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Record Information
Version5.0
StatusDetected and Quantified
Creation Date2006-05-22 15:12:05 UTC
Update Date2023-02-21 17:16:28 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0002712
Secondary Accession Numbers
Metabolite Identification
Common Name1,5-Anhydrosorbitol
Description1, 5-Anhydrosorbitol or 1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG) is a validated marker of short-term glycemic control. This substance is derived mainly from food, is well absorbed in the intestine, and is distributed to all organs and tissues. It is metabolically stable, being excreted in the urine when its level exceeds the renal threshold. It is reabsorbed in the renal tubules and is competitively inhibited by glucosuria, which leads to a reduction in its level in serum. The correlation between this reduction and the amount of glucose present in urine is so close that 1,5 AG can be used as a sensitive, day-to-day, real-time marker of glycemic control. It provides useful information on current glycemic control and is superior to both hemoglobin A1C and fructosamine in detecting near-normoglycemia. 1,5-AG in human plasma has been proposed for several years as a short-term, retrospective marker of glycemic control and seems to be the most suitable parameter for monitoring glucose excursions. The decrease in serum 1,5-AG is very sensitive to urinary glucose excretion. It is a metabolically inert polyol that competes with glucose for reabsorption in the kidneys. Otherwise stable levels of 1,5-AG are rapidly depleted as blood glucose levels exceed the renal threshold for glucosuria. 1,5-AG is also more tightly associated with glucose fluctuations and postprandial glucose (PMID:18088226 , 12166605 , 7783360 , 8940824 ).
Structure
Thumb
Synonyms
ValueSource
1,5-Anhydro-D-sorbitolChEBI
1,5-AnhydroglucitolChEBI
1,5-AGHMDB
1,5-anhydro-D-GlucitolHMDB
1-DeoxyglucoseMeSH, HMDB
1,5-ANHYDROSORBITOLChEBI
AceritolMeSH, HMDB
PolygalitolMeSH, HMDB
1-Deoxy-D-glucoseMeSH, HMDB
1,5-SorbitanMeSH, HMDB
1-Deoxy-D-glucopyranoseMeSH, HMDB
Chemical FormulaC6H12O5
Average Molecular Weight164.1565
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight164.068473494
IUPAC Name(2R,3S,4R,5S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol
Traditional Name1,5-anhydroglucitol
CAS Registry Number154-58-5
SMILES
OC[C@H]1OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C6H12O5/c7-1-4-6(10)5(9)3(8)2-11-4/h3-10H,1-2H2/t3-,4+,5+,6+/m0/s1
InChI KeyMPCAJMNYNOGXPB-SLPGGIOYSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as monosaccharides. Monosaccharides are compounds containing one carbohydrate unit not glycosidically linked to another such unit, and no set of two or more glycosidically linked carbohydrate units. Monosaccharides have the general formula CnH2nOn.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganic oxygen compounds
ClassOrganooxygen compounds
Sub ClassCarbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates
Direct ParentMonosaccharides
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Oxane
  • Monosaccharide
  • Secondary alcohol
  • Oxacycle
  • Organoheterocyclic compound
  • Polyol
  • Ether
  • Dialkyl ether
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Primary alcohol
  • Alcohol
  • Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic heteromonocyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
Physiological effect
Disposition
ProcessNot Available
Role
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting Point142 - 143 °CNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water SolubilityNot AvailableNot Available
LogPNot AvailableNot Available
Experimental Chromatographic PropertiesNot Available
Predicted Molecular Properties
Predicted Chromatographic Properties
Spectra
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Cytoplasm (predicted from logP)
Biospecimen Locations
  • Blood
  • Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
  • Saliva
  • Sweat
  • Urine
Tissue Locations
  • Placenta
  • Prostate
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
Abnormal Concentrations
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease References
Diabetes mellitus type 2
  1. Dungan KM, Buse JB, Largay J, Kelly MM, Button EA, Kato S, Wittlin S: 1,5-anhydroglucitol and postprandial hyperglycemia as measured by continuous glucose monitoring system in moderately controlled patients with diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2006 Jun;29(6):1214-9. [PubMed:16731998 ]
  2. Stickle D, Turk J: A kinetic mass balance model for 1,5-anhydroglucitol: applications to monitoring of glycemic control. Am J Physiol. 1997 Oct;273(4 Pt 1):E821-30. [PubMed:9357814 ]
  3. Nguyen TM, Rodriguez LM, Mason KJ, Heptulla RA: Serum 1,5-anhydroglucitol (Glycomark) levels in children with and without type 1 diabetes mellitus. Pediatr Diabetes. 2007 Aug;8(4):214-9. [PubMed:17659063 ]
Pancreatic cancer
  1. Xie G, Lu L, Qiu Y, Ni Q, Zhang W, Gao YT, Risch HA, Yu H, Jia W: Plasma metabolite biomarkers for the detection of pancreatic cancer. J Proteome Res. 2015 Feb 6;14(2):1195-202. doi: 10.1021/pr501135f. Epub 2014 Dec 8. [PubMed:25429707 ]
Alzheimer's disease
  1. Shetty HU, Holloway HW, Schapiro MB: Cerebrospinal fluid and plasma distribution of myo-inositol and other polyols in Alzheimer disease. Clin Chem. 1996 Feb;42(2):298-302. [PubMed:8595727 ]
Attachment loss
  1. Liebsch C, Pitchika V, Pink C, Samietz S, Kastenmuller G, Artati A, Suhre K, Adamski J, Nauck M, Volzke H, Friedrich N, Kocher T, Holtfreter B, Pietzner M: The Saliva Metabolome in Association to Oral Health Status. J Dent Res. 2019 Jun;98(6):642-651. doi: 10.1177/0022034519842853. Epub 2019 Apr 26. [PubMed:31026179 ]
Missing teeth
  1. Liebsch C, Pitchika V, Pink C, Samietz S, Kastenmuller G, Artati A, Suhre K, Adamski J, Nauck M, Volzke H, Friedrich N, Kocher T, Holtfreter B, Pietzner M: The Saliva Metabolome in Association to Oral Health Status. J Dent Res. 2019 Jun;98(6):642-651. doi: 10.1177/0022034519842853. Epub 2019 Apr 26. [PubMed:31026179 ]
Periodontal Probing Depth
  1. Liebsch C, Pitchika V, Pink C, Samietz S, Kastenmuller G, Artati A, Suhre K, Adamski J, Nauck M, Volzke H, Friedrich N, Kocher T, Holtfreter B, Pietzner M: The Saliva Metabolome in Association to Oral Health Status. J Dent Res. 2019 Jun;98(6):642-651. doi: 10.1177/0022034519842853. Epub 2019 Apr 26. [PubMed:31026179 ]
Associated OMIM IDs
DrugBank IDNot Available
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDFDB023050
KNApSAcK IDC00052531
Chemspider ID58485
KEGG Compound IDC07326
BioCyc IDNot Available
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia Link1,5-Anhydroglucitol
METLIN ID3775
PubChem Compound64960
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID16070
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDNot Available
MarkerDB IDMDB00000397
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
General References

Enzymes

General function:
Not Available
Specific function:
Catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of 1,5-anhydro-D-fructose (AF) to 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol. Can also catalyze the reduction of various aldehydes and quinones (By similarity). Has low NADPH-dependent reductase activity towards 9,10-phenanthrenequinone (in vitro).
Gene Name:
AKR1E2
Uniprot ID:
Q96JD6
Molecular weight:
36588.935
Reactions
1,5-Anhydrosorbitol + NADP → D-1,5-Anhydrofructose + NADPHdetails