Record Information |
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Version | 5.0 |
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Status | Detected and Quantified |
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Creation Date | 2006-05-22 15:12:43 UTC |
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Update Date | 2022-03-07 02:49:18 UTC |
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HMDB ID | HMDB0003233 |
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Secondary Accession Numbers | |
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Metabolite Identification |
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Common Name | Lutein |
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Description | Lutein is a common carotenoid xanthophyll found in nature. Carotenoids are among the most common pigments in nature and are natural lipid-soluble antioxidants. Lutein is one of the two carotenoids (the other is zeaxanthin) that accumulate in the eye lens and macular region of the retina with concentrations in the macula greater than those found in plasma and other tissues. Lutein and zeaxanthin have identical chemical formulas and are isomers, but they are not stereoisomers. The main difference between them is in the location of a double bond in one of the end rings. This difference gives lutein three chiral centers whereas zeaxanthin has two. A relationship between macular pigment optical density, a marker of lutein and zeaxanthin concentration in the macula, and lens optical density, an antecedent of cataractous changes, has been suggested. The xanthophylls may act to protect the eye from ultraviolet phototoxicity via quenching reactive oxygen species and/or other mechanisms. Some observational studies have shown that generous intakes of lutein and zeaxanthin, particularly from certain xanthophyll-rich foods like spinach, broccoli, and eggs, are associated with a significant reduction in the risk for cataracts (up to 20%) and age-related macular degeneration (up to 40%). While the pathophysiology of cataract and age-related macular degeneration is complex and contains both environmental and genetic components, research studies suggest dietary factors including antioxidant vitamins and xanthophylls may contribute to a reduction in the risk of these degenerative eye diseases. Further research is necessary to confirm these observations (PMID: 11023002 ). |
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Structure | C\C(\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\[C@H]1C(C)=C[C@H](O)CC1(C)C)=C/C=C/C=C(\C)/C=C/C=C(\C)/C=C/C1=C(C)C[C@@H](O)CC1(C)C InChI=1S/C40H56O2/c1-29(17-13-19-31(3)21-23-37-33(5)25-35(41)27-39(37,7)8)15-11-12-16-30(2)18-14-20-32(4)22-24-38-34(6)26-36(42)28-40(38,9)10/h11-25,35-37,41-42H,26-28H2,1-10H3/b12-11+,17-13+,18-14+,23-21+,24-22+,29-15+,30-16+,31-19+,32-20+/t35-,36+,37-/m0/s1 |
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Synonyms | Value | Source |
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(3R,3'r,6S)-4,5-DIDEHYDRO-5,6-dihydro-BETA,BETA-carotene-3,3'-diol | ChEBI | Bo-xan | ChEBI | e 161b | ChEBI | Xanthophyll | ChEBI | (3R,3'r,6S)-4,5-DIDEHYDRO-5,6-dihydro-b,b-carotene-3,3'-diol | Generator | (3R,3'r,6S)-4,5-DIDEHYDRO-5,6-dihydro-β,β-carotene-3,3'-diol | Generator | Lutein F | MeSH | Lutein g | MeSH | Lutein, gamma | MeSH | gamma Lutein | MeSH | (3R,3'R,6'R)-Lutein | HMDB | (3R,3'R,6'R)-beta,epsilon-Carotene-3,3'-diol | HMDB | (3R,3'R,6'R)-β,ε-Carotene-3,3'-diol | HMDB | (3R,3’R,6’R)-Lutein | HMDB | (3R,3’R,6’R)-β,ε-Carotene-3,3’-diol | HMDB | (all-E)-Lutein | HMDB | 6'-Hydro-4',5'-dehydro-beta-carotene-3,3'-diol | HMDB | 6'-Hydro-4',5'-dehydro-β-carotene-3,3'-diol | HMDB | 6’-Hydro-4’,5’-dehydro-β-carotene-3,3’-diol | HMDB | Lutein | HMDB | Luteine | HMDB | all-trans-(+)-Xanthophyll | HMDB | all-trans-Lutein | HMDB | all-trans-Xanthophyll | HMDB | trans-Lutein | HMDB |
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Chemical Formula | C40H56O2 |
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Average Molecular Weight | 568.886 |
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Monoisotopic Molecular Weight | 568.428031043 |
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IUPAC Name | (1R,4R)-4-[(1E,3E,5E,7E,9E,11E,13E,15E,17E)-18-[(4R)-4-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl]-3,7,12,16-tetramethyloctadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaen-1-yl]-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-ol |
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Traditional Name | carotenoid |
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CAS Registry Number | 127-40-2 |
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SMILES | C\C(\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\[C@H]1C(C)=C[C@H](O)CC1(C)C)=C/C=C/C=C(\C)/C=C/C=C(\C)/C=C/C1=C(C)C[C@@H](O)CC1(C)C |
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InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C40H56O2/c1-29(17-13-19-31(3)21-23-37-33(5)25-35(41)27-39(37,7)8)15-11-12-16-30(2)18-14-20-32(4)22-24-38-34(6)26-36(42)28-40(38,9)10/h11-25,35-37,41-42H,26-28H2,1-10H3/b12-11+,17-13+,18-14+,23-21+,24-22+,29-15+,30-16+,31-19+,32-20+/t35-,36+,37-/m0/s1 |
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InChI Key | KBPHJBAIARWVSC-RGZFRNHPSA-N |
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Chemical Taxonomy |
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Description | Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as xanthophylls. These are carotenoids containing an oxygenated carotene backbone. Carotenes are characterized by the presence of two end-groups (mostly cyclohexene rings, but also cyclopentene rings or acyclic groups) linked by a long branched alkyl chain. Carotenes belonging form a subgroup of the carotenoids family. Xanthophylls arise by oxygenation of the carotene backbone. |
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Kingdom | Organic compounds |
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Super Class | Lipids and lipid-like molecules |
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Class | Prenol lipids |
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Sub Class | Tetraterpenoids |
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Direct Parent | Xanthophylls |
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Alternative Parents | |
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Substituents | - Xanthophyll
- Secondary alcohol
- Organic oxygen compound
- Hydrocarbon derivative
- Organooxygen compound
- Alcohol
- Aliphatic homomonocyclic compound
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Molecular Framework | Aliphatic homomonocyclic compounds |
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External Descriptors | |
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Ontology |
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Not Available | Not Available |
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Physical Properties |
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State | Solid |
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Experimental Molecular Properties | |
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Experimental Chromatographic Properties | Not Available |
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Predicted Molecular Properties | |
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Predicted Chromatographic Properties | Predicted Collision Cross SectionsPredicted Kovats Retention IndicesUnderivatizedDerivatizedDerivative Name / Structure | SMILES | Kovats RI Value | Column Type | Reference |
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Lutein,1TMS,isomer #1 | CC1=C[C@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)CC(C)(C)[C@H]1/C=C/C(C)=C/C=C/C(C)=C/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C1=C(C)C[C@@H](O)CC1(C)C | 4765.9 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | Lutein,1TMS,isomer #2 | CC1=C[C@H](O)CC(C)(C)[C@H]1/C=C/C(C)=C/C=C/C(C)=C/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C1=C(C)C[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)CC1(C)C | 4758.6 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | Lutein,2TMS,isomer #1 | CC1=C[C@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)CC(C)(C)[C@H]1/C=C/C(C)=C/C=C/C(C)=C/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C1=C(C)C[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)CC1(C)C | 4721.6 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | Lutein,1TBDMS,isomer #1 | CC1=C[C@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)CC(C)(C)[C@H]1/C=C/C(C)=C/C=C/C(C)=C/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C1=C(C)C[C@@H](O)CC1(C)C | 4963.0 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | Lutein,1TBDMS,isomer #2 | CC1=C[C@H](O)CC(C)(C)[C@H]1/C=C/C(C)=C/C=C/C(C)=C/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C1=C(C)C[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)CC1(C)C | 4955.0 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | Lutein,2TBDMS,isomer #1 | CC1=C[C@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)CC(C)(C)[C@H]1/C=C/C(C)=C/C=C/C(C)=C/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C1=C(C)C[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)CC1(C)C | 5160.4 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 |
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| GC-MS SpectraSpectrum Type | Description | Splash Key | Deposition Date | Source | View |
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Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - Lutein GC-MS ("Lutein,1TMS,#1" TMS) - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | 2021-10-14 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - Lutein GC-MS (TMS_1_1) - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | 2021-10-15 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - Lutein GC-MS (TMS_1_2) - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | 2021-10-15 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - Lutein GC-MS (TMS_2_1) - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | 2021-10-15 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - Lutein GC-MS (TBDMS_1_1) - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | 2021-10-15 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - Lutein GC-MS (TBDMS_1_2) - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | 2021-10-15 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - Lutein GC-MS (TBDMS_2_1) - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | 2021-10-15 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum |
MS/MS SpectraSpectrum Type | Description | Splash Key | Deposition Date | Source | View |
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Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Lutein 20V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-00kr-0942120000-1ea7d21108843411033c | 2021-09-20 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Lutein 20V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0170-0942220000-6f1a6499f3edad61c0e8 | 2021-09-20 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Lutein 20V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0170-0942220000-35ebb4c0d96329a15eb9 | 2021-09-20 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Lutein 20V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-00n0-0942120000-6f0f9e5c558e5fc6fc39 | 2021-09-20 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Lutein 10V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0gb9-0111190000-56a7b3ad9850d88a093a | 2016-08-03 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Lutein 20V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0frt-0729640000-fa9f79f8a73fa60b8abf | 2016-08-03 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Lutein 40V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0002-2439510000-8c70ee5c9af7440a4672 | 2016-08-03 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Lutein 10V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-014i-0000090000-e64043a148b331ba05a6 | 2016-08-03 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Lutein 20V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-014i-0000090000-a48901fc52e8e64be250 | 2016-08-03 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Lutein 40V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-0udr-0522590000-ed879e2e3d350ac0e502 | 2016-08-03 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Lutein 10V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-014r-0121930000-b93c4284d63c87f0039c | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Lutein 20V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0uel-0113920000-f619218ed5b32e075e70 | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Lutein 40V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0wmi-0059500000-ba48ee62bc6ea7e22dbf | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Lutein 10V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-014i-0202090000-e7ff503087b047287234 | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Lutein 20V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-014i-0405490000-4908259aa27c690d5b58 | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Lutein 40V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-0201-0519300000-3ec7b022b5aedb2ab3d0 | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum |
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General References | - Wenzel AJ, Gerweck C, Barbato D, Nicolosi RJ, Handelman GJ, Curran-Celentano J: A 12-wk egg intervention increases serum zeaxanthin and macular pigment optical density in women. J Nutr. 2006 Oct;136(10):2568-73. [PubMed:16988128 ]
- Rapp LM, Maple SS, Choi JH: Lutein and zeaxanthin concentrations in rod outer segment membranes from perifoveal and peripheral human retina. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2000 Apr;41(5):1200-9. [PubMed:10752961 ]
- Khachik F, Bernstein PS, Garland DL: Identification of lutein and zeaxanthin oxidation products in human and monkey retinas. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1997 Aug;38(9):1802-11. [PubMed:9286269 ]
- Handelman GJ, Nightingale ZD, Lichtenstein AH, Schaefer EJ, Blumberg JB: Lutein and zeaxanthin concentrations in plasma after dietary supplementation with egg yolk. Am J Clin Nutr. 1999 Aug;70(2):247-51. [PubMed:10426702 ]
- Dasch B, Fuhs A, Schmidt J, Behrens T, Meister A, Wellmann J, Fobker M, Pauleikhoff D, Hense HW: Serum levels of macular carotenoids in relation to age-related maculopathy: the Muenster Aging and Retina Study (MARS). Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2005 Oct;243(10):1028-35. Epub 2005 Oct 20. [PubMed:15909159 ]
- Hammond BR Jr, Wooten BR, Snodderly DM: Density of the human crystalline lens is related to the macular pigment carotenoids, lutein and zeaxanthin. Optom Vis Sci. 1997 Jul;74(7):499-504. [PubMed:9293517 ]
- Johnson EJ, Hammond BR, Yeum KJ, Qin J, Wang XD, Castaneda C, Snodderly DM, Russell RM: Relation among serum and tissue concentrations of lutein and zeaxanthin and macular pigment density. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000 Jun;71(6):1555-62. [PubMed:10837298 ]
- Mares-Perlman JA, Millen AE, Ficek TL, Hankinson SE: The body of evidence to support a protective role for lutein and zeaxanthin in delaying chronic disease. Overview. J Nutr. 2002 Mar;132(3):518S-524S. [PubMed:11880585 ]
- Reboul E, Abou L, Mikail C, Ghiringhelli O, Andre M, Portugal H, Jourdheuil-Rahmani D, Amiot MJ, Lairon D, Borel P: Lutein transport by Caco-2 TC-7 cells occurs partly by a facilitated process involving the scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI). Biochem J. 2005 Apr 15;387(Pt 2):455-61. [PubMed:15554873 ]
- Park JS, Chew BP, Wong TS: Dietary lutein absorption from marigold extract is rapid in BALB/c mice. J Nutr. 1998 Oct;128(10):1802-6. [PubMed:9772152 ]
- Chitchumroonchokchai C, Schwartz SJ, Failla ML: Assessment of lutein bioavailability from meals and a supplement using simulated digestion and caco-2 human intestinal cells. J Nutr. 2004 Sep;134(9):2280-6. [PubMed:15333717 ]
- Eichler O, Sies H, Stahl W: Divergent optimum levels of lycopene, beta-carotene and lutein protecting against UVB irradiation in human fibroblastst. Photochem Photobiol. 2002 May;75(5):503-6. [PubMed:12017476 ]
- Chen L, Collins XH, Tabatabai LB, White WS: Use of a 13C tracer to investigate lutein as a ligand for plasma transthyretin in humans. Lipids. 2005 Oct;40(10):1013-22. [PubMed:16382573 ]
- Granado F, Olmedilla B, Blanco I: Nutritional and clinical relevance of lutein in human health. Br J Nutr. 2003 Sep;90(3):487-502. [PubMed:14513828 ]
- Bruch-Gerharz D, Stahl W, Gerharz CD, Megahed M, Wingerath T, Sies H, Ruzicka T: Accumulation of the xanthophyll lutein in skin amyloid deposits of systemic amyloidosis (al type). J Invest Dermatol. 2001 Jan;116(1):196-7. [PubMed:11168818 ]
- Goodrow EF, Wilson TA, Houde SC, Vishwanathan R, Scollin PA, Handelman G, Nicolosi RJ: Consumption of one egg per day increases serum lutein and zeaxanthin concentrations in older adults without altering serum lipid and lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations. J Nutr. 2006 Oct;136(10):2519-24. [PubMed:16988120 ]
- Moeller SM, Jacques PF, Blumberg JB: The potential role of dietary xanthophylls in cataract and age-related macular degeneration. J Am Coll Nutr. 2000 Oct;19(5 Suppl):522S-527S. [PubMed:11023002 ]
- Ma L, Lin XM: Effects of lutein and zeaxanthin on aspects of eye health. J Sci Food Agric. 2010 Jan 15;90(1):2-12. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.3785. [PubMed:20355006 ]
- Namitha KK, Negi PS: Chemistry and biotechnology of carotenoids. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2010 Sep;50(8):728-60. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2010.499811. [PubMed:20830634 ]
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