Record Information |
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Version | 5.0 |
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Status | Detected but not Quantified |
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Creation Date | 2006-05-22 15:12:20 UTC |
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Update Date | 2023-02-21 17:16:30 UTC |
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HMDB ID | HMDB0002939 |
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Secondary Accession Numbers | |
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Metabolite Identification |
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Common Name | Methyl isobutyl ketone |
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Description | Methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) is an organic solvent. MIBK is among the top ten most popular organic solvents used in industry. MIBK is occasionally found as a volatile component of urine. MIBK in urine is considered as a biological marker of occupational exposure to this solvent. Olfactory perception is significant but adaptation may occur. The typical toxicity effects of MIBK in humans exposed at 50 to 100 ppm are mucous membrane irritation and weak effects on the central nervous system (CNS) such as headache. Visual dysfunction has been reported in workers exposed to a mixture of organic solvents containing MIBK. Memory impairment was detected in clinical observation on a 44-year-old man who had been exposed to MIBK at 100 ppm for more than 10 years. Regarding to the route of absorption, skin penetration of MIBK is substantial. (PMID: 12592578 , 17485256 , 16464817 , 5556886 ). |
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Structure | InChI=1S/C6H12O/c1-5(2)4-6(3)7/h5H,4H2,1-3H3 |
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Synonyms | Value | Source |
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Isobutyl methyl ketone | MeSH | Isopropylacetone | MeSH | 2-Methyl-4-pentanone | HMDB | 2-Methylpropyl methyl ketone | HMDB | 4-Methyl-2-oxopentane | HMDB | 4-Methyl-2-pentanon | HMDB | 4-Methyl-2-pentanone | HMDB, MeSH | 4-Methyl-pentan-2-ON | HMDB | 4-Methylpentan-2-one | HMDB | 4-Metilpentan-2-one | HMDB | Ethyl iso-butyl ketone | HMDB | Hexanone | HMDB | Hexon | HMDB | Hexone | HMDB | Isobutyl-methylketon | HMDB | Isohexanone | HMDB | Isopropyl acetone | HMDB | Methyl I-butyl ketone | HMDB | Methyl-isobutyl-cetone | HMDB | Methylisobutylketon | HMDB | Methylpentan-2-one | HMDB | Metilisobutilchetone | HMDB | Metyloizobutyloketon | HMDB | Shell mibk | HMDB | Methyl isobutyl ketone | MeSH |
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Chemical Formula | C6H12O |
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Average Molecular Weight | 100.1589 |
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Monoisotopic Molecular Weight | 100.088815006 |
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IUPAC Name | 4-methylpentan-2-one |
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Traditional Name | methyl isobutyl ketone |
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CAS Registry Number | 108-10-1 |
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SMILES | CC(C)CC(C)=O |
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InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C6H12O/c1-5(2)4-6(3)7/h5H,4H2,1-3H3 |
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InChI Key | NTIZESTWPVYFNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
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Chemical Taxonomy |
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Description | Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as ketones. These are organic compounds in which a carbonyl group is bonded to two carbon atoms R2C=O (neither R may be a hydrogen atom). Ketones that have one or more alpha-hydrogen atoms undergo keto-enol tautomerization, the tautomer being an enol. |
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Kingdom | Organic compounds |
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Super Class | Organic oxygen compounds |
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Class | Organooxygen compounds |
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Sub Class | Carbonyl compounds |
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Direct Parent | Ketones |
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Alternative Parents | |
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Substituents | - Ketone
- Organic oxide
- Hydrocarbon derivative
- Aliphatic acyclic compound
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Molecular Framework | Aliphatic acyclic compounds |
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External Descriptors | |
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Ontology |
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Physiological effect | |
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Disposition | |
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Process | Not Available |
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Role | |
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Physical Properties |
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State | Liquid |
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Experimental Molecular Properties | Property | Value | Reference |
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Melting Point | -84 °C | Not Available | Boiling Point | 116.50 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg | The Good Scents Company Information System | Water Solubility | 19 mg/mL at 25 °C | Not Available | LogP | 1.31 | TANII,H & HASHIMOTO,K (1986) |
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Experimental Chromatographic Properties | Not Available |
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Predicted Molecular Properties | |
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Predicted Chromatographic Properties | Predicted Collision Cross SectionsPredicted Kovats Retention IndicesUnderivatizedDerivatizedDerivative Name / Structure | SMILES | Kovats RI Value | Column Type | Reference |
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Methyl isobutyl ketone,1TMS,isomer #1 | CC(=CC(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C | 951.8 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | Methyl isobutyl ketone,1TMS,isomer #1 | CC(=CC(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C | 909.1 | Standard non polar | 33892256 | Methyl isobutyl ketone,1TMS,isomer #1 | CC(=CC(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C | 952.5 | Standard polar | 33892256 | Methyl isobutyl ketone,1TMS,isomer #2 | C=C(CC(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C | 930.2 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | Methyl isobutyl ketone,1TMS,isomer #2 | C=C(CC(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C | 938.4 | Standard non polar | 33892256 | Methyl isobutyl ketone,1TMS,isomer #2 | C=C(CC(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C | 947.9 | Standard polar | 33892256 | Methyl isobutyl ketone,1TBDMS,isomer #1 | CC(=CC(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C | 1160.6 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | Methyl isobutyl ketone,1TBDMS,isomer #1 | CC(=CC(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C | 1134.2 | Standard non polar | 33892256 | Methyl isobutyl ketone,1TBDMS,isomer #1 | CC(=CC(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C | 1152.1 | Standard polar | 33892256 | Methyl isobutyl ketone,1TBDMS,isomer #2 | C=C(CC(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C | 1119.7 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | Methyl isobutyl ketone,1TBDMS,isomer #2 | C=C(CC(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C | 1131.9 | Standard non polar | 33892256 | Methyl isobutyl ketone,1TBDMS,isomer #2 | C=C(CC(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C | 1140.7 | Standard polar | 33892256 |
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Spectra |
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| GC-MS SpectraSpectrum Type | Description | Splash Key | Deposition Date | Source | View |
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Experimental GC-MS | GC-MS Spectrum - Methyl isobutyl ketone EI-B (Non-derivatized) | splash10-0006-9000000000-5c7c989978f9e9e3684e | 2017-09-12 | HMDB team, MONA, MassBank | View Spectrum | Experimental GC-MS | GC-MS Spectrum - Methyl isobutyl ketone EI-B (Non-derivatized) | splash10-0006-9000000000-a74860e5429fbdddd4ec | 2017-09-12 | HMDB team, MONA, MassBank | View Spectrum | Experimental GC-MS | GC-MS Spectrum - Methyl isobutyl ketone EI-B (Non-derivatized) | splash10-052f-9000000000-ef9512a77e6eca91c42f | 2017-09-12 | HMDB team, MONA, MassBank | View Spectrum | Experimental GC-MS | GC-MS Spectrum - Methyl isobutyl ketone EI-B (Non-derivatized) | splash10-052f-9000000000-1df29932d3d714865bf1 | 2017-09-12 | HMDB team, MONA, MassBank | View Spectrum | Experimental GC-MS | GC-MS Spectrum - Methyl isobutyl ketone EI-B (Non-derivatized) | splash10-0006-9000000000-5c7c989978f9e9e3684e | 2018-05-18 | HMDB team, MONA, MassBank | View Spectrum | Experimental GC-MS | GC-MS Spectrum - Methyl isobutyl ketone EI-B (Non-derivatized) | splash10-0006-9000000000-a74860e5429fbdddd4ec | 2018-05-18 | HMDB team, MONA, MassBank | View Spectrum | Experimental GC-MS | GC-MS Spectrum - Methyl isobutyl ketone EI-B (Non-derivatized) | splash10-052f-9000000000-ef9512a77e6eca91c42f | 2018-05-18 | HMDB team, MONA, MassBank | View Spectrum | Experimental GC-MS | GC-MS Spectrum - Methyl isobutyl ketone EI-B (Non-derivatized) | splash10-052f-9000000000-1df29932d3d714865bf1 | 2018-05-18 | HMDB team, MONA, MassBank | View Spectrum | Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - Methyl isobutyl ketone GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive | splash10-0006-9000000000-79a91c01e3561d0aa8be | 2017-09-01 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - Methyl isobutyl ketone GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | 2021-10-12 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum |
MS/MS SpectraSpectrum Type | Description | Splash Key | Deposition Date | Source | View |
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Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Methyl isobutyl ketone Quattro_QQQ 10V, N/A-QTOF (Annotated) | splash10-014i-9200000000-0f15e3b44a8f18e6e836 | 2012-07-25 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Methyl isobutyl ketone Quattro_QQQ 25V, N/A-QTOF (Annotated) | splash10-014i-9200000000-fc3200b61e2367a1d019 | 2012-07-25 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Methyl isobutyl ketone Quattro_QQQ 40V, N/A-QTOF (Annotated) | splash10-014i-9300000000-339c8752bafa71ce0bb5 | 2012-07-25 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Methyl isobutyl ketone EI-B (HITACHI RMU-6M) , Positive-QTOF | splash10-0006-9000000000-649fb0cb4535c5185e04 | 2012-08-31 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Methyl isobutyl ketone EI-B (HITACHI RMU-7M) , Positive-QTOF | splash10-0006-9000000000-3faae6eee04013af7ff4 | 2012-08-31 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Methyl isobutyl ketone EI-B (JEOL JMS-D-3000) , Positive-QTOF | splash10-052f-9000000000-33bf21fe746da25ecf7e | 2012-08-31 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Methyl isobutyl ketone EI-B (HITACHI M-80B) , Positive-QTOF | splash10-052f-9000000000-1df29932d3d714865bf1 | 2012-08-31 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Methyl isobutyl ketone 10V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0ue9-9800000000-f93ec788a44ead85485e | 2015-04-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Methyl isobutyl ketone 20V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0f89-9300000000-cf3e6a2e070abcc2afaa | 2015-04-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Methyl isobutyl ketone 40V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0006-9000000000-451064d75185091dac8c | 2015-04-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Methyl isobutyl ketone 10V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-0002-9000000000-305a268f865f14a7d6ae | 2015-04-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Methyl isobutyl ketone 20V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-0002-9000000000-f046f52b582c91226f66 | 2015-04-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Methyl isobutyl ketone 40V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-053u-9000000000-23dbcbb92100ffd7edde | 2015-04-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Methyl isobutyl ketone 10V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-001l-9000000000-2beca133a18da2e83902 | 2021-09-22 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Methyl isobutyl ketone 20V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0006-9000000000-2800a6d03cb61e2e0673 | 2021-09-22 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Methyl isobutyl ketone 40V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0006-9000000000-5e377a8cdd334c538f34 | 2021-09-22 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Methyl isobutyl ketone 10V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-0002-9000000000-658fe53778817eb82301 | 2021-09-22 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Methyl isobutyl ketone 20V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-0005-9000000000-0c05b94a1b24ac2e8792 | 2021-09-22 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Methyl isobutyl ketone 40V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-0a4l-9000000000-e63440f90956febeca9f | 2021-09-22 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum |
NMR SpectraSpectrum Type | Description | Deposition Date | Source | View |
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Experimental 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, H2O, experimental) | 2012-12-05 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Experimental 2D NMR | [1H, 13C]-HSQC NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, H2O, experimental) | 2012-12-05 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum |
IR SpectraSpectrum Type | Description | Deposition Date | Source | View |
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Predicted IR Spectrum | IR Ion Spectrum (Predicted IRIS Spectrum, Adduct: [M+H]+) | 2023-02-03 | FELIX lab | View Spectrum | Predicted IR Spectrum | IR Ion Spectrum (Predicted IRIS Spectrum, Adduct: [M+Na]+) | 2023-02-03 | FELIX lab | View Spectrum |
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Biological Properties |
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Cellular Locations | Not Available |
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Biospecimen Locations | |
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Tissue Locations | Not Available |
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Pathways | |
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Normal Concentrations |
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Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Children (1-13 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Not Specified | Normal | | details | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | Saliva | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Children (1-13 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | Saliva | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Not Specified | Normal | | details | Urine | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details |
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Abnormal Concentrations |
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Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) non progressor | | details | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) progressor | | details | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Children (1-13 years old) | Both | Autism | | details | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Children (1-13 years old) | Both | Pervasive Developmental Disorder Not Otherwise Specified | | details | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Campylobacter jejuni infection | | details | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Clostridium difficile infection | | details | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Ulcerative Colitis | | details | Saliva | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Children (1-13 years old) | Both | Celiac disease | | details | Urine | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Breast cancer | | details |
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Associated Disorders and Diseases |
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Disease References | Ulcerative colitis |
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- Garner CE, Smith S, de Lacy Costello B, White P, Spencer R, Probert CS, Ratcliffe NM: Volatile organic compounds from feces and their potential for diagnosis of gastrointestinal disease. FASEB J. 2007 Jun;21(8):1675-88. Epub 2007 Feb 21. [PubMed:17314143 ]
| Autism |
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- De Angelis M, Piccolo M, Vannini L, Siragusa S, De Giacomo A, Serrazzanetti DI, Cristofori F, Guerzoni ME, Gobbetti M, Francavilla R: Fecal microbiota and metabolome of children with autism and pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified. PLoS One. 2013 Oct 9;8(10):e76993. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076993. eCollection 2013. [PubMed:24130822 ]
| Pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified |
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- De Angelis M, Piccolo M, Vannini L, Siragusa S, De Giacomo A, Serrazzanetti DI, Cristofori F, Guerzoni ME, Gobbetti M, Francavilla R: Fecal microbiota and metabolome of children with autism and pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified. PLoS One. 2013 Oct 9;8(10):e76993. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076993. eCollection 2013. [PubMed:24130822 ]
| Celiac disease |
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- Francavilla R, Ercolini D, Piccolo M, Vannini L, Siragusa S, De Filippis F, De Pasquale I, Di Cagno R, Di Toma M, Gozzi G, Serrazanetti DI, De Angelis M, Gobbetti M: Salivary microbiota and metabolome associated with celiac disease. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2014 Jun;80(11):3416-25. doi: 10.1128/AEM.00362-14. Epub 2014 Mar 21. [PubMed:24657864 ]
| Perillyl alcohol administration for cancer treatment |
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- Silva CL, Passos M, Camara JS: Solid phase microextraction, mass spectrometry and metabolomic approaches for detection of potential urinary cancer biomarkers--a powerful strategy for breast cancer diagnosis. Talanta. 2012 Jan 30;89:360-8. doi: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.12.041. Epub 2011 Dec 22. [PubMed:22284503 ]
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Associated OMIM IDs | |
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External Links |
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DrugBank ID | Not Available |
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Phenol Explorer Compound ID | Not Available |
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FooDB ID | FDB008174 |
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KNApSAcK ID | C00051562 |
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Chemspider ID | 7621 |
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KEGG Compound ID | C19263 |
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BioCyc ID | Not Available |
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BiGG ID | Not Available |
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Wikipedia Link | Methyl isobutyl ketone |
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METLIN ID | Not Available |
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PubChem Compound | 7909 |
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PDB ID | Not Available |
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ChEBI ID | 142806 |
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Food Biomarker Ontology | Not Available |
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VMH ID | Not Available |
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MarkerDB ID | Not Available |
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Good Scents ID | rw1032841 |
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References |
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Synthesis Reference | Not Available |
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Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) | Download (PDF) |
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General References | - Zlatkis A, Liebich HM: Profile of volatile metabolites in human urine. Clin Chem. 1971 Jul;17(7):592-4. [PubMed:5556886 ]
- Shim HJ, Lee ED, Yoon EJ, Lee SD, Kim WB, Yang J, Lee MG: Simultaneous determination of a new anthracycline, DA-125, and its metabolites M1, M2, M3 and M4 in plasma and urine by high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr B Biomed Appl. 1994 Jun 17;656(2):407-14. [PubMed:7987494 ]
- Kawai T, Zhang ZW, Takeuchi A, Miyama Y, Sakamoto K, Higashikawa K, Ikeda M: Methyl isobutyl ketone and methyl ethyl ketone in urine as biological markers of occupational exposure to these solvents at low levels. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2003 Feb;76(1):17-23. Epub 2002 Sep 18. [PubMed:12592578 ]
- Truchon G, Tardif R, Droz PO, Charest-Tardif G, Pierrehumbert G: Biological exposure indicators: quantification of biological variability using toxicokinetic modeling. J Occup Environ Hyg. 2006 Mar;3(3):137-43. [PubMed:16464817 ]
- Kubota R, Endo Y, Takeuchi A, Inoue Y, Ogata H, Ogawa M, Nakagawa T, Onda N, Endo G: SPE-GC/FTD determination of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and its metabolites in urine. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2007 Jul 1;854(1-2):204-10. Epub 2007 Apr 25. [PubMed:17485256 ]
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