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Record Information
Version5.0
StatusDetected and Quantified
Creation Date2006-05-22 15:12:31 UTC
Update Date2021-09-14 14:59:14 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0003080
Secondary Accession Numbers
Metabolite Identification
Common NameLeukotriene D4
DescriptionLeukotriene D4 (LTD4) is a cysteinyl leukotriene. Cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLTs) are a family of potent inflammatory mediators that appear to contribute to the pathophysiologic features of allergic rhinitis. LTD4 is a pro-inflammatory mediator known to mediate its effects through specific cell-surface receptors belonging to the G-protein-coupled receptor family, namely the high-affinity CysLT1 (cysteinyl leukotriene 1) receptor. LTD4 is present at high levels in many inflammatory conditions, and areas of chronic inflammation have an increased risk for subsequent cancer development. LTD4 is associated with the pathogenesis of several inflammatory disorders, such as asthma and inflammatory bowel disease. Exposure to LTD4 increases survival and proliferation in intestinal epithelial cells. CysLT1 regulator is up-regulated in colon cancer tissue and LTD4 signalling facilitates the survival of cancer cells. LTD4 could reduce apoptosis in non-transformed epithelial cells. LTD4 causes up-regulation of beta-catenin through the CysLT1 receptor, PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase), and GSK-3β (glycogen synthase kinase 3β). LTD4 induces beta-catenin translocation to the nucleus and activation of TCF/LEF family of transcription factors. LTD4 causes accumulation of free beta-catenin in non-transformed intestinal epithelial cells through the CysLT1 receptor, and this accumulation is dependent upon the activation of PI3K as well as GSK-3β inactivation (PMID: 16042577 , 12607939 ). Leukotrienes are eicosanoids. The eicosanoids consist of the prostaglandins (PGs), thromboxanes (TXs), leukotrienes (LTs), and lipoxins (LXs). The PGs and TXs are collectively identified as prostanoids. Prostaglandins were originally shown to be synthesized in the prostate gland, thromboxanes from platelets (thrombocytes), and leukotrienes from leukocytes, hence the derivation of their names. All mammalian cells except erythrocytes synthesize eicosanoids. These molecules are extremely potent and are able to cause profound physiological effects at very dilute concentrations. All eicosanoids function locally at the site of synthesis through receptor-mediated G-protein linked signaling pathways.
Structure
Thumb
Synonyms
ValueSource
(R-(R*,s*-(e,e,Z,Z)))-N-(S-(1-(4-carboxy-1-hydroxybutyl)-2,4,6,9-pentadecatetraenyl)-L-cysteinyl)glycineChEBI
5S-Hydroxy-6R-(S-cysteinylglycinyl)-7E,9E,11E,14Z-eicosatetraenoic acidChEBI
LTD4ChEBI
5S-Hydroxy-6R-(S-cysteinylglycinyl)-7E,9E,11E,14Z-eicosatetraenoateGenerator
Leukotriene DHMDB
Leukotriene D-4HMDB
Leukotrienes DHMDB
Leukotriene D 4HMDB
Chemical FormulaC25H40N2O6S
Average Molecular Weight496.66
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight496.26070819
IUPAC Name(5S,6R,7E,9E,11Z,14Z)-6-{[(2R)-2-amino-2-[(carboxymethyl)carbamoyl]ethyl]sulfanyl}-5-hydroxyicosa-7,9,11,14-tetraenoic acid
Traditional Nameleukotriene D4
CAS Registry Number73836-78-9
SMILES
CCCCC\C=C/C\C=C/C=C/C=C/[C@@H](SC[C@H](N)C(=O)NCC(O)=O)[C@@H](O)CCCC(O)=O
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C25H40N2O6S/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-16-22(21(28)15-14-17-23(29)30)34-19-20(26)25(33)27-18-24(31)32/h6-7,9-13,16,20-22,28H,2-5,8,14-15,17-19,26H2,1H3,(H,27,33)(H,29,30)(H,31,32)/b7-6-,10-9-,12-11+,16-13+/t20-,21-,22+/m0/s1
InChI KeyYEESKJGWJFYOOK-IJHYULJSSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as leukotrienes. These are eicosanoids containing a hydroxyl group attached to the aliphatic chain of an arachidonic acid. Leukotrienes have four double bonds, three (and only three) of which are conjugated.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassLipids and lipid-like molecules
ClassFatty Acyls
Sub ClassEicosanoids
Direct ParentLeukotrienes
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Leukotriene
  • Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid
  • Alpha-dipeptide
  • Alpha peptide
  • Long-chain fatty acid
  • N-acyl-alpha amino acid or derivatives
  • N-acyl-alpha-amino acid
  • Alpha-amino acid amide
  • Cysteine or derivatives
  • Alpha-amino acid or derivatives
  • Hydroxy fatty acid
  • Thia fatty acid
  • Dicarboxylic acid or derivatives
  • Fatty acid
  • Unsaturated fatty acid
  • Secondary alcohol
  • Secondary carboxylic acid amide
  • Amino acid
  • Carboxamide group
  • Amino acid or derivatives
  • Carboxylic acid derivative
  • Carboxylic acid
  • Dialkylthioether
  • Sulfenyl compound
  • Thioether
  • Amine
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Alcohol
  • Organic oxide
  • Carbonyl group
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Primary amine
  • Primary aliphatic amine
  • Organosulfur compound
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Aliphatic acyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic acyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
Physiological effectNot Available
Disposition
Process
Naturally occurring process
RoleNot Available
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting PointNot AvailableNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water SolubilityNot AvailableNot Available
LogPNot AvailableNot Available
Experimental Chromatographic PropertiesNot Available
Predicted Molecular Properties
Predicted Chromatographic Properties
Spectra
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Cytoplasm
  • Membrane (predicted from logP)
  • Endoplasmic reticulum
Biospecimen Locations
  • Blood
  • Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
Tissue Locations
  • Intestine
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodDetected and Quantified0.0258 +/- 0.00161 uMInfant (0-1 year old)Not SpecifiedNormal details
BloodDetected and Quantified0.000042 +/- 0.000004 uMAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal
details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)Detected and Quantified0.00003987 +/- 0.00001591 uMInfant (0-1 year old)Not SpecifiedNormal details
Abnormal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodDetected and Quantified<0.00001 uMInfant (0-1 year old)FemaleLeukotriene C4-Synthesis Deficiency details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)Detected and Quantified<0.00001 uMInfant (0-1 year old)FemaleLeukotriene C4-Synthesis Deficiency details
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease References
Leukotriene C4-Synthesis Deficiency
  1. Mayatepek E, Flock B: Leukotriene C4-synthesis deficiency: a new inborn error of metabolism linked to a fatal developmental syndrome. Lancet. 1998 Nov 7;352(9139):1514-7. [PubMed:9820300 ]
Associated OMIM IDs
  • 614037 (Leukotriene C4-Synthesis Deficiency)
DrugBank IDDB11858
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDFDB023105
KNApSAcK IDNot Available
Chemspider ID4444401
KEGG Compound IDC05951
BioCyc IDNot Available
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkLeukotriene_D4
METLIN IDNot Available
PubChem Compound5280878
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID28666
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDLEUKTRD4
MarkerDB IDNot Available
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceCorey, E. J.; Clark, David A.; Marfat, Anthony; Goto, Giichi. Total synthesis of slow reacting substances (SRS). "Leukotriene C-2" (11-trans-leukotriene C) and leukotriene D. Tetrahedron Letters (1980), 21(33), 3143-6.
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
General References

Enzymes

General function:
Involved in gamma-glutamyltransferase activity
Specific function:
Initiates extracellular glutathione (GSH) breakdown, provides cells with a local cysteine supply and contributes to maintain intracellular GSH level. It is part of the cell antioxidant defense mechanism. Catalyzes the transfer of the glutamyl moiety of glutathione to amino acids and dipeptide acceptors. Alternatively, glutathione can be hydrolyzed to give Cys-Gly and gamma glutamate. Isoform 3 seems to be inactive.
Gene Name:
GGT1
Uniprot ID:
P19440
Molecular weight:
61409.67
Reactions
Leukotriene C4 + Amino acid → Leukotriene D4 + 5-L-Glutamyl amino aciddetails
General function:
Involved in gamma-glutamyltransferase activity
Specific function:
Cleaves glutathione conjugates (By similarity).
Gene Name:
GGT7
Uniprot ID:
Q9UJ14
Molecular weight:
70466.015
Reactions
Leukotriene C4 + Amino acid → Leukotriene D4 + 5-L-Glutamyl amino aciddetails
General function:
Involved in G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway
Specific function:
Receptor for cysteinyl leukotrienes mediating bronchoconstriction of individuals with and without asthma. Stimulation by LTD4 results in the contraction and proliferation of smooth muscle, edema, eosinophil migration and damage to the mucus layer in the lung. This response is mediated via a G-protein that activates a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system. The rank order of affinities for the leukotrienes is LTD4 >> LTE4 = LTC4 >> LTB4
Gene Name:
CYSLTR1
Uniprot ID:
Q9Y271
Molecular weight:
38540.5
General function:
Involved in gamma-glutamyltransferase activity
Specific function:
Cleaves glutathione conjugates (By similarity).
Gene Name:
GGT6
Uniprot ID:
Q6P531
Molecular weight:
50508.83
Reactions
Leukotriene C4 + Amino acid → Leukotriene D4 + 5-L-Glutamyl amino aciddetails
General function:
Involved in gamma-glutamyltransferase activity
Specific function:
Not Available
Gene Name:
GGT7
Uniprot ID:
A0PJJ9
Molecular weight:
62565.3
General function:
Involved in gamma-glutamyltransferase activity
Specific function:
Cleaves the gamma-glutamyl peptide bond of glutathione conjugates, but maybe not glutathione itself. Converts leukotriene C4 (LTC4) to leukotriene D4 (LTD4).
Gene Name:
GGT5
Uniprot ID:
P36269
Molecular weight:
62331.75
Reactions
Leukotriene C4 + Amino acid → Leukotriene D4 + 5-L-Glutamyl amino aciddetails