1. 2-Ketoisovalerate
2. 2-Ketoisovaleric acid
3. 2-Oxo-3-methylbutanoate
4. 2-Oxo-3-methylbutanoic acid
5. 2-Oxo-3-methylbutyrate
6. 2-Oxo-3-methylbutyric acid
7. 2-Oxoisovalerate
8. 2-Oxoisovaleric acid
9. 2-keto-3-Methylbutyrate
10. 2-keto-3-Methylbutyric acid
11. 3-Methyl-2-oxobutanoate
12. 3-Methyl-2-oxobutanoic acid
13. 3-Methyl-2-oxobutyrate
14. 3-Methyl-2-oxobutyric acid
15. 3-methyl-2-oxo-Butanoate
16. 3-methyl-2-oxo-Butanoic acid
17. 3-methyl-2-oxo-Butyrate
18. 3-methyl-2-oxo-Butyric acid
19. Dimethylpyruvate
20. Dimethylpyruvic acid
21. Isopropylglyoxylate
22. Isopropylglyoxylic acid
23. Ketovaline
24. a-Ketoisovalerate
25. a-Oxo-b-methylbutyrate
26. a-Oxo-b-methylbutyric acid
27. a-Oxoisovalerate
28. a-Oxoisovaleric acid
29. a-keto-Isovalerate
30. a-keto-Isovaleric acid
31. a-keto-b-Methylbutyrate
32. a-keto-b-Methylbutyric acid
33. alpha-Ketoisovalerate
34. alpha-Ketoisovaleric acid
35. 3-Methyl-2-oxobutinoic acid
36. alpha-Oxo-beta-methylbutyrate
37. alpha-Oxo-beta-methylbutyric acid
38. alpha-Oxoisovalerate
39. alpha-Oxoisovaleric acid
40. alpha-keto-Isovalerate
41. alpha-keto-Isovaleric acid
42. alpha-keto-beta-Methylbutyrate
43. alpha-keto-beta-Methylbutyric acid
44. a-ketoisovaleric acid
45. 3-Methyl-2-oxobutinoate

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• Cytoplasm
• mitochondria

• Blood
• Cerebrospinal Fluid
• Urine

• 248600 (Maple syrup urine disease)

1. Schaefer K, von Herrath D, Erley CM, Asmus G: Calcium ketovaline as new therapy for uremic hyperphosphatemia. Miner Electrolyte Metab. 1990;16(6):362-4. [PubMed ]
2. Shoemaker JD, Elliott WH: Automated screening of urine samples for carbohydrates, organic and amino acids after treatment with urease. J Chromatogr. 1991 Jan 2;562(1-2):125-38. [PubMed ]
3. Livesey G, Lund P: Binding of branched-chain 2-oxo acids to bovine serum albumin. Biochem J. 1982 Apr 15;204(1):265-72. [PubMed ]
4. Shigematsu Y, Kikuchi K, Momoi T, Sudo M, Kikawa Y, Nosaka K, Kuriyama M, Haruki S, Sanada K, Hamano N, et al.: Organic acids and branched-chain amino acids in body fluids before and after multiple exchange transfusions in maple syrup urine disease. J Inherit Metab Dis. 1983;6(4):183-9. [PubMed ]
5. Chuang DT, Niu WL, Cox RP: Activities of branched-chain 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase and its components in skin fibroblasts from normal and classical-maple-syrup-urine-disease subjects. Biochem J. 1981 Oct 15;200(1):59-67. [PubMed ]
6. Lee SH, Kim SO, Chung BC: Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric determination of urinary oxoacids using O-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzyl)oxime-trimethylsilyl ester derivatization and cation-exchange chromatography. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl. 1998 Nov 20;719(1-2):1-7. [PubMed ]
7. Gallina DL, Dominguez JM, Hoschoian JC, Barrio JR: Maintenance of nitrogen balance in a young woman by substitution of -ketoisovaleric acid for valine. J Nutr. 1971 Sep;101(9):1165-7. [PubMed ]
8. Schauder P, Schroder K, Langenbeck U: Serum branched-chain amino and keto acid response to a protein-rich meal in man. Ann Nutr Metab. 1984;28(6):350-6. [PubMed ]
9. Tsuchiya H, Hashizume I, Tokunaga T, Tatsumi M, Takagi N, Hayashi T: High-performance liquid chromatography of alpha-keto acids in human saliva. Arch Oral Biol. 1983;28(11):989-92. [PubMed ]

1. Pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit beta, mitochondrial precursor
2. Pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component alpha subunit, somatic form, mitochondrial precursor
3. Pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component alpha subunit, testis-specific form, mitochondrial precursor
4. Dihydrolipoyllysine-residue acetyltransferase component of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, mitochondrial precursor
5. 2-oxoisovalerate dehydrogenase subunit beta, mitochondrial precursor
6. 2-oxoisovalerate dehydrogenase subunit alpha, mitochondrial precursor
7. Branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase, cytosolic
8. cDNA, FLJ95372, highly similar to Homo sapiens branched chain aminotransferase 2, mitochondrial(BCAT2), mRNA (Branched chain aminotransferase 2, mitochondrial)

1. PDHE1-B

MAAVSGLVRRPLREVSGLLKRRFHWTAPAALQVTVRDAINQGMDEELERDEKVFLLGEEV
AQYDGAYKVSRGLWKKYGDKRIIDTPISEMGFAGIAVGAAMAGLRPICEFMTFNFSMQAI
DQVINSAAKTYYMSGGLQPVPIVFRGPNGASAGVAAQHSQCFAAWYGHCPGLKVVSPWNS
EDAKGLIKSAIRDNNPVVVLENELMYGVPFEFPPEAQSKDFLIPIGKAKIERQGTHITVV
SHSRPVGHCLEAAAVLSKEGVECEVINMRTIRPMDMETIEASVMKTNHLVTVEGGWPQFG
VGAEICARIMEGPAFNFLDAPAVRVTGADVPMPYAKILEDNSIPQVKDIIFAIKKTLNI

• Butyrate Metabolism (map00650 )
• Gluconeogenesis (map00010 )
• Pyruvate Metabolism (map00620 )

• pyruvate + [dihydrolipoyllysine-residue acetyltransferase] lipoyllysine = [dihydrolipoyllysine-residue acetyltransferase] S-acetyldihydrolipoyllysine + CO2

• Transket_pyr (PF02779 )
• Transketolase_C (PF02780 )

• None

• None

ATGGCGGCGGTGTCTGGCTTGGTGCGGAGACCCCTTCGGGAGGTCTCCGGGCTGCTGAAG
AGGCGCTTTCACTGGACCGCGCCGGCTGCGCTGCAGGTGACAGTTCGTGATGCTATAAAT
CAGGGTATGGATGAGGAGCTGGAAAGAGATGAGAAGGTATTTCTGCTTGGAGAAGAAGTT
GCCCAGTATGATGGGGCATACAAGGTTAGTCGAGGGCTGTGGAAGAAATATGGAGACAAG
AGGATTATTGACACTCCCATATCAGAGATGGGCTTTGCTGGAATTGCTGTAGGTGCAGCT
ATGGCTGGGTTGCGGCCCATTTGTGAATTTATGACCTTCAATTTCTCCATGCAAGCCATT
GACCAGGTTATAAACTCAGCTGCCAAGACCTACTACATGTCTGGTGGCCTTCAGCCTGTG
CCTATAGTCTTCAGGGGACCCAATGGTGCCTCAGCAGGTGTAGCTGCCCAGCACTCACAG
TGCTTTGCTGCCTGGTATGGGCACTGCCCAGGCTTAAAGGTGGTCAGTCCCTGGAATTCA
GAGGATGCTAAAGGACTTATTAAATCAGCCATTCGGGATAACAATCCAGTGGTGGTGCTA
GAGAATGAATTGATGTATGGGGTTCCTTTTGAATTTCCTCCGGAAGCTCAGTCAAAAGAT
TTTCTGATTCCTATTGGAAAAGCCAAAATAGAAAGGCAAGGAACACATATAACTGTGGTT
TCCCATTCAAGACCTGTGGGCCACTGCTTAGAAGCTGCAGCAGTGCTATCTAAAGAAGGA
GTTGAATGTGAGGTGATAAATATGCGTACCATTAGACCAATGGACATGGAAACCATAGAA
GCCAGTGTCATGAAGACAAATCATCTTGTAACTGTGGAAGGAGGCTGGCCACAGTTTGGA
GTAGGAGCTGAAATCTGTGCCAGGATCATGGAAGGTCCTGCGTTCAATTTCCTGGATGCT
CCTGCTGTTCGTGTCACTGGTGCTGATGTCCCTATGCCTTATGCAAAGATTCTAGAGGAC
AACTCTATACCTCAGGTCAAAGACATCATATTTGCAATAAAGAAAACATTAAATATTTAG

1. Ho L, Patel MS: Cloning and cDNA sequence of the beta-subunit component of human pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. Gene. 1990 Feb 14;86(2):297-302. [PubMed ]
2. Chun K, Mackay N, Willard HF, Robinson BH: Isolation, characterization and chromosomal localization of cDNA clones for the E1 beta subunit of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. Eur J Biochem. 1990 Dec 12;194(2):587-92. [PubMed ]
3. Huh TL, Casazza JP, Huh JW, Chi YT, Song BJ: Characterization of two cDNA clones for pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 beta subunit and its regulation in tricarboxylic acid cycle-deficient fibroblast. J Biol Chem. 1990 Aug 5;265(22):13320-6. [PubMed ]
4. Koike K, Urata Y, Koike M: Molecular cloning and characterization of human pyruvate dehydrogenase beta subunit gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 Aug;87(15):5594-7. [PubMed ]
5. Koike K, Ohta S, Urata Y, Kagawa Y, Koike M: Cloning and sequencing of cDNAs encoding alpha and beta subunits of human pyruvate dehydrogenase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Jan;85(1):41-5. [PubMed ]
6. Wiemann S, Weil B, Wellenreuther R, Gassenhuber J, Glassl S, Ansorge W, Bocher M, Blocker H, Bauersachs S, Blum H, Lauber J, Dusterhoft A, Beyer A, Kohrer K, Strack N, Mewes HW, Ottenwalder B, Obermaier B, Tampe J, Heubner D, Wambutt R, Korn B, Klein M, Poustka A: Toward a catalog of human genes and proteins: sequencing and analysis of 500 novel complete protein coding human cDNAs. Genome Res. 2001 Mar;11(3):422-35. [PubMed ]
7. Ho L, Javed AA, Pepin RA, Thekkumkara TJ, Raefsky C, Mole JE, Caliendo AM, Kwon MS, Kerr DS, Patel MS: Identification of a cDNA clone for the beta-subunit of the pyruvate dehydrogenase component of human pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1988 Feb 15;150(3):904-8. [PubMed ]
8. Corbett JM, Wheeler CH, Baker CS, Yacoub MH, Dunn MJ: The human myocardial two-dimensional gel protein database: update 1994. Electrophoresis. 1994 Nov;15(11):1459-65. [PubMed ]
9. Muno D, Kominami E, Ishii H, Usui K, Saifuku K, Sakakibara Y, Namihisa T: Isolation of tryptic fragment of antigen from mitochondrial inner membrane proteins reacting with antimitochondrial antibody in sera of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. Hepatology. 1990 Jan;11(1):16-23. [PubMed ]
10. Ciszak EM, Korotchkina LG, Dominiak PM, Sidhu S, Patel MS: Structural basis for flip-flop action of thiamin pyrophosphate-dependent enzymes revealed by human pyruvate dehydrogenase. J Biol Chem. 2003 Jun 6;278(23):21240-6. Epub 2003 Mar 21. [PubMed ]

1. Jackson RH, Singer TP: Inactivation of the 2-ketoglutarate and pyruvate dehydrogenase complexes of beef heart by branched chain keto acids. J Biol Chem. 1983 Feb 10;258(3):1857-65. [PubMed ]

1. PDHE1-A type I

MRKMLAAVSRVLSGASQKPASRVLVASRNFANDATFEIKKCDLHRLEEGPPVTTVLTRED
GLKYYRMMQTVRRMELKADQLYKQKIIRGFCHLCDGQEACCVGLEAGINPTDHLITAYRA
HGFTFTRGLSVREILAELTGRKGGCAKGKGGSMHMYAKNFYGGNGIVGAQVPLGAGIALA
CKYNGKDEVCLTLYGDGAANQGQIFEAYNMAALWKLPCIFICENNRYGMGTSVERAAAST
DYYKRGDFIPGLRVDGMDILCVREATRFAAAYCRSGKGPILMELQTYRYHGHSMSDPGVS
YRTREEIQEVRSKSDPIMLLKDRMVNSNLASVEELKEIDVEVRKEIEDAAQFATADPEPP
LEELGYHIYSSDPPFEVRGANQWIKFKSVS

• Butyrate Metabolism (map00650 )
• Gluconeogenesis (map00010 )
• Pyruvate Metabolism (map00620 )

• pyruvate + [dihydrolipoyllysine-residue acetyltransferase] lipoyllysine = [dihydrolipoyllysine-residue acetyltransferase] S-acetyldihydrolipoyllysine + CO2

• E1_dh (PF00676 )

• 1-16

ATGAGGAAGATGCTCGCCGCCGTCTCCCGCGTGCTGTCTGGCGCTTCTCAGAAGCCGGCA
AGCAGAGTGCTGGTAGCATCCCGTAATTTTGCAAATGATGCTACATTTGAAATTAAGAAA
TGTGACCTTCACCGGCTGGAAGAAGGCCCTCCTGTCACAACAGTGCTCACCAGGGAGGAT
GGGCTCAAATACTACAGGATGATGCAGACTGTACGCCGAATGGAGTTGAAAGCAGATCAG
CTGTATAAACAGAAAATTATTCGTGGTTTCTGTCACTTGTGTGATGGTCAGGAAGCTTGC
TGTGTGGGCCTGGAGGCCGGCATCAACCCCACAGACCATCTCATCACAGCCTACCGGGCT
CACGGCTTTACTTTCACCCGGGGCCTTTCCGTCCGAGAAATTCTCGCAGAGCTTACAGGA
CGAAAAGGAGGTTGTGCTAAAGGGAAAGGAGGATCGATGCACATGTATGCCAAGAACTTC
TACGGGGGCAATGGCATCGTGGGAGCGCAGGTGCCCCTGGGCGCTGGGATTGCTCTAGCC
TGTAAGTATAATGGAAAAGATGAGGTCTGCCTGACTTTATATGGCGATGGTGCTGCTAAC
CAGGGCCAGATATTCGAAGCTTACAACATGGCAGCTTTGTGGAAATTACCTTGTATTTTC
ATCTGTGAGAATAATCGCTATGGAATGGGAACGTCTGTTGAGAGAGCGGCAGCCAGCACT
GATTACTACAAGAGAGGCGATTTCATTCCTGGGCTGAGAGTGGATGGAATGGATATCCTG
TGCGTCCGAGAGGCAACAAGGTTTGCTGCTGCCTATTGTAGATCTGGGAAGGGGCCCATC
CTGATGGAGCTGCAGACTTACCGTTACCACGGACACAGTATGAGTGACCCTGGAGTCAGT
TACCGTACACGAGAAGAAATTCAGGAAGTAAGAAGTAAGAGTGACCCTATTATGCTTCTC
AAGGACAGGATGGTGAACAGCAATCTTGCCAGTGTGGAAGAACTAAAGGAAATTGATGTG
GAAGTGAGGAAGGAGATTGAGGATGCTGCCCAGTTTGCCACGGCCGATCCTGAGCCACCT
TTGGAAGAGCTGGGCTACCACATCTACTCCAGCGACCCACCTTTTGAAGTTCGTGGTGCC
AATCAGTGGATCAAGTTTAAGTCAGTCAGTTAA

1. Koike K, Urata Y, Matsuo S, Koike M: Characterization and nucleotide sequence of the gene encoding the human pyruvate dehydrogenase alpha-subunit. Gene. 1990 Sep 14;93(2):307-11. [PubMed ]
2. Ho L, Wexler ID, Liu TC, Thekkumkara TJ, Patel MS: Characterization of cDNAs encoding human pyruvate dehydrogenase alpha subunit. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 Jul;86(14):5330-4. [PubMed ]
3. Dahl HH, Hunt SM, Hutchison WM, Brown GK: The human pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. Isolation of cDNA clones for the E1 alpha subunit, sequence analysis, and characterization of the mRNA. J Biol Chem. 1987 May 25;262(15):7398-403. [PubMed ]
4. Maragos C, Hutchison WM, Hayasaka K, Brown GK, Dahl HH: Structural organization of the gene for the E1 alpha subunit of the human pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. J Biol Chem. 1989 Jul 25;264(21):12294-8. [PubMed ]
5. De Meirleir L, MacKay N, Lam Hon Wah AM, Robinson BH: Isolation of a full-length complementary DNA coding for human E1 alpha subunit of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. J Biol Chem. 1988 Feb 5;263(4):1991-5. [PubMed ]
6. Koike K, Ohta S, Urata Y, Kagawa Y, Koike M: Cloning and sequencing of cDNAs encoding alpha and beta subunits of human pyruvate dehydrogenase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Jan;85(1):41-5. [PubMed ]
7. Harris EE, Hey J: X chromosome evidence for ancient human histories. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999 Mar 16;96(6):3320-4. [PubMed ]
8. Ciszak EM, Korotchkina LG, Dominiak PM, Sidhu S, Patel MS: Structural basis for flip-flop action of thiamin pyrophosphate-dependent enzymes revealed by human pyruvate dehydrogenase. J Biol Chem. 2003 Jun 6;278(23):21240-6. Epub 2003 Mar 21. [PubMed ]
9. Dahl HH, Brown GK, Brown RM, Hansen LL, Kerr DS, Wexler ID, Patel MS, De Meirleir L, Lissens W, Chun K, et al.: Mutations and polymorphisms in the pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 alpha gene. Hum Mutat. 1992;1(2):97-102. [PubMed ]
10. Hansen LL, Brown GK, Kirby DM, Dahl HH: Characterization of the mutations in three patients with pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 alpha deficiency. J Inherit Metab Dis. 1991;14(2):140-51. [PubMed ]
11. De Meirleir L, Lissens W, Vamos E, Liebaers I: Pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) deficiency caused by a 21-base pair insertion mutation in the E1 alpha subunit. Hum Genet. 1992 Mar;88(6):649-52. [PubMed ]
12. Dahl HH, Hansen LL, Brown RM, Danks DM, Rogers JG, Brown GK: X-linked pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 alpha subunit deficiency in heterozygous females: variable manifestation of the same mutation. J Inherit Metab Dis. 1992;15(6):835-47. [PubMed ]
13. Matthews PM, Marchington DR, Squier M, Land J, Brown RM, Brown GK: Molecular genetic characterization of an X-linked form of Leigh's syndrome. Ann Neurol. 1993 Jun;33(6):652-5. [PubMed ]
14. Chun K, MacKay N, Petrova-Benedict R, Robinson BH: Mutations in the X-linked E1 alpha subunit of pyruvate dehydrogenase leading to deficiency of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. Hum Mol Genet. 1993 Apr;2(4):449-54. [PubMed ]
15. Matthews PM, Brown RM, Otero LJ, Marchington DR, LeGris M, Howes R, Meadows LS, Shevell M, Scriver CR, Brown GK: Pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency. Clinical presentation and molecular genetic characterization of five new patients. Brain. 1994 Jun;117 ( Pt 3):435-43. [PubMed ]
16. Hansen LL, Horn N, Dahl HH, Kruse TA: Pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency caused by a 33 base pair duplication in the PDH E1 alpha subunit. Hum Mol Genet. 1994 Jun;3(6):1021-2. [PubMed ]
17. Dahl HH, Brown GK: Pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency in a male caused by a point mutation (F205L) in the E1 alpha subunit. Hum Mutat. 1994;3(2):152-5. [PubMed ]
18. Awata H, Endo F, Tanoue A, Kitano A, Matsuda I: Characterization of a point mutation in the pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 alpha gene from two boys with primary lactic acidaemia. J Inherit Metab Dis. 1994;17(2):189-95. [PubMed ]
19. Chun K, MacKay N, Petrova-Benedict R, Federico A, Fois A, Cole DE, Robertson E, Robinson BH: Mutations in the X-linked E1 alpha subunit of pyruvate dehydrogenase: exon skipping, insertion of duplicate sequence, and missense mutations leading to the deficiency of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. Am J Hum Genet. 1995 Mar;56(3):558-69. [PubMed ]
20. Takakubo F, Cartwright P, Hoogenraad N, Thorburn DR, Collins F, Lithgow T, Dahl HH: An amino acid substitution in the pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 alpha gene, affecting mitochondrial import of the precursor protein. Am J Hum Genet. 1995 Oct;57(4):772-80. [PubMed ]
21. Hemalatha SG, Kerr DS, Wexler ID, Lusk MM, Kaung M, Du Y, Kolli M, Schelper RL, Patel MS: Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex deficiency due to a point mutation (P188L) within the thiamine pyrophosphate binding loop of the E1 alpha subunit. Hum Mol Genet. 1995 Feb;4(2):315-8. [PubMed ]
22. Lissens W, De Meirleir L, Seneca S, Benelli C, Marsac C, Poll-The BT, Briones P, Ruitenbeek W, van Diggelen O, Chaigne D, Ramaekers V, Liebaers I: Mutation analysis of the pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 alpha gene in eight patients with a pyruvate dehydrogenase complex deficiency. Hum Mutat. 1996;7(1):46-51. [PubMed ]
23. Tripatara A, Kerr DS, Lusk MM, Kolli M, Tan J, Patel MS: Three new mutations of the pyruvate dehydrogenase alpha subunit: a point mutation (M181V), 3 bp deletion (-R282), and 16 bp insertion/frameshift (K358SVS-->TVDQS). Hum Mutat. 1996;8(2):180-2. [PubMed ]
24. Otero LJ, Brown RM, Brown GK: Arginine 302 mutations in the pyruvate dehydrogenase E1alpha subunit gene: identification of further patients and in vitro demonstration of pathogenicity. Hum Mutat. 1998;12(2):114-21. [PubMed ]
25. Ito M, Huq AH, Naito E, Saijo T, Takeda E, Kuroda Y: Mutation of E1 alpha gene in a female patient with pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency due to rapid degradation of E1 protein. J Inherit Metab Dis. 1992;15(6):848-56. [PubMed ]

1. Jackson RH, Singer TP: Inactivation of the 2-ketoglutarate and pyruvate dehydrogenase complexes of beef heart by branched chain keto acids. J Biol Chem. 1983 Feb 10;258(3):1857-65. [PubMed ]

1. PDHE1-A type II

MLAAFISRVLRRVAQKSARRVLVASRNSSNDATFEIKKCDLYLLEEGPPVTTVLTRAEGL
KYYRMMLTVRRMELKADQLYKQKFIRGFCHLCDGQEACCVGLEAGINPSDHVITSYRAHG
VCYTRGLSVRSILAELTGRRGGCAKGKGGSMHMYTKNFYGGNGIVGAQGPLGAGIALACK
YKGNDEICLTLYGDGAANQGQIAEAFNMAALWKLPCVFICENNLYGMGTSTERAAASPDY
YKRGNFIPGLKVDGMDVLCVREATKFAANYCRSGKGPILMELQTYRYHGHSMSDPGVSYR
TREEIQEVRSKRDPIIILQDRMVNSKLATVEELKEIGAEVRKEIDDAAQFATTDPEPHLE
ELGHHIYSSDSSFEVRGANPWIKFKSVS

• Butyrate Metabolism (map00650 )
• Gluconeogenesis (map00010 )
• Pyruvate Metabolism (map00620 )

• pyruvate + [dihydrolipoyllysine-residue acetyltransferase] lipoyllysine = [dihydrolipoyllysine-residue acetyltransferase] S-acetyldihydrolipoyllysine + CO2

• E1_dh (PF00676 )

• 1-15

ATGCTGGCCGCCTTCATCTCCCGCGTGTTGAGGCGAGTTGCCCAGAAATCAGCTCGCAGA
GTGCTGGTGGCATCCCGTAACTCCTCAAATGACGCTACATTTGAAATTAAGAAATGTGAT
CTTTATCTGTTGGAAGAGGGTCCCCCTGTCACTACAGTGCTCACTAGGGCGGAGGGGCTT
AAATACTACAGGATGATGCTGACTGTTCGCCGCATGGAATTGAAGGCAGATCAGCTGTAC
AAACAGAAATTCATTCGCGGTTTCTGTCACCTGTGCGATGGTCAGGAAGCTTGTTGCGTG
GGCCTTGAGGCCGGCATAAACCCCTCGGATCACGTCATTACATCCTATAGGGCTCATGGT
GTGTGCTATACTCGGGGACTTTCTGTCCGATCCATTCTCGCAGAGCTGACGGGAAGAAGA
GGAGGTTGTGCTAAAGGAAAAGGAGGATCGATGCATATGTATACCAAGAACTTCTATGGG
GGCAATGGCATCGTCGGTGCACAGGGCCCCCTGGGCGCTGGCATTGCTCTGGCCTGTAAA
TATAAAGGAAACGATGAGATCTGTTTGACTTTATATGGGGATGGCGCTGCGAATCAGGGG
CAGATAGCCGAAGCTTTCAATATGGCAGCTTTATGGAAATTACCTTGTGTTTTCATCTGT
GAGAATAACCTATATGGAATGGGAACATCTACTGAGAGAGCAGCAGCCAGCCCTGATTAC
TACAAGAGGGGCAATTTTATCCCTGGGCTAAAGGTCGATGGAATGGATGTTCTGTGTGTT
CGTGAGGCAACAAAATTTGCAGCTAACTACTGTAGATCTGGAAAGGGGCCCATACTGATG
GAGCTGCAAACCTACCGTTATCATGGACACAGTATGAGTGATCCTGGAGTCAGTTATCGT
ACACGAGAAGAAATTCAGGAAGTAAGAAGTAAGAGGGATCCTATAATAATTCTCCAAGAT
AGAATGGTAAACAGCAAGCTCGCCACTGTGGAAGAATTAAAGGAAATTGGGGCTGAGGTG
AGGAAAGAAATTGATGATGCTGCCCAGTTTGCTACCACTGATCCTGAGCCACATTTGGAA
GAATTAGGCCATCACATCTACAGCAGTGATTCATCTTTTGAAGTTCGTGGTGCAAATCCA
TGGATCAAGTTTAAGTCCGTCAGTTAA

1. Dahl HH, Brown RM, Hutchison WM, Maragos C, Brown GK: A testis-specific form of the human pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 alpha subunit is coded for by an intronless gene on chromosome 4. Genomics. 1990 Oct;8(2):225-32. [PubMed ]

1. Jackson RH, Singer TP: Inactivation of the 2-ketoglutarate and pyruvate dehydrogenase complexes of beef heart by branched chain keto acids. J Biol Chem. 1983 Feb 10;258(3):1857-65. [PubMed ]

1. Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex E2 subunit
2. PDCE2
3. E2
4. Dihydrolipoamide S- acetyltransferase component of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
5. PDC- E2
6. 70 kDa mitochondrial autoantigen of primary biliary cirrhosis
7. PBC
8. M2 antigen complex 70 kDa subunit

MSPHCSTTYLRTLGRTTMFWKTTEGRDGKMAVQEFSEFGLLLQLLGSPGRRYYSLPPHQK
VPLPSLSPTMQAGTIARWEKKEGDKINEGDLIAEVETDKATVGFESLEECYMAKILVAEG
TRDVPIGAIICITVGKPEDIEAFKNYTLDSSAAPTPQAAPAPTPAATASPPTPSAQAPGS
SYPPHMQVLLPALSPTMTMGTVQRWEKKVGEKLSEGDLLAEIETDKATIGFEVQEEGYLA
KILVPEGTRDVPLGTPLCIIVEKEADISAFADYRPTEVTDLKPQVPPPTPPPVAAVPPTP
QPLAPTPSTPCPATPAGPKGRVFVDPLAKKLAVEKGIDLTQVKGTGPDGRITKKDIDSFV
PSKVAPAPAAVVPPTGPGMAPVPTGVFTDIPISNIRRVIAQRLMQSKQTIPHYYLSIDVN
MGEVLLVRKELNKILEGRSKISVNDFIIKASALACLKVPEANSSWMDTVIRQNHVVDVSV
AVSTPAGLITPIVFNAHIKGVETIANDVVSLATKAREGKLQPHEFQGGTFTISNLGMFGI
KNFSAIINPPQACILAIGASEDKLVPADNEKGFDVASMMSVTLSCDHRVVDGAVGAQWLA
EFRKYLEKPITMLL

• Gluconeogenesis (map00010 )
• Pyruvate Metabolism (map00620 )

• acetyl-CoA + enzyme N6-(dihydrolipoyl)lysine = CoA + enzyme N6-(S-acetyldihydrolipoyl)lysine

• 2-oxoacid_dh (PF00198 )
• Biotin_lipoyl (PF00364 )
• E3_binding (PF02817 )

• None

• None

CGAGTGACCTCGCGATCTGGCCCGGCTCCCGCTCGTCGCAACAGCGTGACTACAGGGTAT
GGCGGGGTCCGGGCACTGTGCGGCTGGACCCCCAGTTCTGGGGCCACGCCGCGGAACCGC
TTACTGCTGCAGCTTTTGGGGTCGCCCGGCCGCCGCTATTACAGTCTTCCCCCGCATCAG
AAGGTTCCATTGCCTTCTCTTTCCCCCACAATGCAGGCAGGCACCATAGCCCGTTGGAAA
AAAAAAGAGGGGGACAAAATCAATGAAGGTGACCTAATTGCAGAGGTTGAAACTGATAAA
GCCACTGTTGGATTTGAGAGCCTGGAGGAGTGTTATATGGCAAAGATACTTGTTGCTGAA
GGTACCAGGGATGTTCCCATCGGAGCGATCATCTGTATCACAGTTGGCAAGCCTGAGGAT
ATTGAGGCCTTTAAAAATTATACACTGGATTCCTCAGCAGCACCTACCCCACAAGCGGCC
CCAGCACCAACCCCTGCTGCCACTGCTTCGCCACCTACACCTTCTGCTCAGGCTCCTGGT
AGCTCATATCCCCCTCACATGCAGGTACTTCTTCCTGCCCTCTCTCCCACCATGACCATG
GGCACAGTTCAGAGATGGGAAAAAAAAGTGGGTGAGAAGCTAAGTGAAGGAGACTTACTG
GCAGAGATAGAAACTGACAAAGCCACTATAGGTTTTGAAGTACAGGAAGAAGGTTATCTG
GCAAAAATCCTGGTCCCTGAAGGCACAAGAGATGTCCCTCTAGGAACCCCACTCTGTATC
ATTGTAGAAAAAGAGGCAGATATATCAGCATTTGCTGACTATAGGCCAACCGAAGTAACA
GATTTAAAACCACAAGTGCCACCACCTACCCCACCCCCGGTGGCCGCTGTTCCTCCAACT
CCCCAGCCTTTAGCTCCTACACCTTCAGCACCCTGCCCAGCTACTCCTGCTGGACCAAAG
GGAAGGGTGTTTGTTAGCCCTCTTGCAAAGAAGTTGGCAGTAGAGAAAGGGATTGATCTT
ACACAAGTAAAAGGGACAGGACCAGATGGTAGAATCACCAAGAAGGATATCGACTCTTTT
GTGCCTAGTAAAGTTGCTCCTGCTCCGGCAGCTGTTGTGCCTCCCACAGGTCCTGGAATG
GCACCAGTTCCTACAGGTGTCTTCACAGATATCCCAATCAGCAACATTCGTCGGGTTATT
GCACAGCGATTAATGCAATCAAAGCAAACCATACCTCATTATTACCTTTCTATCGATGTA
AATATGGGAGAAGTTTTGTTGGTACGGAAAGAACTTAATAAGATATTAGAAGGGAGAAGC
AAAATTTCTGTCAATGACTTCATCATAAAAGCTTCAGCTTTGGCATGTTTAAAAGTTCCC
GAAGCAAATTCTTCTTGGATGGACACAGTTATAAGACAAAATCATGTTGTTGATGTCAGT
GTTGCGGTCAGTACTCCTGCAGGACTCATCACACCTATTGTGTTTAATGCACATATAAAA
GGAGTGGAAACCATTGCTAATGATGTTGTTTCTTTAGCAACCAAAGCAAGAGAGGGTAAA
CTACAGCCACATGAATTCCAGGGTGGCACTTTTACGATCTCCAATTTAGGAATGTTTGGA
ATTAAGAATTTCTCTGCTATTATTAACCCACCTCAAGCATGTATTTTGGCAATTGGTGCT
TCAGAGGATAAACTGGTCCCTGCAGATAATGAAAAAGGGTTTGATGTGGCTAGCATGATG
TCTGTTACACTCAGTTGTGATCACCGGGTGGTGGATGGAGCAGTTGGAGCCCAGTGGCTT
GCTGAGTTTAGAAAGTACCTTGAAAAACCTATCACTATGTTGTTGTAA

1. Coppel RL, McNeilage LJ, Surh CD, Van de Water J, Spithill TW, Whittingham S, Gershwin ME: Primary structure of the human M2 mitochondrial autoantigen of primary biliary cirrhosis: dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Oct;85(19):7317-21. [PubMed ]
2. Thekkumkara TJ, Ho L, Wexler ID, Pons G, Liu TC, Patel MS: Nucleotide sequence of a cDNA for the dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase component of human pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. FEBS Lett. 1988 Nov 21;240(1-2):45-8. [PubMed ]
3. Howard MJ, Fuller C, Broadhurst RW, Perham RN, Tang JG, Quinn J, Diamond AG, Yeaman SJ: Three-dimensional structure of the major autoantigen in primary biliary cirrhosis. Gastroenterology. 1998 Jul;115(1):139-46. [PubMed ]

1. Jackson RH, Singer TP: Inactivation of the 2-ketoglutarate and pyruvate dehydrogenase complexes of beef heart by branched chain keto acids. J Biol Chem. 1983 Feb 10;258(3):1857-65. [PubMed ]

1. Branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase E1 component beta chain
2. BCKDH E1-beta

MAVVAAAAGWLLRLRAAGAEGHWRRLPGAGLARGFLHPAATVEDAAQRRQVAHFTFQPDP
EPREYGQTQKMNLFQSVTSALDNSLAKDPTAVIFGEDVAFGGVFRCTVGLRDKYGKDRVF
NTPLCEQGIVGFGIGIAVTGATAIAEIQFADYIFPAFDQIVNEAAKYRYRSGDLFNCGSL
TIRSPWGCVGHGALYHSQSPEAFFAHCPGIKVVIPRSPFQAKGLLLSCIEDKNPCIFFEP
KILYRAAAEEVPIEPYNIPLSQAEVIQEGSDVTLVAWGTQVHVIREVASMAKEKLGVSCE
VIDLRTIIPWDVDTICKSVIKTGRLLISHEAPLTGGFASEISSTVQEECFLNLEAPISRV
CGYDTPFPHIFEPFYIPDKWKCYDALRKMINY

• Valine, Leucine and Isoleucine Degradation (map00280 )

• 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate + [dihydrolipoyllysine-residue (2-methylpropanoyl)transferase] lipoyllysine = [dihydrolipoyllysine-residue (2-methylpropanoyl)transferase] S-(2-methylpropanoyl)dihydrolipoyllysine + CO2

• Transket_pyr (PF02779 )
• Transketolase_C (PF02780 )

• 1-19

ATGGCGGTTGTAGCGGCGGCTGCCGGCTGGCTACTCAGGCTCAGGGCGGCAGGGGCTGAG
GGGCACTGGCGTCGGCTTCCTGGCGCGGGGCTGGCGCGGGGCTTTTTGCACCCCGCCGCG
ACTGTCGAGGATGCGGCCCAGAGGCGGCAGGTGGCTCATTTTACTTTCCAGCCAGATCCG
GAGCCCCGGGAGTACGGGCAAACTCAGAAAATGAATCTTTTCCAGTCTGTAACAAGTGCC
TTGGATAACTCATTGGCCAAAGATCCTACTGCAGTAATATTTGGTGAAGATGTTGCCTTT
GGTGGAGTCTTTAGATGCACTGTTGGCTTGCGAGACAAATATGGAAAAGATAGAGTTTTT
AATACCCCATTGTGTGAACAAGGAATTGTTGGATTTGGAATCGGAATTGCGGTCACTGGA
GCTACTGCCATTGCGGAAATTCAGTTTGCAGATTATATTTTCCCTGCATTTGATCAGATT
GTTAATGAAGCTGCCAAGTATCGCTATCGCTCTGGGGATCTTTTTAACTGTGGAAGCCTC
ACTATCCGGTCCCCTTGGGGCTGTGTTGGTCATGGGGCTCTCTATCATTCTCAGAGTCCT
GAAGCATTTTTTGCCCATTGCCCAGGAATCAAGGTGGTTATACCCAGAAGCCCTTTCCAG
GCCAAAGGACTTCTTTTGTCATGCATAGAGGATAAAAATCCTTGTATATTTTTTGAACCT
AAAATACTTTACAGGGCAGCAGCGGAAGAAGTCCCTATAGAACCATACAACATCCCACTG
TCCCAGGCCGAAGTCATACAGGAAGGGAGTGATGTTACTCTAGTTGCCTGGGGCACTCAG
GTTCATGTGATCCGAGAGGTAGCTTCCATGGCAAAAGAAAAGCTTGGAGTGTCTTGTGAA
GTCATTGATCTGAGGACTATAATACCTTGGGATGTGGACACAATTTGTAAGTCTGTGATC
AAAACAGGGCGACTGCTAATCAGTCACGAGGCTCCCTTGACAGGCGGCTTTGCATCGGAA
ATCAGCTCTACAGTTCAGGAGGAATGTTTCTTGAACCTAGAGGCTCCTATATCAAGAGTA
TGTGGTTATGACACACCATTTCCTCACATTTTTGAACCATTCTACATCCCAGACAAATGG
AAGTGTTATGATGCCCTTCGAAAAATGATCAACTATTGA

1. Nobukuni Y, Mitsubuchi H, Endo F, Akaboshi I, Asaka J, Matsuda I: Maple syrup urine disease. Complete primary structure of the E1 beta subunit of human branched chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase complex deduced from the nucleotide sequence and a gene analysis of patients with this disease. J Clin Invest. 1990 Jul;86(1):242-7. [PubMed ]
2. Chuang JL, Cox RP, Chuang DT: Maple syrup urine disease: the E1beta gene of human branched-chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase complex has 11 rather than 10 exons, and the 3' UTR in one of the two E1beta mRNAs arises from intronic sequences. Am J Hum Genet. 1996 Jun;58(6):1373-7. [PubMed ]
3. Chuang JL, Cox RP, Chuang DT: Molecular cloning of the mature E1b-beta subunit of human branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex. FEBS Lett. 1990 Mar 26;262(2):305-9. [PubMed ]
4. Wynn RM, Kochi H, Cox RP, Chuang DT: Differential processing of human and rat E1 alpha precursors of the branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex caused by an N-terminal proline in the rat sequence. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1994 Sep 28;1201(1):125-8. [PubMed ]
5. Nobukuni Y, Mitsubuchi H, Hayashida Y, Ohta K, Indo Y, Ichiba Y, Endo F, Matsuda I: Heterogeneity of mutations in maple syrup urine disease (MSUD): screening and identification of affected E1 alpha and E1 beta subunits of the branched-chain alpha-keto-acid dehydrogenase multienzyme complex. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1993 Nov 25;1225(1):64-70. [PubMed ]

1. Branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase E1 component alpha chain
2. BCKDH E1-alpha
3. BCKDE1A

MAVAIAAARVWRLNRGLSQAALLLLRQPGARGLARSHPPRQQQQFSSLDDKPQFPGASAE
FIDKLEFIQPNVISGIPIYRVMDRQGQIINPSEDPHLPKEKVLKLYKSMTLLNTMDRILY
ESQRQGRISFYMTNYGEEGTHVGSAAALDNTDLVFGQYREAGVLMYRDYPLELFMAQCYG
NISDLGKGRQMPVHYGCKERHFVTISSPLATQIPQAVGAAYAAKRANANRVVICYFGEGA
ASEGDAHAGFNFAATLECPIIFFCRNNGYAISTPTSEQYRGDGIAARGPGYGIMSIRVDG
NDVFAVYNATKEARRRAVAENQPFLIEAMTYRIGHHSTSDDSSAYRSVDEVNYWDKQDHP
ISRLRHYLLSQGWWDEEQEKAWRKQSRRKVMEAFEQAERKPKPNPNLLFSDVYQEMPAQL
RKQQESLARHLQTYGEHYPLDHFDK

• Valine, Leucine and Isoleucine Degradation (map00280 )

• 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate + [dihydrolipoyllysine-residue (2-methylpropanoyl)transferase] lipoyllysine = [dihydrolipoyllysine-residue (2-methylpropanoyl)transferase] S-(2-methylpropanoyl)dihydrolipoyllysine + CO2

• E1_dh (PF00676 )

• 1-32

ATGGCGGTAGCGATCGCTGCAGCGAGGGTCTGGCGGCTAAACCGTGGTTTGAGCCAGGCT
GCCCTCCTGCTGCTGCGGCAGCCTGGGGCTCGGGGACTGGCTAGATCTCACCCCCCCAGG
CAGCAGCAGCAGTTTTCATCTCTGGATGACAAGCCCCAGTTCCCAGGGGCCTCGGCGGAG
TTTATAGATAAGTTGGAATTCATCCAGCCCAACGTCATCTCTGGAATCCCCATCTACCGC
GTCATGGACCGGCAAGGCCAGATCATCAACCCCAGCGAGGACCCCCACCTGCCGAAGGAG
AAGGTGCTGAAGCTCTACAAGAGCATGACACTGCTTAACACCATGGACCGCATCCTCTAT
GAGTCTCAGCGGCAGGGCCGGATCTCCTTCTACATGACCAACTATGGTGAGGAGGGCACG
CACGTGGGGAGTGCCGCCGCCCTGGACAACACGGACCTGGTGTTTGGCCAGTACCGGGAG
GCAGGTGTGCTGATGTATCGGGACTACCCCCTGGAACTATTCATGGCCCAGTGCTATGGC
AACATCAGTGACTTGGGCAAGGGGCGCCAGATGCCTGTCCACTACGGCTGCAAGGAACGC
CACTTCGTCACTATCTCCTCTCCACTGGCCACGCAGATCCCTCAGGCGGTGGGGGCGGCG
TACGCAGCCAAGCGGGCCAATGCCAACAGGGTCGTCATCTGTTACTTCGGCGAGGGGGCA
GCCAGTGAGGGGGACGCCCATGCCGGCTTCAACTTCGCTGCCACACTTGAGTGCCCCATC
ATCTTCTTCTGCCGGAACAATGGCTACGCCATCTCCACGCCCACCTCTGAGCAGTATCGC
GGCGATGGCATTGCAGCACGAGGCCCCGGGTATGGCATCATGTCAATCCGCGTGGATGGT
AATGATGTGTTTGCCGTATACAACGCCACAAAGGAGGCCCGACGGCGGGCTGTGGCAGAG
AACCAGCCCTTTCTCATCGAGGCCATGACCTACAGGATCGGGCACCACAGCACCAGTGAC
GACAGTTCAGCGTACCGCTCGGTGGATGAGGTCAATTACTGGGATAAACAGGACCACCCC
ATCTCCCGGCTGCGGCACTATCTGCTGAGCCAAGGCTGGTGGGATGAGGAGCAGGAGAAG
GCCTGGAGGAAGCAGTCCCGCAGGAAGGTGATGGAGGCCTTTGAGCAGGCCGAGCGGAAG
CCCAAACCCAACCCCAACCTGCTCTTCTCAGACGTGTATCAGGAGATGCCCGCCCAGCTC
CGCAAGCAGCAGGAGTCTCTGGCCCGCCACCTGCAGACCTACGGGGAGCACTACCCACTG
GATCACTTCGATAAGTGA

1. McKean MC, Winkeler KA, Danner DJ: Nucleotide sequence of the 5' end including the initiation codon of cDNA for the E1 alpha subunit of the human branched chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase complex. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1992 Nov 15;1171(1):109-12. [PubMed ]
2. Fisher CW, Chuang JL, Griffin TA, Lau KS, Cox RP, Chuang DT: Molecular phenotypes in cultured maple syrup urine disease cells. Complete E1 alpha cDNA sequence and mRNA and subunit contents of the human branched chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex. J Biol Chem. 1989 Feb 25;264(6):3448-53. [PubMed ]
3. Dariush N, Fisher CW, Cox RP, Chuang DT: Structure of the gene encoding the entire mature E1 alpha subunit of human branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex. FEBS Lett. 1991 Jun 17;284(1):34-8. [PubMed ]
4. Dariush N, Fisher CW, Cox RP, Chuang DT: Structure of the gene encoding the entire mature E1 alpha subunit of human branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex (1991) FEBS Letters 284, 34-38. FEBS Lett. 1991 Oct 21;291(2):376-7. [PubMed ]
5. Zhang B, Crabb DW, Harris RA: Nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence of the E1 alpha subunit of human liver branched-chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase. Gene. 1988 Sep 15;69(1):159-64. [PubMed ]
6. Wynn RM, Kochi H, Cox RP, Chuang DT: Differential processing of human and rat E1 alpha precursors of the branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex caused by an N-terminal proline in the rat sequence. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1994 Sep 28;1201(1):125-8. [PubMed ]
7. AEvarsson A, Chuang JL, Wynn RM, Turley S, Chuang DT, Hol WG: Crystal structure of human branched-chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase and the molecular basis of multienzyme complex deficiency in maple syrup urine disease. Structure. 2000 Mar 15;8(3):277-91. [PubMed ]
8. Chuang JL, Fisher CR, Cox RP, Chuang DT: Molecular basis of maple syrup urine disease: novel mutations at the E1 alpha locus that impair E1(alpha 2 beta 2) assembly or decrease steady-state E1 alpha mRNA levels of branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex. Am J Hum Genet. 1994 Aug;55(2):297-304. [PubMed ]
9. Zhang B, Edenberg HJ, Crabb DW, Harris RA: Evidence for both a regulatory mutation and a structural mutation in a family with maple syrup urine disease. J Clin Invest. 1989 Apr;83(4):1425-9. [PubMed ]
10. Matsuda I, Nobukuni Y, Mitsubuchi H, Indo Y, Endo F, Asaka J, Harada A: A T-to-A substitution in the E1 alpha subunit gene of the branched-chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase complex in two cell lines derived from Menonite maple syrup urine disease patients. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1990 Oct 30;172(2):646-51. [PubMed ]
11. Fisher CR, Fisher CW, Chuang DT, Cox RP: Occurrence of a Tyr393----Asn (Y393N) mutation in the E1 alpha gene of the branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex in maple syrup urine disease patients from a Mennonite population. Am J Hum Genet. 1991 Aug;49(2):429-34. [PubMed ]
12. Fisher CR, Chuang JL, Cox RP, Fisher CW, Star RA, Chuang DT: Maple syrup urine disease in Mennonites. Evidence that the Y393N mutation in E1 alpha impedes assembly of the E1 component of branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex. J Clin Invest. 1991 Sep;88(3):1034-7. [PubMed ]
13. Nobukuni Y, Mitsubuchi H, Hayashida Y, Ohta K, Indo Y, Ichiba Y, Endo F, Matsuda I: Heterogeneity of mutations in maple syrup urine disease (MSUD): screening and identification of affected E1 alpha and E1 beta subunits of the branched-chain alpha-keto-acid dehydrogenase multienzyme complex. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1993 Nov 25;1225(1):64-70. [PubMed ]
14. Chuang JL, Davie JR, Chinsky JM, Wynn RM, Cox RP, Chuang DT: Molecular and biochemical basis of intermediate maple syrup urine disease. Occurrence of homozygous G245R and F364C mutations at the E1 alpha locus of Hispanic-Mexican patients. J Clin Invest. 1995 Mar;95(3):954-63. [PubMed ]

1. BCAT(c
2. ECA39 protein

MKDCSNGCSAECTGEGGSKEVVGTFKAKDLIVTPATILKEKPDPNNLVFGTVFTDHMLTV
EWSSEFGWEKPHIKPLQNLSLHPGSSALHYAVELFEGLKAFRGVDNKIRLFQPNLNMDRM
YRSAVRATLPVFDKEELLECIQQLVKLDQEWVPYSTSASLYIRPTFIGTEPSLGVKKPTK
ALLFVLLSPVGPYFSSGTFNPVSLWANPKYVRAWKGGTGDCKMGGNYGSSLFAQCEAVDN
GCQQVLWLYGEDHQITEVGTMNLFLYWINEDGEEELATPPLDGIILPGVTRRCILDLAHQ
WGEFKVSERYLTMDDLSTALEGNRVREMFGSGTACVVCPVSDILYKGETIHIPTMENGPK
LASRILSKLTDIQYGREESDWTIVLS

• Pantothenate and CoA Biosynthesis (map00770 )
• Valine, Leucine and Isoleucine Degradation (map00280 )

• L-leucine + 2-oxoglutarate = 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + L-glutamate

• Aminotran_4 (PF01063 )

• None

• None

ATGGATTGCAGTAACGGATCGGCAGAGTGTACCGGAGAAGGAGGATCAAAAGAGGTGGTG
GGGACTTTTAAGGCTAAAGACCTAATAGTCACACCAGCTACCATTTTAAAGGAAAAACCA
GACCCCAATAATCTGGTTTTTGGAACTGTGTTCACGGATCATATGCTGACGGTGGAGTGG
TCCTCAGAGTTTGGATGGGAGAAACCTCATATCAAGCCTCTTCAGAACCTGTCATTGCAC
CCTGGCTCATCAGCTTTGCACTATGCAGTGGAATTATTTGAAGGATTGAAGGCATTTCGA
GGAGTAGATAATAAAATTCGACTGTTTCAGCCAAACCTCAACATGGATAGAATGTATCGC
TCTGCTGTGAGGGCAACTCTGCCGGTATTTGACAAAGAAGAGCTCTTAGAGTGTATTCAA
CAGCTTGTGAAATTGGATCAAGAATGGGTCCCATATTCAACATCTGCTAGTCTGTATATT
CGTCCTGCATTCATTGGAACTGAGCCTTCTCTTGGAGTCAAGAAGCCTACCAAAGCCCTG
CTCTTTGTACTCTTGAGCCCAGTGGGACCTTATTTTTCAAGTGGAACCTTTAATCCAGTG
TCCCTGTGGGCCAATCCCAAGTATGTAAGAGCCTGGAAAGGTGGAACTGGGGACTGCAAG
ATGGGAGGGAATTACGGCTCATCTCTTTTTGCCCAATGTGAAGACGTAGATAATGGGTGT
CAGCAGGTCCTGTGGCTCTATGGCAGAGACCATCAGATCACTGAAGTGGGAACTATGAAT
CTTTTTCTTTACTGGATAAATGAAGATGGAGAAGAAGAACTGGCAACTCCTCCACTAGAT
GGCATCATTCTTCCAGGAGTGACAAGGCGGTGCATTCTGGACCTGGCACATCAGTGGGGT
GAATTTAAGGTGTCAGAGAGATACCTCACCATGGATGACTTGACAACAGCCCTGGAGGGG
AACAGAGTGAGAGAGATGTTTAGCTCTGGTACAGCCTGTGTTGTTTGCCCAGTTTCTGAT
ATACTGTACAAAGGCGAGACAATACACATTCCAACTATGGAGAATGGTCCTAAGCTGGCA
AGCCGCATCTTGAGCAAATTAACTGATATCCAGTATGGAAGAGAAGAGAGCGACTGGACA
ATTGTGCTATCCTGA

1. Schuldiner O, Eden A, Ben-Yosef T, Yanuka O, Simchen G, Benvenisty N: ECA39, a conserved gene regulated by c-Myc in mice, is involved in G1/S cell cycle regulation in yeast. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 Jul 9;93(14):7143-8. [PubMed ]

MAAAALGQIWARKLLSVPWLLCGPRRYASSSFKAADLQLEMTQKPHKKPGPGEPLVFGKT
FTDHMLMVEWNDKGWGQPRIQPFQNLTLHPASSSLHYSLQLFEGMKAFKGKDQQVRLFRP
WLNMDRMLRSAMRLCLPSFDKLELLECIRRLIEVDKDWVPDAAGTSLYVRPVLIGNEPSL
GVSQPTRALLFVILCPVGAYFPGGSVTPVSLLADPAFIRAWVGGVGNYKLGGNYGPTVLV
QQEALKRGCEQVLWLYGPDHQLTEVGTMNIFVYWTHEDGVLELVTPPLNGVILPGVVRQS
LLDMAQTWGEFRVVERTITMKQLLRALEEGRVREVFGSGTACQVCPVHRILYKDRNLHIP
TMENGPELILRFQKELKEIQYGIRAHEWMFPV

• Aminotran_4 (PF01063 )

• None

• None