Record Information |
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Version | 5.0 |
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Status | Expected but not Quantified |
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Creation Date | 2006-08-13 16:24:27 UTC |
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Update Date | 2023-02-21 17:16:59 UTC |
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HMDB ID | HMDB0004296 |
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Secondary Accession Numbers | |
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Metabolite Identification |
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Common Name | Acrylamide |
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Description | Acrylamide (or acrylic amide) is an organic compound with the chemical formula CH2=CHC(O)NH2. It is a white odorless solid, soluble in water and several organic solvents. It is produced industrially as a precursor to polyacrylamides, which find many uses as water-soluble thickeners and flocculation agents. It is highly toxic, likely to be carcinogenic,and partly for that reason it is mainly handled as an aqueous solution. It is a chemical used in many industries around the world and more recently was found to form naturally in foods cooked at high temperatures. Acrylamide is a neurotoxicant, reproductive toxicant, and carcinogen in animal species. Only the neurotoxic effects have been observed in humans and only at high levels of exposure in occupational settings. The mechanism underlying neurotoxic effects of ACR may be basic to the other toxic effects seen in animals. This mechanism involves interference with the kinesin-related motor proteins in nerve cells or with fusion proteins in the formation of vesicles at the nerve terminus and eventual cell death. Neurotoxicity and resulting behavioral changes can affect reproductive performance of ACR-exposed laboratory animals with resulting decreased reproductive performance. Further, the kinesin motor proteins are important in sperm motility, which could alter reproduction parameters. Effects on kinesin proteins could also explain some of the genotoxic effects on ACR. These proteins form the spindle fibers in the nucleus that function in the separation of chromosomes during cell division. This could explain the clastogenic effects of the chemical noted in a number of tests for genotoxicity and assays for germ cell damage. Other mechanisms underlying ACR-induced carcinogenesis or nerve toxicity are likely related to an affinity for sulfhydryl groups on proteins. Binding of the sulfhydryl groups could inactive proteins/enzymes involved in DNA repair and other critical cell functions. Direct interaction with DNA may or may not be a major mechanism for cancer induction in animals. The DNA adducts that form do not correlate with tumor sites and ACR is mostly negative in gene mutation assays except at high doses that may not be achievable in the diet. All epidemiologic studies fail to show any increased risk of cancer from either high-level occupational exposure or the low levels found in the diet. In fact, two of the epidemiologic studies show a decrease in cancer of the large bowel. A number of risk assessment studies were performed to estimate increased cancer risk. The results of these studies are highly variable depending on the model. There is universal consensus among international food safety groups in all countries that examined the issue of ACR in the diet that not enough information is available at this time to make informed decisions on which to base any regulatory action. Too little is known about levels of this chemical in different foods and the potential risk from dietary exposure. Avoidance of foods containing ACR would result in worse health issues from an unbalanced diet or pathogens from under cooked foods. There is some consensus that low levels of ACR in the diet are not a concern for neurotoxicity or reproductive toxicity in humans, although further research is need to study the long-term, low-level cumulative effects on the nervous system. Any relationship to cancer risk from dietary exposure is hypothetical at this point and awaits more definitive studies. (PMID:17492525 ). |
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Structure | InChI=1S/C3H5NO/c1-2-3(4)5/h2H,1H2,(H2,4,5) |
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Synonyms | Value | Source |
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2-Propenamide | ChEBI | Akrylamid | ChEBI | Ethylenecarboxamide | ChEBI | 2-Propeneamide | HMDB | Acrylagel | HMDB | Acrylic acid amide | HMDB | Acrylic amide | HMDB | Aerofloc 3453 | HMDB | American cyanamid kpam | HMDB | American cyanamid P-250 | HMDB | Amid kyseliny akrylove | HMDB | Amide propenoate | HMDB | Amide propenoic acid | HMDB | Aminogen pa | HMDB | amresco Acryl-40 | HMDB | bio-Gel P 2 | HMDB | BioGel P-100 | HMDB | Cyanamer P 250 | HMDB | Cyanamer P 35 | HMDB | Cytame 5 | HMDB | Dow et 597 | HMDB | Ethylene carboxamide | HMDB | Flokonit e | HMDB | Flygtol GB | HMDB | Gelamide 250 | HMDB | Himoloc SS 200 | HMDB | K-Pam | HMDB | Magnafloc R 292 | HMDB | Nacolyte 673 | HMDB | Optimum | HMDB | Polyacrylamide | HMDB | Polyacrylamide resin | HMDB | Polyacrylamide solution | HMDB | Polyhall 27 | HMDB | Polyhall 402 | HMDB | Polystolon | HMDB | Polystoron | HMDB | Porisutoron | HMDB | Praestol 2800 | HMDB | Prop-2-enamide | HMDB | Propenamide | HMDB | Propeneamide | HMDB | Propenoate | HMDB | Propenoic acid | HMDB | Propenoic acid amide | HMDB | Reten 420 | HMDB | Sanpoly a 520 | HMDB | Solvitose 433 | HMDB | Stipix ad | HMDB | Stokopol D 2624 | HMDB | Sumirez a 17 | HMDB | Sumirez a 27 | HMDB | Sumitex a 1 | HMDB | Superfloc 84 | HMDB | Superfloc 900 | HMDB | Sursolan P 5 | HMDB | Versicol W 11 | HMDB | Vinyl amide | HMDB |
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Chemical Formula | C3H5NO |
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Average Molecular Weight | 71.0779 |
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Monoisotopic Molecular Weight | 71.037113787 |
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IUPAC Name | prop-2-enamide |
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Traditional Name | acrylamide |
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CAS Registry Number | 79-06-1 |
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SMILES | NC(=O)C=C |
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InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C3H5NO/c1-2-3(4)5/h2H,1H2,(H2,4,5) |
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InChI Key | HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
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Chemical Taxonomy |
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Description | Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as carboximidic acids. These are organic acids with the general formula RC(=N)-OH (R=H, organic group). |
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Kingdom | Organic compounds |
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Super Class | Organic acids and derivatives |
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Class | Carboximidic acids and derivatives |
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Sub Class | Carboximidic acids |
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Direct Parent | Carboximidic acids |
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Alternative Parents | |
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Substituents | - Carboximidic acid
- Organic nitrogen compound
- Organic oxygen compound
- Organopnictogen compound
- Hydrocarbon derivative
- Organooxygen compound
- Organonitrogen compound
- Aliphatic acyclic compound
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Molecular Framework | Aliphatic acyclic compounds |
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External Descriptors | |
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Ontology |
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Physiological effect | |
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Disposition | |
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Process | Not Available |
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Role | |
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Physical Properties |
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State | Solid |
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Experimental Molecular Properties | Property | Value | Reference |
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Melting Point | 84.5 °C | Not Available | Boiling Point | 192.60 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg | The Good Scents Company Information System | Water Solubility | 390 mg/mL at 25 °C | Not Available | LogP | -0.67 | HANSCH,C ET AL. (1995) |
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Experimental Chromatographic Properties | Not Available |
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Predicted Molecular Properties | |
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Predicted Chromatographic Properties | Predicted Collision Cross SectionsPredicted Kovats Retention IndicesUnderivatizedDerivatizedDerivative Name / Structure | SMILES | Kovats RI Value | Column Type | Reference |
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Acrylamide,1TMS,isomer #1 | C=CC(=O)N[Si](C)(C)C | 961.4 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | Acrylamide,1TMS,isomer #1 | C=CC(=O)N[Si](C)(C)C | 1055.8 | Standard non polar | 33892256 | Acrylamide,1TMS,isomer #1 | C=CC(=O)N[Si](C)(C)C | 1272.8 | Standard polar | 33892256 | Acrylamide,2TMS,isomer #1 | C=CC(=O)N([Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C | 1118.2 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | Acrylamide,2TMS,isomer #1 | C=CC(=O)N([Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C | 1071.7 | Standard non polar | 33892256 | Acrylamide,2TMS,isomer #1 | C=CC(=O)N([Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C | 1202.4 | Standard polar | 33892256 | Acrylamide,1TBDMS,isomer #1 | C=CC(=O)N[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C | 1205.9 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | Acrylamide,1TBDMS,isomer #1 | C=CC(=O)N[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C | 1246.1 | Standard non polar | 33892256 | Acrylamide,1TBDMS,isomer #1 | C=CC(=O)N[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C | 1432.7 | Standard polar | 33892256 | Acrylamide,2TBDMS,isomer #1 | C=CC(=O)N([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C | 1561.4 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | Acrylamide,2TBDMS,isomer #1 | C=CC(=O)N([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C | 1526.3 | Standard non polar | 33892256 | Acrylamide,2TBDMS,isomer #1 | C=CC(=O)N([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C | 1430.3 | Standard polar | 33892256 |
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| GC-MS SpectraSpectrum Type | Description | Splash Key | Deposition Date | Source | View |
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Experimental GC-MS | GC-MS Spectrum - Acrylamide EI-B (Non-derivatized) | splash10-05dl-9000000000-7803f8bd1c25c6f33593 | 2017-09-12 | HMDB team, MONA, MassBank | View Spectrum | Experimental GC-MS | GC-MS Spectrum - Acrylamide EI-B (Non-derivatized) | splash10-0fbc-9000000000-5172c72b521a27969d00 | 2017-09-12 | HMDB team, MONA, MassBank | View Spectrum | Experimental GC-MS | GC-MS Spectrum - Acrylamide EI-B (Non-derivatized) | splash10-05dl-9000000000-1bf9b49a192db4be5718 | 2017-09-12 | HMDB team, MONA, MassBank | View Spectrum | Experimental GC-MS | GC-MS Spectrum - Acrylamide EI-B (Non-derivatized) | splash10-05dl-9000000000-7803f8bd1c25c6f33593 | 2018-05-18 | HMDB team, MONA, MassBank | View Spectrum | Experimental GC-MS | GC-MS Spectrum - Acrylamide EI-B (Non-derivatized) | splash10-0fbc-9000000000-5172c72b521a27969d00 | 2018-05-18 | HMDB team, MONA, MassBank | View Spectrum | Experimental GC-MS | GC-MS Spectrum - Acrylamide EI-B (Non-derivatized) | splash10-05dl-9000000000-1bf9b49a192db4be5718 | 2018-05-18 | HMDB team, MONA, MassBank | View Spectrum | Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - Acrylamide GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive | splash10-00b9-9000000000-5bef29cbd40aff79956d | 2017-09-01 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - Acrylamide GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | 2021-10-12 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - Acrylamide GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | 2021-10-12 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum |
MS/MS SpectraSpectrum Type | Description | Splash Key | Deposition Date | Source | View |
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Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Acrylamide Quattro_QQQ 10V, Positive-QTOF (Annotated) | splash10-05fr-9000000000-7b30073e15256ba58af1 | 2012-07-25 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Acrylamide Quattro_QQQ 25V, Positive-QTOF (Annotated) | splash10-0udi-9000000000-26ca703d558096e73e80 | 2012-07-25 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Acrylamide Quattro_QQQ 40V, Positive-QTOF (Annotated) | splash10-0kfx-9000000000-da086ba0e1b4f10d534f | 2012-07-25 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Acrylamide EI-B (Unknown) , Positive-QTOF | splash10-05dl-9000000000-2c812f3ba789fd949662 | 2012-08-31 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Acrylamide EI-B (HITACHI RMU-7M) , Positive-QTOF | splash10-0fbc-9000000000-133d475aa82b7785e9d9 | 2012-08-31 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Acrylamide EI-B (HITACHI M-60) , Positive-QTOF | splash10-05dl-9000000000-1a51b235c01925474be9 | 2012-08-31 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Acrylamide 20V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0a4i-9000000000-9abb65794a256ec349d9 | 2021-09-20 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Acrylamide 40V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0006-9000000000-731632d5d897092e8793 | 2021-09-20 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Acrylamide 10V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0a4i-9000000000-7ae060a514404849e18b | 2021-09-20 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Acrylamide 10V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0ab9-9000000000-266bb2ee5e50895cafcd | 2017-09-01 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Acrylamide 20V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0a4i-9000000000-f050957a0d6ea8faffa9 | 2017-09-01 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Acrylamide 40V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0a6r-9000000000-c07c1b77eefb52c831b3 | 2017-09-01 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Acrylamide 10V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-00di-9000000000-aeb4a4f6e2bfac854f78 | 2017-09-01 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Acrylamide 20V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-00di-9000000000-9dbeef50bde3f71563c7 | 2017-09-01 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Acrylamide 40V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-0f6x-9000000000-a47b3ab799000bb0943f | 2017-09-01 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Acrylamide 10V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0a4i-9000000000-3f00472f65fff4471b25 | 2021-09-23 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Acrylamide 20V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0a4i-9000000000-f7af528f16b7b525e1d9 | 2021-09-23 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Acrylamide 40V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0pbc-9000000000-a4a3d985da910e7d55bd | 2021-09-23 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Acrylamide 10V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-00di-9000000000-824624715e96152c7f47 | 2021-09-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Acrylamide 20V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-006x-9000000000-9c5330c894f80f4d61fe | 2021-09-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Acrylamide 40V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-0006-9000000000-90726b17dc36e29c5299 | 2021-09-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum |
NMR SpectraSpectrum Type | Description | Deposition Date | Source | View |
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Experimental 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, H2O, experimental) | 2012-12-05 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-16 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-16 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-16 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-16 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-16 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-16 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-16 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-16 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-16 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-16 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-16 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-16 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-16 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-16 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-16 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-16 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-16 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-16 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-16 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-16 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Experimental 2D NMR | [1H, 13C]-HSQC NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, H2O, experimental) | 2012-12-05 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum |
IR SpectraSpectrum Type | Description | Deposition Date | Source | View |
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Predicted IR Spectrum | IR Ion Spectrum (Predicted IRIS Spectrum, Adduct: [M-H]-) | 2023-02-03 | FELIX lab | View Spectrum | Predicted IR Spectrum | IR Ion Spectrum (Predicted IRIS Spectrum, Adduct: [M+H]+) | 2023-02-03 | FELIX lab | View Spectrum | Predicted IR Spectrum | IR Ion Spectrum (Predicted IRIS Spectrum, Adduct: [M+Na]+) | 2023-02-03 | FELIX lab | View Spectrum |
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