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Record Information
Version5.0
StatusDetected and Quantified
Creation Date2005-11-16 15:48:42 UTC
Update Date2021-09-14 15:44:42 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0000012
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB00012
Metabolite Identification
Common NameDeoxyuridine
DescriptionDeoxyuridine, also known as dU, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosides. Pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosides are compounds consisting of a pyrimidine linked to a ribose which lacks a hydroxyl group at position 2. It is similar in chemical structure to uridine, but without the 2'-hydroxyl group. Deoxyuridine exists in all living organisms, ranging from bacteria to humans. Within humans, deoxyuridine participates in a number of enzymatic reactions. In particular, deoxyuridine can be biosynthesized from deoxycytidine through its interaction with the enzyme cytidine deaminase. In addition, deoxyuridine can be converted into uracil and deoxyribose 1-phosphate through its interaction with the enzyme thymidine phosphorylase. Deoxyuridine is considered to be an antimetabolite that is converted into deoxyuridine triphosphate during DNA synthesis. Laboratory suppression of deoxyuridine is used to diagnose megaloblastic anemia due to vitamin B12 and folate deficiencies. In humans, deoxyuridine is involved in the metabolic disorder called UMP synthase deficiency (orotic aciduria). Outside of the human body, deoxyuridine has been detected, but not quantified in, several different foods, such as lichee, highbush blueberries, agaves, macadamia nut (M. tetraphylla), and red bell peppers. This could make deoxyuridine a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods.
Structure
Thumb
Synonyms
ValueSource
2-DeoxyuridineChEBI
dUChEBI
2'-DeoxyuridineKegg
1-(2-Deoxy-beta-D-erythro-pentofuranosyl)-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedioneHMDB
1-(2-Deoxy-beta-D-ribofuranosyl)-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedioneHMDB
1-(2-Deoxy-beta-delta-erythro-pentofuranosyl)-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedioneHMDB
1-(2-Deoxy-beta-delta-ribofuranosyl)-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedioneHMDB
1-(2-Deoxy-D-erythro-pentofuranosyl)uracilHMDB
1-(2-Deoxy-delta-erythro-pentofuranosyl)uracilHMDB
2'-DesoxyuridineHMDB
Deoxyribose uracilHMDB
DesoxyuridineHMDB
Uracil deoxyribosideHMDB
Uracil desoxyuridineHMDB
(beta 1-(2-Deoxyribopyranosyl))thymidineHMDB
DeoxyuridineChEBI
Chemical FormulaC9H12N2O5
Average Molecular Weight228.202
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight228.074621504
IUPAC Name1-[(2R,4S,5R)-4-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-2,4-dione
Traditional Name2'-deoxyuridine
CAS Registry Number951-78-0
SMILES
OC[C@H]1O[C@H](C[C@@H]1O)N1C=CC(=O)NC1=O
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C9H12N2O5/c12-4-6-5(13)3-8(16-6)11-2-1-7(14)10-9(11)15/h1-2,5-6,8,12-13H,3-4H2,(H,10,14,15)/t5-,6+,8+/m0/s1
InChI KeyMXHRCPNRJAMMIM-SHYZEUOFSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosides. Pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosides are compounds consisting of a pyrimidine linked to a ribose which lacks a hydroxyl group at position 2.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassNucleosides, nucleotides, and analogues
ClassPyrimidine nucleosides
Sub ClassPyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosides
Direct ParentPyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosides
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside
  • Pyrimidone
  • Hydropyrimidine
  • Pyrimidine
  • Heteroaromatic compound
  • Tetrahydrofuran
  • Vinylogous amide
  • Lactam
  • Secondary alcohol
  • Urea
  • Oxacycle
  • Azacycle
  • Organoheterocyclic compound
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organic oxide
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Primary alcohol
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Alcohol
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Aromatic heteromonocyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAromatic heteromonocyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
Physiological effectNot Available
Disposition
Biological locationRoute of exposureSource
Process
Role
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting Point167 °CNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water SolubilityNot AvailableNot Available
LogP-1.51BALZARINI,JM ET AL. (1989)
Experimental Chromatographic Properties

Experimental Collision Cross Sections

Adduct TypeData SourceCCS Value (Å2)Reference
[M-H]-Baker151.64430932474
[M-H]-Not Available149.1http://allccs.zhulab.cn/database/detail?ID=AllCCS00000094
Predicted Molecular Properties
Predicted Chromatographic Properties
Spectra
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Extracellular
  • Mitochondria
  • Nucleus
Biospecimen Locations
  • Blood
  • Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
  • Feces
  • Urine
Tissue Locations
  • Bladder
  • Bone Marrow
  • Fibroblasts
  • Intestine
  • Leukocyte
  • Neuron
  • Pancreas
  • Placenta
  • Prostate
  • Skeletal Muscle
  • Testis
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
Abnormal Concentrations
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease References
Thymidine phosphorylase deficiency
  1. Bakker JA, Schlesser P, Smeets HJ, Francois B, Bierau J: Biochemical abnormalities in a patient with thymidine phosphorylase deficiency with fatal outcome. J Inherit Metab Dis. 2010 Dec;33 Suppl 3:S139-43. doi: 10.1007/s10545-010-9049-y. Epub 2010 Feb 12. [PubMed:20151198 ]
Colorectal cancer
  1. Sinha R, Ahn J, Sampson JN, Shi J, Yu G, Xiong X, Hayes RB, Goedert JJ: Fecal Microbiota, Fecal Metabolome, and Colorectal Cancer Interrelations. PLoS One. 2016 Mar 25;11(3):e0152126. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152126. eCollection 2016. [PubMed:27015276 ]
  2. Brown DG, Rao S, Weir TL, O'Malia J, Bazan M, Brown RJ, Ryan EP: Metabolomics and metabolic pathway networks from human colorectal cancers, adjacent mucosa, and stool. Cancer Metab. 2016 Jun 6;4:11. doi: 10.1186/s40170-016-0151-y. eCollection 2016. [PubMed:27275383 ]
  3. Goedert JJ, Sampson JN, Moore SC, Xiao Q, Xiong X, Hayes RB, Ahn J, Shi J, Sinha R: Fecal metabolomics: assay performance and association with colorectal cancer. Carcinogenesis. 2014 Sep;35(9):2089-96. doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgu131. Epub 2014 Jul 18. [PubMed:25037050 ]
Crohn's disease
  1. Kolho KL, Pessia A, Jaakkola T, de Vos WM, Velagapudi V: Faecal and Serum Metabolomics in Paediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease. J Crohns Colitis. 2017 Mar 1;11(3):321-334. doi: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjw158. [PubMed:27609529 ]
Ulcerative colitis
  1. Kolho KL, Pessia A, Jaakkola T, de Vos WM, Velagapudi V: Faecal and Serum Metabolomics in Paediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease. J Crohns Colitis. 2017 Mar 1;11(3):321-334. doi: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjw158. [PubMed:27609529 ]
Eosinophilic esophagitis
  1. Slae, M., Huynh, H., Wishart, D.S. (2014). Analysis of 30 normal pediatric urine samples via NMR spectroscopy (unpublished work). NA.
Associated OMIM IDs
DrugBank IDDB02256
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDFDB021870
KNApSAcK IDC00019697
Chemspider ID13118
KEGG Compound IDC00526
BioCyc IDDEOXYURIDINE
BiGG ID35251
Wikipedia LinkDeoxyuridine
METLIN ID5086
PubChem Compound13712
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID16450
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDDURI
MarkerDB IDMDB00000006
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceHuang, Haoqiang; Chu, Chung K. A practical synthesis of 2'-deoxyuridine from uridine. Synthetic Communications (1990), 20(7), 1039-46.
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
General References

Enzymes

General function:
Involved in zinc ion binding
Specific function:
Not Available
Gene Name:
AID
Uniprot ID:
Q546Y9
Molecular weight:
23953.3
General function:
Involved in purine-nucleoside phosphorylase activity
Specific function:
The purine nucleoside phosphorylases catalyze the phosphorolytic breakdown of the N-glycosidic bond in the beta-(deoxy)ribonucleoside molecules, with the formation of the corresponding free purine bases and pentose-1-phosphate.
Gene Name:
PNP
Uniprot ID:
P00491
Molecular weight:
32117.69
Reactions
Deoxyuridine + Phosphate → Uracil + Deoxyribose 1-phosphatedetails
General function:
Nucleotide transport and metabolism
Specific function:
Not Available
Gene Name:
TK1
Uniprot ID:
P04183
Molecular weight:
25468.455
Reactions
Adenosine triphosphate + Deoxyuridine → ADP + dUMPdetails
General function:
Involved in ATP binding
Specific function:
Deoxyribonucleoside kinase that phosphorylates thymidine, deoxycytidine, and deoxyuridine. Also phosphorylates anti-viral and anti-cancer nucleoside analogs.
Gene Name:
TK2
Uniprot ID:
O00142
Molecular weight:
27561.495
Reactions
Adenosine triphosphate + Deoxyuridine → ADP + dUMPdetails
General function:
Involved in transferase activity, transferring glycosyl groups
Specific function:
May have a role in maintaining the integrity of the blood vessels. Has growth promoting activity on endothelial cells, angiogenic activity in vivo and chemotactic activity on endothelial cells in vitro. Catalyzes the reversible phosphorolysis of thymidine. The produced molecules are then utilized as carbon and energy sources or in the rescue of pyrimidine bases for nucleotide synthesis.
Gene Name:
TYMP
Uniprot ID:
P19971
Molecular weight:
49954.965
Reactions
Deoxyuridine + Phosphate → Uracil + Deoxyribose 1-phosphatedetails
General function:
Involved in zinc ion binding
Specific function:
This enzyme scavenge exogenous and endogenous cytidine and 2'-deoxycytidine for UMP synthesis.
Gene Name:
CDA
Uniprot ID:
P32320
Molecular weight:
16184.545
Reactions
Deoxycytidine + Water → Deoxyuridine + Ammoniadetails
General function:
Involved in ATP binding
Specific function:
May contribute to UTP accumulation needed for blast transformation and proliferation.
Gene Name:
UCKL1
Uniprot ID:
Q9NWZ5
Molecular weight:
59465.77
General function:
Involved in ATP binding
Specific function:
Not Available
Gene Name:
Not Available
Uniprot ID:
Q8IZR3
Molecular weight:
35439.6
General function:
Not Available
Specific function:
DNA deaminase (cytidine deaminase) that mediates a form of innate resistance to retroviral infections (at least to HIV-1 infection) by triggering G-to-A hypermutation in the newly synthesized viral DNA. The replacements C-to-U in the minus strand DNA of HIV-1 during reverse transcription, leads to G-to-A transitions in the plus strand. The inhibition of viral replication is either due to the degradation of the minus strand before its integration or to the lethality of the hypermutations. Modification of both DNA strands is not excluded. This antiviral activity is neutralized by the virion infectivity factor (VIF), that prevents the incorporation of APOBEC3G into progeny HIV-1 virions by both inhibiting its translation and/or by inducing its ubiquitination and subsequent degradation by the 26S proteasome. May also prevent the transposition of a subset of retroelements. Binds a variety of RNAs, but does not display detectable APOB, NF1 and NAT1 mRNA editing.
Gene Name:
APOBEC3G
Uniprot ID:
Q9HC16
Molecular weight:
11822.52
Reactions
Deoxycytidine + Water → Deoxyuridine + Ammoniadetails