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Human Metabolome Database Version 2.5

 

Showing metabocard for Deoxycorticosterone (HMDB00016)

Legend: metabolite field enzyme field

Version 2.5
Creation Date 2005-11-16 15:48:42
Update Date 2009-11-12 14:30:47
Accession Number HMDB00016
Secondary Accession Numbers Not Available
Common Name Deoxycorticosterone
Description Deoxycorticosterone is a steroid or mineralocorticoid secreted by the zona fasiculata of the adrenal cortex. Deoxycorticsterone acts as a precursor to aldosterone. Deoxycorticosterone is not a major secretory hormone. It is produced from progesterone by 21beta-hydroxylase and is converted to corticosterone by 11beta-hydroxylase. Corticosterone is then converted to aldosterone by aldosterone synthase. Deoxycorticosterone stimulates the collecting tubules in the kidney to continue to excrete potassium in much the same way that aldosterone does. Deoxycorticosterone has about 1/20 of the sodium retaining power of aldosterone and about 1/5 the potassium excreting power of aldosterone [Wikipedia]. Deoxycorticosterone can be used to treat adrenal insufficiency. In particular, desoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) is used as replacement therapy in Addison's disease.
Synonyms
  1. 11-Dehydroxycorticosterone
  2. 11-Deoxycorticosterone
  3. 11-Desoxycorticosterone
  4. 11-deoxy-Corticosterone
  5. 21-Hydroxy-3,20-dioxopregn-4-ene
  6. 21-Hydroxy-D4-pregnane-3,20-dione
  7. 21-Hydroxy-D4-pregnene-3,20-dione
  8. 21-Hydroxypregn-4-ene-3,20-dione
  9. 21-Hydroxyprogesterone
  10. 21-hydroxy-Pregn-4-ene-3,20-dione
  11. 21-hydroxy-Progesterone
  12. 4-Pregnen-21-ol-3,20-dione
  13. Cortexone
  14. D4-Pregnene-21-ol-3,20-dione
  15. DOC
  16. Deoxycortone
  17. Desoxycorticosterone
  18. Desoxycortone
  19. Doca
  20. Kendall's desoxy compound B
  21. Reichstein's substance Q
Chemical IUPAC Name 17-(2-hydroxyacetyl)-10,13-dimethyl-1,2,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one
Chemical Formula C21H30O3
Chemical Structure Structure
Chemical Taxonomy
Kingdom
  • Organic
Super Class
  • Cholesterols and derivatives
Class
  • Steroids and Steroid Derivatives
Sub Class
  • Ketosteroids
Family
  • Mammalian Metabolite
Species
  • ketone
  • primary alcohol
  • alkene
Biofunction
  • Hormones, Membrane component
Application
—
Source
  • Endogenous
Average Molecular Weight 330.461
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight 330.219482
Isomeric SMILES C[C@]12CC[C@H]3[C@@H](CCC4=CC(=O)CC[C@]34C)[C@@H]1CC[C@@H]2C(=O)CO
Canonical SMILES CC12CCC3C(CCC4=CC(=O)CCC34C)C1CCC2C(=O)CO
KEGG Compound ID C03205 Link Image
BioCyc ID 11-DEOXYCORTICOSTERONE Link Image
BiGG ID 41397 Link Image
Wikipedia Link Deoxycorticosterone Link Image
NuGOwiki Link HMDB00016 Link Image
Metagene Link HMDB00016 Link Image
METLIN ID 5089 Link Image
PubChem Compound 6166 Link Image
PubChem Substance 11466985 Link Image
ChEBI ID 16973 Link Image
CAS Registry Number 64-85-7
InChI Identifier InChI=1/C21H30O3/c1-20-9-7-14(23)11-13(20)3-4-15-16-5-6-18(19(24)12-22)21(16,2)10-8-17(15)20/h11,15-18,22H,3-10,12H2,1-2H3/t15-,16-,17-,18+,20-,21-/m0/s1
Synthesis Reference Mattox V R; Goodrich J E; Vrieze W D Synthesis of C-21 glucosiduronates of cortisone and related corticosteroids. Biochemistry (1969), 8(3), 1188-99.
Melting Point (Experimental) 141-142 oC
Experimental Water Solubility 0.0595 mg/mL at 37 oC [YALKOWSKY,SH & DANNENFELSER,RM (1992)] Source: PhysProp
Predicted Water Solubility 0.0167 mg/mL [Predicted by ALOGPS] Calculated using ALOGPS
Physiological Charge 0
State Solid
Experimental LogP/Hydrophobicity 2.88 [HANSCH,C ET AL. (1995)] Source: PhysProp
Predicted LogP/Hydrophobicity 3.10 [Predicted by ALOGPS]; 2.5 [Predicted by PubChem via XLOGP] Calculated using ALOGPS
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)
MOL File Show
SDF File Show
PDB File Show
2D Structure
3D Structure
Experimental PDB ID Not Available
Experimental 1H NMR Spectrum Download Spectrum
Download FID (Varian)
Show Experimental Conditions Link Image
Experimental 13C NMR Spectrum Not Available
Experimental 13C HSQC Spectrum Download Spectrum
Download FID (Bruker)
Show Experimental Conditions Link Image
Predicted 1H NMR Spectrum Show Image
Show Peaklist
Predicted 13C NMR Spectrum Show Image
Show Peaklist
Mass Spectrum
Low Energy
Download File
Show Experimental Conditions Link Image
Medium Energy
Download File
Show Experimental Conditions Link Image
High Energy
Download File
Show Experimental Conditions Link Image
Simplified TOCSY Spectrum Not Available
BMRB Spectrum Not Available
Cellular Location
  • Membrane
  • Cytoplasm
  • endoplasmic reticulum
  • mitochondria
Biofluid Location
  • Blood
Tissue Location
Tissue References
All Tissues —
Concentrations (Normal)
Biofluid Blood
Value 0.073 (0.034-0.11) uM
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex Female
Patient information Normal
Comments Not Available
References
  • Pakravan P, Kenny FM, Depp R, Allen AC: Familial congenital absence of adrenal glands; evaluation of glucocorticoid, mineralocorticoid, and estrogen metabolism in the perinatal period. J Pediatr. 1974 Jan;84(1):74-8. [PubMed Link Image]
Concentrations (Abnormal) Not Available
Associated Disorders Not Available
OMIM ID Not Available
Pathways
Name SMPDB Link KEGG Link
Steroidogenesis SMP00130 Link Image map00140 Link Image
General References
  1. Muto S, Akai Y, Ono S, Kusano E, Asano Y: Selective hypoaldosteronism due to combined defects of the conversion from inactive renin to active renin and the aldosterone biosynthesis from corticosterone. Nephron. 2001 Jul;88(3):247-53. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Bruynseels J, De Coster R, Van Rooy P, Wouters W, Coene MC, Snoeck E, Raeymaekers A, Freyne E, Sanz G, Vanden Bussche G, et al.: R 75251, a new inhibitor of steroid biosynthesis. Prostate. 1990;16(4):345-57. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Holmes NM, Miller WL, Baskin LS: Lack of defects in androgen production in children with hypospadias. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004 Jun;89(6):2811-6. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Sippell WG, Muller-Holve W, Dorr HG, Bidlingmaier F, Knorr D: Concentrations of aldosterone, corticosterone, 11-deoxycorticosterone, progesterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, 11-deoxycortisol, cortisol, and cortisone determined simultaneously in human amniotic fluid throughout gestation. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1981 Mar;52(3):385-92. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Namiki M, Koh E, Meguro N, Kondoh N, Kiyohara H, Okuyama A, Sakoda S, Matsumoto K, Sonoda T: Extraadrenal expression of steroid 21-hydroxylase and 11 beta-hydroxylase by a benign testicular Leydig cell tumor. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 1991 Dec;39(6):897-901. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Wyss JM, Oparil S, Sripairojthikoon W: Neuronal control of the kidney: contribution to hypertension. Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 1992 May;70(5):759-70. [PubMed Link Image]
  7. Pakravan P, Kenny FM, Depp R, Allen AC: Familial congenital absence of adrenal glands; evaluation of glucocorticoid, mineralocorticoid, and estrogen metabolism in the perinatal period. J Pediatr. 1974 Jan;84(1):74-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  8. Krone N, Riepe FG, Grotzinger J, Partsch CJ, Sippell WG: Functional characterization of two novel point mutations in the CYP21 gene causing simple virilizing forms of congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005 Jan;90(1):445-54. Epub 2004 Oct 13. [PubMed Link Image]
  9. Deng PY, Li YJ: Calcitonin gene-related peptide and hypertension. Peptides. 2005 Sep;26(9):1676-85. Epub 2005 Mar 2. [PubMed Link Image]
  10. Funder JW: Mineralocorticoid receptors: distribution and activation. Heart Fail Rev. 2005 Jan;10(1):15-22. [PubMed Link Image]
  11. Bassett MH, White PC, Rainey WE: The regulation of aldosterone synthase expression. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2004 Mar 31;217(1-2):67-74. [PubMed Link Image]
  12. White PC, Tusie-Luna MT, New MI, Speiser PW: Mutations in steroid 21-hydroxylase (CYP21). Hum Mutat. 1994;3(4):373-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  13. Ahmad N, Romero DG, Gomez-Sanchez EP, Gomez-Sanchez CE: Do human vascular endothelial cells produce aldosterone? Endocrinology. 2004 Aug;145(8):3626-9. Epub 2004 Apr 29. [PubMed Link Image]
  14. Mussig K, Wehrmann M, Horger M, Maser-Gluth C, Haring HU, Overkamp D: Adrenocortical carcinoma producing 11-deoxycorticosterone: a rare cause of mineralocorticoid hypertension. J Endocrinol Invest. 2005 Jan;28(1):61-5. [PubMed Link Image]
  15. Azar ST, Melby JC: 19-Nor-deoxycorticosterone production from aldosterone-producing adenomas. Hypertension. 1992 Apr;19(4):362-4. [PubMed Link Image]
  16. Bureik M, Bruck N, Hubel K, Bernhardt R: The human mineralocorticoid receptor only partially differentiates between different ligands after expression in fission yeast. FEMS Yeast Res. 2005 Apr;5(6-7):627-33. [PubMed Link Image]
  17. Mellon SH, Miller WL: Extraadrenal steroid 21-hydroxylation is not mediated by P450c21. J Clin Invest. 1989 Nov;84(5):1497-502. [PubMed Link Image]
  18. Hogan MJ, Schambelan M, Biglieri EG: Concurrent hypercortisolism and hypermineralocorticoidism. Am J Med. 1977 May;62(5):777-82. [PubMed Link Image]
  19. Ni W, Thompson JM, Northcott CA, Lookingland K, Watts SW: The serotonin transporter is present and functional in peripheral arterial smooth muscle. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2004 Jun;43(6):770-81. [PubMed Link Image]
  20. Campion J, Lahera V, Cachofeiro V, Maestro B, Davila N, Carranza MC, Calle C: In vivo tissue specific modulation of rat insulin receptor gene expression in an experimental model of mineralocorticoid excess. Mol Cell Biochem. 1998 Aug;185(1-2):177-82. [PubMed Link Image]
  21. Wikipedia Link Image
Metabolic Enzymes
  1. Cytochrome P450 11B1, mitochondrial precursor
  2. 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/Delta 5-->4-isomerase type I
  3. Cytochrome P450 11B2, mitochondrial precursor
  4. Cytochrome P450 21
  5. Glucocorticoid receptor
  6. Mineralocorticoid receptor
  7. Cytochrome P450, family 11, subfamily B, polypeptide 1
  8. cDNA FLJ75712, highly similar to Homo sapiens hydroxy-delta-5-steroid dehydrogenase, 3 beta- and steroid delta-isomerase 1
  9. Cytochrome P450 21-hydroxylase
  10. HSD3B2 protein
  11. Cytochrome P450, family 21, subfamily A, polypeptide 2
  12. Mitochondrial cytochrome P450, family 11, subfamily B, polypeptide 2 (Cytochrome P450, family 11, subfamily B, polypeptide 2)
Enzyme 1 [top]
Enzyme 1 ID 5683
Enzyme 1 Name Cytochrome P450 11B1, mitochondrial precursor
Enzyme 1 Synonyms
  1. CYPXIB1
  2. P450C11
  3. P-450c11
  4. Steroid 11-beta-hydroxylase
Enzyme 1 Gene Name CYP11B1
Enzyme 1 Protein Sequence >Cytochrome P450 11B1, mitochondrial precursor 
MALRAKAEVCMAVPWLSLQRAQALGTRAARVPRTVLPFEAMPQRPGNRWLRLLQIWREQG
YEDLHLEVHQTFQELGPIFRYDLGGAGMVCVMLPEDVEKLQQVDSLHPHRMSLEPWVAYR
QHRGHKCGVFLLNGPEWRFNRLRLNPEVLSPNAVQRFLPMVDAVARDFSQALKKKVLQNA
RGSLTLDVQPSIFHYTIEASNLALFGERLGLVGHSPSSASLNFLHALEVMFKSTVQLMFM
PRSLSRWTSPKVWKEHFEAWDCIFQYGDNCIQKIYQELAFSRPQQYTSIVAELLLNAELS
PDAIKANSMELTAGSVDTTVFPLLMTLFELARNPNVQQALRQESLAAAASISEHPQKATT
ELPLLRAALKETLRLYPVGLFLERVVSSDLVLQNYHIPAGTLVRVFLYSLGRNPALFPRP
ERYNPQRWLDIRGSGRNFYHVPFGFGMRQCLGRRLAEAEMLLLLHHVLKHLQVETLTQED
IKMVYSFILRPSMCPLLTFRAIN
Enzyme 1 Number of Residues 503
Enzyme 1 Molecular Weight 57530
Enzyme 1 Theoretical pI 9.42
Enzyme 1 GO Classification
Function
  • binding
  • catalytic activity
  • cation binding
  • heme binding
  • ion binding
  • iron ion binding
  • monooxygenase activity
  • oxidoreductase activity
  • tetrapyrrole binding
  • transition metal ion binding
Process
  • cellular metabolism
  • electron transport
  • generation of precursor metabolites and energy
  • metabolism
  • physiological process
Component
—
Enzyme 1 General Function Secondary metabolites biosynthesis, transport and catabolism
Enzyme 1 Specific Function Has steroid 11-beta-hydroxylase activity. In addition to this activity, the 18 or 19-hydroxylation of steroids and the aromatization of androstendione to estrone have also been ascribed to cytochrome P450 XIB
Enzyme 1 Pathways
Enzyme 1 Reactions
  • a steroid + reduced adrenal ferredoxin + O2 = an 11beta-hydroxysteroid + oxidized adrenal ferredoxin + H2O
Enzyme 1 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 1 Signals
  • 1-23
Enzyme 1 Transmembrane Regions Not Available
Enzyme 1 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 1 GenBank ID Protein 181333 Link Image
Enzyme 1 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P15538 Link Image
Enzyme 1 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name C11B1_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 1 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 1 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 1 Gene Sequence >1512 bp 
ATGGCACTCAGGGCAAAGGCAGAGGTGTGCATGGCAGTGCCCTGGCTGTCCCTGCAAAGG
GCACAGGCACTGGGCACGAGAGCCGCCCGGGTCCCCAGGACAGTGCTGCCCTTTGAAGCC
ATGCCCCGGCGTCCAGGCAACAGGTGGCTGAGGCTGCTGCAGATCTGGAGGGAGCAGGGT
TATGAGGACCTGCACCTGGAAGTACACCAGACCTTCCAGGAACTGGGGCCCATTTTCAGG
TACGATTTGGGAGGAGCAGGCATGGTGTGTGTGATGCTGCCGGAGGACGTGGAGAAGCTG
CAACAGGTGGACAGCCTGCATCCCCACAGGATGAGCCTGGAGCCCTGGGTGGCCTACAGA
CAACATCGTGGGCACAAATGTGGCGTGTTCTTGCTGAATGGGCCTGAATGGCGCTTCAAC
CGATTGCGGCTGAATCCAGAAGTGCTGTCGCCCAACGCTGTGCAGAGGTTCCTCCCGATG
GTGGATGCAGTGGCCAGGGACTTCTCCCAGGCCCTGAAGAAGAAGGTGCTGCAGAACGCC
CGGGGGAGCCTGACCCTGGACGTCCAGCCCAGCATCTTCCACTACACCATAGAAGCCAGC
AACTTGGCTCTTTTTGGAGAGCGGCTGGGCCTGGTTGGCCACAGCCCCAGTTCTGCCAGC
CTGAACTTCCTCCATGCCCTGGAGGTCATGTTCAAATCCACCGTCCAGCTCATGTTCATG
CCCAGGAGCCTGTCTCGCTGGACCAGCCCCAAGGTGTGGAAGGAGCACTTTGAGGCCTGG
GACTGCATCTTCCAGTACGGCGACAACTGTATCCAGAAAATCTATCAGGAACTGGCCTTC
AGCCGCCCTCAACAGTACACCAGCATCGTGGCGGAGCTCCTGTTGAATGCGGAACTGTCG
CCAGATGCCATCAAGGCCAACTCTATGGAACTCACTGCAGGGAGCGTGGACACGACGGTG
TTTCCCTTGCTGATGACGCTCTTTGAGCTGGCTCGGAACCCCAACGTGCAGCAGGCCCTG
CGCCAGGAGAGCCTGGCCGCCGCAGCCAGCATCAGTGAACATCCCCAGAAGGCAACCACC
GAGCTGCCCTTGCTGCGTGCGGCCCTCAAGGAGACCTTGCGGCTCTACCCTGTGGGTCTG
TTTCTGGAGCGAGTGGCGAGCTCAGACTTGGTGCTTCAGAACTACCACATCCCAGCTGGG
ACATTGGTGCGCGTGTTCCTCTACTCTCTGGGTCGCAACCCCGCCTTGTTCCCGAGGCCT
GAGCGCTATAACCCCCAGCGCTGGCTAGACATCAGGGGCTCCGGCAGGAACTTCTACCAC
GTGCCCTTTGGCTTTGGCATGCGCCAGTGCCTTGGGCGGCGCCTGGCAGAGGCAGAGATG
CTGCTGCTGCTGCACCATGTGCTGAAACACCTCCAGGTGGAGACACTAACCCAAGAGGAC
ATAAAGATGGTCTACAGCTTCATATTGAGGCCCAGCATGTGCCCCCTCCTCACCTTCAGA
GCCATCAACTAA
Enzyme 1 GenBank Gene ID M32879 Link Image
Enzyme 1 GeneCard ID CYP11B1 Link Image
Enzyme 1 GenAtlas ID CYP11B1 Link Image
Enzyme 1 HGNC ID HGNC:2591 Link Image
Enzyme 1 Chromosome Location 8
Enzyme 1 Locus 8q21
Enzyme 1 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 1 General References
  1. Mornet E, Dupont J, Vitek A, White PC: Characterization of two genes encoding human steroid 11 beta-hydroxylase (P-450(11) beta). J Biol Chem. 1989 Dec 15;264(35):20961-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Kawamoto T, Mitsuuchi Y, Toda K, Miyahara K, Yokoyama Y, Nakao K, Hosoda K, Yamamoto Y, Imura H, Shizuta Y: Cloning of cDNA and genomic DNA for human cytochrome P-45011 beta. FEBS Lett. 1990 Sep 3;269(2):345-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Naiki Y, Kawamoto T, Mitsuuchi Y, Miyahara K, Toda K, Orii T, Imura H, Shizuta Y: A nonsense mutation (TGG [Trp116]-->TAG [Stop]) in CYP11B1 causes steroid 11 beta-hydroxylase deficiency. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1993 Dec;77(6):1677-82. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Chua SC, Szabo P, Vitek A, Grzeschik KH, John M, White PC: Cloning of cDNA encoding steroid 11 beta-hydroxylase (P450c11). Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Oct;84(20):7193-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Kawamoto T, Mitsuuchi Y, Toda K, Yokoyama Y, Miyahara K, Miura S, Ohnishi T, Ichikawa Y, Nakao K, Imura H, et al.: Role of steroid 11 beta-hydroxylase and steroid 18-hydroxylase in the biosynthesis of glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids in humans. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Feb 15;89(4):1458-62. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. White PC, Dupont J, New MI, Leiberman E, Hochberg Z, Rosler A: A mutation in CYP11B1 (Arg-448----His) associated with steroid 11 beta-hydroxylase deficiency in Jews of Moroccan origin. J Clin Invest. 1991 May;87(5):1664-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  7. Joehrer K, Geley S, Strasser-Wozak EM, Azziz R, Wollmann HA, Schmitt K, Kofler R, White PC: CYP11B1 mutations causing non-classic adrenal hyperplasia due to 11 beta-hydroxylase deficiency. Hum Mol Genet. 1997 Oct;6(11):1829-34. [PubMed Link Image]
  8. Loidi L, Quinteiro C, Barros F, Dominguez F, Barreiro J, Pombo M: The C494F variant in the CYP11B1 gene is a sequence polymorphism in the Spanish population. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1999 Dec;84(12):4749. [PubMed Link Image]
  9. Cargill M, Altshuler D, Ireland J, Sklar P, Ardlie K, Patil N, Shaw N, Lane CR, Lim EP, Kalyanaraman N, Nemesh J, Ziaugra L, Friedland L, Rolfe A, Warrington J, Lipshutz R, Daley GQ, Lander ES: Characterization of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in coding regions of human genes. Nat Genet. 1999 Jul;22(3):231-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  10. Halushka MK, Fan JB, Bentley K, Hsie L, Shen N, Weder A, Cooper R, Lipshutz R, Chakravarti A: Patterns of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in candidate genes for blood-pressure homeostasis. Nat Genet. 1999 Jul;22(3):239-47. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 1 Metabolite References
  1. Curnow KM, Tusie-Luna MT, Pascoe L, Natarajan R, Gu JL, Nadler JL, White PC: The product of the CYP11B2 gene is required for aldosterone biosynthesis in the human adrenal cortex. Mol Endocrinol. 1991 Oct;5(10):1513-22. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 2 [top]
Enzyme 2 ID 5738
Enzyme 2 Name 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/Delta 5-->4-isomerase type I
Enzyme 2 Synonyms
  1. 3- beta-HSD I
  2. Trophoblast antigen FDO161G[Includes: 3-beta-hydroxy- Delta(5-steroid dehydrogenase
  3. 3-beta-hydroxy-5-ene steroid dehydrogenase
  4. Progesterone reductase
  5. Steroid Delta- isomerase
  6. Delta-5-3-ketosteroid isomerase]
Enzyme 2 Gene Name HSD3B1
Enzyme 2 Protein Sequence >4-isomerase type I 
MTGWSCLVTGAGGFLGQRIIRLLVKEKELKEIRVLDKAFGPELREEFSKLQNKTKLTVLE
GDILDEPFLKRACQDVSVIIHTACIIDVFGVTHRESIMNVNVKGTQLLLEACVQASVPVF
IYTSSIEVAGPNSYKEIIQNGHEEEPLENTWPAPYPHSKKLAEKAVLAANGWNLKNGGTL
YTCALRPMYIYGEGSRFLSASINEALNNNGILSSVGKFSTVNPVYVGNVAWAHILALRAL
QDPKKAPSIRGQFYYISDDTPHQSYDNLNYTLSKEFGLRLDSRWSFPLSLMYWIGFLLEI
VSFLLRPIYTYRPPFNRHIVTLSNSVFTFSYKKAQRDLAYKPLYSWEEAKQKTVEWVGSL
VDRHKETLKSKTQ
Enzyme 2 Number of Residues 373
Enzyme 2 Molecular Weight 42252
Enzyme 2 Theoretical pI 8.98
Enzyme 2 GO Classification
Function
  • 3-beta-hydroxy-delta5-steroid dehydrogenase activity
  • catalytic activity
  • intramolecular oxidoreductase activity
  • intramolecular oxidoreductase activity, transposing C=C bonds
  • isomerase activity
  • oxidoreductase activity
  • oxidoreductase activity, acting on CH-OH group of donors
  • oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-OH group of donors, NAD or NADP as acceptor
  • steroid dehydrogenase activity
  • steroid delta-isomerase activity
Process
  • cellular lipid metabolism
  • lipid metabolism
  • metabolism
  • physiological process
  • primary metabolism
  • steroid biosynthesis
  • steroid metabolism
Component
—
Enzyme 2 General Function Cell wall/membrane/envelope biogenesis
Enzyme 2 Specific Function 3-beta-HSD is a bifunctional enzyme, that catalyzes the oxidative conversion of Delta(5)-ene-3-beta-hydroxy steroid, and the oxidative conversion of ketosteroids. The 3-beta-HSD enzymatic system plays a crucial role in the biosynthesis of all classes of hormonal steroids
Enzyme 2 Pathways
Enzyme 2 Reactions
  • A 3-oxo-delta5-steroid = a 3-oxo-delta4-steroid
Enzyme 2 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 2 Signals
  • 1-13
Enzyme 2 Transmembrane Regions
  • 288-308
Enzyme 2 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 2 GenBank ID Protein 306889 Link Image
Enzyme 2 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P14060 Link Image
Enzyme 2 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name 3BHS1_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 2 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 2 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 2 Gene Sequence >1122 bp 
ATGACGGGCTGGAGCTGCCTTGTGACAGGAGCAGGAGGGTTTCTGGGACAGAGGATCATC
CGCCTCTTGGTGAAGGAGAAGGAGCTGAAGGAGATCAGGGTCTTGGACAAGGCCTTCGGA
CCAGAATTGAGAGAGGAATTTTCTAAACTCCAGAACAAGACCAAGCTGACAGTGCTGGAA
GGAGACATTCTGGATGAGCCATTCCTGAAGAGAGCCTGCCAGGACGTCTCGGTCATCATC
CACACCGCCTGTATCATTGATGTCTTCGGTGTCACTCACAGAGAGTCTATCATGAATGTC
AATGTGAAAGGTACCCAGCTCCTGTTAGAGGCCTGTGTCCAAGCTAGTGTGCCAGTCTTC
ATCTACACCAGTAGCATAGAGGTAGCCGGGCCCAACTCCTACAAGGAAATCATCCAGAAT
GGCCATGAAGAAGAGCCTCTGGAAAACACATGGCCCGCTCCATACCCACACAGCAAAAAG
CTTGCTGAGAAGGCTGTACTGGCGGCTAACGGGTGGAATCTGAAAAACGGCGGCACCCTG
TACACTTGTGCCTTACGACCCATGTATATCTATGGGGAAGGAAGCCGATTCCTTTCTGCT
AGTATAAACGAGGCCCTGAACAACAATGGGATCCTGTCAAGTGTTGGAAAGTTCTCCACT
GTTAACCCAGTCTATGTTGGCAATGTGGCCTGGGCCCACATTCTGGCCTTGAGGGCCCTG
CAGGACCCCAAGAAGGCCCCAAGCATCCGAGGACAGTTCTACTATATCTCAGATGACACG
CCTCACCAAAGCTATGATAACCTTAATTACACCCTGAGCAAAGAGTTCGGCCTCCGCCTT
GATTCCAGATGGAGCTTTCCTTTATCCCTGATGTATTGGATTGGCTTCCTGCTGGAAATA
GTGAGCTTCCTACTCAGGCCAATTTACACCTATCGACCGCCCTTCAACCGCCACATAGTC
ACATTGTCAAATAGCGTATTCACCTTCTCTTATAAGAAGGCTCAGCGAGATCTGGCGTAT
AAGCCACTCTACAGCTGGGAGGAAGCCAAGCAGAAAACGGTGGAGTGGGTTGGTTCCCTT
GTGGACCGGCACAAGGAGACCCTGAAGTCCAAGACTCAGTGA
Enzyme 2 GenBank Gene ID M27137 Link Image
Enzyme 2 GeneCard ID HSD3B1 Link Image
Enzyme 2 GenAtlas ID HSD3B1 Link Image
Enzyme 2 HGNC ID HGNC:5217 Link Image
Enzyme 2 Chromosome Location Not Available
Enzyme 2 Locus Not Available
Enzyme 2 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 2 General References
  1. Luu The V, Lachance Y, Labrie C, Leblanc G, Thomas JL, Strickler RC, Labrie F: Full length cDNA structure and deduced amino acid sequence of human 3 beta-hydroxy-5-ene steroid dehydrogenase. Mol Endocrinol. 1989 Aug;3(8):1310-2. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Lorence MC, Murry BA, Trant JM, Mason JI: Human 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/delta 5----4isomerase from placenta: expression in nonsteroidogenic cells of a protein that catalyzes the dehydrogenation/isomerization of C21 and C19 steroids. Endocrinology. 1990 May;126(5):2493-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Lorence MC, Corbin CJ, Kamimura N, Mahendroo MS, Mason JI: Structural analysis of the gene encoding human 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/delta 5----4-isomerase. Mol Endocrinol. 1990 Dec;4(12):1850-5. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Lachance Y, Luu-The V, Labrie C, Simard J, Dumont M, de Launoit Y, Guerin S, Leblanc G, Labrie F: Characterization of human 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/delta 5-delta 4-isomerase gene and its expression in mammalian cells. J Biol Chem. 1990 Nov 25;265(33):20469-75. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Nickson DA, McBride MW, Zeinali S, Hawes CS, Petropoulos A, Mueller UW, Sutcliffe RG: Molecular cloning and expression of human trophoblast antigen FDO161G and its identification as 3 beta-hydroxy-5-ene steroid dehydrogenase. J Reprod Fertil. 1991 Sep;93(1):149-56. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Dumont M, Luu-The V, Dupont E, Pelletier G, Labrie F: Characterization, expression, and immunohistochemical localization of 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/delta 5-delta 4 isomerase in human skin. J Invest Dermatol. 1992 Oct;99(4):415-21. [PubMed Link Image]
  7. Cargill M, Altshuler D, Ireland J, Sklar P, Ardlie K, Patil N, Shaw N, Lane CR, Lim EP, Kalyanaraman N, Nemesh J, Ziaugra L, Friedland L, Rolfe A, Warrington J, Lipshutz R, Daley GQ, Lander ES: Characterization of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in coding regions of human genes. Nat Genet. 1999 Jul;22(3):231-8. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 2 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 3 [top]
Enzyme 3 ID 5808
Enzyme 3 Name Cytochrome P450 11B2, mitochondrial precursor
Enzyme 3 Synonyms
  1. CYPXIB2
  2. P-450Aldo
  3. Aldosterone synthase
  4. ALDOS
  5. Aldosterone-synthesizing enzyme
  6. Steroid 18-hydroxylase
  7. P-450C18
Enzyme 3 Gene Name CYP11B2
Enzyme 3 Protein Sequence >Cytochrome P450 11B2, mitochondrial precursor 
MALRAKAEVCVAAPWLSLQRARALGTRAARAPRTVLPFEAMPQHPGNRWLRLLQIWREQG
YEHLHLEMHQTFQELGPIFRYNLGGPRMVCVMLPEDVEKLQQVDSLHPCRMILEPWVAYR
QHRGHKCGVFLLNGPEWRFNRLRLNPDVLSPKAVQRFLPMVDAVARDFSQALKKKVLQNA
RGSLTLDVQPSIFHYTIEASNLALFGERLGLVGHSPSSASLNFLHALEVMFKSTVQLMFM
PRSLSRWISPKVWKEHFEAWDCIFQYGDNCIQKIYQELAFNRPQHYTGIVAELLLKAELS
LEAIKANSMELTAGSVDTTAFPLLMTLFELARNPDVQQILRQESLAAAASISEHPQKATT
ELPLLRAALKETLRLYPVGLFLERVVSSDLVLQNYHIPAGTLVQVFLYSLGRNAALFPRP
ERYNPQRWLDIRGSGRNFHHVPFGFGMRQCLGRRLAEAEMLLLLHHVLKHFLVETLTQED
IKMVYSFILRPGTSPLLTFRAIN
Enzyme 3 Number of Residues 503
Enzyme 3 Molecular Weight 57561
Enzyme 3 Theoretical pI 9.78
Enzyme 3 GO Classification
Function
  • binding
  • catalytic activity
  • cation binding
  • heme binding
  • ion binding
  • iron ion binding
  • monooxygenase activity
  • oxidoreductase activity
  • tetrapyrrole binding
  • transition metal ion binding
Process
  • cellular metabolism
  • electron transport
  • generation of precursor metabolites and energy
  • metabolism
  • physiological process
Component
—
Enzyme 3 General Function Secondary metabolites biosynthesis, transport and catabolism
Enzyme 3 Specific Function Preferentially catalyzes the conversion of 11- deoxycorticosterone to aldosterone via corticosterone and 18- hydroxycorticosterone
Enzyme 3 Pathways
Enzyme 3 Reactions
  • corticosterone + reduced adrenal ferredoxin + O2 = 18-hydroxycorticosterone + oxidized adrenal ferredoxin + H2O
Enzyme 3 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 3 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 3 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 3 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 3 GenBank ID Protein 181340 Link Image
Enzyme 3 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P19099 Link Image
Enzyme 3 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name C11B2_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 3 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 3 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 3 Gene Sequence >1512 bp 
ATGGCACTCAGGGCAAAGGCAGAGGTGTGCGTGGCAGCGCCCTGGCTGTGCCTGCAAAGG
GCACGGGCACTGGGCACTAGAGCCGCTCGGGCCCCTAGGACGGTGCTGCCGTTTGAAGCC
ATGCCCCAGCATCCAGGCAACAGGTGGCTGAGGCTGCTGCAGATGTGGAGGGAGCAGGGT
TATGAGCACCTGCACCTGGAGATGCACCAGACCTTCCAGGAGCTGGGGCCCATTTTCAGG
TACAACTTGGGAGGACCACGCATGGTGTGTGTGATGCTGCCGGAGGATGTGGAGAAGCTG
CAACAGGTGGACAGCCTGCATCCCTGCAGGATGATCCTGGAGCCCTGGGTGGCCATCAGA
CAACATCGTGGGCACAAATGTGGCGTGTTCTTGTTGAATGGGCCTGAATGGCGCTTCAAC
CGATTGCGGCTGAACCCAGATGTGCTGTCGCCCAAGGCCGTGCAGAGGTTCCTCCCGATG
GTGGATGCAGTGGCCAGGGACTTTTCCCAGGCCCTGAGGAAGAAGGTGCTGCAGAACGCC
CGGGGGAGCCTGACCCTGGACGTCCAGCCCAGCATCTTCCACTACACCATAGAAGCCAGC
AACTTAGCTCTTTTTGGAGAGCGGCTGGGCCTGGTTGGCCACAGCCCCAGTTCTGCCAGC
CTGAACTTCCTCCATGCCCTGGAGGTCATGTTCAAATCCACCGTCCAGCTCATGTTCATG
CCCAGGAGCCTGTCTCGCTGGATCAGCCCCAAGGTGTGGAAGGAGCACTTTGAGGCCTGG
GACTGCATCTTCCAGTACGGTGACAACTGTATCCAGAAAATCTACCAGGAACTGGCCTTC
AACCGCCCTCAACACTACACAGGCATCGTGGCAGAGCTCCTGTTGAAGGCGGAACTGTCA
CTAGAAGCCATCAAGGCCAACTCTATGGAACTCACTGCAGGGAGCGTGGACACGACAGCG
TTTCCGTTGCTGATGACGCTCTTTGAGCTGGCTCGGAACCCCGACGTGCAGCAGATCCTG
CGCAAGGAGAGCCTGGCCGCCGCAGCCAGCATCAGTGAACATCCCCAGAAGGCAACCACC
GAGCTGCCCTTGCTGCGGGCGGCCCTCAAGGAGACCTTGAGGCTCTACCCTGTGGGTCTG
TTTTTGGAGCGAGTGGTGAGCTCAGACTTGGTGCTTCAGAACTACCACATCCCAGCTGGG
ACATTGGTACAGGTTTTCCTCTACTCGCTGGGTCGCAATGCCGCCTTGTTCCCGAGGCCT
GAGCGGTATAATCCCCAGCGCTGGCTAGACATCAGGGGCTCCGGCAGGAACTTGCACCAC
GTGCCCTTTGGCTTTGGCATGCGCCAGTGCCTCGGGCGGCGCCTGGCAGAGGCAGAGATG
CTGCTGCTGCTGCACCACGTGCTGAAGCGCTTCCTGGTGGAGACACTAACTCAAGAGGAC
ATAAAGATGGTCTACAGCTTCATATTGAGGCCTGGCACGTCCCCCCTCCTCACTTTCAGA
GCGATTAACTAG
Enzyme 3 GenBank Gene ID M32881 Link Image
Enzyme 3 GeneCard ID CYP11B2 Link Image
Enzyme 3 GenAtlas ID CYP11B2 Link Image
Enzyme 3 HGNC ID HGNC:2592 Link Image
Enzyme 3 Chromosome Location 8
Enzyme 3 Locus 8q21-q22
Enzyme 3 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 3 General References
  1. Mornet E, Dupont J, Vitek A, White PC: Characterization of two genes encoding human steroid 11 beta-hydroxylase (P-450(11) beta). J Biol Chem. 1989 Dec 15;264(35):20961-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Kawainoto T, Mitsuuchi Y, Ohnishi T, Ichikawa Y, Yokoyama Y, Sumimoto H, Toda K, Miyahara K, Kuribayashi I, Nakao K, et al.: Cloning and expression of a cDNA for human cytochrome P-450aldo as related to primary aldosteronism. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1990 Nov 30;173(1):309-16. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Pascoe L, Curnow KM, Slutsker L, Rosler A, White PC: Mutations in the human CYP11B2 (aldosterone synthase) gene causing corticosterone methyloxidase II deficiency. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Jun 1;89(11):4996-5000. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Mitsuuchi Y, Kawamoto T, Naiki Y, Miyahara K, Toda K, Kuribayashi I, Orii T, Yasuda K, Miura K, Nakao K, et al.: Congenitally defective aldosterone biosynthesis in humans: the involvement of point mutations of the P-450C18 gene (CYP11B2) in CMO II deficient patients. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1992 Jan 31;182(2):974-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Mitsuuchi Y, Kawamoto T, Miyahara K, Ulick S, Morton DH, Naiki Y, Kuribayashi I, Toda K, Hara T, Orii T, et al.: Congenitally defective aldosterone biosynthesis in humans: inactivation of the P-450C18 gene (CYP11B2) due to nucleotide deletion in CMO I deficient patients. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1993 Feb 15;190(3):864-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Nomoto S, Massa G, Mitani F, Ishimura Y, Miyahara K, Toda K, Nagano I, Yamashiro T, Ogoshi S, Fukata J, Onishi S, Hashimoto K, Doi Y, Imura H, Shizuta Y: CMO I deficiency caused by a point mutation in exon 8 of the human CYP11B2 gene encoding steroid 18-hydroxylase (P450C18). Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1997 May 19;234(2):382-5. [PubMed Link Image]
  7. Peter M, Bunger K, Solyom J, Sippell WG: Mutation THR-185 ILE is associated with corticosterone methyl oxidase deficiency type II. Eur J Pediatr. 1998 May;157(5):378-81. [PubMed Link Image]
  8. Portrat-Doyen S, Tourniaire J, Richard O, Mulatero P, Aupetit-Faisant B, Curnow KM, Pascoe L, Morel Y: Isolated aldosterone synthase deficiency caused by simultaneous E198D and V386A mutations in the CYP11B2 gene. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1998 Nov;83(11):4156-61. [PubMed Link Image]
  9. Tamaki S, Iwai N, Tsujita Y, Kinoshita M: Genetic polymorphism of CYP11B2 gene and hypertension in Japanese. Hypertension. 1999 Jan;33(1 Pt 2):266-70. [PubMed Link Image]
  10. Cargill M, Altshuler D, Ireland J, Sklar P, Ardlie K, Patil N, Shaw N, Lane CR, Lim EP, Kalyanaraman N, Nemesh J, Ziaugra L, Friedland L, Rolfe A, Warrington J, Lipshutz R, Daley GQ, Lander ES: Characterization of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in coding regions of human genes. Nat Genet. 1999 Jul;22(3):231-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  11. Halushka MK, Fan JB, Bentley K, Hsie L, Shen N, Weder A, Cooper R, Lipshutz R, Chakravarti A: Patterns of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in candidate genes for blood-pressure homeostasis. Nat Genet. 1999 Jul;22(3):239-47. [PubMed Link Image]
  12. Kayes-Wandover KM, Schindler RE, Taylor HC, White PC: Type 1 aldosterone synthase deficiency presenting in a middle-aged man. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2001 Mar;86(3):1008-12. [PubMed Link Image]
  13. Dunlop FM, Crock PA, Montalto J, Funder JW, Curnow KM: A compound heterozygote case of type II aldosterone synthase deficiency. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003 Jun;88(6):2518-26. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 3 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 4 [top]
Enzyme 4 ID 5809
Enzyme 4 Name Cytochrome P450 21
Enzyme 4 Synonyms
  1. Cytochrome P450 XXI
  2. Steroid 21- hydroxylase
  3. 21-OHase
  4. P450-C21
  5. P-450c21
  6. P450-C21B
Enzyme 4 Gene Name CYP21A2
Enzyme 4 Protein Sequence >Cytochrome P450 21 
MLLLGLLLLPLLAGARLLWNWWKLRSLHLPPLAPGFLHLLQPDLPIYLLGLTQKFGPIYR
LHLGLQDVVVLNSKRTIEEAMVKKWADFAGRPEPLTYKLVSKNYPDLSLGDYSLLWKAHK
KLTRSALLLGIRDSMEPVVEQLTQEFCERMRAQPGTPVAIEEEFSLLTCSIICYLTFGDK
IKDDNLMPAYYKCIQEVLKTWSHWSIQIVDVIPFLRFFPNPGLRRLKQAIEKRDHIVEMQ
LRQHKESLVAGQWRDMMDYMLQGVAQPSMEEGSGQLLEGHVHMAAVDLLIGGTETTANTL
SWAVVFLLHHPEIQQRLQEELDHELGPGASSSRVPYKDRARLPLLNATIAEVLRLRPVVP
LALPHRTTRPSSISGYDIPEGTVIIPNLQGAHLDETVWERPHEFWPDRFLEPGKNSRALA
FGCGARVCLGEPLARLELFVVLTRLLQAFTLLPSGDALPSLQPLPHCSVILKMQPFQVRL
QPRGMGAHSPGQNQ
Enzyme 4 Number of Residues 494
Enzyme 4 Molecular Weight 55888
Enzyme 4 Theoretical pI 7.90
Enzyme 4 GO Classification
Function
  • binding
  • catalytic activity
  • cation binding
  • heme binding
  • ion binding
  • iron ion binding
  • monooxygenase activity
  • oxidoreductase activity
  • tetrapyrrole binding
  • transition metal ion binding
Process
  • cellular metabolism
  • electron transport
  • generation of precursor metabolites and energy
  • metabolism
  • physiological process
Component
—
Enzyme 4 General Function Secondary metabolites biosynthesis, transport and catabolism
Enzyme 4 Specific Function Specifically catalyzes the 21-hydroxylation of steroids. Required for the adrenal synthesis of mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids
Enzyme 4 Pathways
Enzyme 4 Reactions
  • a steroid + AH2 + O2 = a 21-hydroxysteroid + A + H2O
Enzyme 4 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 4 Signals
  • 1-15
Enzyme 4 Transmembrane Regions Not Available
Enzyme 4 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 4 GenBank ID Protein 181290 Link Image
Enzyme 4 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P08686 Link Image
Enzyme 4 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name CP21A_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 4 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 4 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 4 Gene Sequence >102 bp 
CGCATGAGAGCCCAGCCCGGCACCCCTGTGGCCATTGAGGAGGAATTCTCTCTCCTCACC
TGCAGCATCATCTGTTACCTCACCTTCGGAGACAAGATCAAG
Enzyme 4 GenBank Gene ID M19711 Link Image
Enzyme 4 GeneCard ID CYP21A2 Link Image
Enzyme 4 GenAtlas ID CYP21A2 Link Image
Enzyme 4 HGNC ID HGNC:2600 Link Image
Enzyme 4 Chromosome Location 6
Enzyme 4 Locus 6p21.3
Enzyme 4 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 4 General References
  1. White PC, New MI, Dupont B: Structure of human steroid 21-hydroxylase genes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Jul;83(14):5111-5. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Higashi Y, Yoshioka H, Yamane M, Gotoh O, Fujii-Kuriyama Y: Complete nucleotide sequence of two steroid 21-hydroxylase genes tandemly arranged in human chromosome: a pseudogene and a genuine gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 May;83(9):2841-5. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Rodrigues NR, Dunham I, Yu CY, Carroll MC, Porter RR, Campbell RD: Molecular characterization of the HLA-linked steroid 21-hydroxylase B gene from an individual with congenital adrenal hyperplasia. EMBO J. 1987 Jun;6(6):1653-61. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Helmberg A, Tusie-Luna MT, Tabarelli M, Kofler R, White PC: R339H and P453S: CYP21 mutations associated with nonclassic steroid 21-hydroxylase deficiency that are not apparent gene conversions. Mol Endocrinol. 1992 Aug;6(8):1318-22. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Carroll MC, Campbell RD, Porter RR: Mapping of steroid 21-hydroxylase genes adjacent to complement component C4 genes in HLA, the major histocompatibility complex in man. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Jan;82(2):521-5. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Matteson KJ, Phillips JA 3rd, Miller WL, Chung BC, Orlando PJ, Frisch H, Ferrandez A, Burr IM: P450XXI (steroid 21-hydroxylase) gene deletions are not found in family studies of congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Aug;84(16):5858-62. [PubMed Link Image]
  7. Wu DA, Chung BC: Mutations of P450c21 (steroid 21-hydroxylase) at Cys428, Val281, and Ser268 result in complete, partial, or no loss of enzymatic activity, respectively. J Clin Invest. 1991 Aug;88(2):519-23. [PubMed Link Image]
  8. White PC, Tusie-Luna MT, New MI, Speiser PW: Mutations in steroid 21-hydroxylase (CYP21). Hum Mutat. 1994;3(4):373-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  9. Amor M, Parker KL, Globerman H, New MI, White PC: Mutation in the CYP21B gene (Ile-172----Asn) causes steroid 21-hydroxylase deficiency. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Mar;85(5):1600-4. [PubMed Link Image]
  10. Chiou SH, Hu MC, Chung BC: A missense mutation at Ile172----Asn or Arg356----Trp causes steroid 21-hydroxylase deficiency. J Biol Chem. 1990 Feb 25;265(6):3549-52. [PubMed Link Image]
  11. Partanen J, Campbell RD: Substitution of Ile-172 to Asn in the steroid 21-hydroxylase B (P450c21B) gene in a Finnish patient with the simple virilizing form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Hum Genet. 1991 Oct;87(6):716-20. [PubMed Link Image]
  12. Tusie-Luna MT, Speiser PW, Dumic M, New MI, White PC: A mutation (Pro-30 to Leu) in CYP21 represents a potential nonclassic steroid 21-hydroxylase deficiency allele. Mol Endocrinol. 1991 May;5(5):685-92. [PubMed Link Image]
  13. Speiser PW, Dupont J, Zhu D, Serrat J, Buegeleisen M, Tusie-Luna MT, Lesser M, New MI, White PC: Disease expression and molecular genotype in congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency. J Clin Invest. 1992 Aug;90(2):584-95. [PubMed Link Image]
  14. Owerbach D, Sherman L, Ballard AL, Azziz R: Pro-453 to Ser mutation in CYP21 is associated with nonclassic steroid 21-hydroxylase deficiency. Mol Endocrinol. 1992 Aug;6(8):1211-5. [PubMed Link Image]
  15. Wedell A, Ritzen EM, Haglund-Stengler B, Luthman H: Steroid 21-hydroxylase deficiency: three additional mutated alleles and establishment of phenotype-genotype relationships of common mutations. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Aug 1;89(15):7232-6. [PubMed Link Image]
  16. Wedell A, Luthman H: Steroid 21-hydroxylase (P450c21): a new allele and spread of mutations through the pseudogene. Hum Genet. 1993 Apr;91(3):236-40. [PubMed Link Image]
  17. Barbat B, Bogyo A, Raux-Demay MC, Kuttenn F, Boue J, Simon-Bouy B, Serre JL, Mornet E: Screening of CYP21 gene mutations in 129 French patients affected by steroid 21-hydroxylase deficiency. Hum Mutat. 1995;5(2):126-30. [PubMed Link Image]
  18. Kirby-Keyser L, Porter CC, Donohoue PA: E380D: a novel point mutation of CYP21 in an HLA-homozygous patient with salt-losing congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency. Hum Mutat. 1997;9(2):181-2. [PubMed Link Image]
  19. Lajic S, Levo A, Nikoshkov A, Lundberg Y, Partanen J, Wedell A: A cluster of missense mutations at Arg356 of human steroid 21-hydroxylase may impair redox partner interaction. Hum Genet. 1997 Jun;99(6):704-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  20. Nikoshkov A, Lajic S, Holst M, Wedell A, Luthman H: Synergistic effect of partially inactivating mutations in steroid 21-hydroxylase deficiency. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1997 Jan;82(1):194-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  21. Ordonez-Sanchez ML, Ramirez-Jimenez S, Lopez-Gutierrez AU, Riba L, Gamboa-Cardiel S, Cerrillo-Hinojosa M, Altamirano-Bustamante N, Calzada-Leon R, Robles-Valdes C, Mendoza-Morfin F, Tusie-Luna MT: Molecular genetic analysis of patients carrying steroid 21-hydroxylase deficiency in the Mexican population: identification of possible new mutations and high prevalence of apparent germ-line mutations. Hum Genet. 1998 Feb;102(2):170-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  22. Nikoshkov A, Lajic S, Vlamis-Gardikas A, Tranebjaerg L, Holst M, Wedell A, Luthman H: Naturally occurring mutants of human steroid 21-hydroxylase (P450c21) pinpoint residues important for enzyme activity and stability. J Biol Chem. 1998 Mar 13;273(11):6163-5. [PubMed Link Image]
  23. Witchel SF, Smith R, Suda-Hartman M: Identification of CYP21 mutations, one novel, by single strand conformational polymorphism (SSCP) analysis. Mutations in brief no. 218. Online. Hum Mutat. 1999;13(2):172. [PubMed Link Image]
  24. Ohlsson G, Muller J, Skakkebaek NE, Schwartz M: Steroid 21-hydroxylase deficiency: mutational spectrum in Denmark, three novel mutations, and in vitro expression analysis. Hum Mutat. 1999;13(6):482-6. [PubMed Link Image]
  25. Kapelari K, Ghanaati Z, Wollmann H, Ventz M, Ranke MB, Kofler R, Peters H: A rapid screening for steroid 21-hydroxylase mutations in patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Mutations in brief no. 247. Online. Hum Mutat. 1999;13(6):505. [PubMed Link Image]
  26. Lako M, Ramsden S, Campbell RD, Strachan T: Mutation screening in British 21-hydroxylase deficiency families and development of novel microsatellite based approaches to prenatal diagnosis. J Med Genet. 1999 Feb;36(2):119-24. [PubMed Link Image]
  27. Cargill M, Altshuler D, Ireland J, Sklar P, Ardlie K, Patil N, Shaw N, Lane CR, Lim EP, Kalyanaraman N, Nemesh J, Ziaugra L, Friedland L, Rolfe A, Warrington J, Lipshutz R, Daley GQ, Lander ES: Characterization of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in coding regions of human genes. Nat Genet. 1999 Jul;22(3):231-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  28. Pinto G, Tardy V, Trivin C, Thalassinos C, Lortat-Jacob S, Nihoul-Fekete C, Morel Y, Brauner R: Follow-up of 68 children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency: relevance of genotype for management. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003 Jun;88(6):2624-33. [PubMed Link Image]
  29. Stikkelbroeck NM, Hoefsloot LH, de Wijs IJ, Otten BJ, Hermus AR, Sistermans EA: CYP21 gene mutation analysis in 198 patients with 21-hydroxylase deficiency in The Netherlands: six novel mutations and a specific cluster of four mutations. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003 Aug;88(8):3852-9. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 4 Metabolite References
  1. Mellon SH, Miller WL: Extraadrenal steroid 21-hydroxylation is not mediated by P450c21. J Clin Invest. 1989 Nov;84(5):1497-502. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 5 [top]
Enzyme 5 ID 7297
Enzyme 5 Name Glucocorticoid receptor
Enzyme 5 Synonyms
  1. GR
Enzyme 5 Gene Name NR3C1
Enzyme 5 Protein Sequence >Glucocorticoid receptor 
MDSKESLTPGREENPSSVLAQERGDVMDFYKTLRGGATVKVSASSPSLAVASQSDSKQRR
LLVDFPKGSVSNAQQPDLSKAVSLSMGLYMGETETKVMGNDLGFPQQGQISLSSGETDLK
LLEESIANLNRSTSVPENPKSSASTAVSAAPTEKEFPKTHSDVSSEQQHLKGQTGTNGGN
VKLYTTDQSTFDILQDLEFSSGSPGKETNESPWRSDLLIDENCLLSPLAGEDDSFLLEGN
SNEDCKPLILPDTKPKIKDNGDLVLSSPSNVTLPQVKTEKEDFIELCTPGVIKQEKLGTV
YCQASFPGANIIGNKMSAISVHGVSTSGGQMYHYDMNTASLSQQQDQKPIFNVIPPIPVG
SENWNRCQGSGDDNLTSLGTLNFPGRTVFSNGYSSPSMRPDVSSPPSSSSTATTGPPPKL
CLVCSDEASGCHYGVLTCGSCKVFFKRAVEGQHNYLCAGRNDCIIDKIRRKNCPACRYRK
CLQAGMNLEARKTKKKIKGIQQATTGVSQETSENPGNKTIVPATLPQLTPTLVSLLEVIE
PEVLYAGYDSSVPDSTWRIMTTLNMLGGRQVIAAVKWAKAIPGFRNLHLDDQMTLLQYSW
MFLMAFALGWRSYRQSSANLLCFAPDLIINEQRMTLPCMYDQCKHMLYVSSELHRLQVSY
EEYLCMKTLLLLSSVPKDGLKSQELFDEIRMTYIKELGKAIVKREGNSSQNWQRFYQLTK
LLDSMHEVVENLLNYCFQTFLDKTMSIEFPEMLAEIITNQIPKYSNGNIKKLLFHQK
Enzyme 5 Number of Residues 777
Enzyme 5 Molecular Weight 85660
Enzyme 5 Theoretical pI 6.31
Enzyme 5 GO Classification
Function
  • DNA binding
  • binding
  • glucocorticoid receptor activity
  • ligand-dependent nuclear receptor activity
  • nucleic acid binding
  • receptor activity
  • signal transducer activity
  • steroid binding
  • steroid hormone receptor activity
  • transcription factor activity
Process
  • regulation of biological process
  • regulation of cellular metabolism
  • regulation of metabolism
  • regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolism
  • regulation of physiological process
  • regulation of transcription
  • regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent
Component
  • intracellular membrane-bound organelle
  • membrane-bound organelle
  • nucleus
  • organelle
Enzyme 5 General Function Not Available
Enzyme 5 Specific Function Receptor for glucocorticoids (GC). Has a dual mode of action:as a transcription factor that binds to glucocorticoid response elements (GRE) and as a modulator of other transcription factors. Affects inflammatory responses, cellular proliferation and differentiation in target tissues. Could act as a coactivator for STAT5-dependent transcription upon growth hormone (GH) stimulation and could reveal an essential role of hepatic GR in the control of body growth
Enzyme 5 Pathways Not Available
Enzyme 5 Reactions Not Available
Enzyme 5 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 5 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 5 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 5 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 5 GenBank ID Protein 31680 Link Image
Enzyme 5 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P04150 Link Image
Enzyme 5 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name GCR_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 5 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 5 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 5 Gene Sequence >2334 bp 
ATGGACTCCAAAGAATCATTAACTCCTGGTAGAGAAGAAAACCCCAGCAGTGTGCTTGCT
CAGGAGAGGGGAGATGTGATGGACTTCTATAAAACCCTAAGAGGAGGAGCTACTGTGAAG
GTTTCTGCGTCTTCACCCTCACTGGCTGTCGCTTCTCAATCAGACTCCAAGCAGCGAAGA
CTTTTGGTTGATTTTCCAAAAGGCTCAGTAAGCAATGCGCAGCAGCCAGATCTGTCCAAA
GCAGTTTCACTCTCAATGGGACTGTATATGGGAGAGACAGAAACAAAAGTGATGGGAAAT
GACCTGGGATTCCCACAGCAGGGCCAAATCAGCCTTTCCTCGGGGGAAACAGACTTAAAG
CTTTTGGAAGAAAGCATTGCAAACCTCAATAGGTCGACCAGTGTTCCAGAGAACCCCAAG
AGTTCAGCATCCACTGCTGTGTCTGCTGCCCCCACAGAGAAGGAGTTTCCAAAAACTCAC
TCTGATGTATCTTCAGAACAGCAACATTTGAAGGGCCAGACTGGCACCAACGGTGGCAAT
GTGAAATTGTATACCACAGACCAAAGCACCTTTGACATTTTGCAGGATTTGGAGTTTTCT
TCTGGGTCCCCAGGTAAAGAGACGAATGAGAGTCCTTGGAGATCAGACCTGTTGATAGAT
GAAAACTGTTTGCTTTCTCCTCTGGCGGGAGAAGACGATTCATTCCTTTTGGAAGGAAAC
TCGAATGAGGACTGCAAGCCTCTCATTTTACCGGACACTAAACCCAAAATTAAGGATAAT
GGAGATCTGGTTTTGTCAAGCCCCAGTAATGTAACACTGCCCCAAGTGAAAACAGAAAAA
GAAGATTTCATCGAACTCTGCACCCCTGGGGTAATTAAGCAAGAGAAACTGGGCACAGTT
TACTGTCAGGCAAGCTTTCCTGGAGCAAATATAATTGGTAATAAAATGTCTGCCATTTCT
GTTCATGGTGTGAGTACCTCTGGAGGACAGATGTACCACTATGACATGAATACAGCATCC
CTTTCTCAACAGCAGGATCAGAAGCCTATTTTTAATGTCATTCCACCAATTCCCGTTGGT
TCCGAAAATTGGAATAGGTGCCAAGGATCTGGAGATGACAACTTGACTTCTCTGGGGACT
CTGAACTTCCCTGGTCGAACAGTTTTTTCTAATGGCTATTCAAGCCCCAGCATGAGACCA
GATGTAAGCTCTCCTCCATCCAGCTCCTCAACAGCAACAACAGGACCACCTCCCAAACTC
TGCCTGGTGTGCTCTGATGAAGCTTCAGGATGTCATTATGGAGTCTTAACTTGTGGAAGC
TGTAAAGTTTTCTTCAAAAGAGCAGTGGAAGGACAGCACAATTACCTATGTGCTGGAAGG
AATGATTGCATCATCGATAAAATTCGAAGAAAAAACTGCCCAGCATGCCGCTATCGAAAA
TGTCTTCAGGCTGGAATGAACCTGGAAGCTCGAAAAACAAAGAAAAAAATAAAAGGAATT
CAGCAGGCCACTACAGGAGTCTCACAAGAAACCTCTGAAAATCCTGGTAACAAAACAATA
GTTCCTGCAACGTTACCACAACTCACCCCTACCCTGGTGTCACTGTTGGAGGTTATTGAA
CCTGAAGTGTTATATGCAGGATATGATAGCTCTGTTCCAGACTCAACTTGGAGGATCATG
ACTACGCTCAACATGTTAGGAGGGCGGCAAGTGATTGCAGCAGTGAAATGGGCAAAGGCA
ATACCAGGTTTCAGGAACTTACACCTGGATGACCAAATGACCCTACTGCAGTACTCCTGG
ATGTTTCTTATGGCATTTGCTCTGGGGTGGAGATCATATAGACAATCAAGTGCAAACCTG
CTGTGTTTTGCTCCTGATCTGATTATTAATGAGCAGAGAATGACTCTACCCTGCATGTAC
GACCAATGTAAACACATGCTGTATGTTTCCTCTGAGTTACACAGGCTTCAGGTATCTTAT
GAAGAGTATCTCTGTATGAAAACCTTACTGCTTCTCTCTTCAGTTCCTAAGGACGGTCTG
AAGAGCCAAGAGCTATTTGATGAAATTAGAATGACCTACATCAAAGAGCTAGGAAAAGCC
ATTGTCAAGAGGGAAGGAAACTCCAGCCAGAACTGGCAGCGGTTTTATCAACTGACAAAA
CTCTTGGATTCTATGCATGAAGTGGTTGAAAATCTCCTTAACTATTGCTTCCAAACATTT
TTGGATAAGACCATGAGTATTGAATTCCCCGAGATGTTAGCTGAAATCATCACCAATCAG
ATACCAAAATATTCAAATGGAAATATCAAAAAACTTCTGTTTCATCAAAAGTGA
Enzyme 5 GenBank Gene ID X03225 Link Image
Enzyme 5 GeneCard ID NR3C1 Link Image
Enzyme 5 GenAtlas ID NR3C1 Link Image
Enzyme 5 HGNC ID HGNC:7978 Link Image
Enzyme 5 Chromosome Location 5
Enzyme 5 Locus 5q31.3
Enzyme 5 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 5 General References
  1. Hollenberg SM, Weinberger C, Ong ES, Cerelli G, Oro A, Lebo R, Thompson EB, Rosenfeld MG, Evans RM: Primary structure and expression of a functional human glucocorticoid receptor cDNA. Nature. 1985 Dec 19-1986 Jan 1;318(6047):635-41. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Encio IJ, Detera-Wadleigh SD: The genomic structure of the human glucocorticoid receptor. J Biol Chem. 1991 Apr 15;266(11):7182-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Leclerc S, Xie BX, Roy R, Govindan MV: Purification of a human glucocorticoid receptor gene promoter-binding protein. Production of polyclonal antibodies against the purified factor. J Biol Chem. 1991 May 15;266(14):8711-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Govindan MV, Pothier F, Leclerc S, Palaniswami R, Xie B: Human glucocorticoid receptor gene promotor-homologous down regulation. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 1991;40(1-3):317-23. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Yudt MR, Cidlowski JA: Molecular identification and characterization of a and b forms of the glucocorticoid receptor. Mol Endocrinol. 2001 Jul;15(7):1093-103. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Weinberger C, Hollenberg SM, Rosenfeld MG, Evans RM: Domain structure of human glucocorticoid receptor and its relationship to the v-erb-A oncogene product. Nature. 1985 Dec 19-1986 Jan 1;318(6047):670-2. [PubMed Link Image]
  7. Henriksson A, Almlof T, Ford J, McEwan IJ, Gustafsson JA, Wright AP: Role of the Ada adaptor complex in gene activation by the glucocorticoid receptor. Mol Cell Biol. 1997 Jun;17(6):3065-73. [PubMed Link Image]
  8. Fryer CJ, Archer TK: Chromatin remodelling by the glucocorticoid receptor requires the BRG1 complex. Nature. 1998 May 7;393(6680):88-91. [PubMed Link Image]
  9. Schneikert J, Hubner S, Martin E, Cato AC: A nuclear action of the eukaryotic cochaperone RAP46 in downregulation of glucocorticoid receptor activity. J Cell Biol. 1999 Sep 6;146(5):929-40. [PubMed Link Image]
  10. Rivers C, Levy A, Hancock J, Lightman S, Norman M: Insertion of an amino acid in the DNA-binding domain of the glucocorticoid receptor as a result of alternative splicing. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1999 Nov;84(11):4283-6. [PubMed Link Image]
  11. Moalli PA, Pillay S, Krett NL, Rosen ST: Alternatively spliced glucocorticoid receptor messenger RNAs in glucocorticoid-resistant human multiple myeloma cells. Cancer Res. 1993 Sep 1;53(17):3877-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  12. Kayes-Wandover KM, White PC: Steroidogenic enzyme gene expression in the human heart. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2000 Jul;85(7):2519-25. [PubMed Link Image]
  13. Mahajan MA, Samuels HH: A new family of nuclear receptor coregulators that integrate nuclear receptor signaling through CREB-binding protein. Mol Cell Biol. 2000 Jul;20(14):5048-63. [PubMed Link Image]
  14. Diamond MI, Robinson MR, Yamamoto KR: Regulation of expanded polyglutamine protein aggregation and nuclear localization by the glucocorticoid receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000 Jan 18;97(2):657-61. [PubMed Link Image]
  15. Wallace AD, Cidlowski JA: Proteasome-mediated glucocorticoid receptor degradation restricts transcriptional signaling by glucocorticoids. J Biol Chem. 2001 Nov 16;276(46):42714-21. Epub 2001 Sep 12. [PubMed Link Image]
  16. Strickland I, Kisich K, Hauk PJ, Vottero A, Chrousos GP, Klemm DJ, Leung DY: High constitutive glucocorticoid receptor beta in human neutrophils enables them to reduce their spontaneous rate of cell death in response to corticosteroids. J Exp Med. 2001 Mar 5;193(5):585-93. [PubMed Link Image]
  17. Tian S, Poukka H, Palvimo JJ, Janne OA: Small ubiquitin-related modifier-1 (SUMO-1) modification of the glucocorticoid receptor. Biochem J. 2002 Nov 1;367(Pt 3):907-11. [PubMed Link Image]
  18. Wang Z, Frederick J, Garabedian MJ: Deciphering the phosphorylation "code" of the glucocorticoid receptor in vivo. J Biol Chem. 2002 Jul 19;277(29):26573-80. Epub 2002 May 8. [PubMed Link Image]
  19. Wong CW, McNally C, Nickbarg E, Komm BS, Cheskis BJ: Estrogen receptor-interacting protein that modulates its nongenomic activity-crosstalk with Src/Erk phosphorylation cascade. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 Nov 12;99(23):14783-8. Epub 2002 Nov 1. [PubMed Link Image]
  20. Bledsoe RK, Montana VG, Stanley TB, Delves CJ, Apolito CJ, McKee DD, Consler TG, Parks DJ, Stewart EL, Willson TM, Lambert MH, Moore JT, Pearce KH, Xu HE: Crystal structure of the glucocorticoid receptor ligand binding domain reveals a novel mode of receptor dimerization and coactivator recognition. Cell. 2002 Jul 12;110(1):93-105. [PubMed Link Image]
  21. Kauppi B, Jakob C, Farnegardh M, Yang J, Ahola H, Alarcon M, Calles K, Engstrom O, Harlan J, Muchmore S, Ramqvist AK, Thorell S, Ohman L, Greer J, Gustafsson JA, Carlstedt-Duke J, Carlquist M: The three-dimensional structures of antagonistic and agonistic forms of the glucocorticoid receptor ligand-binding domain: RU-486 induces a transconformation that leads to active antagonism. J Biol Chem. 2003 Jun 20;278(25):22748-54. Epub 2003 Apr 9. [PubMed Link Image]
  22. Hurley DM, Accili D, Stratakis CA, Karl M, Vamvakopoulos N, Rorer E, Constantine K, Taylor SI, Chrousos GP: Point mutation causing a single amino acid substitution in the hormone binding domain of the glucocorticoid receptor in familial glucocorticoid resistance. J Clin Invest. 1991 Feb;87(2):680-6. [PubMed Link Image]
  23. Powers JH, Hillmann AG, Tang DC, Harmon JM: Cloning and expression of mutant glucocorticoid receptors from glucocorticoid-sensitive and -resistant human leukemic cells. Cancer Res. 1993 Sep 1;53(17):4059-65. [PubMed Link Image]
  24. Karl M, Lamberts SW, Detera-Wadleigh SD, Encio IJ, Stratakis CA, Hurley DM, Accili D, Chrousos GP: Familial glucocorticoid resistance caused by a splice site deletion in the human glucocorticoid receptor gene. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1993 Mar;76(3):683-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  25. Malchoff DM, Brufsky A, Reardon G, McDermott P, Javier EC, Bergh CH, Rowe D, Malchoff CD: A mutation of the glucocorticoid receptor in primary cortisol resistance. J Clin Invest. 1993 May;91(5):1918-25. [PubMed Link Image]
  26. Ashraf J, Thompson EB: Identification of the activation-labile gene: a single point mutation in the human glucocorticoid receptor presents as two distinct receptor phenotypes. Mol Endocrinol. 1993 May;7(5):631-42. [PubMed Link Image]
  27. Koper JW, Stolk RP, de Lange P, Huizenga NA, Molijn GJ, Pols HA, Grobbee DE, Karl M, de Jong FH, Brinkmann AO, Lamberts SW: Lack of association between five polymorphisms in the human glucocorticoid receptor gene and glucocorticoid resistance. Hum Genet. 1997 May;99(5):663-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  28. Cargill M, Altshuler D, Ireland J, Sklar P, Ardlie K, Patil N, Shaw N, Lane CR, Lim EP, Kalyanaraman N, Nemesh J, Ziaugra L, Friedland L, Rolfe A, Warrington J, Lipshutz R, Daley GQ, Lander ES: Characterization of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in coding regions of human genes. Nat Genet. 1999 Jul;22(3):231-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  29. Feng J, Zheng J, Bennett WP, Heston LL, Jones IR, Craddock N, Sommer SS: Five missense variants in the amino-terminal domain of the glucocorticoid receptor: no association with puerperal psychosis or schizophrenia. Am J Med Genet. 2000 Jun 12;96(3):412-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  30. Ruiz M, Lind U, Gafvels M, Eggertsen G, Carlstedt-Duke J, Nilsson L, Holtmann M, Stierna P, Wikstrom AC, Werner S: Characterization of two novel mutations in the glucocorticoid receptor gene in patients with primary cortisol resistance. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2001 Sep;55(3):363-71. [PubMed Link Image]
  31. Dobson MG, Redfern CP, Unwin N, Weaver JU: The N363S polymorphism of the glucocorticoid receptor: potential contribution to central obesity in men and lack of association with other risk factors for coronary heart disease and diabetes mellitus. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2001 May;86(5):2270-4. [PubMed Link Image]
  32. Kino T, Stauber RH, Resau JH, Pavlakis GN, Chrousos GP: Pathologic human GR mutant has a transdominant negative effect on the wild-type GR by inhibiting its translocation into the nucleus: importance of the ligand-binding domain for intracellular GR trafficking. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2001 Nov;86(11):5600-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  33. Mendonca BB, Leite MV, de Castro M, Kino T, Elias LL, Bachega TA, Arnhold IJ, Chrousos GP, Latronico AC: Female pseudohermaphroditism caused by a novel homozygous missense mutation of the GR gene. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002 Apr;87(4):1805-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  34. Vottero A, Kino T, Combe H, Lecomte P, Chrousos GP: A novel, C-terminal dominant negative mutation of the GR causes familial glucocorticoid resistance through abnormal interactions with p160 steroid receptor coactivators. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002 Jun;87(6):2658-67. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 5 Metabolite References
  1. Krajcsi P, Aranyi P: Characterization of the partially purified, ligand-free glucocorticoid receptor. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1986 Sep 4;883(2):215-24. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 6 [top]
Enzyme 6 ID 8137
Enzyme 6 Name Mineralocorticoid receptor
Enzyme 6 Synonyms
  1. MR
Enzyme 6 Gene Name NR3C2
Enzyme 6 Protein Sequence >Mineralocorticoid receptor 
METKGYHSLPEGLDMERRWGQVSQAVERSSLGPTERTDENNYMEIVNVSCVSGAIPNNST
QGSSKEKQELLPCLQQDNNRPGILTSDIKTELESKELSATVAESMGLYMDSVRDADYSYE
QQNQQGSMSPAKIYQNVEQLVKFYKGNGHRPSTLSCVNTPLRSFMSDSGSSVNGGVMRAI
VKSPIMCHEKSPSVCSPLNMTSSVCSPAGINSVSSTTASFGSFPVHSPITQGTPLTCSPN
AENRGSRSHSPAHASNVGSPLSSPLSSMKSSISSPPSHCSVKSPVSSPNNVTLRSSVSSP
ANINNSRCSVSSPSNTNNRSTLSSPAASTVGSICSPVNNAFSYTASGTSAGSSTLRDVVP
SPDTQEKGAQEVPFPKTEEVESAISNGVTGQLNIVQYIKPEPDGAFSSSCLGGNSKINSD
SSFSVPIKQESTKHSCSGTSFKGNPTVNPFPFMDGSYFSFMDDKDYYSLSGILGPPVPGF
DGNCEGSGFPVGIKQEPDDGSYYPEASIPSSAIVGVNSGGQSFHYRIGAQGTISLSRSAR
DQSFQHLSSFPPVNTLVESWKSHGDLSSRRSDGYPVLEYIPENVSSSTLRSVSTGSSRPS
KICLVCGDEASGCHYGVVTCGSCKVFFKRAVEGQHNYLCAGRNDCIIDKIRRKNCPACRL
QKCLQAGMNLGARKSKKLGKLKGIHEEQPQQQQPPPPPPPPQSPEEGTTYIAPAKEPSVN
TALVPQLSTISRALTPSPVMVLENIEPEIVYAGYDSSKPDTAENLLSTLNRLAGKQMIQV
VKWAKVLPGFKNLPLEDQITLIQYSWMCLSSFALSWRSYKHTNSQFLYFAPDLVFNEEKM
HQSAMYELCQGMHQISLQFVRLQLTFEEYTIMKVLLLLSTIPKDGLKSQAAFEEMRTNYI
KELRKMVTKCPNNSGQSWQRFYQLTKLLDSMHDLVSDLLEFCFYTFRESHALKVEFPAML
VEIISDQLPKVESGNAKPLYFHRK
Enzyme 6 Number of Residues 984
Enzyme 6 Molecular Weight 107068
Enzyme 6 Theoretical pI 7.42
Enzyme 6 GO Classification
Function
  • DNA binding
  • binding
  • ligand-dependent nuclear receptor activity
  • nucleic acid binding
  • receptor activity
  • signal transducer activity
  • steroid hormone receptor activity
  • transcription factor activity
Process
  • regulation of biological process
  • regulation of cellular metabolism
  • regulation of metabolism
  • regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolism
  • regulation of physiological process
  • regulation of transcription
  • regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent
Component
  • intracellular membrane-bound organelle
  • membrane-bound organelle
  • nucleus
  • organelle
Enzyme 6 General Function Carbohydrate transport and metabolism
Enzyme 6 Specific Function Receptor for both mineralocorticoids (MC) such as aldosterone and glucocorticoids (GC) such as corticosterone or cortisol. Binds to mineralocorticoid response elements (MRE) and transactivates target genes. The effect of MC is to increase ion and water transport and thus raise extracellular fluid volume and blood pressure and lower potassium levels
Enzyme 6 Pathways Not Available
Enzyme 6 Reactions Not Available
Enzyme 6 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 6 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 6 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 6 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 6 GenBank ID Protein 307166 Link Image
Enzyme 6 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P08235 Link Image
Enzyme 6 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name MCR_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 6 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 6 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 6 Gene Sequence >2955 bp 
ATGGAGACCAAAGGCTACCACAGTCTCCCTGAAGGTCTAGATATGGAAAGACGGTGGGGT
CAAGTTTCTCAGGCTGTGGAGCGTTCTTCCCTGGGACCTACAGAGAGGACCGATGAGAAT
AACTACATGGAGATTGTCAACGTAAGCTGTGTTTCCGGTGCTATTCCAAACAACAGTACT
CAAGGAAGCAGCAAAGAAAAACAAGAACTACTCCCTTGCCTTCAGCAAGACAATAATCGG
CCTGGGATTTTAACATCTGATATTAAAACTGAGCTGGAATCTAAGGAACTTTCAGCAACT
GTAGCTGAGTCCATGGGTTTATATATGGATTCTGTAAGAGATGCTGACTATTCCTATGAG
CAGCAGAACCAACAAGGAAGCATGAGTCCAGCTAAGATTTATCAGAATGTTGAACAGCTG
GTGAAATTTTACAAAGGAAATGGCCATCGTCCTTCCACTCTAAGTTGTGTGAACACGCCC
TTGAGATCATTTATGTCTGACTCTGGGAGCTCCGTGAATGGTGGCGTCATGCGCGCCATT
GTTAAAAGCCCTATCATGTGTCATGAGAAAAGCCCGTCTGTTTGCAGCCCTCTGAACATG
ACATCTTCGGTTTGCAGCCCTGCTGGAATCAACTCTGTGTCCTCCACCACAGCCAGCTTT
GGCAGTTTTCCAGTGCACAGCCCAATCACCCAGGGAACTCCTCTGACATGCTCCCCTAAT
GCTGAAAATCGAGGCTCCAGGTCGCACAGCCCTGCACATGCTAGCAATGTGGGCTCTCCT
CTCTCAAGTCCGTTAAGTAGCATGAAATCCTCAATTTCCAGCCCTCCAAGTCACTGCAGT
GTAAAATCTCCAGTCTCCAGTCCCAATAATGTCACTCTGAGATCCTCTGTGTCTAGCCCT
GCAAATATTAACAACTCAAGGTGCTCTGTTTCCAGCCCTTCGAACACTAATAACAGATCC
ACGCTTTCCAGTCCGGCAGCCAGTACTGTGGGATCTATCTGTAGCCCTGTAAACAATGCC
TTCAGCTACACTGCTTCTGGCACCTCTGCTGGATCCAGTACATTGCGGGATGTGGTTCCC
AGTCCAGACACGCAGGAGAAAGGTGCTCAAGAGGTCCCTTTTCCTAAGACTGAGGAAGTA
GAGAGTGCCATCTCAAATGGTGTGACTGGCCAGCTTAATATTGTCCAGTACATAAAACCA
GAACCAGATGGAGCTTTTAGCAGCTCATGTCTAGGAGGAAATAGCAAAATAAATTCGGAT
TCTTCATTCTCAGTACCAATAAAGCAAGAATCAACCAAGCATTCATGTTCAGGCACCTCT
TTTAAAGGGAATCCAACAGTAAACCCGTTTCCATTTATGGATGGCTCGTATTTTTCCTTT
ATGGATGATAAAGACTATTATTCCCTATCAGGAATTTTAGGACCACCTGTGCCCGGCTTT
GATGGTAACTGTGAAGGCAGCGGATTCCCAGTGGGTATTAAACAAGAACCAGATGACGGG
AGCTATTACCCAGAGGCCAGCATCCCTTCCTCTGCTATTGTTGGGGTGAATTCAGGTGGA
CAGTCCTTCCACTACAGGATTGGTGCTCAAGGTACAATATCTTTATCACGATCGGCTAGA
GACCAATCTTTCCAACACCTGAGTTCCTTTCCTCCTGTCAATACTTTAGTGGAGTCATGG
AAATCACACGGCGACCTGTCGTCTAGAAGAAGTGATGGGTATCCGGTCTTAGAATACATT
CCAGAAAATGTATCAAGCTCTACTTTACGAAGTGTTTCTACTGGATCTTCAAGACCTTCA
AAAATATGTTTGGTGTGTGGGGATGAGGCTTCAGGATGCCATTATGGGGTAGTCACCTGT
GGCAGCTGCAAAGTTTTCTTCAAAAGAGCAGTGGAAGGGCAACACAACTATTTATGTGCT
GGAAGAAATGATTGCATCATTGATAAGATTCGACGAAAGAATTGTCCTGCTTGCAGACTT
CAGAAATGTCTTCAAGCTGGAATGAATTTAGGAGCACGAAAGTCAAAGAAGTTGGGAAAG
TTAAAAGGGATTCACGAGGAGCAGCCACAGCAGCAGCAGCCCCCACCCCCACCCCCACCC
CCGCAAAGCCCAGAGGAAGGGACAACGTACATCGCTCCTGCAAAAGAACCCTCGGTCAAC
ACAGCACTGGTTCCTCAGCTCTCCACAATCTCACGAGCGCTCACACCTTCCCCCGTTATG
GTCCTTGAAAACATTGAACCTGAAATTGTATATGCAGGCTATGACAGCTCAAAACCAGAT
ACAGCCGAAAATCTGCTCTCCACGCTCAACCGCTTAGCAGGCAAACAGATGATCCAAGTC
GTGAAGTGGGCAAAGGTACTTCCAGGATTTAAAAACTTGCCTCTTGAGGACCAAATTACC
CTAATCCAGTATTCTTGGATGTGTCTATCATCATTTGCCTTGAGCTGGAGATCGTACAAA
CATACGAACAGCCAATTTCTCTATTTTGCACCAGACCTAGTCTTTAATGAAGAGAAGATG
CATCAGTCTGCCATGTATGAACTATGCCAGGGGATGCACCAAATCAGCCTTCAGTTCGTT
CGACTGCAGCTCACCTTTGAAGAATACACCATCATGAAAGTTTTGCTGCTACTAAGCACA
ATTCCAAAGGATGGCCTCAAAAGCCAGGCTGCATTTGAAGAAATGAGGACAAATTACATC
AAAGAACTGAGGAAGATGGTAACTAAGTGTCCCAACAATTCTGGGCAGAGCTGGCAGAGG
TTCTACCAACTGACCAAGCTGCTGGACTCCATGCATGACCTGGTGAGCGACCTGCTGGAA
TTCTGCTTCTACACCTTCCGAGAGTCCCATGCGCTGAAGGTAGAGTTCCCCGCAATGCTG
GTGGAGATCATCAGCGACCAGCTGCCCAAGGTGGAGTCGGGGAACGCCAAGCCGCTCTAC
TTCCACCGGAAGTGA
Enzyme 6 GenBank Gene ID M16801 Link Image
Enzyme 6 GeneCard ID NR3C2 Link Image
Enzyme 6 GenAtlas ID NR3C2 Link Image
Enzyme 6 HGNC ID HGNC:7979 Link Image
Enzyme 6 Chromosome Location 4
Enzyme 6 Locus 4q31.1
Enzyme 6 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 6 General References
  1. Arriza JL, Weinberger C, Cerelli G, Glaser TM, Handelin BL, Housman DE, Evans RM: Cloning of human mineralocorticoid receptor complementary DNA: structural and functional kinship with the glucocorticoid receptor. Science. 1987 Jul 17;237(4812):268-75. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Zennaro MC, Souque A, Viengchareun S, Poisson E, Lombes M: A new human MR splice variant is a ligand-independent transactivator modulating corticosteroid action. Mol Endocrinol. 2001 Sep;15(9):1586-98. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Geller DS, Rodriguez-Soriano J, Vallo Boado A, Schifter S, Bayer M, Chang SS, Lifton RP: Mutations in the mineralocorticoid receptor gene cause autosomal dominant pseudohypoaldosteronism type I. Nat Genet. 1998 Jul;19(3):279-81. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Alnemri ES, Maksymowych AB, Robertson NM, Litwack G: Overexpression and characterization of the human mineralocorticoid receptor. J Biol Chem. 1991 Sep 25;266(27):18072-81. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Bloem LJ, Guo C, Pratt JH: Identification of a splice variant of the rat and human mineralocorticoid receptor genes. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 1995 Nov;55(2):159-62. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Zennaro MC, Farman N, Bonvalet JP, Lombes M: Tissue-specific expression of alpha and beta messenger ribonucleic acid isoforms of the human mineralocorticoid receptor in normal and pathological states. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1997 May;82(5):1345-52. [PubMed Link Image]
  7. Bruner KL, Derfoul A, Robertson NM, Guerriero G, Fernandes-Alnemri T, Alnemri ES, Litwack G: The unliganded mineralocorticoid receptor is associated with heat shock proteins 70 and 90 and the immunophilin FKBP-52. Recept Signal Transduct. 1997;7(2):85-98. [PubMed Link Image]
  8. Lupo B, Mesnier D, Auzou G: Cysteines 849 and 942 of human mineralocorticoid receptor are crucial for steroid binding. Biochemistry. 1998 Sep 1;37(35):12153-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  9. Hellal-Levy C, Fagart J, Souque A, Rafestin-Oblin ME: Mechanistic aspects of mineralocorticoid receptor activation. Kidney Int. 2000 Apr;57(4):1250-5. [PubMed Link Image]
  10. Hellal-Levy C, Fagart J, Souque A, Wurtz JM, Moras D, Rafestin-Oblin ME: Crucial role of the H11-H12 loop in stabilizing the active conformation of the human mineralocorticoid receptor. Mol Endocrinol. 2000 Aug;14(8):1210-21. [PubMed Link Image]
  11. Odermatt A, Arnold P, Frey FJ: The intracellular localization of the mineralocorticoid receptor is regulated by 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2. J Biol Chem. 2001 Jul 27;276(30):28484-92. Epub 2001 May 11. [PubMed Link Image]
  12. Halushka MK, Fan JB, Bentley K, Hsie L, Shen N, Weder A, Cooper R, Lipshutz R, Chakravarti A: Patterns of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in candidate genes for blood-pressure homeostasis. Nat Genet. 1999 Jul;22(3):239-47. [PubMed Link Image]
  13. Tajima T, Kitagawa H, Yokoya S, Tachibana K, Adachi M, Nakae J, Suwa S, Katoh S, Fujieda K: A novel missense mutation of mineralocorticoid receptor gene in one Japanese family with a renal form of pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2000 Dec;85(12):4690-4. [PubMed Link Image]
  14. Geller DS, Farhi A, Pinkerton N, Fradley M, Moritz M, Spitzer A, Meinke G, Tsai FT, Sigler PB, Lifton RP: Activating mineralocorticoid receptor mutation in hypertension exacerbated by pregnancy. Science. 2000 Jul 7;289(5476):119-23. [PubMed Link Image]
  15. Arai K, Nakagomi Y, Iketani M, Shimura Y, Amemiya S, Ohyama K, Shibasaki T: Functional polymorphisms in the mineralocorticoid receptor and amirolide-sensitive sodium channel genes in a patient with sporadic pseudohypoaldosteronism. Hum Genet. 2003 Jan;112(1):91-7. Epub 2002 Oct 25. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 6 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 7 [top]
Enzyme 7 ID 12985
Enzyme 7 Name Cytochrome P450, family 11, subfamily B, polypeptide 1
Enzyme 7 Synonyms
  1. Cytochrome P450, family 11, subfamily B, polypeptide 1, isoform CRA_a
Enzyme 7 Gene Name CYP11B1
Enzyme 7 Protein Sequence >Cytochrome P450, family 11, subfamily B, polypeptide 1 
MALRAKAEVCMAVPWLSLQRAQALGTRAARVPRTVLPFEAMPRRPGNRWLRLLQIWREQG
YEDLHLEVHQTFQELGPIFRYDLGGAGMVCVMLPEDVEKLQQVDSLHPHRMSLEPWVAYR
QHRGHKCGVFLLNGPEWRFNRLRLNPEVLSPNAVQRFLPMVDAVARDFSQALKKKVLQNA
RGSLTLDVQPSIFHYTIEASNLALFGERLGLVGHSPSSASLNFLHALEVMFKSTVQLMFM
PRSLSRWTSPKVWKEHFEAWDCIFQYGDNCIQKIYQELAFSRPQQYTSIVAELLLNAELS
PDAIKANSMELTAGSVDTTVFPLLMTLFELARNPNVQQALRQESLAAAASISEHPQKATT
ELPLLRAALKETLRLYPVGLFLERVASSDLVLQNYHIPAGTLVRVFLYSLGRNPALFPRP
ERYNPQRWLDIRGSGRNFYHVPFGFGMRQCLGRRLAEAEMLLLLHHVLKHLQVETLTQED
IKMVYSFILRPSMFPLLTFRAIN
Enzyme 7 Number of Residues 503
Enzyme 7 Molecular Weight 57574
Enzyme 7 Theoretical pI 9.65
Enzyme 7 GO Classification
Function
  • binding
  • catalytic activity
  • cation binding
  • heme binding
  • ion binding
  • iron ion binding
  • monooxygenase activity
  • oxidoreductase activity
  • tetrapyrrole binding
  • transition metal ion binding
Process
  • cellular metabolism
  • electron transport
  • generation of precursor metabolites and energy
  • metabolism
  • physiological process
Component
—
Enzyme 7 General Function Secondary metabolites biosynthesis, transport and catabolism
Enzyme 7 Specific Function Not Available
Enzyme 7 Pathways Not Available
Enzyme 7 Reactions Not Available
Enzyme 7 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 7 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 7 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 7 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 7 GenBank ID Protein 64653273 Link Image
Enzyme 7 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID Q4VAQ8 Link Image
Enzyme 7 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name Q4VAQ8_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 7 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 7 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 7 Gene Sequence Not Available
Enzyme 7 GenBank Gene ID BC096287 Link Image
Enzyme 7 GeneCard ID Q4VAQ8 Link Image
Enzyme 7 GenAtlas ID CYP11B1 Link Image
Enzyme 7 HGNC ID HGNC:2591 Link Image
Enzyme 7 Chromosome Location Not Available
Enzyme 7 Locus Not Available
Enzyme 7 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 7 General References
  1. Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, Derge JG, Klausner RD, Collins FS, Wagner L, Shenmen CM, Schuler GD, Altschul SF, Zeeberg B, Buetow KH, Schaefer CF, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Jordan H, Moore T, Max SI, Wang J, Hsieh F, Diatchenko L, Marusina K, Farmer AA, Rubin GM, Hong L, Stapleton M, Soares MB, Bonaldo MF, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brownstein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Prange C, Raha SS, Loquellano NA, Peters GJ, Abramson RD, Mullahy SJ, Bosak SA, McEwan PJ, McKernan KJ, Malek JA, Gunaratne PH, Richards S, Worley KC, Hale S, Garcia AM, Gay LJ, Hulyk SW, Villalon DK, Muzny DM, Sodergren EJ, Lu X, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madan A, Young AC, Shevchenko Y, Bouffard GG, Blakesley RW, Touchman JW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Krzywinski MI, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Marra MA: Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 Dec 24;99(26):16899-903. Epub 2002 Dec 11. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 7 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 8 [top]
Enzyme 8 ID 12986
Enzyme 8 Name cDNA FLJ75712, highly similar to Homo sapiens hydroxy-delta-5-steroid dehydrogenase, 3 beta- and steroid delta-isomerase 1
Enzyme 8 Synonyms
  1. HSD3B1, mRNA
Enzyme 8 Gene Name Not Available
Enzyme 8 Protein Sequence >cDNA FLJ75712, highly similar to Homo sapiens hydroxy-delta-5-steroid dehydrogenase, 3 beta- and steroid delta-isomerase 1 
MTGWSCLVTGAGGFLGQRIIRLLVKEKELKEIRVLDKAFGPELREEFSKLQNKTKLTVLE
GDILDEPFLKRACQDVSVIIHTACIIDVFGVTHRESIMNVNVKGTQLLLEACVQASVPVF
IYTSSIEVAGPNSYKEIIQNGHEEEPLENTWPAPYPHSKKLAEKAVLAANGWNLKNGGTL
YTCALRPMYIYGEGSRFLSASINEALNNNGILSSVGKFSTVNPVYVGNVAWAHILALRAL
QDPKKAPSIRGQFYYISDDTPHQSYDNLNYTLSKEFGLRLDSRWSFPLSLMYWIGFLLEI
VSFLLRPIYTYRPPFNRHIVTLSNSVFTFSYKKAQRDLAYKPLYSWEEAKQKTVEWVGSL
VDRHKETLKSKTQ
Enzyme 8 Number of Residues 373
Enzyme 8 Molecular Weight 42252
Enzyme 8 Theoretical pI 8.98
Enzyme 8 GO Classification Not Available
Enzyme 8 General Function Cell wall/membrane/envelope biogenesis
Enzyme 8 Specific Function Not Available
Enzyme 8 Pathways Not Available
Enzyme 8 Reactions Not Available
Enzyme 8 Pfam Domain Function Not Available
Enzyme 8 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 8 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 8 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 8 GenBank ID Protein 158256544 Link Image
Enzyme 8 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID A8K691 Link Image
Enzyme 8 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name A8K691_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 8 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 8 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 8 Gene Sequence Not Available
Enzyme 8 GenBank Gene ID AK291556 Link Image
Enzyme 8 GeneCard ID A8K691 Link Image
Enzyme 8 GenAtlas ID Not Available
Enzyme 8 HGNC ID Not Available
Enzyme 8 Chromosome Location Not Available
Enzyme 8 Locus Not Available
Enzyme 8 SNPs Not Available
Enzyme 8 General References Not Available
Enzyme 8 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 9 [top]
Enzyme 9 ID 13013
Enzyme 9 Name Cytochrome P450 21-hydroxylase
Enzyme 9 Synonyms
  1. Cytochrome P450, family 21, subfamily A, polypeptide 2, isoform CRA_b
  2. Cytochrome P450, family 21, subfamily A, polypeptide 2
  3. DJ34F7.3
  4. Cytochrome P450, subfamily XXIA
  5. Steroid 21-hydroxylase, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, polypeptide 2
  6. CYP21, P450c21B
Enzyme 9 Gene Name P450-CYP21B
Enzyme 9 Protein Sequence >Cytochrome P450 21-hydroxylase 
MLLLGLLLLLPLLAGARLLWNWWKLRSLHLPPLAPGFLHLLQPDLPIYLLGLTQKFGPIY
RLHLGLQDVVVLNSKRTIEEAMVKKWADFAGRPEPLTYKLVSRNYPDLSLGDYSLLWKAH
KKLTRSALLLGIRDSMEPVVEQLTQEFCERMRAQPGTPVAIEEEFSLLTCSIICYLTFGD
KIKDDNLMPAYYKCIQEVLKTWSHWSIQIVDVIPFLRFFPNPGLRRLKQAIEKRDHIVEM
QLRQHKESLVAGQWRDMMDYMLQGVAQPSMEEGSGQLLEGHVHMAAVDLLIGGTETTANT
LSWAVVFLLHHPEIQQRLQEELDHELGPGASSSRVPYKDRARLPLLNATIAEVLRLRPVV
PLALPHRTTRPSSISGYDIPEGTVIIPNLQGAHLDETVWERPHEFWPDRFLEPGKNSRAL
AFGCGARVCLGEPLARLELFVVLTRLLQAFTLLPSGDALPSLQPLPHCSVILKMQPFQVR
LQPRGMGAHSPGQSQ
Enzyme 9 Number of Residues 495
Enzyme 9 Molecular Weight 56002
Enzyme 9 Theoretical pI 7.90
Enzyme 9 GO Classification
Function
  • binding
  • catalytic activity
  • cation binding
  • heme binding
  • ion binding
  • iron ion binding
  • monooxygenase activity
  • oxidoreductase activity
  • tetrapyrrole binding
  • transition metal ion binding
Process
  • cellular metabolism
  • electron transport
  • generation of precursor metabolites and energy
  • metabolism
  • physiological process
Component
—
Enzyme 9 General Function Secondary metabolites biosynthesis, transport and catabolism
Enzyme 9 Specific Function Not Available
Enzyme 9 Pathways Not Available
Enzyme 9 Reactions Not Available
Enzyme 9 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 9 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 9 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 9 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 9 GenBank ID Protein Not Available
Enzyme 9 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID Q16874 Link Image
Enzyme 9 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name Q16874_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 9 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 9 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 9 Gene Sequence Not Available
Enzyme 9 GenBank Gene ID AF019413 Link Image
Enzyme 9 GeneCard ID Q16874 Link Image
Enzyme 9 GenAtlas ID P450-CYP21B Link Image
Enzyme 9 HGNC ID HGNC:2600 Link Image
Enzyme 9 Chromosome Location Not Available
Enzyme 9 Locus Not Available
Enzyme 9 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 9 General References Not Available
Enzyme 9 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 10 [top]
Enzyme 10 ID 14860
Enzyme 10 Name HSD3B2 protein
Enzyme 10 Synonyms
  1. Hydroxy-delta-5-steroid dehydrogenase, 3 beta-and steroid delta-isomerase 2, isoform CRA_a
Enzyme 10 Gene Name HSD3B2
Enzyme 10 Protein Sequence >HSD3B2 protein 
MGWSCLVTGAGGLLGQRIVRLLVEEKELKEIRALDKAFRPELREEFSKLQNRTKLTVLEG
DILDEPFLKRACQDVSVVIHTACIIDVFGVTHRESIMNVNVKGTQLLLEACVQASVPVFI
YTSSIEVAGPNSYKEIIQNGHEEEPLENTWPTPYPYSKKLAEKAVLAANGWNLKNGDTLY
TCALRPTYIYGEGGPFLSASINEALNNNGILSSVGKFSTVNPVYVGNVAWAHILALRALR
DPKKAPSVRGQFYYISDDTPHQSYDNLNYILSKEFGLRLDSRWSLPLTLMYWIGFLLEVV
SFLLSPIYSYQPPFNRHTVTLSNSVFTFSYKKAQRDLAYKPLYSWEEAKQKTVEWVGSLV
DRHKETLKSKTQ
Enzyme 10 Number of Residues 372
Enzyme 10 Molecular Weight 42053
Enzyme 10 Theoretical pI 8.17
Enzyme 10 GO Classification
Function
  • 3-beta-hydroxy-delta5-steroid dehydrogenase activity
  • catalytic activity
  • intramolecular oxidoreductase activity
  • intramolecular oxidoreductase activity, transposing C=C bonds
  • isomerase activity
  • oxidoreductase activity
  • oxidoreductase activity, acting on CH-OH group of donors
  • oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-OH group of donors, NAD or NADP as acceptor
  • steroid dehydrogenase activity
  • steroid delta-isomerase activity
Process
  • cellular lipid metabolism
  • lipid metabolism
  • metabolism
  • physiological process
  • primary metabolism
  • steroid biosynthesis
  • steroid metabolism
Component
—
Enzyme 10 General Function Cell wall/membrane/envelope biogenesis
Enzyme 10 Specific Function Not Available
Enzyme 10 Pathways Not Available
Enzyme 10 Reactions Not Available
Enzyme 10 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 10 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 10 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 10 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 10 GenBank ID Protein 124297709 Link Image
Enzyme 10 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID A2RRA5 Link Image
Enzyme 10 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name A2RRA5_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 10 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 10 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 10 Gene Sequence >1119 bp 
ATGGGCTGGAGCTGCCTTGTGACAGGAGCAGGAGGGCTTCTGGGTCAGAGGATCGTCCGC
CTGTTGGTGGAAGAGAAGGAACTGAAGGAGATCAGGGCCTTGGACAAGGCCTTCAGACCA
GAATTGAGAGAGGAATTTTCTAAGCTCCAGAACAGGACCAAGCTGACTGTACTTGAAGGA
GACATTCTGGATGAGCCATTCCTGAAAAGAGCCTGCCAGGACGTCTCGGTCGTCATCCAC
ACCGCCTGTATCATTGATGTCTTTGGTGTCACTCACAGAGAGTCCATCATGAATGTCAAT
GTGAAAGGTACCCAGCTACTGTTGGAGGCCTGTGTCCAAGCCAGTGTGCCAGTCTTCATC
TACACCAGTAGCATAGAGGTAGCCGGGCCCAACTCCTACAAGGAAATCATCCAGAACGGC
CACGAAGAAGAGCCTCTGGAAAACACATGGCCCACTCCATACCCGTACAGCAAAAAGCTT
GCTGAGAAGGCTGTGCTGGCGGCTAATGGGTGGAATCTAAAAAATGGTGATACCTTGTAC
ACTTGTGCGTTAAGACCCACATATATCTATGGGGAAGGAGGCCCATTCCTTTCTGCCAGT
ATAAATGAGGCCCTGAACAACAATGGGATCCTGTCAAGTGTTGGAAAGTTCTCTACAGTC
AACCCAGTCTATGTTGGCAACGTGGCCTGGGCCCACATTCTGGCCTTGAGGGCTCTGCGG
GACCCCAAGAAGGCCCCAAGTGTCCGAGGTCAATTCTATTACATCTCAGATGACACGCCT
CACCAAAGCTATGATAACCTTAATTACATCCTGAGCAAAGAGTTTGGCCTCCGCCTTGAT
TCCAGATGGAGCCTTCCTTTAACCCTGATGTACTGGATTGGCTTCCTGCTGGAAGTAGTG
AGCTTCCTACTCAGCCCAATTTACTCCTATCAACCCCCCTTCAACCGCCACACAGTCACA
TTATCAAATAGTGTGTTCACCTTCTCTTACAAGAAGGCTCAGCGAGATCTGGCGTATAAG
CCACTCTACAGCTGGGAGGAAGCCAAGCAGAAAACCGTGGAGTGGGTTGGTTCCCTTGTG
GACCGGCACAAGGAGACCCTGAAGTCCAAGACTCAGTGA
Enzyme 10 GenBank Gene ID BC131488 Link Image
Enzyme 10 GeneCard ID A2RRA5 Link Image
Enzyme 10 GenAtlas ID Not Available
Enzyme 10 HGNC ID Not Available
Enzyme 10 Chromosome Location Not Available
Enzyme 10 Locus Not Available
Enzyme 10 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 10 General References
  1. Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, Derge JG, Klausner RD, Collins FS, Wagner L, Shenmen CM, Schuler GD, Altschul SF, Zeeberg B, Buetow KH, Schaefer CF, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Jordan H, Moore T, Max SI, Wang J, Hsieh F, Diatchenko L, Marusina K, Farmer AA, Rubin GM, Hong L, Stapleton M, Soares MB, Bonaldo MF, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brownstein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Prange C, Raha SS, Loquellano NA, Peters GJ, Abramson RD, Mullahy SJ, Bosak SA, McEwan PJ, McKernan KJ, Malek JA, Gunaratne PH, Richards S, Worley KC, Hale S, Garcia AM, Gay LJ, Hulyk SW, Villalon DK, Muzny DM, Sodergren EJ, Lu X, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madan A, Young AC, Shevchenko Y, Bouffard GG, Blakesley RW, Touchman JW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Krzywinski MI, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Marra MA: Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 Dec 24;99(26):16899-903. Epub 2002 Dec 11. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 10 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 11 [top]
Enzyme 11 ID 15062
Enzyme 11 Name Cytochrome P450, family 21, subfamily A, polypeptide 2
Enzyme 11 Synonyms Not Available
Enzyme 11 Gene Name CYP21A2
Enzyme 11 Protein Sequence >Cytochrome P450, family 21, subfamily A, polypeptide 2 
MLLLGLLLLLPLLAGARLLWNWWKLQSLHLPPLAPGFLHLLQPDLPIYLLGLTQKFGPIY
RLHLGLQDVVVLNSKRTIEEAMVKKWADFAGRPEPLTYKLVSRNYPDLSLGDYSLLWKAH
KKLTRSALLLGIRDSMEPVVEQLTQEFCERMRAQPGTPVAIEEEFSLLTCSIICYLTFGD
KIKDDNLMPAYYKCIQEVLKTWSHWSIQIVDVIPFLRFFPNPGLRRLKQAIEKRDHIVEM
QLRQHKESLVAGQWRDMMDYMLQGVAQPSMEEGSGQLLEGHVHMAAVDLLIGGTETTANT
LSWAVVFLLHHPEIQQRLQEELDHELGPGASSSRVPYKDRARLPLLNATIAEVLRLRPVV
PLALPHRTTRPSSISGYDIPEGTVIIPNLQGAHLDETVWERPHEFWPDRFLEPGKNSRAL
AFGCGARVCLGEPLARLELFVVLTRLLQAFTLLPSGDALPSLQPLPHCSVILKMQPFQVR
LQPRGMGAHSPGQSQ
Enzyme 11 Number of Residues 495
Enzyme 11 Molecular Weight 55974
Enzyme 11 Theoretical pI 7.68
Enzyme 11 GO Classification
Function
  • binding
  • catalytic activity
  • cation binding
  • heme binding
  • ion binding
  • iron ion binding
  • monooxygenase activity
  • oxidoreductase activity
  • tetrapyrrole binding
  • transition metal ion binding
Process
  • cellular metabolism
  • electron transport
  • generation of precursor metabolites and energy
  • metabolism
  • physiological process
Component
—
Enzyme 11 General Function Secondary metabolites biosynthesis, transport and catabolism
Enzyme 11 Specific Function Not Available
Enzyme 11 Pathways Not Available
Enzyme 11 Reactions Not Available
Enzyme 11 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 11 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 11 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 11 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 11 GenBank ID Protein 115528435 Link Image
Enzyme 11 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID Q08AG9 Link Image
Enzyme 11 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name Q08AG9_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 11 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 11 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 11 Gene Sequence >1488 bp 
ATGCTGCTCCTGGGCCTGCTGCTGCTGCTGCCCCTGCTGGCTGGCGCCCGCCTGCTGTGG
AACTGGTGGAAGCTCCAGAGCCTCCACCTCCCGCCTCTTGCCCCGGGCTTCTTGCACTTG
CTGCAGCCCGACCTCCCAATCTATCTGCTTGGCCTGACTCAGAAATTCGGGCCCATCTAC
AGGCTCCACCTTGGGCTGCAAGATGTGGTGGTGCTGAACTCCAAGAGGACCATTGAGGAA
GCCATGGTCAAAAAGTGGGCAGACTTTGCTGGCAGACCTGAGCCACTTACCTACAAGCTG
GTGTCTAGGAACTACCCGGACCTGTCCTTGGGAGACTACTCCCTGCTCTGGAAAGCCCAC
AAGAAGCTCACCCGCTCAGCCCTGCTGCTGGGCATCCGTGACTCCATGGAGCCAGTGGTG
GAGCAGCTGACCCAGGAGTTCTGTGAGCGCATGAGAGCCCAGCCCGGCACCCCTGTGGCC
ATTGAGGAGGAATTCTCTCTCCTCACCTGCAGCATCATCTGTTACCTCACCTTCGGAGAC
AAGATCAAGGACGACAACTTAATGCCTGCCTATTACAAATGTATCCAGGAGGTGTTAAAA
ACCTGGAGCCACTGGTCCATCCAAATTGTGGACGTGATTCCCTTTCTCAGGTTCTTCCCC
AATCCAGGTCTCCGGAGGCTGAAGCAGGCCATAGAGAAGAGGGATCACATCGTGGAGATG
CAGCTGAGGCAGCACAAGGAGAGCCTCGTGGCAGGCCAGTGGAGGGACATGATGGACTAC
ATGCTCCAAGGGGTGGCGCAGCCGAGCATGGAAGAGGGCTCTGGACAGCTCCTGGAAGGG
CACGTGCACATGGCTGCAGTGGACCTCCTGATCGGTGGCACTGAGACCACAGCAAACACC
CTCTCCTGGGCCGTGGTTTTTTTGCTTCACCACCCTGAGATTCAGCAGCGACTGCAGGAG
GAGCTAGACCACGAACTGGGCCCTGGTGCCTCCAGCTCCCGGGTCCCCTACAAGGACCGT
GCACGGCTGCCCTTGCTCAATGCCACCATCGCCGAGGTGCTGCGCCTGCGGCCCGTTGTG
CCCTTAGCCTTGCCCCACCGCACCACACGGCCCAGCAGCATCTCCGGCTACGACATCCCT
GAGGGCACAGTCATCATTCCGAACCTCCAAGGCGCCCACCTGGATGAGACGGTCTGGGAG
AGGCCACATGAGTTCTGGCCTGATCGCTTCCTGGAGCCAGGCAAGAACTCCAGAGCTCTG
GCCTTCGGCTGCGGTGCCCGCGTGTGCCTGGGCGAGCCGCTGGCGCGCCTGGAGCTCTTC
GTGGTGCTGACCCGACTGCTGCAGGCCTTCACGCTGCTGCCCTCCGGGGACGCCCTGCCC
TCCCTGCAGCCCCTGCCCCACTGCAGTGTCATCCTCAAGATGCAGCCTTTCCAAGTGCGG
CTGCAGCCCCGGGGGATGGGGGCCCACAGCCCGGGCCAGAGCCAGTGA
Enzyme 11 GenBank Gene ID BC125181 Link Image
Enzyme 11 GeneCard ID Q08AG9 Link Image
Enzyme 11 GenAtlas ID CYP21A2 Link Image
Enzyme 11 HGNC ID HGNC:2600 Link Image
Enzyme 11 Chromosome Location Not Available
Enzyme 11 Locus Not Available
Enzyme 11 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 11 General References
  1. Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, Derge JG, Klausner RD, Collins FS, Wagner L, Shenmen CM, Schuler GD, Altschul SF, Zeeberg B, Buetow KH, Schaefer CF, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Jordan H, Moore T, Max SI, Wang J, Hsieh F, Diatchenko L, Marusina K, Farmer AA, Rubin GM, Hong L, Stapleton M, Soares MB, Bonaldo MF, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brownstein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Prange C, Raha SS, Loquellano NA, Peters GJ, Abramson RD, Mullahy SJ, Bosak SA, McEwan PJ, McKernan KJ, Malek JA, Gunaratne PH, Richards S, Worley KC, Hale S, Garcia AM, Gay LJ, Hulyk SW, Villalon DK, Muzny DM, Sodergren EJ, Lu X, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madan A, Young AC, Shevchenko Y, Bouffard GG, Blakesley RW, Touchman JW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Krzywinski MI, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Marra MA: Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 Dec 24;99(26):16899-903. Epub 2002 Dec 11. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 11 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 12 [top]
Enzyme 12 ID 16423
Enzyme 12 Name Mitochondrial cytochrome P450, family 11, subfamily B, polypeptide 2 (Cytochrome P450, family 11, subfamily B, polypeptide 2)
Enzyme 12 Synonyms Not Available
Enzyme 12 Gene Name CYP11B2
Enzyme 12 Protein Sequence >Mitochondrial cytochrome P450, family 11, subfamily B, polypeptide 2 (Cytochrome P450, family 11, subfamily B, polypeptide 2) 
MALRAKAEVCVAAPWLSLQRARALGTRAARAPRTVLPFEAMPQHPGNRWLRLLQIWREQG
YEHLHLEMHQTFQELGPIFRYNLGGPRMVCVMLPEDVEKLQQVDSLHPCRMILEPWVAYR
QHRGHKCGVFLLNGPEWRFNRLRLNPDVLSPKAVQRFLPMVDAVARDFSQALKKKVLQNA
RGSLTLDVQPSIFHYTIEASNLALFGERLGLVGHSPSSASLNFLHALEVMFKSTVQLMFM
PRSLSRWISPKVWKEHFEAWDCIFQYGDNCIQKIYQELAFNRPQHYTGIVAELLLKAELS
LEAIKANSMELTAGSVDTTAFPLLMTLFELARNPDVQQILRQESLAAAASISEHPQKATT
ELPLLRAALKETLRLYPVGLFLERVVSSDLVLQNYHIPAGTLVQVFLYSLGRNAALFPRP
ERYNPQRWLDIRGSGRNFHHVPFGFGMRQCLGRRLAEAEMLLLLHHVLKHFLVETLTQED
IKMVYSFILRPGTSPLLTFRAIN
Enzyme 12 Number of Residues 503
Enzyme 12 Molecular Weight 57561
Enzyme 12 Theoretical pI 9.78
Enzyme 12 GO Classification
Function
  • binding
  • catalytic activity
  • cation binding
  • heme binding
  • ion binding
  • iron ion binding
  • monooxygenase activity
  • oxidoreductase activity
  • tetrapyrrole binding
  • transition metal ion binding
Process
  • cellular metabolism
  • electron transport
  • generation of precursor metabolites and energy
  • metabolism
  • physiological process
Component
—
Enzyme 12 General Function Secondary metabolites biosynthesis, transport and catabolism
Enzyme 12 Specific Function Not Available
Enzyme 12 Pathways Not Available
Enzyme 12 Reactions Not Available
Enzyme 12 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 12 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 12 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 12 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 12 GenBank ID Protein Not Available
Enzyme 12 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID B0ZBE4 Link Image
Enzyme 12 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name B0ZBE4_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 12 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 12 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 12 Gene Sequence Not Available
Enzyme 12 GenBank Gene ID EU326306 Link Image
Enzyme 12 GeneCard ID B0ZBE4 Link Image
Enzyme 12 GenAtlas ID Not Available
Enzyme 12 HGNC ID Not Available
Enzyme 12 Chromosome Location Not Available
Enzyme 12 Locus Not Available
Enzyme 12 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 12 General References Not Available
Enzyme 12 Metabolite References Not Available