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Record Information
Version5.0
StatusExpected but not Quantified
Creation Date2005-11-16 15:48:42 UTC
Update Date2023-02-21 17:15:30 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0001182
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB01182
Metabolite Identification
Common Name6,8-Dihydroxypurine
Description6,8-Dihydroxypurine is an endogenous nucleoside found in human fluids. Purine bases are present in higher amounts in tumor-bearing patients compared to healthy controls. DNA hypermethylation is a common finding in malignant cells and has been explored as a therapeutic target for hypomethylating agents. When chemical bonds to DNA, the DNA becomes damaged and proper and complete replication cannot occur to make the normal intended cell. A DNA adduct is an abnormal piece of DNA covalently-bonded to a cancer-causing chemical. This has shown to be the start of a cancerous cell, or carcinogenesis. DNA adducts in scientific experiments are used as bio-markers and as such are themselves measured to reflect quantitatively, for comparison, the amount of cancer in the subject. (PMID: 3506820 , 17044778 , 17264127 , 16799933 ).
Structure
Data?1676999730
Synonyms
ValueSource
6,8-PurinediolHMDB
7,9-Dihydro-1H-purine-6,8-dioneHMDB
7,9-Dihydro-8H-purin-8-oneHMDB
8-OxohypoxanthineHMDB
Purine-6,8(1H,9H)-dioneHMDB
Purine-6,8-diolHMDB
Purine-6,8-dioneHMDB
Chemical FormulaC5H4N4O2
Average Molecular Weight152.1109
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight152.033425392
IUPAC Name6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-3H-purine-6,8-dione
Traditional Name7,9-dihydro-3H-purine-6,8-dione
CAS Registry Number13231-00-0
SMILES
O=C1NC2=C(N1)C(=O)N=CN2
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C5H4N4O2/c10-4-2-3(6-1-7-4)9-5(11)8-2/h1H,(H3,6,7,8,9,10,11)
InChI KeyBYUOBSUZYQAFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as hypoxanthines. Hypoxanthines are compounds containing the purine derivative 1H-purin-6(9H)-one. Purine is a bicyclic aromatic compound made up of a pyrimidine ring fused to an imidazole ring.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganoheterocyclic compounds
ClassImidazopyrimidines
Sub ClassPurines and purine derivatives
Direct ParentHypoxanthines
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • 6-oxopurine
  • Hypoxanthine
  • Pyrimidone
  • Pyrimidine
  • Azole
  • Imidazole
  • Heteroaromatic compound
  • Vinylogous amide
  • Urea
  • Azacycle
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Organic oxide
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAromatic heteropolycyclic compounds
External DescriptorsNot Available
Ontology
Physiological effectNot Available
Disposition
ProcessNot Available
RoleNot Available
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting PointNot AvailableNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water Solubility0.17 mg/mL at 20 °CNot Available
LogP0.246Not Available
Experimental Chromatographic PropertiesNot Available
Predicted Molecular Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility1.75 g/LALOGPS
logP-1ALOGPS
logP-1.6ChemAxon
logS-1.9ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)7.63ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)-1.1ChemAxon
Physiological Charge0ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count4ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count3ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area82.59 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count0ChemAxon
Refractivity44.32 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability12.68 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings2ChemAxon
BioavailabilityYesChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterNoChemAxon
Veber's RuleNoChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
Predicted Chromatographic Properties

Predicted Collision Cross Sections

PredictorAdduct TypeCCS Value (Å2)Reference
DarkChem[M+H]+130.67731661259
DarkChem[M-H]-128.09531661259
AllCCS[M+H]+131.56932859911
AllCCS[M-H]-125.70732859911
DeepCCS[M+H]+132.13830932474
DeepCCS[M-H]-129.45830932474
DeepCCS[M-2H]-166.07230932474
DeepCCS[M+Na]+141.23830932474
AllCCS[M+H]+131.632859911
AllCCS[M+H-H2O]+126.932859911
AllCCS[M+NH4]+135.932859911
AllCCS[M+Na]+137.232859911
AllCCS[M-H]-125.732859911
AllCCS[M+Na-2H]-126.632859911
AllCCS[M+HCOO]-127.632859911

Predicted Kovats Retention Indices

Underivatized

MetaboliteSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
6,8-DihydroxypurineO=C1NC2=C(N1)C(=O)N=CN22609.9Standard polar33892256
6,8-DihydroxypurineO=C1NC2=C(N1)C(=O)N=CN21883.7Standard non polar33892256
6,8-DihydroxypurineO=C1NC2=C(N1)C(=O)N=CN22147.2Semi standard non polar33892256

Derivatized

Derivative Name / StructureSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
6,8-Dihydroxypurine,1TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)N1C(=O)[NH]C2=C1[NH]C=NC2=O1871.6Semi standard non polar33892256
6,8-Dihydroxypurine,1TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)N1C(=O)[NH]C2=C1[NH]C=NC2=O2011.6Standard non polar33892256
6,8-Dihydroxypurine,1TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)N1C(=O)[NH]C2=C1[NH]C=NC2=O2900.3Standard polar33892256
6,8-Dihydroxypurine,1TMS,isomer #2C[Si](C)(C)N1C(=O)[NH]C2=C1C(=O)N=C[NH]21895.8Semi standard non polar33892256
6,8-Dihydroxypurine,1TMS,isomer #2C[Si](C)(C)N1C(=O)[NH]C2=C1C(=O)N=C[NH]21968.8Standard non polar33892256
6,8-Dihydroxypurine,1TMS,isomer #2C[Si](C)(C)N1C(=O)[NH]C2=C1C(=O)N=C[NH]22750.6Standard polar33892256
6,8-Dihydroxypurine,1TMS,isomer #3C[Si](C)(C)N1C=NC(=O)C2=C1[NH]C(=O)[NH]21948.5Semi standard non polar33892256
6,8-Dihydroxypurine,1TMS,isomer #3C[Si](C)(C)N1C=NC(=O)C2=C1[NH]C(=O)[NH]22045.4Standard non polar33892256
6,8-Dihydroxypurine,1TMS,isomer #3C[Si](C)(C)N1C=NC(=O)C2=C1[NH]C(=O)[NH]22824.1Standard polar33892256
6,8-Dihydroxypurine,2TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)N1C(=O)N([Si](C)(C)C)C2=C1[NH]C=NC2=O1928.7Semi standard non polar33892256
6,8-Dihydroxypurine,2TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)N1C(=O)N([Si](C)(C)C)C2=C1[NH]C=NC2=O2077.8Standard non polar33892256
6,8-Dihydroxypurine,2TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)N1C(=O)N([Si](C)(C)C)C2=C1[NH]C=NC2=O2416.7Standard polar33892256
6,8-Dihydroxypurine,2TMS,isomer #2C[Si](C)(C)N1C=NC(=O)C2=C1N([Si](C)(C)C)C(=O)[NH]21889.7Semi standard non polar33892256
6,8-Dihydroxypurine,2TMS,isomer #2C[Si](C)(C)N1C=NC(=O)C2=C1N([Si](C)(C)C)C(=O)[NH]22168.3Standard non polar33892256
6,8-Dihydroxypurine,2TMS,isomer #2C[Si](C)(C)N1C=NC(=O)C2=C1N([Si](C)(C)C)C(=O)[NH]22515.6Standard polar33892256
6,8-Dihydroxypurine,2TMS,isomer #3C[Si](C)(C)N1C=NC(=O)C2=C1[NH]C(=O)N2[Si](C)(C)C1928.4Semi standard non polar33892256
6,8-Dihydroxypurine,2TMS,isomer #3C[Si](C)(C)N1C=NC(=O)C2=C1[NH]C(=O)N2[Si](C)(C)C2129.3Standard non polar33892256
6,8-Dihydroxypurine,2TMS,isomer #3C[Si](C)(C)N1C=NC(=O)C2=C1[NH]C(=O)N2[Si](C)(C)C2438.3Standard polar33892256
6,8-Dihydroxypurine,3TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)N1C=NC(=O)C2=C1N([Si](C)(C)C)C(=O)N2[Si](C)(C)C2058.5Semi standard non polar33892256
6,8-Dihydroxypurine,3TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)N1C=NC(=O)C2=C1N([Si](C)(C)C)C(=O)N2[Si](C)(C)C2178.7Standard non polar33892256
6,8-Dihydroxypurine,3TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)N1C=NC(=O)C2=C1N([Si](C)(C)C)C(=O)N2[Si](C)(C)C2223.6Standard polar33892256
6,8-Dihydroxypurine,1TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N1C(=O)[NH]C2=C1[NH]C=NC2=O2073.5Semi standard non polar33892256
6,8-Dihydroxypurine,1TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N1C(=O)[NH]C2=C1[NH]C=NC2=O2234.5Standard non polar33892256
6,8-Dihydroxypurine,1TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N1C(=O)[NH]C2=C1[NH]C=NC2=O2886.3Standard polar33892256
6,8-Dihydroxypurine,1TBDMS,isomer #2CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N1C(=O)[NH]C2=C1C(=O)N=C[NH]22108.1Semi standard non polar33892256
6,8-Dihydroxypurine,1TBDMS,isomer #2CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N1C(=O)[NH]C2=C1C(=O)N=C[NH]22196.8Standard non polar33892256
6,8-Dihydroxypurine,1TBDMS,isomer #2CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N1C(=O)[NH]C2=C1C(=O)N=C[NH]22764.3Standard polar33892256
6,8-Dihydroxypurine,1TBDMS,isomer #3CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N1C=NC(=O)C2=C1[NH]C(=O)[NH]22199.2Semi standard non polar33892256
6,8-Dihydroxypurine,1TBDMS,isomer #3CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N1C=NC(=O)C2=C1[NH]C(=O)[NH]22272.0Standard non polar33892256
6,8-Dihydroxypurine,1TBDMS,isomer #3CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N1C=NC(=O)C2=C1[NH]C(=O)[NH]22855.5Standard polar33892256
6,8-Dihydroxypurine,2TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N1C(=O)N([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C2=C1[NH]C=NC2=O2231.6Semi standard non polar33892256
6,8-Dihydroxypurine,2TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N1C(=O)N([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C2=C1[NH]C=NC2=O2449.2Standard non polar33892256
6,8-Dihydroxypurine,2TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N1C(=O)N([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C2=C1[NH]C=NC2=O2488.0Standard polar33892256
6,8-Dihydroxypurine,2TBDMS,isomer #2CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N1C=NC(=O)C2=C1N([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(=O)[NH]22307.5Semi standard non polar33892256
6,8-Dihydroxypurine,2TBDMS,isomer #2CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N1C=NC(=O)C2=C1N([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(=O)[NH]22565.0Standard non polar33892256
6,8-Dihydroxypurine,2TBDMS,isomer #2CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N1C=NC(=O)C2=C1N([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(=O)[NH]22570.7Standard polar33892256
6,8-Dihydroxypurine,2TBDMS,isomer #3CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N1C=NC(=O)C2=C1[NH]C(=O)N2[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2358.2Semi standard non polar33892256
6,8-Dihydroxypurine,2TBDMS,isomer #3CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N1C=NC(=O)C2=C1[NH]C(=O)N2[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2512.8Standard non polar33892256
6,8-Dihydroxypurine,2TBDMS,isomer #3CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N1C=NC(=O)C2=C1[NH]C(=O)N2[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2516.3Standard polar33892256
6,8-Dihydroxypurine,3TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N1C=NC(=O)C2=C1N([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(=O)N2[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2520.9Semi standard non polar33892256
6,8-Dihydroxypurine,3TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N1C=NC(=O)C2=C1N([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(=O)N2[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2742.6Standard non polar33892256
6,8-Dihydroxypurine,3TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N1C=NC(=O)C2=C1N([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(=O)N2[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2499.4Standard polar33892256
Spectra

GC-MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - 6,8-Dihydroxypurine GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-0zi1-6900000000-b597900216a7c18ff4ec2017-09-01Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - 6,8-Dihydroxypurine GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-12Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - 6,8-Dihydroxypurine GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-12Wishart LabView Spectrum

MS/MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 6,8-Dihydroxypurine 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0udi-0900000000-73408e2a019cf61453892015-04-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 6,8-Dihydroxypurine 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0udi-0900000000-4ec7e27bd75758d5243d2015-04-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 6,8-Dihydroxypurine 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-000x-9400000000-4b36792f2a9b31c0e39f2015-04-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 6,8-Dihydroxypurine 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0udi-0900000000-0c74ea3af474d10b7ea82015-04-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 6,8-Dihydroxypurine 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0udi-0900000000-30080f0e6c244018af862015-04-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 6,8-Dihydroxypurine 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-053u-9600000000-23699c571e13d9a8c9822015-04-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 6,8-Dihydroxypurine 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0udi-0900000000-ac450658003af6c0a1092021-09-23Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 6,8-Dihydroxypurine 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0udi-0900000000-00ec07b7bda30887c3272021-09-23Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 6,8-Dihydroxypurine 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-05ai-9200000000-f8c6511273a5bfd31f742021-09-23Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 6,8-Dihydroxypurine 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0udi-0900000000-757517510c89a31911712021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 6,8-Dihydroxypurine 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0fk9-2900000000-b1f56627b7499b83ee762021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 6,8-Dihydroxypurine 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0006-9000000000-5b696d1d5422470c88ea2021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum

NMR Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-16Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-16Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-16Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-16Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-16Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-16Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-16Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-16Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-16Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-16Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-16Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-16Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-16Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-16Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-16Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-16Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-16Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-16Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-16Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-16Wishart LabView Spectrum

IR Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted IR SpectrumIR Ion Spectrum (Predicted IRIS Spectrum, Adduct: [M-H]-)2023-02-03FELIX labView Spectrum
Predicted IR SpectrumIR Ion Spectrum (Predicted IRIS Spectrum, Adduct: [M+H]+)2023-02-03FELIX labView Spectrum
Predicted IR SpectrumIR Ion Spectrum (Predicted IRIS Spectrum, Adduct: [M+Na]+)2023-02-03FELIX labView Spectrum
Biological Properties
Cellular LocationsNot Available
Biospecimen LocationsNot Available
Tissue LocationsNot Available
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
Not Available
Abnormal Concentrations
Not Available
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease ReferencesNone
Associated OMIM IDsNone
DrugBank IDNot Available
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDFDB112171
KNApSAcK IDNot Available
Chemspider ID75117
KEGG Compound IDNot Available
BioCyc IDNot Available
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkNot Available
METLIN IDNot Available
PubChem Compound83252
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI IDNot Available
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDNot Available
MarkerDB IDNot Available
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceOhtsuka, Yozo; Sugimoto, Kikuo. Oxazolopyrimidines. III. Formation of 6,8-dihydroxypurine by the oxidation of 7-aminooxazolo[5,4-d]pyrimidine with hydrogen peroxide-acetic acid. Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan (1970), 43(7), 2281.
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
General References
  1. Davies RJ: Complexes of poly(adenylic acid) with complementary monomers. Eur J Biochem. 1976 Jan 2;61(1):225-36. [PubMed:1245184 ]
  2. TRICERRI S, BRASCHI A: [Quantitative spectrophotometric determination of 6-hydroxypurine in the presence of 2, 6-dihydroxypurine]. Farmaco Sci. 1957;12(1):28-33. [PubMed:13414872 ]
  3. Smith M, Sullivan C: Germination of Clostridium cylindrosporum Spores on Medium Containing Uric Acid. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1989 Jun;55(6):1380-5. [PubMed:16347931 ]
  4. Montero-Moran GM, Li M, Rendon-Huerta E, Jourdan F, Lowe DJ, Stumpff-Kane AW, Feig M, Scazzocchio C, Hausinger RP: Purification and characterization of the FeII- and alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent xanthine hydroxylase from Aspergillus nidulans. Biochemistry. 2007 May 8;46(18):5293-304. Epub 2007 Apr 13. [PubMed:17429948 ]
  5. Salas JA, Johnstone K, Ellar DJ: Role of uricase in the triggering of germination of Bacillus fastidiosus spores. Biochem J. 1985 Jul 1;229(1):241-9. [PubMed:4038258 ]
  6. Yamane I, Murakami O: 6,8-Dihydroxypurine: a novel growth factor for mammalian cells in vitro, isolated from a commercial peptone. J Cell Physiol. 1973 Apr;81(2):281-4. [PubMed:4735144 ]
  7. Ohe T, Watanabe Y: Purification and properties of xanthine dehydrogenase from Streptomyces cyanogenus. J Biochem. 1979 Jul;86(1):45-53. [PubMed:479130 ]
  8. Simmonds HA, Sneddon W: Identification of 6,8-dihydroxypurine in the urine of a gouty patient treated with allopurinol. Clin Chim Acta. 1970 Nov;30(2):421-7. [PubMed:5478331 ]
  9. Middelhoven WJ, Hoogkamer-Te Niet MC, Kreger-Van Rij NJ: Trichosporon adeninovorans sp. nov., a yeast species utilizing adenine, xanthine, uric acid, putrescine and primary n-alkylamines as the sole source of carbon, nitrogen and energy. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek. 1984;50(4):369-78. [PubMed:6543110 ]
  10. Durre P, Andreesen JR: Purine and glycine metabolism by purinolytic clostridia. J Bacteriol. 1983 Apr;154(1):192-9. [PubMed:6833177 ]
  11. Kraushar MF, Nussbaum P, Kisch AL: Anaphylactic reaction to intravitreal cefazolin. Retina. 1994;14(2):187-8. [PubMed:8036331 ]
  12. Keuzenkamp-Jansen CW, van Baal JM, De Abreu RA, de Jong JG, Zuiderent R, Trijbels JM: Detection and identification of 6-methylmercapto-8-hydoxypurine, a major metabolite of 6-mercaptopurine, in plasma during intravenous administration. Clin Chem. 1996 Mar;42(3):380-6. [PubMed:8598099 ]
  13. Morris GS, Simmonds HA, Davies PM: Use of biological fluids for the rapid diagnosis of potentially lethal inherited disorders of human purine and pyrimidine metabolism. Biomed Chromatogr. 1986 Jun;1(3):109-18. [PubMed:3506820 ]
  14. Cho SH, Jung BH, Lee SH, Lee WY, Kong G, Chung BC: Direct determination of nucleosides in the urine of patients with breast cancer using column-switching liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Biomed Chromatogr. 2006 Nov;20(11):1229-36. [PubMed:16799933 ]
  15. Yang TH, Hu ML: Intracellular levels of S-adenosylhomocysteine but not homocysteine are highly correlated to the expression of nm23-H1 and the level of 5-methyldeoxycytidine in human hepatoma cells with different invasion activities. Nutr Cancer. 2006;55(2):224-31. [PubMed:17044778 ]
  16. Liu Z, Liu S, Xie Z, Blum W, Perrotti D, Paschka P, Klisovic R, Byrd J, Chan KK, Marcucci G: Characterization of in vitro and in vivo hypomethylating effects of decitabine in acute myeloid leukemia by a rapid, specific and sensitive LC-MS/MS method. Nucleic Acids Res. 2007;35(5):e31. Epub 2007 Jan 30. [PubMed:17264127 ]