubMed:14708889 ]
  2. Ohdoi C, Nyhan WL, Kuhara T: Chemical diagnosis of Lesch-Nyhan syndrome using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry detection. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2003 Jul 15;792(1):123-30. [PubMed:12829005 ]
  3. Schor DS, Verhoeven NM, Struys EA, ten Brink HJ, Jakobs C: Quantification of 3-hydroxyglutaric acid in urine, plasma, cerebrospinal fluid and amniotic fluid by stable-isotope dilution negative chemical ionization gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2002 Nov 15;780(1):199-204. [PubMed:12383496 ]
  4. Elshenawy S, Pinney SE, Stuart T, Doulias PT, Zura G, Parry S, Elovitz MA, Bennett MJ, Bansal A, Strauss JF 3rd, Ischiropoulos H, Simmons RA: The Metabolomic Signature of the Placenta in Spontaneous Preterm Birth. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Feb 4;21(3). pii: ijms21031043. doi: 10.3390/ijms21031043. [PubMed:32033212 ]
  5. Krane SM, Kantrowitz FG, Byrne M, Pinnell SR, Singer FR: Urinary excretion of hydroxylysine and its glycosides as an index of collagen degradation. J Clin Invest. 1977 May;59(5):819-27. doi: 10.1172/JCI108704. [PubMed:404321 ]

Enzymes

General function:
Involved in oxidoreductase activity
Specific function:
Forms hydroxylysine residues in -Xaa-Lys-Gly- sequences in collagens. These hydroxylysines serve as sites of attachment for carbohydrate units and are essential for the stability of the intermolecular collagen cross-links.
Gene Name:
PLOD1
Uniprot ID:
Q02809
Molecular weight:
83549.55
General function:
Involved in oxidoreductase activity
Specific function:
Forms hydroxylysine residues in -Xaa-Lys-Gly- sequences in collagens. These hydroxylysines serve as sites of attachment for carbohydrate units and are essential for the stability of the intermolecular collagen cross-links.
Gene Name:
PLOD2
Uniprot ID:
O00469
Molecular weight:
84685.07
General function:
Involved in oxidoreductase activity
Specific function:
Forms hydroxylysine residues in -Xaa-Lys-Gly- sequences in collagens. These hydroxylysines serve as sites of attachment for carbohydrate units and are essential for the stability of the intermolecular collagen cross-links.
Gene Name:
PLOD3
Uniprot ID:
O60568
Molecular weight:
84784.505
General function:
Not Available
Specific function:
Catalyzes the GTP-dependent phosphorylation of 5-hydroxy-L-lysine.
Gene Name:
AGPHD1
Uniprot ID:
A2RU49
Molecular weight:
41932.82
Reactions
Guanosine triphosphate + 5-Hydroxylysine → Guanosine diphosphate + 5-phosphonooxy-L-lysinedetails