Hmdb loader
Show more...Show more...Show more...Show more...
Record Information
Version5.0
StatusDetected but not Quantified
Creation Date2005-11-16 15:48:42 UTC
Update Date2021-09-14 15:45:59 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0000853
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB00853
Metabolite Identification
Common NameN-Acetyl-b-D-galactosamine
DescriptionN-Acetyl-b-D-galactosamine, also known as beta-galnac or β-galnac, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as n-acyl-alpha-hexosamines. These are carbohydrate derivatives containing a hexose moiety in which the oxygen atom is replaced by an n-acyl group. An N-acetyl-D-galactosamine having beta-configuration at the anomeric centre. N-Acetyl-b-D-galactosamine is an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa). N-Acetyl-b-D-galactosamine exists in all living organisms, ranging from bacteria to humans. Outside of the human body, N-Acetyl-b-D-galactosamine has been detected, but not quantified in, several different foods, such as onion-family vegetables, purple mangosteens, savoy cabbages, common beets, and wax gourds. This could make N-acetyl-b-D-galactosamine a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods.
Structure
Thumb
Synonyms
Chemical FormulaC8H15NO6
Average Molecular Weight221.2078
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight221.089937217
IUPAC NameN-[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-2,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]acetamide
Traditional NameN-acetyl-β-D-galactosamine
CAS Registry Number14131-60-3
SMILES
CC(=O)N[C@H]1[C@H](O)O[C@H](CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H]1O
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C8H15NO6/c1-3(11)9-5-7(13)6(12)4(2-10)15-8(5)14/h4-8,10,12-14H,2H2,1H3,(H,9,11)/t4-,5-,6+,7-,8-/m1/s1
InChI KeyOVRNDRQMDRJTHS-JAJWTYFOSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as n-acyl-alpha-hexosamines. These are carbohydrate derivatives containing a hexose moiety in which the oxygen atom is replaced by an n-acyl group.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganic oxygen compounds
ClassOrganooxygen compounds
Sub ClassCarbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates
Direct ParentN-acyl-alpha-hexosamines
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • N-acyl-alpha-hexosamine
  • Hexose monosaccharide
  • Monosaccharide
  • Oxane
  • Hemiacetal
  • Secondary alcohol
  • Carboximidic acid
  • Carboximidic acid derivative
  • Oxacycle
  • Organoheterocyclic compound
  • Polyol
  • Organic 1,3-dipolar compound
  • Propargyl-type 1,3-dipolar organic compound
  • Alcohol
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Primary alcohol
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic heteromonocyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
Physiological effectNot Available
Disposition
ProcessNot Available
RoleNot Available
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting PointNot AvailableNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water SolubilityNot AvailableNot Available
LogPNot AvailableNot Available
Experimental Chromatographic PropertiesNot Available
Predicted Molecular Properties
Predicted Chromatographic Properties
Spectra
Biological Properties
Cellular LocationsNot Available
Biospecimen Locations
  • Feces
Tissue LocationsNot Available
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal
details
Abnormal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Colorectal cancer
details
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease References
Colorectal cancer
  1. Goedert JJ, Sampson JN, Moore SC, Xiao Q, Xiong X, Hayes RB, Ahn J, Shi J, Sinha R: Fecal metabolomics: assay performance and association with colorectal cancer. Carcinogenesis. 2014 Sep;35(9):2089-96. doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgu131. Epub 2014 Jul 18. [PubMed:25037050 ]
Associated OMIM IDs
DrugBank IDNot Available
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDFDB031024
KNApSAcK IDNot Available
Chemspider ID389452
KEGG Compound IDC05021
BioCyc IDCPD-12557
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkNot Available
METLIN ID5816
PubChem Compound440552
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID28497
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDNot Available
MarkerDB IDNot Available
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceChaplin, David; Crout, David H. G.; Bornemann, Stephen; Hutchinson, David W.; Khan, Riaz. Conversion of 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-b-D-glucopyranose (N-acetylglucosamine) into 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-b-D-galactopyranose (N-acetylgalactosamine using a biotransformation to generate a selectively deprotected substrate for SN2 inversion. Journal of the Chemical Society, Perkin Transactions 1: Organic and Bio-Organic Chemistry (1972-1999) (1992), (2), 235-7.
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
General References
  1. Ohdoi C, Nyhan WL, Kuhara T: Chemical diagnosis of Lesch-Nyhan syndrome using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry detection. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2003 Jul 15;792(1):123-30. [PubMed:12829005 ]
  2. Barbas C, Garcia A, de Miguel L, Simo C: Evaluation of filter paper collection of urine samples for detection and measurement of organic acidurias by capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2002 Nov 15;780(1):73-82. [PubMed:12383482 ]
  3. Garcia A, Barbas C, Aguilar R, Castro M: Capillary electrophoresis for rapid profiling of organic acidurias. Clin Chem. 1998 Sep;44(9):1905-11. [PubMed:9732975 ]
  4. Gheri G, Bryk SG, Taddei G, Moncini D, Noci I: Sugar residues content and distribution in atrophic and hyperplastic postmenopausal human endometrium: lectin histochemistry. Histol Histopathol. 1996 Oct;11(4):861-7. [PubMed:8930627 ]
  5. Sediva A, Stejskal J, Bartunkova J, Smetana K Jr, Gabius HJ: Detection of alpha(beta)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine-binding sites in kidney--relation to Henoch-Schonlein-associated IgA nephropathy. Folia Biol (Praha). 1999;45(4):147-50. [PubMed:10732728 ]

Enzymes

General function:
Involved in catalytic activity
Specific function:
Removes terminal alpha-N-acetylgalactosamine residues from glycolipids and glycopeptides. Required for the breakdown of glycolipids.
Gene Name:
NAGA
Uniprot ID:
P17050
Molecular weight:
Not Available
Reactions
Water + IV3GalNAca-Gb4Cer → N-Acetyl-b-D-galactosamine + Globosidedetails
General function:
Involved in beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase activity
Specific function:
Responsible for the degradation of GM2 gangliosides, and a variety of other molecules containing terminal N-acetyl hexosamines, in the brain and other tissues.
Gene Name:
HEXB
Uniprot ID:
P07686
Molecular weight:
Not Available
Reactions
+ Water → + N-Acetyl-b-D-galactosaminedetails
General function:
Involved in beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase activity
Specific function:
Responsible for the degradation of GM2 gangliosides, and a variety of other molecules containing terminal N-acetyl hexosamines, in the brain and other tissues. The form B is active against certain oligosaccharides. The form S has no measurable activity.
Gene Name:
HEXA
Uniprot ID:
P06865
Molecular weight:
Not Available
Reactions
+ Water → + N-Acetyl-b-D-galactosaminedetails
General function:
Involved in galactokinase activity
Specific function:
Acts on GalNAc. Also acts as a galactokinase when galactose is present at high concentrations. May be involved in a salvage pathway for the reutilization of free GalNAc derived from the degradation of complex carbohydrates.
Gene Name:
GALK2
Uniprot ID:
Q01415
Molecular weight:
49234.57
Reactions
Adenosine triphosphate + N-Acetyl-b-D-galactosamine → ADP + N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine 1-phosphatedetails