Record Information |
---|
Version | 5.0 |
---|
Status | Detected and Quantified |
---|
Creation Date | 2006-10-17 08:44:13 UTC |
---|
Update Date | 2022-09-22 17:43:53 UTC |
---|
HMDB ID | HMDB0005016 |
---|
Secondary Accession Numbers | |
---|
Metabolite Identification |
---|
Common Name | Venlafaxine |
---|
Description | Venlafaxine (brand name: Effexor or Efexor) is a bicyclic antidepressant and is usually categorized as a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI), but it has been referred to as a serotonin-norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor. It works by blocking the transporter reuptake proteins for key neurotransmitters affecting mood, thereby leaving more active neurotransmitter in the synapse. The neurotransmitters affected are serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline). Additionally, in high doses, it weakly inhibits the reuptake of dopamine. A comparison of adverse event rates in a fixed-dose study comparing venlafaxine 75, 225, and 375 mg/day with placebo revealed a dose dependency for some of the more common adverse events associated with venlafaxine use. The rule for including events was to enumerate those that occurred at an incidence of 5% or more for at least one of the venlafaxine groups and for which the incidence was at least twice the placebo incidence for at least one venlafaxine group. Tests for potential dose relationships for these events (Cochran-Armitage Test, with a criterion of exact 2-sided p-value <= 0.05) suggested a dose-dependency for several adverse events in this list, including chills, hypertension, anorexia, nausea, agitation, dizziness, somnolence, tremor, yawning, sweating, and abnormal ejaculation (Wyeth Monograph). Venlafaxine is an effective anti-depressant for many persons; however, it seems to be especially effective for those with treatment-resistant depression. Patients suffering from severe long-term depression typically respond better to venlafaxine than other drugs. However, venlafaxine has been reported to be more difficult to discontinue than other antidepressants. In addition, a September 2004 Consumer Reports study ranked venlafaxine as the most effective among six commonly prescribed antidepressants. However, this should not be considered a definitive finding, since responses to psychiatric medications can vary significantly from individual to individual. A black box warning has been issued with venlafaxine and with other SSRI and SNRI anti-depressants advising of risk of suicide. There is an additional risk if a physician misinterprets patient expression of adverse effects such as panic or akathisia. Careful assessment of patient history and comorbid risk factors such as drug abuse are essential in evaluating the safety of venlafaxine for individual patients. Another risk is serotonin syndrome. This is a serious effect that can be caused by interactions with other drugs and is potentially fatal. This risk necessitates clear information to patients and proper medical history. Venlafaxine is used primarily for the treatment of depression, generalized anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, social anxiety disorder, and panic disorder in adults. It is also used for other general depressive disorders. Although it is not approved for use in children or adolescents, there is considerable information by Wyeth on cautions if prescribed to this age group. Venlafaxine hydrochloride is a prescription antidepressant first introduced by Wyeth in 1993. As of August 2006, generic venlafaxine is available in the United States. |
---|
Structure | COC1=CC=C(C=C1)C(CN(C)C)C1(O)CCCCC1 InChI=1S/C17H27NO2/c1-18(2)13-16(17(19)11-5-4-6-12-17)14-7-9-15(20-3)10-8-14/h7-10,16,19H,4-6,11-13H2,1-3H3 |
---|
Synonyms | Value | Source |
---|
Elafax | ChEBI | Venlafaxina | ChEBI | Venlafaxinum | ChEBI | Efectin | Kegg | Efexor | HMDB, MeSH | Effexor | HMDB, MeSH | Trevilor | HMDB, MeSH | Venlafaxin | HMDB | Venlafexine | HMDB | Cyclohexanol, 1-(2-(dimethylamino)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl)-, hydrochloride | MeSH, HMDB | Hydrochloride, venlafaxine | MeSH, HMDB | 1-(2-(dimethylamino)-1-(4-Methoxyphenyl)ethyl)cyclohexanol HCL | MeSH, HMDB | Dobupal | MeSH, HMDB | Sila venlafaxine | MeSH, HMDB | Vandral | MeSH, HMDB | Sila-venlafaxine | MeSH, HMDB | Venlafaxine hydrochloride | MeSH, HMDB |
|
---|
Chemical Formula | C17H27NO2 |
---|
Average Molecular Weight | 277.4018 |
---|
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight | 277.204179113 |
---|
IUPAC Name | 1-[2-(dimethylamino)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]cyclohexan-1-ol |
---|
Traditional Name | venlafaxine |
---|
CAS Registry Number | 93413-69-5 |
---|
SMILES | COC1=CC=C(C=C1)C(CN(C)C)C1(O)CCCCC1 |
---|
InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C17H27NO2/c1-18(2)13-16(17(19)11-5-4-6-12-17)14-7-9-15(20-3)10-8-14/h7-10,16,19H,4-6,11-13H2,1-3H3 |
---|
InChI Key | PNVNVHUZROJLTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
---|
Chemical Taxonomy |
---|
Description | Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as anisoles. These are organic compounds containing a methoxybenzene or a derivative thereof. |
---|
Kingdom | Organic compounds |
---|
Super Class | Benzenoids |
---|
Class | Phenol ethers |
---|
Sub Class | Anisoles |
---|
Direct Parent | Anisoles |
---|
Alternative Parents | |
---|
Substituents | - Phenoxy compound
- Anisole
- Methoxybenzene
- Alkyl aryl ether
- Aralkylamine
- Cyclohexanol
- Monocyclic benzene moiety
- 1,3-aminoalcohol
- Tertiary alcohol
- Cyclic alcohol
- Tertiary aliphatic amine
- Tertiary amine
- Ether
- Organic nitrogen compound
- Organonitrogen compound
- Organooxygen compound
- Hydrocarbon derivative
- Organopnictogen compound
- Amine
- Organic oxygen compound
- Alcohol
- Aromatic homomonocyclic compound
|
---|
Molecular Framework | Aromatic homomonocyclic compounds |
---|
External Descriptors | |
---|
Ontology |
---|
Physiological effect | Not Available |
---|
Disposition | |
---|
Process | Not Available |
---|
Role | Not Available |
---|
Physical Properties |
---|
State | Solid |
---|
Experimental Molecular Properties | Property | Value | Reference |
---|
Melting Point | 74 - 76 °C | Not Available | Boiling Point | Not Available | Not Available | Water Solubility | Not Available | Not Available | LogP | Not Available | Not Available |
|
---|
Experimental Chromatographic Properties | Experimental Collision Cross Sections |
---|
Predicted Molecular Properties | |
---|
Predicted Chromatographic Properties | Predicted Collision Cross SectionsPredicted Kovats Retention IndicesUnderivatizedDerivatized |
---|
Spectra |
---|
| GC-MS SpectraSpectrum Type | Description | Splash Key | Deposition Date | Source | View |
---|
Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - Venlafaxine GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive | splash10-0a4i-9110000000-10fdc1f0eb77f9e8ed4e | 2017-09-01 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - Venlafaxine GC-MS (1 TMS) - 70eV, Positive | splash10-0ab9-9512000000-579bd169c5d6903163c2 | 2017-10-06 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - Venlafaxine GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | 2021-10-12 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - Venlafaxine GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | 2021-10-12 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - Venlafaxine GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | 2021-10-12 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum |
MS/MS SpectraSpectrum Type | Description | Splash Key | Deposition Date | Source | View |
---|
Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Venlafaxine LC-ESI-QTOF , positive-QTOF | splash10-004i-0090000000-d413fb5f16658fcc5acb | 2017-09-14 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Venlafaxine LC-ESI-QTOF , positive-QTOF | splash10-004i-0090000000-182f1032c3f72220679d | 2017-09-14 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Venlafaxine LC-ESI-QTOF , positive-QTOF | splash10-00dj-0910000000-c7a4a25a9bc95faa6db1 | 2017-09-14 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Venlafaxine LC-ESI-QTOF , positive-QTOF | splash10-00di-0900000000-7be3d65db3af35be404e | 2017-09-14 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Venlafaxine LC-ESI-QTOF , positive-QTOF | splash10-00di-0900000000-615322444dcf11a7fb8d | 2017-09-14 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Venlafaxine LC-ESI-ITFT , positive-QTOF | splash10-03di-0090000000-d212108d9a8267ed7dad | 2017-09-14 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Venlafaxine LC-ESI-ITFT , positive-QTOF | splash10-004i-0090000000-0c4e12d13e69311b26bf | 2017-09-14 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Venlafaxine LC-ESI-ITFT , positive-QTOF | splash10-0bvi-4090000000-8bf2805a95084bfd952a | 2017-09-14 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Venlafaxine LC-ESI-ITFT , positive-QTOF | splash10-0a4i-9520000000-de599153aa118f97ad81 | 2017-09-14 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Venlafaxine LC-ESI-ITFT , positive-QTOF | splash10-0ab9-8900000000-6e9f54b654899b486e4d | 2017-09-14 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Venlafaxine LC-ESI-ITFT , positive-QTOF | splash10-0ab9-9800000000-d762b2d7edeba1e12b28 | 2017-09-14 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Venlafaxine LC-ESI-ITFT , positive-QTOF | splash10-0ab9-9700000000-2b8ebcefcf1274550d32 | 2017-09-14 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Venlafaxine LC-ESI-ITFT , positive-QTOF | splash10-004i-0090000000-c592b4ae2ead9b2bb7ea | 2017-09-14 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Venlafaxine LC-ESI-ITFT , positive-QTOF | splash10-0bvi-4090000000-30b9b5dca017215ebaa4 | 2017-09-14 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Venlafaxine LC-ESI-ITFT , positive-QTOF | splash10-0a4i-9620000000-ab905f15470a13b750c5 | 2017-09-14 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Venlafaxine LC-ESI-ITFT , positive-QTOF | splash10-0ab9-8900000000-52ec7a86d35dbbd47681 | 2017-09-14 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Venlafaxine LC-ESI-ITFT , positive-QTOF | splash10-0ab9-9800000000-7a7cc5b11e1a30499063 | 2017-09-14 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Venlafaxine LC-ESI-ITFT , positive-QTOF | splash10-0ab9-9700000000-062f05f9fe2a1540985c | 2017-09-14 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Venlafaxine LC-ESI-ITFT , positive-QTOF | splash10-03di-0090000000-8eb971c1dc9a14696c31 | 2017-09-14 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Venlafaxine 10V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-03fr-0090000000-479240d2112a5b71fa58 | 2016-08-03 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Venlafaxine 20V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-02w9-4190000000-4942ed295b70fa38aa2a | 2016-08-03 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Venlafaxine 40V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0ldl-9030000000-2af1eebea0622a8f7757 | 2016-08-03 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Venlafaxine 10V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-004i-0090000000-99e5b56ecf6f61518e30 | 2016-08-03 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Venlafaxine 20V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-004i-1390000000-58c1f11113a0c69c42d9 | 2016-08-03 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Venlafaxine 40V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-03dl-6930000000-bcbc7b00748a2c2bec30 | 2016-08-03 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum |
NMR SpectraSpectrum Type | Description | Deposition Date | Source | View |
---|
Experimental 2D NMR | [1H, 13C]-HSQC NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, CDCl3, experimental) | 2012-12-05 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum |
|
---|
Biological Properties |
---|
Cellular Locations | - Membrane (predicted from logP)
|
---|
Biospecimen Locations | |
---|
Tissue Locations | |
---|
Pathways | |
---|
Normal Concentrations |
---|
| |
Blood | Detected and Quantified | 2.0 (0.02-4.5) uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details |
|
---|
Abnormal Concentrations |
---|
| |
Urine | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Not Specified | Not Specified | Cancer patients undergoing total body irradiation | | details |
|
---|
Predicted Concentrations |
---|
| |
Blood | 0.000 umol/mmol creatinine | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | Predicted based on drug qualities |
|
---|
Associated Disorders and Diseases |
---|
Disease References | None |
---|
Associated OMIM IDs | None |
---|
External Links |
---|
DrugBank ID | Not Available |
---|
Phenol Explorer Compound ID | Not Available |
---|
FooDB ID | Not Available |
---|
KNApSAcK ID | Not Available |
---|
Chemspider ID | 5454 |
---|
KEGG Compound ID | C07187 |
---|
BioCyc ID | Not Available |
---|
BiGG ID | Not Available |
---|
Wikipedia Link | Venlafaxine |
---|
METLIN ID | Not Available |
---|
PubChem Compound | Not Available |
---|
PDB ID | Not Available |
---|
ChEBI ID | 9943 |
---|
Food Biomarker Ontology | Not Available |
---|
VMH ID | Not Available |
---|
MarkerDB ID | Not Available |
---|
Good Scents ID | Not Available |
---|
References |
---|
Synthesis Reference | Husbands, George Edward Morris; Yardley, John Patrick; Muth, Eric Anthony. Phenethylamine derivatives and intermediates. Eur. Pat. Appl. (1984), 58 pp. CODEN: EPXXDW EP 112669 A2 19840704 CAN 102:5895 AN 1985:5895 |
---|
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) | Download (PDF) |
---|
General References | - Fogelman SM, Schmider J, Venkatakrishnan K, von Moltke LL, Harmatz JS, Shader RI, Greenblatt DJ: O- and N-demethylation of venlafaxine in vitro by human liver microsomes and by microsomes from cDNA-transfected cells: effect of metabolic inhibitors and SSRI antidepressants. Neuropsychopharmacology. 1999 May;20(5):480-90. [PubMed:10192828 ]
- Saletu B, Grunberger J, Anderer P, Linzmayer L, Semlitsch HV, Magni G: Pharmacodynamics of venlafaxine evaluated by EEG brain mapping, psychometry and psychophysiology. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1992 Jun;33(6):589-601. [PubMed:1389931 ]
- Degner D, Grohmann R, Kropp S, Ruther E, Bender S, Engel RR, Schmidt LG: Severe adverse drug reactions of antidepressants: results of the German multicenter drug surveillance program AMSP. Pharmacopsychiatry. 2004 Mar;37 Suppl 1:S39-45. [PubMed:15052513 ]
- Invernizzi RW, Garattini S: Role of presynaptic alpha2-adrenoceptors in antidepressant action: recent findings from microdialysis studies. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2004 Aug;28(5):819-27. [PubMed:15363606 ]
- Wikell C, Eap CB, Josefsson M, Apelqvist G, Ahlner J, Baumann P, Bengtsson F: Disposition of venlafaxine enantiomers in rats with hepatic encephalopathy after chronic drug treatment. Chirality. 2002 May 5;14(4):347-50. [PubMed:11968077 ]
|
---|