General function:

Involved in electron carrier activity

Specific function:

The enzyme apparently serves as a quinone reductase in connection with conjugation reactions of hydroquinons involved in detoxification pathways as well as in biosynthetic processes such as the vitamin K-dependent gamma-carboxylation of glutamate residues in prothrombin synthesis.

Gene Name:

NQO1

Uniprot ID:

P15559

Molecular weight:

30867.405

Reactions

General function:

Involved in gamma-glutamyl carboxylase activity

Specific function:

Mediates the vitamin K-dependent carboxylation of glutamate residues to calcium-binding gamma-carboxyglutamate (Gla) residues with the concomitant conversion of the reduced hydroquinone form of vitamin K to vitamin K epoxide.

Gene Name:

GGCX

Uniprot ID:

P38435

Molecular weight:

87560.065

References

1. Morris DP, Soute BA, Vermeer C, Stafford DW: Characterization of the purified vitamin K-dependent gamma-glutamyl carboxylase. J Biol Chem. 1993 Apr 25;268(12):8735-42. [PubMed:8473318 ]
2. Tuan RS: Vitamin K-dependent gamma-glutamyl carboxylase activity in the chick embryonic chorioallantoic membrane. J Biol Chem. 1979 Feb 25;254(4):1356-64. [PubMed:105006 ]
3. Reedstrom CK, Suttie JW: Comparative distribution, metabolism, and utilization of phylloquinone and menaquinone-9 in rat liver. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1995 Sep;209(4):403-9. [PubMed:7638250 ]
4. Tasatargil A, Cadir B, Dalaklioglu S, Yurdakonar E, Caglar S, Turkay C: Effects of vitamin K1 supplementation on vascular responsiveness and oxidative stress in a rat femoral osteotomy model. Cell Biochem Funct. 2007 Sep-Oct;25(5):485-90. [PubMed:16929463 ]
5. Olson RE: The function and metabolism of vitamin K. Annu Rev Nutr. 1984;4:281-337. [PubMed:6380538 ]
6. Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [PubMed:11752352 ]

General function:

Involved in regulation of bone mineralization

Specific function:

Constitutes 1-2% of the total bone protein. It binds strongly to apatite and calcium

Gene Name:

BGLAP

Uniprot ID:

P02818

Molecular weight:

10962.4

References

1. Sato Y, Tsuru T, Oizumi K, Kaji M: Vitamin K deficiency and osteopenia in disuse-affected limbs of vitamin D-deficient elderly stroke patients. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 1999 Jul-Aug;78(4):317-22. [PubMed:10418836 ]
2. Schurgers LJ, Dissel PE, Spronk HM, Soute BA, Dhore CR, Cleutjens JP, Vermeer C: Role of vitamin K and vitamin K-dependent proteins in vascular calcification. Z Kardiol. 2001;90 Suppl 3:57-63. [PubMed:11374034 ]
3. Vermeer C, Wolf J, Craciun AM, Knapen MH: Bone markers during a 6-month space flight: effects of vitamin K supplementation. J Gravit Physiol. 1998 Oct;5(2):65-9. [PubMed:11541904 ]
4. Askim M: [Vitamin K in the Norwegian diet and osteoporosis]. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 2001 Sep 20;121(22):2614-6. [PubMed:11668761 ]
5. Kawana K, Takahashi M, Hoshino H, Kushida K: Circulating levels of vitamin K1, menaquinone-4, and menaquinone-7 in healthy elderly Japanese women and patients with vertebral fractures and patients with hip fractures. Endocr Res. 2001 Aug;27(3):337-43. [PubMed:11678581 ]

General function:

Involved in vitamin-K-epoxide reductase (warfarin-sensi

Specific function:

Involved in vitamin K metabolism. Catalytic subunit of the vitamin K epoxide reductase (VKOR) complex which reduces inactive vitamin K 2,3-epoxide to active vitamin K.

Gene Name:

VKORC1

Uniprot ID:

Q9BQB6

Molecular weight:

18234.3

Reactions