Record Information |
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Version | 5.0 |
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Status | Detected and Quantified |
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Creation Date | 2005-11-16 15:48:42 UTC |
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Update Date | 2023-02-21 17:15:47 UTC |
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HMDB ID | HMDB0001545 |
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Secondary Accession Numbers | |
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Metabolite Identification |
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Common Name | Pyridoxal |
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Description | Pyridoxal is a pyridinecarbaldehyde that is pyridine-4-carbaldehyde bearing methyl, hydroxy and hydroxymethyl substituents at positions 2, 3 and 5 respectively. Pyridoxal, also known as pyridoxaldehyde, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as pyridoxals and derivatives. Pyridoxals and derivatives are compounds containing a pyridoxal moiety, which consists of a pyridine ring substituted at positions 2, 3, 4, and 5 by a methyl group, a hydroxyl group, a carbaldehyde group, and a hydroxymethyl group, respectively. Pyridoxal is one form of vitamin B6. Pyridoxal exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. In humans, pyridoxal is involved in glycine and serine metabolism. Pyridoxal has been detected, but not quantified in several different foods, such as sourdoughs, lichee, arctic blackberries, watercress, and cottonseeds. Some medically relevant bacteria, such as those in the genera Granulicatella and Abiotrophia, require pyridoxal for growth. This nutritional requirement can lead to the culture phenomenon of satellite growth. In in vitro culture, these pyridoxal-dependent bacteria may only grow in areas surrounding colonies of bacteria from other genera ("satellitism") that are capable of producing pyridoxal. Pridoxal has a role as a cofactor, a human metabolite, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite and a mouse metabolite. |
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Structure | InChI=1S/C8H9NO3/c1-5-8(12)7(4-11)6(3-10)2-9-5/h2,4,10,12H,3H2,1H3 |
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Synonyms | Value | Source |
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3-HYDROXY-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylisonicotinaldehyde | ChEBI | Pyridoxaldehyde | ChEBI | 3-Hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridine-4-carboxaldehyde | HMDB |
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Chemical Formula | C8H9NO3 |
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Average Molecular Weight | 167.162 |
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Monoisotopic Molecular Weight | 167.058243159 |
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IUPAC Name | 3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridine-4-carbaldehyde |
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Traditional Name | pyridoxal |
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CAS Registry Number | 66-72-8 |
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SMILES | CC1=NC=C(CO)C(C=O)=C1O |
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InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C8H9NO3/c1-5-8(12)7(4-11)6(3-10)2-9-5/h2,4,10,12H,3H2,1H3 |
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InChI Key | RADKZDMFGJYCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
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Chemical Taxonomy |
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Description | Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as pyridoxals and derivatives. Pyridoxals and derivatives are compounds containing a pyridoxal moiety, which consists of a pyridine ring substituted at positions 2,3,4, and 5 by a methyl group, a hydroxyl group, a carbaldehyde group, and a hydroxymethyl group, respectively. |
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Kingdom | Organic compounds |
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Super Class | Organoheterocyclic compounds |
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Class | Pyridines and derivatives |
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Sub Class | Pyridine carboxaldehydes |
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Direct Parent | Pyridoxals and derivatives |
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Alternative Parents | |
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Substituents | - Pyridoxal
- Aryl-aldehyde
- Hydroxypyridine
- Methylpyridine
- Vinylogous acid
- Heteroaromatic compound
- Azacycle
- Hydrocarbon derivative
- Aldehyde
- Alcohol
- Organic oxygen compound
- Aromatic alcohol
- Organic nitrogen compound
- Primary alcohol
- Organooxygen compound
- Organonitrogen compound
- Organopnictogen compound
- Organic oxide
- Aromatic heteromonocyclic compound
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Molecular Framework | Aromatic heteromonocyclic compounds |
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External Descriptors | |
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Ontology |
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Physiological effect | |
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Disposition | |
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Process | |
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Role | |
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Physical Properties |
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State | Solid |
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Experimental Molecular Properties | Property | Value | Reference |
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Melting Point | 165 °C | Not Available | Boiling Point | Not Available | Not Available | Water Solubility | 500 mg/mL | Not Available | LogP | Not Available | Not Available |
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Experimental Chromatographic Properties | Experimental Collision Cross Sections |
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Predicted Molecular Properties | |
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Predicted Chromatographic Properties | Predicted Collision Cross SectionsPredicted Kovats Retention IndicesUnderivatizedDerivatizedDerivative Name / Structure | SMILES | Kovats RI Value | Column Type | Reference |
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Pyridoxal,1TMS,isomer #1 | CC1=NC=C(CO[Si](C)(C)C)C(C=O)=C1O | 1712.0 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | Pyridoxal,1TMS,isomer #2 | CC1=NC=C(CO)C(C=O)=C1O[Si](C)(C)C | 1697.5 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | Pyridoxal,2TMS,isomer #1 | CC1=NC=C(CO[Si](C)(C)C)C(C=O)=C1O[Si](C)(C)C | 1828.6 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | Pyridoxal,1TBDMS,isomer #1 | CC1=NC=C(CO[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(C=O)=C1O | 1949.4 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | Pyridoxal,1TBDMS,isomer #2 | CC1=NC=C(CO)C(C=O)=C1O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C | 1980.4 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | Pyridoxal,2TBDMS,isomer #1 | CC1=NC=C(CO[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(C=O)=C1O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C | 2300.3 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 |
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| GC-MS SpectraSpectrum Type | Description | Splash Key | Deposition Date | Source | View |
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Experimental GC-MS | GC-MS Spectrum - Pyridoxal GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (Non-derivatized) | splash10-00di-2690000000-5d018202be238b10582a | 2014-06-16 | HMDB team, MONA, MassBank | View Spectrum | Experimental GC-MS | GC-MS Spectrum - Pyridoxal GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (Non-derivatized) | splash10-0aou-3974000000-8c963fdc714896ad343a | 2014-06-16 | HMDB team, MONA, MassBank | View Spectrum | Experimental GC-MS | GC-MS Spectrum - Pyridoxal GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (Non-derivatized) | splash10-001j-0590000000-ed8a55680a0c9fa9cbaf | 2014-06-16 | HMDB team, MONA, MassBank | View Spectrum | Experimental GC-MS | GC-MS Spectrum - Pyridoxal GC-MS (1 MEOX; 2 TMS) | splash10-0a4i-5695000000-bd3bb22a5dd4a600cb6c | 2014-06-16 | HMDB team, MONA, MassBank | View Spectrum | Experimental GC-MS | GC-MS Spectrum - Pyridoxal GC-MS (1 MEOX; 2 TMS) | splash10-0aor-5895000000-e55e01ca30d17d2a8a72 | 2014-06-16 | HMDB team, MONA, MassBank | View Spectrum | Experimental GC-MS | GC-MS Spectrum - Pyridoxal GC-MS (Non-derivatized) | splash10-0a4i-5695000000-bd3bb22a5dd4a600cb6c | 2017-09-12 | HMDB team, MONA, MassBank | View Spectrum | Experimental GC-MS | GC-MS Spectrum - Pyridoxal GC-MS (Non-derivatized) | splash10-0aor-5895000000-e55e01ca30d17d2a8a72 | 2017-09-12 | HMDB team, MONA, MassBank | View Spectrum | Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - Pyridoxal GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive | splash10-000i-1900000000-56d1f96c5ac868ce42a6 | 2016-09-22 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - Pyridoxal GC-MS (2 TMS) - 70eV, Positive | splash10-00fs-6190000000-78d7f54ce0c5338f815f | 2017-10-06 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - Pyridoxal GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | 2021-10-12 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum |
MS/MS SpectraSpectrum Type | Description | Splash Key | Deposition Date | Source | View |
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Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Pyridoxal Quattro_QQQ 10V, Positive-QTOF (Annotated) | splash10-0002-0900000000-4ce3f52baa36006ef4b2 | 2012-07-24 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Pyridoxal Quattro_QQQ 25V, Positive-QTOF (Annotated) | splash10-00kg-9500000000-658a96f6cda4a96de045 | 2012-07-24 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Pyridoxal Quattro_QQQ 40V, Positive-QTOF (Annotated) | splash10-0gbc-9000000000-233fc8ab067b0dcd1f14 | 2012-07-24 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Pyridoxal LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 10V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-014i-0900000000-c49b207cafcf1c21302d | 2012-08-31 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Pyridoxal LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 20V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-000i-0900000000-cad83f5f123a879fa0bb | 2012-08-31 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Pyridoxal LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 30V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-0a4i-0900000000-4f12feae0e11a6d9016b | 2012-08-31 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Pyridoxal LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 40V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-0a4i-2900000000-56fcdbb9b4363c84d2d0 | 2012-08-31 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Pyridoxal LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 50V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-056r-9400000000-9700c9585f6c540bf007 | 2012-08-31 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Pyridoxal LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 10V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0gb9-0900000000-e646a99b0c1521d1c8dd | 2012-08-31 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Pyridoxal LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 20V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0udi-0900000000-8fce1a7d8ceb3fced3ed | 2012-08-31 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Pyridoxal LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 30V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0udl-6900000000-e2fc0eaa17e57d0a2556 | 2012-08-31 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Pyridoxal LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 40V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-00kf-9200000000-0bda29931f8b6f2fcc77 | 2012-08-31 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Pyridoxal LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 50V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-014l-9000000000-469c127d1aef4f8a51d7 | 2012-08-31 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Pyridoxal LC-ESI-QTOF (UPLC Q-Tof Premier, Waters) , Positive-QTOF | splash10-0udi-2900000000-63ebef5a0818d6a1ccb8 | 2012-08-31 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Pyridoxal LC-ESI-QTOF (UPLC Q-Tof Premier, Waters) , Negative-QTOF | splash10-05n0-0900000000-f468a00d88bedc116485 | 2012-08-31 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Pyridoxal LC-ESI-QQ , negative-QTOF | splash10-014i-0900000000-c49b207cafcf1c21302d | 2017-09-14 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Pyridoxal LC-ESI-QQ , negative-QTOF | splash10-000i-0900000000-bf0686eb8e3c28c30e85 | 2017-09-14 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Pyridoxal LC-ESI-QQ , negative-QTOF | splash10-0a4i-0900000000-686848e0f222273e5089 | 2017-09-14 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Pyridoxal LC-ESI-QQ , negative-QTOF | splash10-0a4i-2900000000-99577e7f4a39e47c5c42 | 2017-09-14 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Pyridoxal 10V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0uxr-0900000000-7f4ef736d1a810b2e8ab | 2015-05-27 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Pyridoxal 20V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0udi-0900000000-9c4ead9423b52a47b2fe | 2015-05-27 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Pyridoxal 40V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0udi-9500000000-aa6a11948622748c8469 | 2015-05-27 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Pyridoxal 10V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-014i-0900000000-dd6386614990770eaae5 | 2015-05-27 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Pyridoxal 20V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-000i-0900000000-e9de9bab2598f0316525 | 2015-05-27 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Pyridoxal 40V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-0abc-9300000000-f4bc767c42577b6a1d5f | 2015-05-27 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum |
NMR SpectraSpectrum Type | Description | Deposition Date | Source | View |
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Experimental 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, H2O, experimental) | 2012-12-04 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-29 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-29 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-29 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-29 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-29 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-29 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-29 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-29 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-29 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-29 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-29 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-29 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-29 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-29 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-29 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-29 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-29 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-29 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-29 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-29 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Experimental 2D NMR | [1H, 13C]-HSQC NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, H2O, experimental) | 2012-12-05 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum |
IR SpectraSpectrum Type | Description | Deposition Date | Source | View |
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Predicted IR Spectrum | IR Ion Spectrum (Predicted IRIS Spectrum, Adduct: [M-H]-) | 2023-02-03 | FELIX lab | View Spectrum | Predicted IR Spectrum | IR Ion Spectrum (Predicted IRIS Spectrum, Adduct: [M+H]+) | 2023-02-03 | FELIX lab | View Spectrum | Predicted IR Spectrum | IR Ion Spectrum (Predicted IRIS Spectrum, Adduct: [M+Na]+) | 2023-02-03 | FELIX lab | View Spectrum |
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Disease References | Sickle cell anemia |
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- Nelson MC, Zemel BS, Kawchak DA, Barden EM, Frongillo EA Jr, Coburn SP, Ohene-Frempong K, Stallings VA: Vitamin B6 status of children with sickle cell disease. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2002 Aug-Sep;24(6):463-9. [PubMed:12218594 ]
| Epilepsy, early-onset, vitamin B6-dependent |
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- Darin N, Reid E, Prunetti L, Samuelsson L, Husain RA, Wilson M, El Yacoubi B, Footitt E, Chong WK, Wilson LC, Prunty H, Pope S, Heales S, Lascelles K, Champion M, Wassmer E, Veggiotti P, de Crecy-Lagard V, Mills PB, Clayton PT: Mutations in PROSC Disrupt Cellular Pyridoxal Phosphate Homeostasis and Cause Vitamin-B6-Dependent Epilepsy. Am J Hum Genet. 2016 Dec 1;99(6):1325-1337. doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2016.10.011. [PubMed:27912044 ]
| Colorectal cancer |
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- Sinha R, Ahn J, Sampson JN, Shi J, Yu G, Xiong X, Hayes RB, Goedert JJ: Fecal Microbiota, Fecal Metabolome, and Colorectal Cancer Interrelations. PLoS One. 2016 Mar 25;11(3):e0152126. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152126. eCollection 2016. [PubMed:27015276 ]
- Goedert JJ, Sampson JN, Moore SC, Xiao Q, Xiong X, Hayes RB, Ahn J, Shi J, Sinha R: Fecal metabolomics: assay performance and association with colorectal cancer. Carcinogenesis. 2014 Sep;35(9):2089-96. doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgu131. Epub 2014 Jul 18. [PubMed:25037050 ]
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General References | - Rajamohan F, Nelms L, Joslin DL, Lu B, Reagan WJ, Lawton M: cDNA cloning, expression, purification, distribution, and characterization of biologically active canine alanine aminotransferase-1. Protein Expr Purif. 2006 Jul;48(1):81-9. Epub 2006 Jan 30. [PubMed:16495081 ]
- Huang YC, Lan PH, Cheng CH, Lee BJ, Kan MN: Vitamin B6 intakes and status of mechanically ventilated critically ill patients in Taiwan. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2002 May;56(5):387-92. [PubMed:12001008 ]
- Fonda ML: Vitamin B6 metabolism and binding to proteins in the blood of alcoholic and nonalcoholic men. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1993 Dec;17(6):1171-8. [PubMed:8116826 ]
- el-Habet AE, el-Sewedy SM, el-Sharaky A, Gaafar NK, Abdel-Rafee A, Hamoud F: Biochemical studies on bilharzial and nonbilharzial hyperoxaluria: effect of pyridoxine and allopurinol treatment. Biochem Med Metab Biol. 1987 Aug;38(1):1-8. [PubMed:3663392 ]
- Mehansho H, Henderson LM: Transport and accumulation of pyridoxine and pyridoxal by erythrocytes. J Biol Chem. 1980 Dec 25;255(24):11901-7. [PubMed:7440576 ]
- Kark JA, Bongiovanni R, Hicks CU, Tarassoff PG, Hannah JS, Yoshida GY: Modification of intracellular hemoglobin with pyridoxal and pyridoxal 5'-phosphate. Blood Cells. 1982;8(2):299-314. [PubMed:7159754 ]
- Bosse TR, Donald EA: The vitamin B6 requirement in oral contraceptive users. I. Assessment by pyridoxal level and transferase activity in erythrocytes. Am J Clin Nutr. 1979 May;32(5):1015-23. [PubMed:433818 ]
- Linares P, Luque de Castro MD, Valcarcel M: Simultaneous determination of pyridoxal and pyridoxal 5-phosphate in human serum by flow injection analysis. Anal Chem. 1985 Sep;57(11):2101-6. [PubMed:4051187 ]
- Schenker S, Johnson RF, Mahuren JD, Henderson GI, Coburn SP: Human placental vitamin B6 (pyridoxal) transport: normal characteristics and effects of ethanol. Am J Physiol. 1992 Jun;262(6 Pt 2):R966-74. [PubMed:1621875 ]
- Brenner A, Wapnir RA: A pyridoxine-dependent behavioral disorder unmasked by isoniazid. Am J Dis Child. 1978 Aug;132(8):773-6. [PubMed:150790 ]
- Kark JA, Tarassoff PG, Bongiovanni R: Pyridoxal phosphate as an antisickling agent in vitro. J Clin Invest. 1983 May;71(5):1224-9. [PubMed:6853710 ]
- Yiakouvaki A, Savovic J, Al-Qenaei A, Dowden J, Pourzand C: Caged-iron chelators a novel approach towards protecting skin cells against UVA-induced necrotic cell death. J Invest Dermatol. 2006 Oct;126(10):2287-95. Epub 2006 May 18. [PubMed:16710308 ]
- Elshenawy S, Pinney SE, Stuart T, Doulias PT, Zura G, Parry S, Elovitz MA, Bennett MJ, Bansal A, Strauss JF 3rd, Ischiropoulos H, Simmons RA: The Metabolomic Signature of the Placenta in Spontaneous Preterm Birth. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Feb 4;21(3). pii: ijms21031043. doi: 10.3390/ijms21031043. [PubMed:32033212 ]
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