Record Information |
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Version | 5.0 |
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Status | Detected and Quantified |
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Creation Date | 2006-05-22 15:12:37 UTC |
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Update Date | 2022-03-07 02:49:17 UTC |
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HMDB ID | HMDB0003154 |
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Secondary Accession Numbers | |
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Metabolite Identification |
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Common Name | Canthaxanthin |
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Description | Canthaxanthin, also known as Cantaxanthin, Cantaxanthine, or Canthaxanthine is a keto-carotenoid, a pigment widely distributed in nature. Carotenoids belong to a larger class of phytochemicals known as terpenoids. Canthaxanin is also classified as a xanthophyll. Xanthophylls are yellow pigments and form one of two major divisions of the carotenoid group; the other division is formed by the carotenes. Both are carotenoids. Xanthophylls and carotenes are similar in structure, but xanthophylls contain oxygen atoms while carotenes are purely hydrocarbons, which do not contain oxygen. Their content of oxygen causes xanthophylls to be more polar (in molecular structure) than carotenes and causes their separation from carotenes in many types of chromatography. (Carotenes are usually more orange in color than xanthophylls. Canthaxanthin is naturally found in bacteria, algae and some fungi. Canthaxanthin is associated with E number E161g and is approved for use as a food coloring agent in different countries, including the United States and the EU. Canthaxanthin is used as poultry feed additive to yield red color in skin and yolks. The European Union permits the use of canthaxanthin in feedstuff at a maximum content of 25 mg/kg of final feedstuff while the United States allows the use of this pigment in broiler chicken and salmonid fish feeds. Canthoxanthin was first isolated in edible chanterelle mushroom (Cantharellus cinnabarinus), from which it derived its name. It has also been found in green algae, bacteria, archea (a halophilic archaeon called Haloferax alexandrines), fungi and bioaccumulates in tissues and egg yolk from wild birds and at low levels in crustaceans and fish such as carp, golden grey mullet, and seabream. Canthaxanthin is not found in wild Atlantic Salmon, but is a minor carotenoid in Pacific Salmon. Canthaxanthin is used in farm-raised trout to give a red/orange color to their flesh similar to wild trout. Canthaxanthin has been used as a food additive for egg yolk, in cosmetics and as a pigmenting agent for human skin applications. It has also been used as a feed additive in fish and crustacean farms. Canthaxanthin is a potent lipid-soluble antioxidant (PMID: 2505240 ). Canthaxanthin increases resistance to lipid peroxidation primarily by enhancing membrane alpha-tocopherol levels and secondarily by providing weak direct antioxidant activity. Canthaxanthin biosynthesis in bacteria and algae proceeds from beta-carotene via the action of an enzyme known as a beta-carotene ketolase, that is able to add a carbonyl group to carbon 4 and 4' of the beta carotene molecule. |
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Structure | C\C(\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C1=C(C)C(=O)CCC1(C)C)=C/C=C/C=C(\C)/C=C/C=C(\C)/C=C/C1=C(C)C(=O)CCC1(C)C InChI=1S/C40H52O2/c1-29(17-13-19-31(3)21-23-35-33(5)37(41)25-27-39(35,7)8)15-11-12-16-30(2)18-14-20-32(4)22-24-36-34(6)38(42)26-28-40(36,9)10/h11-24H,25-28H2,1-10H3/b12-11+,17-13+,18-14+,23-21+,24-22+,29-15+,30-16+,31-19+,32-20+ |
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Synonyms | Value | Source |
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4,4'-Dioxo-beta-carotene | ChEBI | all-trans-beta-Carotene-4,4'-dione | ChEBI | Carophyll red | ChEBI | e 161g | ChEBI | FOOD Orange 8 | ChEBI | Orobronze | ChEBI | 4,4'-Dioxo-b-carotene | Generator | 4,4'-Dioxo-β-carotene | Generator | all-trans-b-Carotene-4,4'-dione | Generator | all-trans-Β-carotene-4,4'-dione | Generator | 4,4'-Diketo-b-carotene | HMDB | 4,4'-Diketo-beta-carotene | HMDB | all-trans,beta-Carotene-4,4'-dione | HMDB | beta,beta-Carotene-4,4'-dione | HMDB | Cantaxanthin | HMDB | Cantaxanthine | HMDB | Canthaxanthine | HMDB | L-Orange 7 | HMDB | Roxanthin red 10 | HMDB |
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Chemical Formula | C40H52O2 |
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Average Molecular Weight | 564.854 |
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Monoisotopic Molecular Weight | 564.396730914 |
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IUPAC Name | 2,4,4-trimethyl-3-[(1E,3E,5E,7E,9E,11E,13E,15E,17E)-3,7,12,16-tetramethyl-18-(2,6,6-trimethyl-3-oxocyclohex-1-en-1-yl)octadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaen-1-yl]cyclohex-2-en-1-one |
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Traditional Name | canthaxanthin |
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CAS Registry Number | 514-78-3 |
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SMILES | C\C(\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C1=C(C)C(=O)CCC1(C)C)=C/C=C/C=C(\C)/C=C/C=C(\C)/C=C/C1=C(C)C(=O)CCC1(C)C |
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InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C40H52O2/c1-29(17-13-19-31(3)21-23-35-33(5)37(41)25-27-39(35,7)8)15-11-12-16-30(2)18-14-20-32(4)22-24-36-34(6)38(42)26-28-40(36,9)10/h11-24H,25-28H2,1-10H3/b12-11+,17-13+,18-14+,23-21+,24-22+,29-15+,30-16+,31-19+,32-20+ |
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InChI Key | FDSDTBUPSURDBL-DKLMTRRASA-N |
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Chemical Taxonomy |
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Description | Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as xanthophylls. These are carotenoids containing an oxygenated carotene backbone. Carotenes are characterized by the presence of two end-groups (mostly cyclohexene rings, but also cyclopentene rings or acyclic groups) linked by a long branched alkyl chain. Carotenes belonging form a subgroup of the carotenoids family. Xanthophylls arise by oxygenation of the carotene backbone. |
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Kingdom | Organic compounds |
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Super Class | Lipids and lipid-like molecules |
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Class | Prenol lipids |
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Sub Class | Tetraterpenoids |
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Direct Parent | Xanthophylls |
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Alternative Parents | |
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Substituents | - Xanthophyll
- Cyclohexenone
- Cyclic ketone
- Ketone
- Organic oxygen compound
- Organic oxide
- Hydrocarbon derivative
- Organooxygen compound
- Carbonyl group
- Aliphatic homomonocyclic compound
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Molecular Framework | Aliphatic homomonocyclic compounds |
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External Descriptors | |
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Ontology |
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Physiological effect | Not Available |
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Disposition | |
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Process | Not Available |
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Role | Not Available |
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Physical Properties |
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State | Solid |
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Experimental Molecular Properties | |
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Experimental Chromatographic Properties | Not Available |
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Predicted Molecular Properties | | Show more...
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Predicted Chromatographic Properties | Predicted Collision Cross SectionsPredicted Kovats Retention IndicesUnderivatizedDerivatizedDerivative Name / Structure | SMILES | Kovats RI Value | Column Type | Reference |
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Canthaxanthin,1TMS,isomer #1 | CC1=C(/C=C/C(C)=C/C=C/C(C)=C/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C2=C(C)C(O[Si](C)(C)C)=CCC2(C)C)C(C)(C)CCC1=O | 4783.5 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | Canthaxanthin,1TMS,isomer #1 | CC1=C(/C=C/C(C)=C/C=C/C(C)=C/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C2=C(C)C(O[Si](C)(C)C)=CCC2(C)C)C(C)(C)CCC1=O | 4448.4 | Standard non polar | 33892256 | Canthaxanthin,1TMS,isomer #1 | CC1=C(/C=C/C(C)=C/C=C/C(C)=C/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C2=C(C)C(O[Si](C)(C)C)=CCC2(C)C)C(C)(C)CCC1=O | 4555.3 | Standard polar | 33892256 | Canthaxanthin,2TMS,isomer #1 | CC1=C(/C=C/C(C)=C/C=C/C(C)=C/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C2=C(C)C(O[Si](C)(C)C)=CCC2(C)C)C(C)(C)CC=C1O[Si](C)(C)C | 4646.8 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | Canthaxanthin,2TMS,isomer #1 | CC1=C(/C=C/C(C)=C/C=C/C(C)=C/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C2=C(C)C(O[Si](C)(C)C)=CCC2(C)C)C(C)(C)CC=C1O[Si](C)(C)C | 4280.2 | Standard non polar | 33892256 | Canthaxanthin,2TMS,isomer #1 | CC1=C(/C=C/C(C)=C/C=C/C(C)=C/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C2=C(C)C(O[Si](C)(C)C)=CCC2(C)C)C(C)(C)CC=C1O[Si](C)(C)C | 4526.0 | Standard polar | 33892256 | Canthaxanthin,1TBDMS,isomer #1 | CC1=C(/C=C/C(C)=C/C=C/C(C)=C/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C2=C(C)C(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)=CCC2(C)C)C(C)(C)CCC1=O | 5005.6 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | Canthaxanthin,1TBDMS,isomer #1 | CC1=C(/C=C/C(C)=C/C=C/C(C)=C/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C2=C(C)C(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)=CCC2(C)C)C(C)(C)CCC1=O | 4641.7 | Standard non polar | 33892256 | Canthaxanthin,1TBDMS,isomer #1 | CC1=C(/C=C/C(C)=C/C=C/C(C)=C/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C2=C(C)C(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)=CCC2(C)C)C(C)(C)CCC1=O | 4645.6 | Standard polar | 33892256 | Canthaxanthin,2TBDMS,isomer #1 | CC1=C(/C=C/C(C)=C/C=C/C(C)=C/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C2=C(C)C(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)=CCC2(C)C)C(C)(C)CC=C1O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C | 5082.5 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | Canthaxanthin,2TBDMS,isomer #1 | CC1=C(/C=C/C(C)=C/C=C/C(C)=C/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C2=C(C)C(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)=CCC2(C)C)C(C)(C)CC=C1O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C | 4641.4 | Standard non polar | 33892256 | Canthaxanthin,2TBDMS,isomer #1 | CC1=C(/C=C/C(C)=C/C=C/C(C)=C/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C2=C(C)C(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)=CCC2(C)C)C(C)(C)CC=C1O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C | 4668.9 | Standard polar | 33892256 |
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Spectra |
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| GC-MS SpectraSpectrum Type | Description | Splash Key | Deposition Date | Source | View |
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Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - Canthaxanthin GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive | splash10-0002-1213290000-9719da4262f629366440 | 2017-09-01 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum |
MS/MS SpectraSpectrum Type | Description | Splash Key | Deposition Date | Source | View |
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Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Canthaxanthin FAB-EBEB (JMS-HX/HX 110A, JEOL) , Positive-QTOF | splash10-016u-2920000000-bf9cf6df0a7dd95006af | 2012-08-31 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Canthaxanthin EI-EBEB (JMS-HX/HX 110A, JEOL) , Positive-QTOF | splash10-03xr-1951160000-000e09c523a6561e2707 | 2012-08-31 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Canthaxanthin Linear Ion Trap , positive-QTOF | splash10-0ika-0296420000-b19acaaf1afb00cf9fc1 | 2017-09-14 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Canthaxanthin Linear Ion Trap , positive-QTOF | splash10-0002-0001910000-a35bcbebdd90994a2f3d | 2017-09-14 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Canthaxanthin Linear Ion Trap , positive-QTOF | splash10-01pc-0025970000-423e791499171562736f | 2017-09-14 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Canthaxanthin 40V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-001i-0920000000-639f9f3228c4c2396f90 | 2021-09-20 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Canthaxanthin 20V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0ue9-0892000000-742de39d976dca6ca15d | 2021-09-20 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Canthaxanthin 10V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0gb9-0492060000-fef850b3839e24097342 | 2021-09-20 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Canthaxanthin 10V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-014i-0322390000-eee87729039394ef2242 | 2017-06-28 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Canthaxanthin 20V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-03dj-0596730000-20a001319fad4fff32bf | 2017-06-28 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Canthaxanthin 40V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0hft-1598720000-1c73c717692c05971680 | 2017-06-28 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Canthaxanthin 10V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-03di-0000090000-3323cd427776bc321533 | 2017-06-28 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Canthaxanthin 20V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-03di-0000090000-3a19aa461bcf5ed2f3a5 | 2017-06-28 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Canthaxanthin 40V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-0002-1454390000-1441e3b85e17841ccd5b | 2017-06-28 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Canthaxanthin 10V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-07bs-0372890000-a2aa999a4582f599bbd7 | 2021-09-21 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Canthaxanthin 20V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-000b-0465940000-6e2f92273172d86d6e7d | 2021-09-21 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Canthaxanthin 40V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0fvs-0124900000-ddb1b9f3fe5c49bcb826 | 2021-09-21 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Canthaxanthin 10V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-03di-0001090000-3588cb304de167acfcd7 | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Canthaxanthin 20V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-08fr-0215290000-5a34259c64d9108eece6 | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Canthaxanthin 40V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-0002-0229020000-8b0c64a50d1fea3655ef | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum |
NMR SpectraSpectrum Type | Description | Deposition Date | Source | View |
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Experimental 2D NMR | [1H, 13C]-HSQC NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, CDCl3, experimental) | 2012-12-05 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum |
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Biological Properties |
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Cellular Locations | - Extracellular
- Membrane (predicted from logP)
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Biospecimen Locations | |
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Tissue Locations | |
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Pathways | |
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Normal Concentrations |
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Blood | Detected and Quantified | 0.07 +/- 0.06 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 0.00900 +/- 0.0150 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Female | Normal | | details | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 0.0100 +/- 0.0130 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Male | Normal | | details |
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Abnormal Concentrations |
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| Not Available |
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Associated Disorders and Diseases |
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Disease References | None |
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Associated OMIM IDs | None |
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External Links |
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DrugBank ID | Not Available |
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Phenol Explorer Compound ID | Not Available |
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FooDB ID | FDB015890 |
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KNApSAcK ID | C00000922 |
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Chemspider ID | 4444639 |
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KEGG Compound ID | C08583 |
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BioCyc ID | Not Available |
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BiGG ID | Not Available |
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Wikipedia Link | Canthaxanthin |
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METLIN ID | 3597 |
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PubChem Compound | 5281227 |
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PDB ID | Not Available |
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ChEBI ID | 3362 |
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Food Biomarker Ontology | Not Available |
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VMH ID | Not Available |
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MarkerDB ID | Not Available |
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Good Scents ID | rw1365301 |
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References |
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Synthesis Reference | Not Available |
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Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) | Not Available |
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General References | - Paetau I, Chen H, Goh NM, White WS: Interactions in the postprandial appearance of beta-carotene and canthaxanthin in plasma triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins in humans. Am J Clin Nutr. 1997 Nov;66(5):1133-43. [PubMed:9356530 ]
- Meyer JC, Grundmann HP, Seeger B, Schnyder UW: Plasma concentrations of beta-carotene and canthaxanthin during and after stopping intake of a combined preparation. Dermatologica. 1985;171(2):76-81. [PubMed:3930305 ]
- Rollman O, Vahlquist A: Psoriasis and vitamin A. Plasma transport and skin content of retinol, dehydroretinol and carotenoids in adult patients versus healthy controls. Arch Dermatol Res. 1985;278(1):17-24. [PubMed:4096526 ]
- Bluhm R, Branch R, Johnston P, Stein R: Aplastic anemia associated with canthaxanthin ingested for 'tanning' purposes. JAMA. 1990 Sep 5;264(9):1141-2. [PubMed:2117075 ]
- Mayne ST, Parker RS: Antioxidant activity of dietary canthaxanthin. Nutr Cancer. 1989;12(3):225-36. doi: 10.1080/01635588909514022. [PubMed:2505240 ]
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