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Human Metabolome Database Version 2.5

 

Showing metabocard for Cortisol (HMDB00063)

Legend: metabolite field enzyme field

Version 2.5
Creation Date 2005-11-16 15:48:42
Update Date 2009-07-02 16:19:51
Accession Number HMDB00063
Secondary Accession Numbers Not Available
Common Name Cortisol
Description Cortisol is a corticosteroid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex that is involved in the response to stress; The main glucocorticoid secreted by the adrenal cortex. Its synthetic counterpart is used, either as an injection or topically, in the treatment of inflammation, allergy, collagen diseases, asthma, adrenocortical deficiency, shock, and some neoplastic conditions.; As an oral or injectable drug, cortisol is also known as hydrocortisone. It is used as an immunosuppressive drug, given by injection in the treatment of severe allergic reactions such as anaphylaxis and angioedema, in place of prednisolone in patients who need steroid treatment but cannot take oral medication, and peri-operatively in patients on long-term steroid treatment to prevent an Addisonian crisis.; Cortisol or Hydrocortisone is a corticosteroid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex that is involved in the response to stress. It increases blood pressure, blood sugar levels, may cause infertility in women, and suppresses the immune system. Its synthetic counterpart (hydrocortisone) is used, either as an injection or topically, in the treatment of inflammation, allergy, collagen diseases, asthma, adrenocortical deficiency, shock, and some neoplastic conditions. Cortisol is synthesized from pregnenolone. The amount of cortisol present in the serum undergoes diurnal variation, with the highest levels present in the early morning, and lower levels in the evening, several hours after the onset of sleep.; Cortisol is a corticosteroid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex that is involved in the response to stress; it increases blood pressure, blood sugar levels, may cause infertility in women, and suppresses the immune system. Synthetic cortisol, also known as hydrocortisone, is used as a drug mainly to fight allergies and inflammation; it increases blood pressure, blood sugar levels, may cause infertility in women, and suppresses the immune system. Synthetic cortisol, also known as hydrocortisone, is used as a drug mainly to fight allergies and inflammation.
Synonyms
  1. 11-Hydrocortisone
  2. 11-beta-Hydrocortisone
  3. 11-beta-Hydroxycortisone
  4. 11a-Hydroxycorticosterone
  5. 11alpha-Hydroxycorticosterone
  6. 11b,17,21-Trihydroxyprogesterone
  7. 11b-Hydrocortisone
  8. 11b-Hydroxycortisone
  9. 11beta,17,21-Trihydroxyprogesterone
  10. 11beta-Hydrocortisone
  11. 11beta-Hydroxycortisone
  12. 17-Hydroxycorticosterone
  13. 17a-Hydroxycorticosterone
  14. 17alpha-Hydroxycorticosterone
  15. 4-Pregnene-11alpha,21-triol 3,20-dione
  16. 4-Pregnene-11b,17a,21-triol-3,20-dione
  17. Acticort
  18. Aeroseb HC
  19. Aeroseb-HC
  20. Ala-Cort
  21. Ala-Scalp
  22. Alacort
  23. Algicirtis
  24. Amberin
  25. Anflam
  26. Anti-inflammatory hormone
  27. Aquacort
  28. Aquanil HC
  29. Barseb HC
  30. Basan-Corti
  31. CaldeCORT Spray
  32. Cetacort
  33. Chronocort
  34. Clear aid
  35. Cleiton
  36. Cobadex
  37. Compound F
  38. Cor-Tar-Quin
  39. Cort-Dome
  40. Cort-Quin
  41. Cortanal
  42. Cortenema
  43. Cortesal
  44. Corticreme
  45. Cortifan
  46. Cortifoam
  47. Cortiment
  48. Cortisol alcohol
  49. Cortisolonum
  50. Cortisporin
  51. Cortisporin Otico
  52. Cortispray
  53. Cortizol
  54. Cortolotion
  55. Cortonema
  56. Cortoxide
  57. Cremesone
  58. Cremicort-H
  59. Cutisol
  60. Delacort
  61. Derm-Aid
  62. Dermil
  63. Dermolate
  64. Dihydrocostisone
  65. Dioderm
  66. Dome-cort
  67. Domolene-HC
  68. Drotic
  69. Ef corlin
  70. Efcorbin
  71. Efcortelan
  72. Efcortelin
  73. Eldercort
  74. Epicort
  75. Epiderm H
  76. Esiderm H
  77. Evacort
  78. Ficortril
  79. Fiocortril
  80. Foille Insetti
  81. Genacort
  82. Gyno-Cortisone
  83. H-Cort
  84. HC
  85. Heb Cort
  86. Heb-Cort
  87. Hidalone
  88. Hidro-Colisona
  89. Hidrocortisona
  90. Hycort
  91. Hycortol
  92. Hycortole
  93. Hydracort
  94. Hydrasson
  95. Hydro-Adreson
  96. Hydro-colisona
  97. Hydrocort
  98. Hydrocortal
  99. Hydrocorticosterone
  100. Hydrocortisone
  101. Hydrocortisone alcohol
  102. Hydrocortisone base
  103. Hydrocortisone free alcohol
  104. Hydrocortisonum
  105. Hydrocortistab
  106. Hydrocortisyl
  107. Hydrocortone
  108. Hydroskin
  109. Hydroxycortisone
  110. Hysone
  111. Hytisone
  112. Hytone
  113. Hytone lotion
  114. Idrocortisone
  115. Incortin-H
  116. Incortin-hydrogen
  117. Kendall's compound F
  118. Komed HC
  119. Kyypakkaus
  120. Lacticare HC
  121. Lacticare-HC
  122. Lactisona
  123. Lubricort
  124. Maintasone
  125. Medicort
  126. Meusicort
  127. Mildison
  128. Milliderm
  129. Neo-Cort-Dome
  130. Neosporin-H Ear
  131. Nutracort
  132. Nystaform-HC
  133. Optef
  134. Otalgine
  135. Otic-Neo-Cort-Dome
  136. Otobiotic
  137. Otocort
  138. Otosone-F
  139. Pediotic Suspension
  140. Penecort
  141. Permicort
  142. Polcort H
  143. Preparation H Hydrocortisone Cream
  144. Prepcort
  145. Prestwick_265
  146. Prevex HC
  147. Proctocort
  148. Proctofoam
  149. Protocort
  150. Racet
  151. Rectoid
  152. Reichstein's substance M
  153. Remederm HC
  154. Sanatison
  155. Scalpicin Capilar
  156. Schericur
  157. Scheroson F
  158. Sigmacort
  159. Signef
  160. Stiefcorcil
  161. Synacort
  162. Systral Hydrocort
  163. Tarcortin
  164. Timocort
  165. Topicort
  166. Transderma H
  167. Traumaide
  168. Uniderm
  169. Vioform-Hydrocortisone
  170. VoSol HC
  171. Vytone
  172. Zenoxone
  173. alphaderm
Chemical IUPAC Name 11,17-dihydroxy-17-(2-hydroxyacetyl)-10,13-dimethyl-2,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16-decahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one
Chemical Formula C21H30O5
Chemical Structure Structure
Chemical Taxonomy
Kingdom
  • Organic
Super Class
  • Cholesterols and derivatives
Class
  • Steroids and Steroid Derivatives
Sub Class
  • Ketosteroids
Family
  • Mammalian Metabolite
Species
  • ketone
  • primary alcohol
  • secondary alcohol
  • tertiary alcohol
  • alkene
Biofunction
  • Hormones, Membrane component
Application
—
Source
  • Endogenous
Average Molecular Weight 362.460
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight 362.209320
Isomeric SMILES C[C@]12CCC(=O)C=C1CC[C@H]1[C@@H]3CC[C@@](O)(C(=O)CO)[C@@]3(C)C[C@H](O)[C@H]21
Canonical SMILES CC12CCC(=O)C=C1CCC1C3CCC(O)(C(=O)CO)C3(C)CC(O)C21
KEGG Compound ID C00735 Link Image
BioCyc ID CPD-286 Link Image
BiGG ID 35828 Link Image
Wikipedia Link Cortisol Link Image
NuGOwiki Link HMDB00063 Link Image
Metagene Link HMDB00063 Link Image
METLIN ID 5124 Link Image
PubChem Compound 5754 Link Image
PubChem Substance 7847156 Link Image
ChEBI ID 17650 Link Image
CAS Registry Number 50-23-7
InChI Identifier InChI=1/C21H30O5/c1-19-7-5-13(23)9-12(19)3-4-14-15-6-8-21(26,17(25)11-22)20(15,2)10-16(24)18(14)19/h9,14-16,18,22,24,26H,3-8,10-11H2,1-2H3/t14-,15-,16?,18+,19-,20-,21+/m0/s1
Synthesis Reference Hanson, Frederick R.; Mann, Kingsley M.; Nielson, Eldon D.; Anderson, Hugh V.; Brunner, Mari P.; Karnemaat, John N.; Colingsworth, Donald R.; Haines, Wm. J. Microbiological transformations of steroids. VIII. Preparation of 17a-hydroxycorticosterone. Journ
Melting Point (Experimental) 220 oC
Experimental Water Solubility 0.32 mg/mL [YALKOWSKY,SH & DANNENFELSER,RM (1992)] Source: PhysProp
Predicted Water Solubility 0.199 mg/mL [Predicted by ALOGPS] Calculated using ALOGPS
Physiological Charge 0
State Solid
Experimental LogP/Hydrophobicity 1.61 [HANSCH,C ET AL. (1995)] Source: PhysProp
Predicted LogP/Hydrophobicity 1.79 [Predicted by ALOGPS]; 0.5 [Predicted by PubChem via XLOGP] Calculated using ALOGPS
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)
MOL File Show
SDF File Show
PDB File Show
2D Structure
3D Structure
Experimental PDB ID Not Available
Experimental 1H NMR Spectrum Download Spectrum
Download FID (Bruker)
Show Experimental Conditions Link Image
Experimental 13C NMR Spectrum Not Available
Experimental 13C HSQC Spectrum Download Spectrum
Download FID (Bruker)
Show Experimental Conditions Link Image
Predicted 1H NMR Spectrum Show Image
Show Peaklist
Predicted 13C NMR Spectrum Show Image
Show Peaklist
Mass Spectrum
Low Energy
Download File
Show Experimental Conditions Link Image
Medium Energy
Download File
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High Energy
Download File
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Simplified TOCSY Spectrum Not Available
BMRB Spectrum Not Available
Cellular Location
  • Membrane
  • Cytoplasm
  • endoplasmic reticulum
  • mitochondria
Biofluid Location
  • Blood
  • Cerebrospinal Fluid
  • Saliva
  • Urine
Tissue Location
Tissue References
Adipose Tissue —
Adrenal Cortex —
Adrenal Gland —
Adrenal Medulla —
Bladder —
Brain —
Fetus —
Fibroblasts —
Gonads —
Gut —
Intestine —
Kidney —
Liver —
Lymphocyte —
Muscle —
Nerve Cells —
Neuron —
Pancreas —
Placenta —
Platelet —
Prostate —
Skeletal Muscle —
Skin —
Spleen —
Testes —
Concentrations (Normal)
Biofluid Blood
Value 0.199 (0.058-0.475) uM
Age Infant:0-1 yr old
Sex Both
Patient information Normal
Comments Appropriate for gestational age preterm infants (24.7–29.9 weeks)
References
  • Heckmann M, Wudy SA, Haack D, Pohlandt F: Reference range for serum cortisol in well preterm infants. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 1999 Nov;81(3):F171-4. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid Blood
Value 0.359 (0.130-0.519) uM
Age Infant:0-1 yr old
Sex Both
Patient information Normal
Comments Not Available
References
  • Heckmann M, Wudy SA, Haack D, Pohlandt F: Reference range for serum cortisol in well preterm infants. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 1999 Nov;81(3):F171-4. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid Blood
Value 0.427 (0.110-0.744) uM
Age Infant:0-1 yr old
Sex Both
Patient information Normal
Comments Not Available
References
  • Heckmann M, Wudy SA, Haack D, Pohlandt F: Reference range for serum cortisol in well preterm infants. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 1999 Nov;81(3):F171-4. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid Blood
Value 0.386 (0.100-0.671) uM
Age Infant:0-1 yr old
Sex Both
Patient information Normal
Comments Not Available
References
  • Heckmann M, Wudy SA, Haack D, Pohlandt F: Reference range for serum cortisol in well preterm infants. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 1999 Nov;81(3):F171-4. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid Blood
Value 0.348 (0.090-0.605) uM
Age Infant:0-1 yr old
Sex Both
Patient information Normal
Comments Not Available
References
  • Heckmann M, Wudy SA, Haack D, Pohlandt F: Reference range for serum cortisol in well preterm infants. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 1999 Nov;81(3):F171-4. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid Blood
Value 0.313 (0.081-0.545) uM
Age Infant:0-1 yr old
Sex Both
Patient information Normal
Comments Not Available
References
  • Heckmann M, Wudy SA, Haack D, Pohlandt F: Reference range for serum cortisol in well preterm infants. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 1999 Nov;81(3):F171-4. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid Blood
Value 0.282 (0.073-0.491) uM
Age Infant:0-1 yr old
Sex Both
Patient information Normal
Comments Not Available
References
  • Heckmann M, Wudy SA, Haack D, Pohlandt F: Reference range for serum cortisol in well preterm infants. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 1999 Nov;81(3):F171-4. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid Blood
Value 0.255 (0.066-0.443) uM
Age Infant:0-1 yr old
Sex Both
Patient information Normal
Comments Not Available
References
  • Heckmann M, Wudy SA, Haack D, Pohlandt F: Reference range for serum cortisol in well preterm infants. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 1999 Nov;81(3):F171-4. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid Blood
Value 0.32 +/- 0.19 uM
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex Both
Patient information Normal
Comments Not Available
References
  • Walker EF, Bonsall R, Walder DJ: Plasma hormones and catecholamine metabolites in monozygotic twins discordant for psychosis. Neuropsychiatry Neuropsychol Behav Neurol. 2002 Mar;15(1):10-7. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid Blood
Value 0.46 +/- 0.30 uM
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex Both
Patient information Normal
Comments Not Available
References
  • Hoekstra PJ, Anderson GM, Troost PW, Kallenberg CG, Minderaa RB: Plasma kynurenine and related measures in tic disorder patients. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2007 Jun;16 Suppl 1:71-7. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid Blood
Value 0.14 (0.0-0.28) uM
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex Both
Patient information Normal
Comments Not Available
References
  • Vierhapper H, Kiss A, Nowotny P, Wiesnagrotzki S, Monder C, Waldhausl W: Metabolism of cortisol in anorexia nervosa. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh). 1990 Jun;122(6):753-8. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid Blood
Value 0.34 (0.028-0.66) uM
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex Both
Patient information Normal
Comments Not Available
References
Biofluid Blood
Value 0.34 (0.028-0.66) uM
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex Both
Patient information Normal
Comments Not Available
References
Biofluid CSF
Value 0.052 +/- 0.023 uM
Age Elderly:>65 yrs old
Sex N/A
Patient information Normal
Comments Not Available
References
  • Deuschle M, Lecei O, Stalla GK, Landgraf R, Hamann B, Lederbogen F, Uhr M, Luppa P, Maras A, Colla M, Heuser I: Steroid synthesis inhibition with ketoconazole and its effect upon the regulation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal system in healthy humans. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2003 Feb;28(2):379-83. Epub 2002 Aug 12. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid CSF
Value 0.02 +/- 0.011 uM
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex Male
Patient information Normal
Comments Not Available
References
  • Deuschle M, Lecei O, Stalla GK, Landgraf R, Hamann B, Lederbogen F, Uhr M, Luppa P, Maras A, Colla M, Heuser I: Steroid synthesis inhibition with ketoconazole and its effect upon the regulation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal system in healthy humans. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2003 Feb;28(2):379-83. Epub 2002 Aug 12. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid CSF
Value 0.03 +/- 0.005 uM
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex Male
Patient information Normal
Comments After administration of 600-800 mg ketoconazole
References
  • Deuschle M, Lecei O, Stalla GK, Landgraf R, Hamann B, Lederbogen F, Uhr M, Luppa P, Maras A, Colla M, Heuser I: Steroid synthesis inhibition with ketoconazole and its effect upon the regulation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal system in healthy humans. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2003 Feb;28(2):379-83. Epub 2002 Aug 12. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid Saliva
Value 2.35 uM
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex Both
Patient information Normal
Comments Not Available
References
  • Krahwinkel T, Nastali S, Azrak B, Willershausen B: The effect of examination stress conditions on the cortisol content of saliva - a study of students from clinical semesters. Eur J Med Res. 2004 May 28;9(5):256-60. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid Urine
Value 1.77 (1.28-2.27) umol/mmol creatinine
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex Both
Patient information Normal
Comments Not Available
References
  • Turpeinen U, Markkanen H, Valimaki M, Stenman UH: Determination of urinary free cortisol by HPLC. Clin Chem. 1997 Aug;43(8 Pt 1):1386-91. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid Urine
Value 0.0061 +/- 0.00064 umol/mmol creatinine
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex Both
Patient information Normal
Comments Not Available
References
  • Straub RH, Weidler C, Demmel B, Herrmann M, Kees F, Schmidt M, Scholmerich J, Schedel J: Renal clearance and daily excretion of cortisol and adrenal androgens in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Ann Rheum Dis. 2004 Aug;63(8):961-8. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid Urine
Value 0.0081 (0.0019-0.014) umol/mmol creatinine
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex Both
Patient information Normal
Comments Not Available
References
  • Epstein MT, Espiner EA, Donald RA, Hughes H, Cowles RJ, Lun S: Licorice raises urinary cortisol in man. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1978 Aug;47(2):397-400. [PubMed Link Image]
Concentrations (Abnormal)
Biofluid Blood
Value 0.27 +/- 0.06 uM
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex Both
Condition Bipolar disorder
Comments Not Available
References
  • Walker EF, Bonsall R, Walder DJ: Plasma hormones and catecholamine metabolites in monozygotic twins discordant for psychosis. Neuropsychiatry Neuropsychol Behav Neurol. 2002 Mar;15(1):10-7. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid Blood
Value 0.41 +/- 0.2 uM
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex Both
Condition Tic disorder
Comments Not Available
References
  • Hoekstra PJ, Anderson GM, Troost PW, Kallenberg CG, Minderaa RB: Plasma kynurenine and related measures in tic disorder patients. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2007 Jun;16 Suppl 1:71-7. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid Blood
Value 10.55 +/- 1.93 uM
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex Both
Condition Schizophrenia
Comments Not Available
References
  • Walker EF, Bonsall R, Walder DJ: Plasma hormones and catecholamine metabolites in monozygotic twins discordant for psychosis. Neuropsychiatry Neuropsychol Behav Neurol. 2002 Mar;15(1):10-7. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid Blood
Value 0.001 (0.00-0.002) uM
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex Both
Comments Not Available
References
Biofluid Blood
Value 0.001 (0.0-0.002) uM
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex Both
Comments Not Available
References
Biofluid Blood
Value 0.001 (0.00-0.002) uM
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex Both
Comments Not Available
References
Biofluid CSF
Value 0.0096 (0.0027-0.016) uM
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex Female
Condition Benign gynecological diseases
Comments Not Available
References
  • Murakami K, Nakagawa T, Shozu M, Uchide K, Koike K, Inoue M: Changes with aging of steroidal levels in the cerebrospinal fluid of women. Maturitas. 1999 Sep 24;33(1):71-80. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid CSF
Value 0.0001+/- 0.00001 uM
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex Female
Condition Functional hypothalamic amenorrhea
Comments Not Available
References
  • Brundu B, Loucks TL, Adler LJ, Cameron JL, Berga SL: Increased cortisol in the cerebrospinal fluid of women with functional hypothalamic amenorrhea. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006 Apr;91(4):1561-5. Epub 2006 Feb 7. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid Saliva
Value 8.69 uM
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex Both
Condition Stress
Comments Not Available
References
  • Krahwinkel T, Nastali S, Azrak B, Willershausen B: The effect of examination stress conditions on the cortisol content of saliva - a study of students from clinical semesters. Eur J Med Res. 2004 May 28;9(5):256-60. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid Urine
Value 0.44 +/- 0.09 umol/mmol creatinine
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex Both
Condition Anorexia nervosa
Comments Not Available
References
  • Vierhapper H, Kiss A, Nowotny P, Wiesnagrotzki S, Monder C, Waldhausl W: Metabolism of cortisol in anorexia nervosa. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh). 1990 Jun;122(6):753-8. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid Urine
Value 0.026 +/- 0.011 umol/mmol creatinine
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex Both
Condition Rheumatoid arthritis
Comments Rheumatoid arthritis with prednisolone treatment
References
  • Straub RH, Weidler C, Demmel B, Herrmann M, Kees F, Schmidt M, Scholmerich J, Schedel J: Renal clearance and daily excretion of cortisol and adrenal androgens in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Ann Rheum Dis. 2004 Aug;63(8):961-8. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid Urine
Value 0.0052 +/- 0.001 umol/mmol creatinine
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex Both
Condition Rheumatoid arthritis
Comments Rheumatoid arthritis with prednisolone treatment
References
  • Straub RH, Weidler C, Demmel B, Herrmann M, Kees F, Schmidt M, Scholmerich J, Schedel J: Renal clearance and daily excretion of cortisol and adrenal androgens in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Ann Rheum Dis. 2004 Aug;63(8):961-8. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid Urine
Value 0.021 +/- 0.0097 umol/mmol creatinine
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex Both
Comments Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) with prednisolone treatment
References
  • Straub RH, Weidler C, Demmel B, Herrmann M, Kees F, Schmidt M, Scholmerich J, Schedel J: Renal clearance and daily excretion of cortisol and adrenal androgens in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Ann Rheum Dis. 2004 Aug;63(8):961-8. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid Urine
Value 0.0082 +/- 0.0014 umol/mmol creatinine
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex Both
Comments Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) without prednisolone treatment
References
  • Straub RH, Weidler C, Demmel B, Herrmann M, Kees F, Schmidt M, Scholmerich J, Schedel J: Renal clearance and daily excretion of cortisol and adrenal androgens in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Ann Rheum Dis. 2004 Aug;63(8):961-8. [PubMed Link Image]
Associated Disorders
Condition References
Anorexia nervosa
  • Vierhapper H, Kiss A, Nowotny P, Wiesnagrotzki S, Monder C, Waldhausl W: Metabolism of cortisol in anorexia nervosa. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh). 1990 Jun;122(6):753-8. [PubMed Link Image]
Benign gynecological diseases
  • Murakami K, Nakagawa T, Shozu M, Uchide K, Koike K, Inoue M: Changes with aging of steroidal levels in the cerebrospinal fluid of women. Maturitas. 1999 Sep 24;33(1):71-80. [PubMed Link Image]
Bipolar disorder
  • Walker EF, Bonsall R, Walder DJ: Plasma hormones and catecholamine metabolites in monozygotic twins discordant for psychosis. Neuropsychiatry Neuropsychol Behav Neurol. 2002 Mar;15(1):10-7. [PubMed Link Image]
Functional hypothalamic amenorrhea
  • Brundu B, Loucks TL, Adler LJ, Cameron JL, Berga SL: Increased cortisol in the cerebrospinal fluid of women with functional hypothalamic amenorrhea. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006 Apr;91(4):1561-5. Epub 2006 Feb 7. [PubMed Link Image]
Rheumatoid arthritis
  • Straub RH, Weidler C, Demmel B, Herrmann M, Kees F, Schmidt M, Scholmerich J, Schedel J: Renal clearance and daily excretion of cortisol and adrenal androgens in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Ann Rheum Dis. 2004 Aug;63(8):961-8. [PubMed Link Image]
Schizophrenia
  • Walker EF, Bonsall R, Walder DJ: Plasma hormones and catecholamine metabolites in monozygotic twins discordant for psychosis. Neuropsychiatry Neuropsychol Behav Neurol. 2002 Mar;15(1):10-7. [PubMed Link Image]
Stress
  • Krahwinkel T, Nastali S, Azrak B, Willershausen B: The effect of examination stress conditions on the cortisol content of saliva - a study of students from clinical semesters. Eur J Med Res. 2004 May 28;9(5):256-60. [PubMed Link Image]
Tic disorder
  • Hoekstra PJ, Anderson GM, Troost PW, Kallenberg CG, Minderaa RB: Plasma kynurenine and related measures in tic disorder patients. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2007 Jun;16 Suppl 1:71-7. [PubMed Link Image]
OMIM ID
Pathways
Name SMPDB Link KEGG Link
Steroidogenesis SMP00130 Link Image map00140 Link Image
General References
  1. Al-Damluji S, Iveson T, Thomas JM, Pendlebury DJ, Rees LH, Besser GM: Food-induced cortisol secretion is mediated by central alpha-1 adrenoceptor modulation of pituitary ACTH secretion. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1987 May;26(5):629-36. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Krahwinkel T, Nastali S, Azrak B, Willershausen B: The effect of examination stress conditions on the cortisol content of saliva - a study of students from clinical semesters. Eur J Med Res. 2004 May 28;9(5):256-60. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Rubin RT, Miller TH, Rhodes ME, Czambel RK: Adrenal cortical responses to low- and high-dose ACTH(1-24) administration in major depressives vs. matched controls. Psychiatry Res. 2006 Jun 30;143(1):43-50. Epub 2006 May 16. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Morris JG, Nevill ME, Boobis LH, Macdonald IA, Williams C: Muscle metabolism, temperature, and function during prolonged, intermittent, high-intensity running in air temperatures of 33 degrees and 17 degrees C. Int J Sports Med. 2005 Dec;26(10):805-14. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Deuschle M, Lecei O, Stalla GK, Landgraf R, Hamann B, Lederbogen F, Uhr M, Luppa P, Maras A, Colla M, Heuser I: Steroid synthesis inhibition with ketoconazole and its effect upon the regulation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal system in healthy humans. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2003 Feb;28(2):379-83. Epub 2002 Aug 12. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Clauss SB, Holmes KW, Hopkins P, Stein E, Cho M, Tate A, Johnson-Levonas AO, Kwiterovich PO: Efficacy and safety of lovastatin therapy in adolescent girls with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. Pediatrics. 2005 Sep;116(3):682-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  7. Stark JG, Werner S, Homrighausen S, Tang Y, Krieg M, Derendorf H, Moellmann H, Hochhaus G: Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modeling of total lymphocytes and selected subtypes after oral budesonide. J Pharmacokinet Pharmacodyn. 2006 Aug;33(4):441-59. Epub 2006 Apr 22. [PubMed Link Image]
  8. Schwarz S, Pohl P: Steroid hormones and steroid hormone binding globulins in cerebrospinal fluid studied in individuals with intact and with disturbed blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier. Neuroendocrinology. 1992 Feb;55(2):174-82. [PubMed Link Image]
  9. Makras P, Koukoulis GN, Bourikas G, Papatheodorou G, Bedevis K, Menounos P, Pappas D, Kartalis G: Effect of 4 weeks of basic military training on peripheral blood leucocytes and urinary excretion of catecholamines and cortisol. J Sports Sci. 2005 Aug;23(8):825-34. [PubMed Link Image]
  10. Costa A, Benedetto C, Fabris C, Giraudi GF, Testori O, Bertino E, Marozio L, Varvello G, Arisio R, Ariano M, Emanuel A: Cortisol in human tissues at different stages of life. J Endocrinol Invest. 1996 Jul-Aug;19(7):463-71. [PubMed Link Image]
  11. Targher G, Bertolini L, Zoppini G, Zenari L, Falezza G: Relationship of non-alcoholic hepatic steatosis to cortisol secretion in diet-controlled Type 2 diabetic patients. Diabet Med. 2005 Sep;22(9):1146-50. [PubMed Link Image]
  12. Pruessner JC, Baldwin MW, Dedovic K, Renwick R, Mahani NK, Lord C, Meaney M, Lupien S: Self-esteem, locus of control, hippocampal volume, and cortisol regulation in young and old adulthood. Neuroimage. 2005 Dec;28(4):815-26. Epub 2005 Jul 14. [PubMed Link Image]
  13. Whorwood CB, Donovan SJ, Flanagan D, Phillips DI, Byrne CD: Increased glucocorticoid receptor expression in human skeletal muscle cells may contribute to the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome. Diabetes. 2002 Apr;51(4):1066-75. [PubMed Link Image]
  14. Takahashi T, Ikeda K, Ishikawa M, Tsukasaki T, Nakama D, Tanida S, Kameda T: Social stress-induced cortisol elevation acutely impairs social memory in humans. Neurosci Lett. 2004 Jun 10;363(2):125-30. [PubMed Link Image]
  15. Chapman TE, Kraan GP, Nagel GT, Wolthers BG, Drayer NM: Measurement of the cortisol production rate in two sisters with 17 alpha-hydroxylase deficiency using [1,2,3,4-13C]cortisol and isotope dilution mass spectrometry. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 1991 Apr;38(4):489-96. [PubMed Link Image]
  16. Heckmann M, Wudy SA, Haack D, Pohlandt F: Reference range for serum cortisol in well preterm infants. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 1999 Nov;81(3):F171-4. [PubMed Link Image]
  17. Turpeinen U, Markkanen H, Valimaki M, Stenman UH: Determination of urinary free cortisol by HPLC. Clin Chem. 1997 Aug;43(8 Pt 1):1386-91. [PubMed Link Image]
  18. Chrousos GP, Ghaly L, Shedden A, Iezzoni DG, Harris AG: Effects of mometasone furoate dry powder inhaler and beclomethasone dipropionate hydrofluoroalkane and chlorofluorocarbon on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in asthmatic subjects. Chest. 2005 Jul;128(1):70-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  19. Ritsner M, Gibel A, Maayan R, Ratner Y, Ram E, Biadsy H, Modai I, Weizman A: Cortisol/dehydroepiandrosterone ratio and responses to antipsychotic treatment in schizophrenia. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2005 Oct;30(10):1913-22. [PubMed Link Image]
  20. Seidegard J, Dahlstrom K, Kullberg A: Effect of grapefruit juice on urinary 6 beta-hydroxycortisol/cortisol excretion. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 1998 May;25(5):379-81. [PubMed Link Image]
  21. Wikipedia Link Image
Metabolic Enzymes
  1. Cytochrome P450 11B1, mitochondrial precursor
  2. 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/Delta 5-->4-isomerase type I
  3. Corticosteroid 11-beta-dehydrogenase isozyme 1
  4. Corticotropin-lipotropin precursor
  5. Glucocorticoid receptor
  6. Mineralocorticoid receptor
  7. Cytochrome P450, family 11, subfamily B, polypeptide 1
  8. Cytochrome P450 21-hydroxylase
  9. HSD3B2 protein
  10. Cytochrome P450, family 21, subfamily A, polypeptide 2
  11. Hydroxysteroid (11-beta) dehydrogenase 2
  12. Mitochondrial cytochrome P450, family 11, subfamily B, polypeptide 2 (Cytochrome P450, family 11, subfamily B, polypeptide 2)
  13. cDNA, FLJ94621, Homo sapiens hydroxysteroid (11-beta) dehydrogenase 1 (HSD11B1), mRNA (Hydroxysteroid (11-beta) dehydrogenase 1, isoform CRA_a)
Enzyme 1 [top]
Enzyme 1 ID 5683
Enzyme 1 Name Cytochrome P450 11B1, mitochondrial precursor
Enzyme 1 Synonyms
  1. CYPXIB1
  2. P450C11
  3. P-450c11
  4. Steroid 11-beta-hydroxylase
Enzyme 1 Gene Name CYP11B1
Enzyme 1 Protein Sequence >Cytochrome P450 11B1, mitochondrial precursor 
MALRAKAEVCMAVPWLSLQRAQALGTRAARVPRTVLPFEAMPQRPGNRWLRLLQIWREQG
YEDLHLEVHQTFQELGPIFRYDLGGAGMVCVMLPEDVEKLQQVDSLHPHRMSLEPWVAYR
QHRGHKCGVFLLNGPEWRFNRLRLNPEVLSPNAVQRFLPMVDAVARDFSQALKKKVLQNA
RGSLTLDVQPSIFHYTIEASNLALFGERLGLVGHSPSSASLNFLHALEVMFKSTVQLMFM
PRSLSRWTSPKVWKEHFEAWDCIFQYGDNCIQKIYQELAFSRPQQYTSIVAELLLNAELS
PDAIKANSMELTAGSVDTTVFPLLMTLFELARNPNVQQALRQESLAAAASISEHPQKATT
ELPLLRAALKETLRLYPVGLFLERVVSSDLVLQNYHIPAGTLVRVFLYSLGRNPALFPRP
ERYNPQRWLDIRGSGRNFYHVPFGFGMRQCLGRRLAEAEMLLLLHHVLKHLQVETLTQED
IKMVYSFILRPSMCPLLTFRAIN
Enzyme 1 Number of Residues 503
Enzyme 1 Molecular Weight 57530
Enzyme 1 Theoretical pI 9.42
Enzyme 1 GO Classification
Function
  • binding
  • catalytic activity
  • cation binding
  • heme binding
  • ion binding
  • iron ion binding
  • monooxygenase activity
  • oxidoreductase activity
  • tetrapyrrole binding
  • transition metal ion binding
Process
  • cellular metabolism
  • electron transport
  • generation of precursor metabolites and energy
  • metabolism
  • physiological process
Component
—
Enzyme 1 General Function Secondary metabolites biosynthesis, transport and catabolism
Enzyme 1 Specific Function Has steroid 11-beta-hydroxylase activity. In addition to this activity, the 18 or 19-hydroxylation of steroids and the aromatization of androstendione to estrone have also been ascribed to cytochrome P450 XIB
Enzyme 1 Pathways
Enzyme 1 Reactions
  • a steroid + reduced adrenal ferredoxin + O2 = an 11beta-hydroxysteroid + oxidized adrenal ferredoxin + H2O
Enzyme 1 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 1 Signals
  • 1-23
Enzyme 1 Transmembrane Regions Not Available
Enzyme 1 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 1 GenBank ID Protein 181333 Link Image
Enzyme 1 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P15538 Link Image
Enzyme 1 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name C11B1_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 1 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 1 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 1 Gene Sequence >1512 bp 
ATGGCACTCAGGGCAAAGGCAGAGGTGTGCATGGCAGTGCCCTGGCTGTCCCTGCAAAGG
GCACAGGCACTGGGCACGAGAGCCGCCCGGGTCCCCAGGACAGTGCTGCCCTTTGAAGCC
ATGCCCCGGCGTCCAGGCAACAGGTGGCTGAGGCTGCTGCAGATCTGGAGGGAGCAGGGT
TATGAGGACCTGCACCTGGAAGTACACCAGACCTTCCAGGAACTGGGGCCCATTTTCAGG
TACGATTTGGGAGGAGCAGGCATGGTGTGTGTGATGCTGCCGGAGGACGTGGAGAAGCTG
CAACAGGTGGACAGCCTGCATCCCCACAGGATGAGCCTGGAGCCCTGGGTGGCCTACAGA
CAACATCGTGGGCACAAATGTGGCGTGTTCTTGCTGAATGGGCCTGAATGGCGCTTCAAC
CGATTGCGGCTGAATCCAGAAGTGCTGTCGCCCAACGCTGTGCAGAGGTTCCTCCCGATG
GTGGATGCAGTGGCCAGGGACTTCTCCCAGGCCCTGAAGAAGAAGGTGCTGCAGAACGCC
CGGGGGAGCCTGACCCTGGACGTCCAGCCCAGCATCTTCCACTACACCATAGAAGCCAGC
AACTTGGCTCTTTTTGGAGAGCGGCTGGGCCTGGTTGGCCACAGCCCCAGTTCTGCCAGC
CTGAACTTCCTCCATGCCCTGGAGGTCATGTTCAAATCCACCGTCCAGCTCATGTTCATG
CCCAGGAGCCTGTCTCGCTGGACCAGCCCCAAGGTGTGGAAGGAGCACTTTGAGGCCTGG
GACTGCATCTTCCAGTACGGCGACAACTGTATCCAGAAAATCTATCAGGAACTGGCCTTC
AGCCGCCCTCAACAGTACACCAGCATCGTGGCGGAGCTCCTGTTGAATGCGGAACTGTCG
CCAGATGCCATCAAGGCCAACTCTATGGAACTCACTGCAGGGAGCGTGGACACGACGGTG
TTTCCCTTGCTGATGACGCTCTTTGAGCTGGCTCGGAACCCCAACGTGCAGCAGGCCCTG
CGCCAGGAGAGCCTGGCCGCCGCAGCCAGCATCAGTGAACATCCCCAGAAGGCAACCACC
GAGCTGCCCTTGCTGCGTGCGGCCCTCAAGGAGACCTTGCGGCTCTACCCTGTGGGTCTG
TTTCTGGAGCGAGTGGCGAGCTCAGACTTGGTGCTTCAGAACTACCACATCCCAGCTGGG
ACATTGGTGCGCGTGTTCCTCTACTCTCTGGGTCGCAACCCCGCCTTGTTCCCGAGGCCT
GAGCGCTATAACCCCCAGCGCTGGCTAGACATCAGGGGCTCCGGCAGGAACTTCTACCAC
GTGCCCTTTGGCTTTGGCATGCGCCAGTGCCTTGGGCGGCGCCTGGCAGAGGCAGAGATG
CTGCTGCTGCTGCACCATGTGCTGAAACACCTCCAGGTGGAGACACTAACCCAAGAGGAC
ATAAAGATGGTCTACAGCTTCATATTGAGGCCCAGCATGTGCCCCCTCCTCACCTTCAGA
GCCATCAACTAA
Enzyme 1 GenBank Gene ID M32879 Link Image
Enzyme 1 GeneCard ID CYP11B1 Link Image
Enzyme 1 GenAtlas ID CYP11B1 Link Image
Enzyme 1 HGNC ID HGNC:2591 Link Image
Enzyme 1 Chromosome Location 8
Enzyme 1 Locus 8q21
Enzyme 1 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 1 General References
  1. Mornet E, Dupont J, Vitek A, White PC: Characterization of two genes encoding human steroid 11 beta-hydroxylase (P-450(11) beta). J Biol Chem. 1989 Dec 15;264(35):20961-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Kawamoto T, Mitsuuchi Y, Toda K, Miyahara K, Yokoyama Y, Nakao K, Hosoda K, Yamamoto Y, Imura H, Shizuta Y: Cloning of cDNA and genomic DNA for human cytochrome P-45011 beta. FEBS Lett. 1990 Sep 3;269(2):345-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Naiki Y, Kawamoto T, Mitsuuchi Y, Miyahara K, Toda K, Orii T, Imura H, Shizuta Y: A nonsense mutation (TGG [Trp116]-->TAG [Stop]) in CYP11B1 causes steroid 11 beta-hydroxylase deficiency. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1993 Dec;77(6):1677-82. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Chua SC, Szabo P, Vitek A, Grzeschik KH, John M, White PC: Cloning of cDNA encoding steroid 11 beta-hydroxylase (P450c11). Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Oct;84(20):7193-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Kawamoto T, Mitsuuchi Y, Toda K, Yokoyama Y, Miyahara K, Miura S, Ohnishi T, Ichikawa Y, Nakao K, Imura H, et al.: Role of steroid 11 beta-hydroxylase and steroid 18-hydroxylase in the biosynthesis of glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids in humans. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Feb 15;89(4):1458-62. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. White PC, Dupont J, New MI, Leiberman E, Hochberg Z, Rosler A: A mutation in CYP11B1 (Arg-448----His) associated with steroid 11 beta-hydroxylase deficiency in Jews of Moroccan origin. J Clin Invest. 1991 May;87(5):1664-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  7. Joehrer K, Geley S, Strasser-Wozak EM, Azziz R, Wollmann HA, Schmitt K, Kofler R, White PC: CYP11B1 mutations causing non-classic adrenal hyperplasia due to 11 beta-hydroxylase deficiency. Hum Mol Genet. 1997 Oct;6(11):1829-34. [PubMed Link Image]
  8. Loidi L, Quinteiro C, Barros F, Dominguez F, Barreiro J, Pombo M: The C494F variant in the CYP11B1 gene is a sequence polymorphism in the Spanish population. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1999 Dec;84(12):4749. [PubMed Link Image]
  9. Cargill M, Altshuler D, Ireland J, Sklar P, Ardlie K, Patil N, Shaw N, Lane CR, Lim EP, Kalyanaraman N, Nemesh J, Ziaugra L, Friedland L, Rolfe A, Warrington J, Lipshutz R, Daley GQ, Lander ES: Characterization of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in coding regions of human genes. Nat Genet. 1999 Jul;22(3):231-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  10. Halushka MK, Fan JB, Bentley K, Hsie L, Shen N, Weder A, Cooper R, Lipshutz R, Chakravarti A: Patterns of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in candidate genes for blood-pressure homeostasis. Nat Genet. 1999 Jul;22(3):239-47. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 1 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 2 [top]
Enzyme 2 ID 5738
Enzyme 2 Name 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/Delta 5-->4-isomerase type I
Enzyme 2 Synonyms
  1. 3- beta-HSD I
  2. Trophoblast antigen FDO161G[Includes: 3-beta-hydroxy- Delta(5-steroid dehydrogenase
  3. 3-beta-hydroxy-5-ene steroid dehydrogenase
  4. Progesterone reductase
  5. Steroid Delta- isomerase
  6. Delta-5-3-ketosteroid isomerase]
Enzyme 2 Gene Name HSD3B1
Enzyme 2 Protein Sequence >4-isomerase type I 
MTGWSCLVTGAGGFLGQRIIRLLVKEKELKEIRVLDKAFGPELREEFSKLQNKTKLTVLE
GDILDEPFLKRACQDVSVIIHTACIIDVFGVTHRESIMNVNVKGTQLLLEACVQASVPVF
IYTSSIEVAGPNSYKEIIQNGHEEEPLENTWPAPYPHSKKLAEKAVLAANGWNLKNGGTL
YTCALRPMYIYGEGSRFLSASINEALNNNGILSSVGKFSTVNPVYVGNVAWAHILALRAL
QDPKKAPSIRGQFYYISDDTPHQSYDNLNYTLSKEFGLRLDSRWSFPLSLMYWIGFLLEI
VSFLLRPIYTYRPPFNRHIVTLSNSVFTFSYKKAQRDLAYKPLYSWEEAKQKTVEWVGSL
VDRHKETLKSKTQ
Enzyme 2 Number of Residues 373
Enzyme 2 Molecular Weight 42252
Enzyme 2 Theoretical pI 8.98
Enzyme 2 GO Classification
Function
  • 3-beta-hydroxy-delta5-steroid dehydrogenase activity
  • catalytic activity
  • intramolecular oxidoreductase activity
  • intramolecular oxidoreductase activity, transposing C=C bonds
  • isomerase activity
  • oxidoreductase activity
  • oxidoreductase activity, acting on CH-OH group of donors
  • oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-OH group of donors, NAD or NADP as acceptor
  • steroid dehydrogenase activity
  • steroid delta-isomerase activity
Process
  • cellular lipid metabolism
  • lipid metabolism
  • metabolism
  • physiological process
  • primary metabolism
  • steroid biosynthesis
  • steroid metabolism
Component
—
Enzyme 2 General Function Cell wall/membrane/envelope biogenesis
Enzyme 2 Specific Function 3-beta-HSD is a bifunctional enzyme, that catalyzes the oxidative conversion of Delta(5)-ene-3-beta-hydroxy steroid, and the oxidative conversion of ketosteroids. The 3-beta-HSD enzymatic system plays a crucial role in the biosynthesis of all classes of hormonal steroids
Enzyme 2 Pathways
Enzyme 2 Reactions
  • A 3-oxo-delta5-steroid = a 3-oxo-delta4-steroid
Enzyme 2 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 2 Signals
  • 1-13
Enzyme 2 Transmembrane Regions
  • 288-308
Enzyme 2 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 2 GenBank ID Protein 306889 Link Image
Enzyme 2 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P14060 Link Image
Enzyme 2 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name 3BHS1_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 2 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 2 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 2 Gene Sequence >1122 bp 
ATGACGGGCTGGAGCTGCCTTGTGACAGGAGCAGGAGGGTTTCTGGGACAGAGGATCATC
CGCCTCTTGGTGAAGGAGAAGGAGCTGAAGGAGATCAGGGTCTTGGACAAGGCCTTCGGA
CCAGAATTGAGAGAGGAATTTTCTAAACTCCAGAACAAGACCAAGCTGACAGTGCTGGAA
GGAGACATTCTGGATGAGCCATTCCTGAAGAGAGCCTGCCAGGACGTCTCGGTCATCATC
CACACCGCCTGTATCATTGATGTCTTCGGTGTCACTCACAGAGAGTCTATCATGAATGTC
AATGTGAAAGGTACCCAGCTCCTGTTAGAGGCCTGTGTCCAAGCTAGTGTGCCAGTCTTC
ATCTACACCAGTAGCATAGAGGTAGCCGGGCCCAACTCCTACAAGGAAATCATCCAGAAT
GGCCATGAAGAAGAGCCTCTGGAAAACACATGGCCCGCTCCATACCCACACAGCAAAAAG
CTTGCTGAGAAGGCTGTACTGGCGGCTAACGGGTGGAATCTGAAAAACGGCGGCACCCTG
TACACTTGTGCCTTACGACCCATGTATATCTATGGGGAAGGAAGCCGATTCCTTTCTGCT
AGTATAAACGAGGCCCTGAACAACAATGGGATCCTGTCAAGTGTTGGAAAGTTCTCCACT
GTTAACCCAGTCTATGTTGGCAATGTGGCCTGGGCCCACATTCTGGCCTTGAGGGCCCTG
CAGGACCCCAAGAAGGCCCCAAGCATCCGAGGACAGTTCTACTATATCTCAGATGACACG
CCTCACCAAAGCTATGATAACCTTAATTACACCCTGAGCAAAGAGTTCGGCCTCCGCCTT
GATTCCAGATGGAGCTTTCCTTTATCCCTGATGTATTGGATTGGCTTCCTGCTGGAAATA
GTGAGCTTCCTACTCAGGCCAATTTACACCTATCGACCGCCCTTCAACCGCCACATAGTC
ACATTGTCAAATAGCGTATTCACCTTCTCTTATAAGAAGGCTCAGCGAGATCTGGCGTAT
AAGCCACTCTACAGCTGGGAGGAAGCCAAGCAGAAAACGGTGGAGTGGGTTGGTTCCCTT
GTGGACCGGCACAAGGAGACCCTGAAGTCCAAGACTCAGTGA
Enzyme 2 GenBank Gene ID M27137 Link Image
Enzyme 2 GeneCard ID HSD3B1 Link Image
Enzyme 2 GenAtlas ID HSD3B1 Link Image
Enzyme 2 HGNC ID HGNC:5217 Link Image
Enzyme 2 Chromosome Location Not Available
Enzyme 2 Locus Not Available
Enzyme 2 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 2 General References
  1. Luu The V, Lachance Y, Labrie C, Leblanc G, Thomas JL, Strickler RC, Labrie F: Full length cDNA structure and deduced amino acid sequence of human 3 beta-hydroxy-5-ene steroid dehydrogenase. Mol Endocrinol. 1989 Aug;3(8):1310-2. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Lorence MC, Murry BA, Trant JM, Mason JI: Human 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/delta 5----4isomerase from placenta: expression in nonsteroidogenic cells of a protein that catalyzes the dehydrogenation/isomerization of C21 and C19 steroids. Endocrinology. 1990 May;126(5):2493-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Lorence MC, Corbin CJ, Kamimura N, Mahendroo MS, Mason JI: Structural analysis of the gene encoding human 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/delta 5----4-isomerase. Mol Endocrinol. 1990 Dec;4(12):1850-5. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Lachance Y, Luu-The V, Labrie C, Simard J, Dumont M, de Launoit Y, Guerin S, Leblanc G, Labrie F: Characterization of human 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/delta 5-delta 4-isomerase gene and its expression in mammalian cells. J Biol Chem. 1990 Nov 25;265(33):20469-75. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Nickson DA, McBride MW, Zeinali S, Hawes CS, Petropoulos A, Mueller UW, Sutcliffe RG: Molecular cloning and expression of human trophoblast antigen FDO161G and its identification as 3 beta-hydroxy-5-ene steroid dehydrogenase. J Reprod Fertil. 1991 Sep;93(1):149-56. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Dumont M, Luu-The V, Dupont E, Pelletier G, Labrie F: Characterization, expression, and immunohistochemical localization of 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/delta 5-delta 4 isomerase in human skin. J Invest Dermatol. 1992 Oct;99(4):415-21. [PubMed Link Image]
  7. Cargill M, Altshuler D, Ireland J, Sklar P, Ardlie K, Patil N, Shaw N, Lane CR, Lim EP, Kalyanaraman N, Nemesh J, Ziaugra L, Friedland L, Rolfe A, Warrington J, Lipshutz R, Daley GQ, Lander ES: Characterization of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in coding regions of human genes. Nat Genet. 1999 Jul;22(3):231-8. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 2 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 3 [top]
Enzyme 3 ID 5992
Enzyme 3 Name Corticosteroid 11-beta-dehydrogenase isozyme 1
Enzyme 3 Synonyms
  1. 11-DH
  2. 11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1
  3. 11-beta-HSD1
Enzyme 3 Gene Name HSD11B1
Enzyme 3 Protein Sequence >Corticosteroid 11-beta-dehydrogenase isozyme 1 
MAFMKKYLLPILGLFMAYYYYSANEEFRPEMLQGKKVIVTGASKGIGREMAYHLAKMGAH
VVVTARSKETLQKVVSHCLELGAASAHYIAGTMEDMTFAEQFVAQAGKLMGGLDMLILNH
ITNTSLNLFHDDIHHVRKSMEVNFLSYVVLTVAALPMLKQSNGSIVVVSSLAGKVAYPMV
AAYSASKFALDGFFSSIRKEYSVSRVNVSITLCVLGLIDTETAMKAVSGIVHMQAAPKEE
CALEIIKGGALRQEEVYYDSSLWTTLLIRNPCRKILEFLYSTSYNMDRFINK
Enzyme 3 Number of Residues 292
Enzyme 3 Molecular Weight 32401
Enzyme 3 Theoretical pI 8.77
Enzyme 3 GO Classification
Function
  • catalytic activity
  • oxidoreductase activity
Process
  • metabolism
  • physiological process
Component
—
Enzyme 3 General Function Lipid transport and metabolism
Enzyme 3 Specific Function Catalyzes reversibly the conversion of cortisol to the inactive metabolite cortisone. Catalyzes reversibly the conversion of 7-ketocholesterol to 7-beta-hydroxycholesterol. In intact cells, the reaction runs only in one direction, from 7- ketocholesterol to 7-beta-hydroxycholesterol
Enzyme 3 Pathways
Enzyme 3 Reactions
  • an 11beta-hydroxysteroid + NADP+ = an 11-oxosteroid + NADPH + H+
Enzyme 3 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 3 Signals
  • 1-23
Enzyme 3 Transmembrane Regions Not Available
Enzyme 3 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 3 GenBank ID Protein 179475 Link Image
Enzyme 3 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P28845 Link Image
Enzyme 3 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name DHI1_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 3 PDB ID 1XU9 Link Image
Enzyme 3 PDB File Show
Enzyme 3 3D Structure
Enzyme 3 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 3 Gene Sequence >879 bp 
ATGGCTTTTATGAAAAAATATCTCCTCCCCATTCTGGGGCTCTTCATGGCCTACTACTAC
TATTCTGCAAACGAGGAATTCAGACCAGAGATGCTCCAAGGAAAGAAAGTGATTGTCACA
GGGGCCAGCAAAGGGATCGGAAGAGAGATGGCTTATCATCTGGCGAAGATGGGAGCCCAT
GTGGTGGTGACAGCGAGGTCAAAAGAAACTCTACAGAAGGTGGTATCCCACTGCCTGGAG
CTTGGAGCAGCCTCAGCACACTACATTGCTGGCACCATGGAAGACATGACCTTCGCAGAG
CAATTTGTTGCCCAAGCAGGAAAGCTCATGGGAGGACTAGACATGCTCATTCTCAACCAC
ATCACCAACACTTCTTTGAATCTTTTTCATGATGATATTCACCATGTGCGCAAAAGCATG
GAAGTCAACTTCCTCAGTTACGTGGTCCTGACTGTAGCTGCCTTGCCCATGCTGAAGCAG
AGCAATGGAAGCATTGTTGTCGTCTCCTCTCTGGCTGGGAAAGTGGCTTATCCAATGGTT
GCTGCCTATTCTGCAAGCAAGTTTGCTTTGGATGGGTTCTTCTCCTCCATCAGAAAGGAA
TATTCAGTGTCCAGGGTCAATGTATCAATCACTCTCTGTGTTCTTGGCCTCATAGACACA
GAAACAGCCATGAAGGCAGTTTCTGGGATAGTCCATATGCAAGCAGCTCCAAAGGAGGAA
TGTGCCCTGGAGATCATCAAAGGGGGAGCTCTGCGCCAAGAAGAAGTGTATTATGACAGC
TCACTCTGGACCACTCTTCTGATCAGAAATCCATGCAGGAAGATCCTGGAATTTCTCTAC
TCAACGAGCTATAATATGGACAGATTCATAAACAAGTAG
Enzyme 3 GenBank Gene ID M76665 Link Image
Enzyme 3 GeneCard ID HSD11B1 Link Image
Enzyme 3 GenAtlas ID HSD11B1 Link Image
Enzyme 3 HGNC ID HGNC:5208 Link Image
Enzyme 3 Chromosome Location 1
Enzyme 3 Locus 1q32-q41
Enzyme 3 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 3 General References
  1. Tannin GM, Agarwal AK, Monder C, New MI, White PC: The human gene for 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. Structure, tissue distribution, and chromosomal localization. J Biol Chem. 1991 Sep 5;266(25):16653-8. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 3 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 4 [top]
Enzyme 4 ID 7197
Enzyme 4 Name Corticotropin-lipotropin precursor
Enzyme 4 Synonyms
  1. Pro-opiomelanocortin
  2. POMC[Contains: NPP
  3. Melanotropin gamma
  4. Gamma-MSH
  5. Potential peptide
  6. Corticotropin
  7. Adrenocorticotropic hormone
  8. ACTH
  9. Melanotropin alpha
  10. Alpha-MSH
  11. Corticotropin-like intermediary peptide
  12. CLIP
  13. Lipotropin beta
  14. Beta-LPH
  15. Lipotropin gamma
  16. Gamma-LPH
  17. Melanotropin beta
  18. Beta-MSH
  19. Beta-endorphin
  20. Met-enkephalin]
Enzyme 4 Gene Name POMC
Enzyme 4 Protein Sequence >Corticotropin-lipotropin precursor 
MPRSCCSRSGALLLALLLQASMEVRGWCLESSQCQDLTTESNLLECIRACKPDLSAETPM
FPGNGDEQPLTENPRKYVMGHFRWDRFGRRNSSSSGSSGAGQKREDVSAGEDCGPLPEGG
PEPRSDGAKPGPREGKRSYSMEHFRWGKPVGKKRRPVKVYPNGAEDESAEAFPLEFKREL
TGQRLREGDGPDGPADDGAGAQADLEHSLLVAAEKKDEGPYRMEHFRWGSPPKDKRYGGF
MTSEKSQTPLVTLFKNAIIKNAYKKGE
Enzyme 4 Number of Residues 267
Enzyme 4 Molecular Weight 29424
Enzyme 4 Theoretical pI 7.75
Enzyme 4 GO Classification
Function
  • hormone activity
  • receptor binding
  • signal transducer activity
Process
—
Component
  • extracellular region
Enzyme 4 General Function Not Available
Enzyme 4 Specific Function Beta-endorphin and Met-enkephalin are endogenous opiates
Enzyme 4 Pathways Not Available
Enzyme 4 Reactions Not Available
Enzyme 4 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 4 Signals
  • 1-26
Enzyme 4 Transmembrane Regions Not Available
Enzyme 4 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 4 GenBank ID Protein 190188 Link Image
Enzyme 4 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P01189 Link Image
Enzyme 4 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name COLI_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 4 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 4 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 4 Gene Sequence >789 bp 
TGCAGCCGCTCGGGGGCCCTGTTGCTGGCCTTGCTGCTTCAGGCCTCCATGGAAGTGCGT
GGCTGGTGCCTGGAGAGCAGCCAGTGTCAGGACCTCACCACGGAAAGCAACCTGCTGGAG
TGCATCCGGGCCTGCAAGCCCGACCTCTCGGCCGAGACTCCCATGTTCCCGGGAAATGGC
GACGAGCAGCCTCTGACCGAGAACCCCCGGAAGTACGTCATGGGCCACTTCCGCTGGGAC
CGATTCGGCCGCCGCAACAGCAGCAGCAGCGGCAGCAGCGGCGCAGGGCAGAAGCGCGAG
GACGTCTCAGCGGGCGAAGACTGCGGCCCGCTGCCTGAGGGCGGCCCCGAGCCCCGCAGC
GATGGTGCCAAGCCGGGCCCGCGCGAGGGCAAGCGCTCCTACTCCATGGAGCACTTCCGC
TGGGGCAAGCCGGTGGGCAAGAAGCGGCGCCCAGTGAAGGTGTACCCTAACGGCGCCGAG
GACGAGTCGGCCGAGGCCTTCCCCCTGGAGTTCAAGAGGGAGCTGACTGGCCAGCGACTC
CGGGAGGGAGATGGCCCCGACGGCCCTGCCGATGACGGCGCAGGGGCCCAGGCCGACCTG
GAGCACAGCCTGCTGGTGGCGGCCGAGAAGAAGGACGAGGGCCCCTACAGGATGGAGCAC
TTCCGCTGGGGCAGCCCGCCCAAGGACAAGCGCTACGGCGGTTTCATGACCTCCGAGAAG
AGCCAGACGCCCCTGGTGACGCTGTTCAAAAACGCCATCATCAAGAACGCCTACAAGAAG
GGCGAGTGA
Enzyme 4 GenBank Gene ID M38297 Link Image
Enzyme 4 GeneCard ID POMC Link Image
Enzyme 4 GenAtlas ID POMC Link Image
Enzyme 4 HGNC ID HGNC:9201 Link Image
Enzyme 4 Chromosome Location 2
Enzyme 4 Locus 2p23.3
Enzyme 4 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 4 General References
  1. Takahashi H, Teranishi Y, Nakanishi S, Numa S: Isolation and structural organization of the human corticotropin--beta-lipotropin precursor gene. FEBS Lett. 1981 Nov 30;135(1):97-102. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Whitfeld PL, Seeburg PH, Shine J: The human pro-opiomelanocortin gene: organization, sequence, and interspersion with repetitive DNA. DNA. 1982;1(2):133-43. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Takahashi H, Hakamata Y, Watanabe Y, Kikuno R, Miyata T, Numa S: Complete nucleotide sequence of the human corticotropin-beta-lipotropin precursor gene. Nucleic Acids Res. 1983 Oct 11;11(19):6847-58. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Golovin SIa, Karginov VA, Bondar' AA, Beklemishev AB, Chekhranova MK: [Synthesis, cloning and primary structure of DNA complementary to mRNA for human pituitary pro-opiomelanocortin] Bioorg Khim. 1987 Apr;13(4):562-4. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Chang AC, Cochet M, Cohen SN: Structural organization of human genomic DNA encoding the pro-opiomelanocortin peptide. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1980 Aug;77(8):4890-4. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Seidah NG, Chretien M: Complete amino acid sequence of a human pituitary glycopeptide: an important maturation product of pro-opiomelanocortin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1981 Jul;78(7):4236-40. [PubMed Link Image]
  7. Seidah NG, Rochemont J, Hamelin J, Lis M, Chretien M: Primary structure of the major human pituitary pro-opiomelanocortin NH2-terminal glycopeptide. Evidence for an aldosterone-stimulating activity. J Biol Chem. 1981 Aug 10;256(15):7977-84. [PubMed Link Image]
  8. Seidah NG, Rochemont J, Hamelin J, Benjannet S, Chretien M: The missing fragment of the pro-sequence of human pro-opiomelanocortin: sequence and evidence for C-terminal amidation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1981 Sep 30;102(2):710-6. [PubMed Link Image]
  9. Bennett HP, Lowry PJ, McMartin C: Confirmation of the 1-20 amino acid sequence of human adrenocorticotrophin. Biochem J. 1973 May;133(1):11-3. [PubMed Link Image]
  10. Riniker B, Sieber P, Rittel W, Zuber H: Revised amino-acid sequences for porcine and human adrenocorticotrophic hormone. Nat New Biol. 1972 Jan 26;235(56):114-5. [PubMed Link Image]
  11. Sieber P, Rittel W, Riniker B: [Synthesis of the human adrenal cortex hormone ( h ACTH) with a revised amino acid sequence] Helv Chim Acta. 1972;55(4):1243-66. [PubMed Link Image]
  12. Yamashiro D, Li CH: Adrenocorticotropins. 44. Total synthesis of the human hormone by the solid-phase method. J Am Chem Soc. 1973 Feb 21;95(4):1310-5. [PubMed Link Image]
  13. Li CH, Chung D: Primary structure of human beta-lipotropin. Nature. 1976 Apr 15;260(5552):622-4. [PubMed Link Image]
  14. Dragon N, Seidah NG, Lis M, Routhier R, Chretien M: Primary structure and morphine-like activity of human beta-endorphin. Can J Biochem. 1977 Jun;55(6):666-70. [PubMed Link Image]
  15. Bovenberg RA, Burbach JP, Wiegant VM, Veeneman GH, van Boom JH, Baas PD, Jansz HS, de Wied D: gamma-Endorphin and schizophrenia: amino acid composition of gamma-endorphin and nucleotide sequence of gamma-endorphin cDNA from pituitary glands of schizophrenic patients. Brain Res. 1986 Jun 18;376(1):29-37. [PubMed Link Image]
  16. Fenger M, Johnsen AH: Alpha-amidated peptides derived from pro-opiomelanocortin in normal human pituitary. Biochem J. 1988 Mar 15;250(3):781-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  17. Morris JC, Savva D, Lowry PJ: Reduced expression of a naturally deleted form of human proopiomelanocortin complementary deoxyribonucleic acid after transfection into Chinese hamster ovary cells. Endocrinology. 1995 Jan;136(1):195-201. [PubMed Link Image]
  18. Hinney A, Becker I, Heibult O, Nottebom K, Schmidt A, Ziegler A, Mayer H, Siegfried W, Blum WF, Remschmidt H, Hebebrand J: Systematic mutation screening of the pro-opiomelanocortin gene: identification of several genetic variants including three different insertions, one nonsense and two missense point mutations in probands of different weight extremes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1998 Oct;83(10):3737-41. [PubMed Link Image]
  19. Echwald SM, Sorensen TI, Andersen T, Tybjaerg-Hansen A, Clausen JO, Pedersen O: Mutational analysis of the proopiomelanocortin gene in Caucasians with early onset obesity. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 1999 Mar;23(3):293-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  20. Miraglia del Giudice E, Cirillo G, Santoro N, D'Urso L, Carbone MT, Di Toro R, Perrone L: Molecular screening of the proopiomelanocortin (POMC ) gene in Italian obese children: report of three new mutations. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2001 Jan;25(1):61-7. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 4 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 5 [top]
Enzyme 5 ID 7297
Enzyme 5 Name Glucocorticoid receptor
Enzyme 5 Synonyms
  1. GR
Enzyme 5 Gene Name NR3C1
Enzyme 5 Protein Sequence >Glucocorticoid receptor 
MDSKESLTPGREENPSSVLAQERGDVMDFYKTLRGGATVKVSASSPSLAVASQSDSKQRR
LLVDFPKGSVSNAQQPDLSKAVSLSMGLYMGETETKVMGNDLGFPQQGQISLSSGETDLK
LLEESIANLNRSTSVPENPKSSASTAVSAAPTEKEFPKTHSDVSSEQQHLKGQTGTNGGN
VKLYTTDQSTFDILQDLEFSSGSPGKETNESPWRSDLLIDENCLLSPLAGEDDSFLLEGN
SNEDCKPLILPDTKPKIKDNGDLVLSSPSNVTLPQVKTEKEDFIELCTPGVIKQEKLGTV
YCQASFPGANIIGNKMSAISVHGVSTSGGQMYHYDMNTASLSQQQDQKPIFNVIPPIPVG
SENWNRCQGSGDDNLTSLGTLNFPGRTVFSNGYSSPSMRPDVSSPPSSSSTATTGPPPKL
CLVCSDEASGCHYGVLTCGSCKVFFKRAVEGQHNYLCAGRNDCIIDKIRRKNCPACRYRK
CLQAGMNLEARKTKKKIKGIQQATTGVSQETSENPGNKTIVPATLPQLTPTLVSLLEVIE
PEVLYAGYDSSVPDSTWRIMTTLNMLGGRQVIAAVKWAKAIPGFRNLHLDDQMTLLQYSW
MFLMAFALGWRSYRQSSANLLCFAPDLIINEQRMTLPCMYDQCKHMLYVSSELHRLQVSY
EEYLCMKTLLLLSSVPKDGLKSQELFDEIRMTYIKELGKAIVKREGNSSQNWQRFYQLTK
LLDSMHEVVENLLNYCFQTFLDKTMSIEFPEMLAEIITNQIPKYSNGNIKKLLFHQK
Enzyme 5 Number of Residues 777
Enzyme 5 Molecular Weight 85660
Enzyme 5 Theoretical pI 6.31
Enzyme 5 GO Classification
Function
  • DNA binding
  • binding
  • glucocorticoid receptor activity
  • ligand-dependent nuclear receptor activity
  • nucleic acid binding
  • receptor activity
  • signal transducer activity
  • steroid binding
  • steroid hormone receptor activity
  • transcription factor activity
Process
  • regulation of biological process
  • regulation of cellular metabolism
  • regulation of metabolism
  • regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolism
  • regulation of physiological process
  • regulation of transcription
  • regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent
Component
  • intracellular membrane-bound organelle
  • membrane-bound organelle
  • nucleus
  • organelle
Enzyme 5 General Function Not Available
Enzyme 5 Specific Function Receptor for glucocorticoids (GC). Has a dual mode of action:as a transcription factor that binds to glucocorticoid response elements (GRE) and as a modulator of other transcription factors. Affects inflammatory responses, cellular proliferation and differentiation in target tissues. Could act as a coactivator for STAT5-dependent transcription upon growth hormone (GH) stimulation and could reveal an essential role of hepatic GR in the control of body growth
Enzyme 5 Pathways Not Available
Enzyme 5 Reactions Not Available
Enzyme 5 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 5 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 5 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 5 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 5 GenBank ID Protein 31680 Link Image
Enzyme 5 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P04150 Link Image
Enzyme 5 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name GCR_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 5 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 5 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 5 Gene Sequence >2334 bp 
ATGGACTCCAAAGAATCATTAACTCCTGGTAGAGAAGAAAACCCCAGCAGTGTGCTTGCT
CAGGAGAGGGGAGATGTGATGGACTTCTATAAAACCCTAAGAGGAGGAGCTACTGTGAAG
GTTTCTGCGTCTTCACCCTCACTGGCTGTCGCTTCTCAATCAGACTCCAAGCAGCGAAGA
CTTTTGGTTGATTTTCCAAAAGGCTCAGTAAGCAATGCGCAGCAGCCAGATCTGTCCAAA
GCAGTTTCACTCTCAATGGGACTGTATATGGGAGAGACAGAAACAAAAGTGATGGGAAAT
GACCTGGGATTCCCACAGCAGGGCCAAATCAGCCTTTCCTCGGGGGAAACAGACTTAAAG
CTTTTGGAAGAAAGCATTGCAAACCTCAATAGGTCGACCAGTGTTCCAGAGAACCCCAAG
AGTTCAGCATCCACTGCTGTGTCTGCTGCCCCCACAGAGAAGGAGTTTCCAAAAACTCAC
TCTGATGTATCTTCAGAACAGCAACATTTGAAGGGCCAGACTGGCACCAACGGTGGCAAT
GTGAAATTGTATACCACAGACCAAAGCACCTTTGACATTTTGCAGGATTTGGAGTTTTCT
TCTGGGTCCCCAGGTAAAGAGACGAATGAGAGTCCTTGGAGATCAGACCTGTTGATAGAT
GAAAACTGTTTGCTTTCTCCTCTGGCGGGAGAAGACGATTCATTCCTTTTGGAAGGAAAC
TCGAATGAGGACTGCAAGCCTCTCATTTTACCGGACACTAAACCCAAAATTAAGGATAAT
GGAGATCTGGTTTTGTCAAGCCCCAGTAATGTAACACTGCCCCAAGTGAAAACAGAAAAA
GAAGATTTCATCGAACTCTGCACCCCTGGGGTAATTAAGCAAGAGAAACTGGGCACAGTT
TACTGTCAGGCAAGCTTTCCTGGAGCAAATATAATTGGTAATAAAATGTCTGCCATTTCT
GTTCATGGTGTGAGTACCTCTGGAGGACAGATGTACCACTATGACATGAATACAGCATCC
CTTTCTCAACAGCAGGATCAGAAGCCTATTTTTAATGTCATTCCACCAATTCCCGTTGGT
TCCGAAAATTGGAATAGGTGCCAAGGATCTGGAGATGACAACTTGACTTCTCTGGGGACT
CTGAACTTCCCTGGTCGAACAGTTTTTTCTAATGGCTATTCAAGCCCCAGCATGAGACCA
GATGTAAGCTCTCCTCCATCCAGCTCCTCAACAGCAACAACAGGACCACCTCCCAAACTC
TGCCTGGTGTGCTCTGATGAAGCTTCAGGATGTCATTATGGAGTCTTAACTTGTGGAAGC
TGTAAAGTTTTCTTCAAAAGAGCAGTGGAAGGACAGCACAATTACCTATGTGCTGGAAGG
AATGATTGCATCATCGATAAAATTCGAAGAAAAAACTGCCCAGCATGCCGCTATCGAAAA
TGTCTTCAGGCTGGAATGAACCTGGAAGCTCGAAAAACAAAGAAAAAAATAAAAGGAATT
CAGCAGGCCACTACAGGAGTCTCACAAGAAACCTCTGAAAATCCTGGTAACAAAACAATA
GTTCCTGCAACGTTACCACAACTCACCCCTACCCTGGTGTCACTGTTGGAGGTTATTGAA
CCTGAAGTGTTATATGCAGGATATGATAGCTCTGTTCCAGACTCAACTTGGAGGATCATG
ACTACGCTCAACATGTTAGGAGGGCGGCAAGTGATTGCAGCAGTGAAATGGGCAAAGGCA
ATACCAGGTTTCAGGAACTTACACCTGGATGACCAAATGACCCTACTGCAGTACTCCTGG
ATGTTTCTTATGGCATTTGCTCTGGGGTGGAGATCATATAGACAATCAAGTGCAAACCTG
CTGTGTTTTGCTCCTGATCTGATTATTAATGAGCAGAGAATGACTCTACCCTGCATGTAC
GACCAATGTAAACACATGCTGTATGTTTCCTCTGAGTTACACAGGCTTCAGGTATCTTAT
GAAGAGTATCTCTGTATGAAAACCTTACTGCTTCTCTCTTCAGTTCCTAAGGACGGTCTG
AAGAGCCAAGAGCTATTTGATGAAATTAGAATGACCTACATCAAAGAGCTAGGAAAAGCC
ATTGTCAAGAGGGAAGGAAACTCCAGCCAGAACTGGCAGCGGTTTTATCAACTGACAAAA
CTCTTGGATTCTATGCATGAAGTGGTTGAAAATCTCCTTAACTATTGCTTCCAAACATTT
TTGGATAAGACCATGAGTATTGAATTCCCCGAGATGTTAGCTGAAATCATCACCAATCAG
ATACCAAAATATTCAAATGGAAATATCAAAAAACTTCTGTTTCATCAAAAGTGA
Enzyme 5 GenBank Gene ID X03225 Link Image
Enzyme 5 GeneCard ID NR3C1 Link Image
Enzyme 5 GenAtlas ID NR3C1 Link Image
Enzyme 5 HGNC ID HGNC:7978 Link Image
Enzyme 5 Chromosome Location 5
Enzyme 5 Locus 5q31.3
Enzyme 5 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 5 General References
  1. Hollenberg SM, Weinberger C, Ong ES, Cerelli G, Oro A, Lebo R, Thompson EB, Rosenfeld MG, Evans RM: Primary structure and expression of a functional human glucocorticoid receptor cDNA. Nature. 1985 Dec 19-1986 Jan 1;318(6047):635-41. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Encio IJ, Detera-Wadleigh SD: The genomic structure of the human glucocorticoid receptor. J Biol Chem. 1991 Apr 15;266(11):7182-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Leclerc S, Xie BX, Roy R, Govindan MV: Purification of a human glucocorticoid receptor gene promoter-binding protein. Production of polyclonal antibodies against the purified factor. J Biol Chem. 1991 May 15;266(14):8711-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Govindan MV, Pothier F, Leclerc S, Palaniswami R, Xie B: Human glucocorticoid receptor gene promotor-homologous down regulation. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 1991;40(1-3):317-23. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Yudt MR, Cidlowski JA: Molecular identification and characterization of a and b forms of the glucocorticoid receptor. Mol Endocrinol. 2001 Jul;15(7):1093-103. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Weinberger C, Hollenberg SM, Rosenfeld MG, Evans RM: Domain structure of human glucocorticoid receptor and its relationship to the v-erb-A oncogene product. Nature. 1985 Dec 19-1986 Jan 1;318(6047):670-2. [PubMed Link Image]
  7. Henriksson A, Almlof T, Ford J, McEwan IJ, Gustafsson JA, Wright AP: Role of the Ada adaptor complex in gene activation by the glucocorticoid receptor. Mol Cell Biol. 1997 Jun;17(6):3065-73. [PubMed Link Image]
  8. Fryer CJ, Archer TK: Chromatin remodelling by the glucocorticoid receptor requires the BRG1 complex. Nature. 1998 May 7;393(6680):88-91. [PubMed Link Image]
  9. Schneikert J, Hubner S, Martin E, Cato AC: A nuclear action of the eukaryotic cochaperone RAP46 in downregulation of glucocorticoid receptor activity. J Cell Biol. 1999 Sep 6;146(5):929-40. [PubMed Link Image]
  10. Rivers C, Levy A, Hancock J, Lightman S, Norman M: Insertion of an amino acid in the DNA-binding domain of the glucocorticoid receptor as a result of alternative splicing. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1999 Nov;84(11):4283-6. [PubMed Link Image]
  11. Moalli PA, Pillay S, Krett NL, Rosen ST: Alternatively spliced glucocorticoid receptor messenger RNAs in glucocorticoid-resistant human multiple myeloma cells. Cancer Res. 1993 Sep 1;53(17):3877-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  12. Kayes-Wandover KM, White PC: Steroidogenic enzyme gene expression in the human heart. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2000 Jul;85(7):2519-25. [PubMed Link Image]
  13. Mahajan MA, Samuels HH: A new family of nuclear receptor coregulators that integrate nuclear receptor signaling through CREB-binding protein. Mol Cell Biol. 2000 Jul;20(14):5048-63. [PubMed Link Image]
  14. Diamond MI, Robinson MR, Yamamoto KR: Regulation of expanded polyglutamine protein aggregation and nuclear localization by the glucocorticoid receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000 Jan 18;97(2):657-61. [PubMed Link Image]
  15. Wallace AD, Cidlowski JA: Proteasome-mediated glucocorticoid receptor degradation restricts transcriptional signaling by glucocorticoids. J Biol Chem. 2001 Nov 16;276(46):42714-21. Epub 2001 Sep 12. [PubMed Link Image]
  16. Strickland I, Kisich K, Hauk PJ, Vottero A, Chrousos GP, Klemm DJ, Leung DY: High constitutive glucocorticoid receptor beta in human neutrophils enables them to reduce their spontaneous rate of cell death in response to corticosteroids. J Exp Med. 2001 Mar 5;193(5):585-93. [PubMed Link Image]
  17. Tian S, Poukka H, Palvimo JJ, Janne OA: Small ubiquitin-related modifier-1 (SUMO-1) modification of the glucocorticoid receptor. Biochem J. 2002 Nov 1;367(Pt 3):907-11. [PubMed Link Image]
  18. Wang Z, Frederick J, Garabedian MJ: Deciphering the phosphorylation "code" of the glucocorticoid receptor in vivo. J Biol Chem. 2002 Jul 19;277(29):26573-80. Epub 2002 May 8. [PubMed Link Image]
  19. Wong CW, McNally C, Nickbarg E, Komm BS, Cheskis BJ: Estrogen receptor-interacting protein that modulates its nongenomic activity-crosstalk with Src/Erk phosphorylation cascade. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 Nov 12;99(23):14783-8. Epub 2002 Nov 1. [PubMed Link Image]
  20. Bledsoe RK, Montana VG, Stanley TB, Delves CJ, Apolito CJ, McKee DD, Consler TG, Parks DJ, Stewart EL, Willson TM, Lambert MH, Moore JT, Pearce KH, Xu HE: Crystal structure of the glucocorticoid receptor ligand binding domain reveals a novel mode of receptor dimerization and coactivator recognition. Cell. 2002 Jul 12;110(1):93-105. [PubMed Link Image]
  21. Kauppi B, Jakob C, Farnegardh M, Yang J, Ahola H, Alarcon M, Calles K, Engstrom O, Harlan J, Muchmore S, Ramqvist AK, Thorell S, Ohman L, Greer J, Gustafsson JA, Carlstedt-Duke J, Carlquist M: The three-dimensional structures of antagonistic and agonistic forms of the glucocorticoid receptor ligand-binding domain: RU-486 induces a transconformation that leads to active antagonism. J Biol Chem. 2003 Jun 20;278(25):22748-54. Epub 2003 Apr 9. [PubMed Link Image]
  22. Hurley DM, Accili D, Stratakis CA, Karl M, Vamvakopoulos N, Rorer E, Constantine K, Taylor SI, Chrousos GP: Point mutation causing a single amino acid substitution in the hormone binding domain of the glucocorticoid receptor in familial glucocorticoid resistance. J Clin Invest. 1991 Feb;87(2):680-6. [PubMed Link Image]
  23. Powers JH, Hillmann AG, Tang DC, Harmon JM: Cloning and expression of mutant glucocorticoid receptors from glucocorticoid-sensitive and -resistant human leukemic cells. Cancer Res. 1993 Sep 1;53(17):4059-65. [PubMed Link Image]
  24. Karl M, Lamberts SW, Detera-Wadleigh SD, Encio IJ, Stratakis CA, Hurley DM, Accili D, Chrousos GP: Familial glucocorticoid resistance caused by a splice site deletion in the human glucocorticoid receptor gene. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1993 Mar;76(3):683-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  25. Malchoff DM, Brufsky A, Reardon G, McDermott P, Javier EC, Bergh CH, Rowe D, Malchoff CD: A mutation of the glucocorticoid receptor in primary cortisol resistance. J Clin Invest. 1993 May;91(5):1918-25. [PubMed Link Image]
  26. Ashraf J, Thompson EB: Identification of the activation-labile gene: a single point mutation in the human glucocorticoid receptor presents as two distinct receptor phenotypes. Mol Endocrinol. 1993 May;7(5):631-42. [PubMed Link Image]
  27. Koper JW, Stolk RP, de Lange P, Huizenga NA, Molijn GJ, Pols HA, Grobbee DE, Karl M, de Jong FH, Brinkmann AO, Lamberts SW: Lack of association between five polymorphisms in the human glucocorticoid receptor gene and glucocorticoid resistance. Hum Genet. 1997 May;99(5):663-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  28. Cargill M, Altshuler D, Ireland J, Sklar P, Ardlie K, Patil N, Shaw N, Lane CR, Lim EP, Kalyanaraman N, Nemesh J, Ziaugra L, Friedland L, Rolfe A, Warrington J, Lipshutz R, Daley GQ, Lander ES: Characterization of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in coding regions of human genes. Nat Genet. 1999 Jul;22(3):231-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  29. Feng J, Zheng J, Bennett WP, Heston LL, Jones IR, Craddock N, Sommer SS: Five missense variants in the amino-terminal domain of the glucocorticoid receptor: no association with puerperal psychosis or schizophrenia. Am J Med Genet. 2000 Jun 12;96(3):412-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  30. Ruiz M, Lind U, Gafvels M, Eggertsen G, Carlstedt-Duke J, Nilsson L, Holtmann M, Stierna P, Wikstrom AC, Werner S: Characterization of two novel mutations in the glucocorticoid receptor gene in patients with primary cortisol resistance. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2001 Sep;55(3):363-71. [PubMed Link Image]
  31. Dobson MG, Redfern CP, Unwin N, Weaver JU: The N363S polymorphism of the glucocorticoid receptor: potential contribution to central obesity in men and lack of association with other risk factors for coronary heart disease and diabetes mellitus. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2001 May;86(5):2270-4. [PubMed Link Image]
  32. Kino T, Stauber RH, Resau JH, Pavlakis GN, Chrousos GP: Pathologic human GR mutant has a transdominant negative effect on the wild-type GR by inhibiting its translocation into the nucleus: importance of the ligand-binding domain for intracellular GR trafficking. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2001 Nov;86(11):5600-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  33. Mendonca BB, Leite MV, de Castro M, Kino T, Elias LL, Bachega TA, Arnhold IJ, Chrousos GP, Latronico AC: Female pseudohermaphroditism caused by a novel homozygous missense mutation of the GR gene. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002 Apr;87(4):1805-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  34. Vottero A, Kino T, Combe H, Lecomte P, Chrousos GP: A novel, C-terminal dominant negative mutation of the GR causes familial glucocorticoid resistance through abnormal interactions with p160 steroid receptor coactivators. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002 Jun;87(6):2658-67. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 5 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 6 [top]
Enzyme 6 ID 8137
Enzyme 6 Name Mineralocorticoid receptor
Enzyme 6 Synonyms
  1. MR
Enzyme 6 Gene Name NR3C2
Enzyme 6 Protein Sequence >Mineralocorticoid receptor 
METKGYHSLPEGLDMERRWGQVSQAVERSSLGPTERTDENNYMEIVNVSCVSGAIPNNST
QGSSKEKQELLPCLQQDNNRPGILTSDIKTELESKELSATVAESMGLYMDSVRDADYSYE
QQNQQGSMSPAKIYQNVEQLVKFYKGNGHRPSTLSCVNTPLRSFMSDSGSSVNGGVMRAI
VKSPIMCHEKSPSVCSPLNMTSSVCSPAGINSVSSTTASFGSFPVHSPITQGTPLTCSPN
AENRGSRSHSPAHASNVGSPLSSPLSSMKSSISSPPSHCSVKSPVSSPNNVTLRSSVSSP
ANINNSRCSVSSPSNTNNRSTLSSPAASTVGSICSPVNNAFSYTASGTSAGSSTLRDVVP
SPDTQEKGAQEVPFPKTEEVESAISNGVTGQLNIVQYIKPEPDGAFSSSCLGGNSKINSD
SSFSVPIKQESTKHSCSGTSFKGNPTVNPFPFMDGSYFSFMDDKDYYSLSGILGPPVPGF
DGNCEGSGFPVGIKQEPDDGSYYPEASIPSSAIVGVNSGGQSFHYRIGAQGTISLSRSAR
DQSFQHLSSFPPVNTLVESWKSHGDLSSRRSDGYPVLEYIPENVSSSTLRSVSTGSSRPS
KICLVCGDEASGCHYGVVTCGSCKVFFKRAVEGQHNYLCAGRNDCIIDKIRRKNCPACRL
QKCLQAGMNLGARKSKKLGKLKGIHEEQPQQQQPPPPPPPPQSPEEGTTYIAPAKEPSVN
TALVPQLSTISRALTPSPVMVLENIEPEIVYAGYDSSKPDTAENLLSTLNRLAGKQMIQV
VKWAKVLPGFKNLPLEDQITLIQYSWMCLSSFALSWRSYKHTNSQFLYFAPDLVFNEEKM
HQSAMYELCQGMHQISLQFVRLQLTFEEYTIMKVLLLLSTIPKDGLKSQAAFEEMRTNYI
KELRKMVTKCPNNSGQSWQRFYQLTKLLDSMHDLVSDLLEFCFYTFRESHALKVEFPAML
VEIISDQLPKVESGNAKPLYFHRK
Enzyme 6 Number of Residues 984
Enzyme 6 Molecular Weight 107068
Enzyme 6 Theoretical pI 7.42
Enzyme 6 GO Classification
Function
  • DNA binding
  • binding
  • ligand-dependent nuclear receptor activity
  • nucleic acid binding
  • receptor activity
  • signal transducer activity
  • steroid hormone receptor activity
  • transcription factor activity
Process
  • regulation of biological process
  • regulation of cellular metabolism
  • regulation of metabolism
  • regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolism
  • regulation of physiological process
  • regulation of transcription
  • regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent
Component
  • intracellular membrane-bound organelle
  • membrane-bound organelle
  • nucleus
  • organelle
Enzyme 6 General Function Carbohydrate transport and metabolism
Enzyme 6 Specific Function Receptor for both mineralocorticoids (MC) such as aldosterone and glucocorticoids (GC) such as corticosterone or cortisol. Binds to mineralocorticoid response elements (MRE) and transactivates target genes. The effect of MC is to increase ion and water transport and thus raise extracellular fluid volume and blood pressure and lower potassium levels
Enzyme 6 Pathways Not Available
Enzyme 6 Reactions Not Available
Enzyme 6 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 6 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 6 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 6 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 6 GenBank ID Protein 307166 Link Image
Enzyme 6 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P08235 Link Image
Enzyme 6 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name MCR_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 6 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 6 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 6 Gene Sequence >2955 bp 
ATGGAGACCAAAGGCTACCACAGTCTCCCTGAAGGTCTAGATATGGAAAGACGGTGGGGT
CAAGTTTCTCAGGCTGTGGAGCGTTCTTCCCTGGGACCTACAGAGAGGACCGATGAGAAT
AACTACATGGAGATTGTCAACGTAAGCTGTGTTTCCGGTGCTATTCCAAACAACAGTACT
CAAGGAAGCAGCAAAGAAAAACAAGAACTACTCCCTTGCCTTCAGCAAGACAATAATCGG
CCTGGGATTTTAACATCTGATATTAAAACTGAGCTGGAATCTAAGGAACTTTCAGCAACT
GTAGCTGAGTCCATGGGTTTATATATGGATTCTGTAAGAGATGCTGACTATTCCTATGAG
CAGCAGAACCAACAAGGAAGCATGAGTCCAGCTAAGATTTATCAGAATGTTGAACAGCTG
GTGAAATTTTACAAAGGAAATGGCCATCGTCCTTCCACTCTAAGTTGTGTGAACACGCCC
TTGAGATCATTTATGTCTGACTCTGGGAGCTCCGTGAATGGTGGCGTCATGCGCGCCATT
GTTAAAAGCCCTATCATGTGTCATGAGAAAAGCCCGTCTGTTTGCAGCCCTCTGAACATG
ACATCTTCGGTTTGCAGCCCTGCTGGAATCAACTCTGTGTCCTCCACCACAGCCAGCTTT
GGCAGTTTTCCAGTGCACAGCCCAATCACCCAGGGAACTCCTCTGACATGCTCCCCTAAT
GCTGAAAATCGAGGCTCCAGGTCGCACAGCCCTGCACATGCTAGCAATGTGGGCTCTCCT
CTCTCAAGTCCGTTAAGTAGCATGAAATCCTCAATTTCCAGCCCTCCAAGTCACTGCAGT
GTAAAATCTCCAGTCTCCAGTCCCAATAATGTCACTCTGAGATCCTCTGTGTCTAGCCCT
GCAAATATTAACAACTCAAGGTGCTCTGTTTCCAGCCCTTCGAACACTAATAACAGATCC
ACGCTTTCCAGTCCGGCAGCCAGTACTGTGGGATCTATCTGTAGCCCTGTAAACAATGCC
TTCAGCTACACTGCTTCTGGCACCTCTGCTGGATCCAGTACATTGCGGGATGTGGTTCCC
AGTCCAGACACGCAGGAGAAAGGTGCTCAAGAGGTCCCTTTTCCTAAGACTGAGGAAGTA
GAGAGTGCCATCTCAAATGGTGTGACTGGCCAGCTTAATATTGTCCAGTACATAAAACCA
GAACCAGATGGAGCTTTTAGCAGCTCATGTCTAGGAGGAAATAGCAAAATAAATTCGGAT
TCTTCATTCTCAGTACCAATAAAGCAAGAATCAACCAAGCATTCATGTTCAGGCACCTCT
TTTAAAGGGAATCCAACAGTAAACCCGTTTCCATTTATGGATGGCTCGTATTTTTCCTTT
ATGGATGATAAAGACTATTATTCCCTATCAGGAATTTTAGGACCACCTGTGCCCGGCTTT
GATGGTAACTGTGAAGGCAGCGGATTCCCAGTGGGTATTAAACAAGAACCAGATGACGGG
AGCTATTACCCAGAGGCCAGCATCCCTTCCTCTGCTATTGTTGGGGTGAATTCAGGTGGA
CAGTCCTTCCACTACAGGATTGGTGCTCAAGGTACAATATCTTTATCACGATCGGCTAGA
GACCAATCTTTCCAACACCTGAGTTCCTTTCCTCCTGTCAATACTTTAGTGGAGTCATGG
AAATCACACGGCGACCTGTCGTCTAGAAGAAGTGATGGGTATCCGGTCTTAGAATACATT
CCAGAAAATGTATCAAGCTCTACTTTACGAAGTGTTTCTACTGGATCTTCAAGACCTTCA
AAAATATGTTTGGTGTGTGGGGATGAGGCTTCAGGATGCCATTATGGGGTAGTCACCTGT
GGCAGCTGCAAAGTTTTCTTCAAAAGAGCAGTGGAAGGGCAACACAACTATTTATGTGCT
GGAAGAAATGATTGCATCATTGATAAGATTCGACGAAAGAATTGTCCTGCTTGCAGACTT
CAGAAATGTCTTCAAGCTGGAATGAATTTAGGAGCACGAAAGTCAAAGAAGTTGGGAAAG
TTAAAAGGGATTCACGAGGAGCAGCCACAGCAGCAGCAGCCCCCACCCCCACCCCCACCC
CCGCAAAGCCCAGAGGAAGGGACAACGTACATCGCTCCTGCAAAAGAACCCTCGGTCAAC
ACAGCACTGGTTCCTCAGCTCTCCACAATCTCACGAGCGCTCACACCTTCCCCCGTTATG
GTCCTTGAAAACATTGAACCTGAAATTGTATATGCAGGCTATGACAGCTCAAAACCAGAT
ACAGCCGAAAATCTGCTCTCCACGCTCAACCGCTTAGCAGGCAAACAGATGATCCAAGTC
GTGAAGTGGGCAAAGGTACTTCCAGGATTTAAAAACTTGCCTCTTGAGGACCAAATTACC
CTAATCCAGTATTCTTGGATGTGTCTATCATCATTTGCCTTGAGCTGGAGATCGTACAAA
CATACGAACAGCCAATTTCTCTATTTTGCACCAGACCTAGTCTTTAATGAAGAGAAGATG
CATCAGTCTGCCATGTATGAACTATGCCAGGGGATGCACCAAATCAGCCTTCAGTTCGTT
CGACTGCAGCTCACCTTTGAAGAATACACCATCATGAAAGTTTTGCTGCTACTAAGCACA
ATTCCAAAGGATGGCCTCAAAAGCCAGGCTGCATTTGAAGAAATGAGGACAAATTACATC
AAAGAACTGAGGAAGATGGTAACTAAGTGTCCCAACAATTCTGGGCAGAGCTGGCAGAGG
TTCTACCAACTGACCAAGCTGCTGGACTCCATGCATGACCTGGTGAGCGACCTGCTGGAA
TTCTGCTTCTACACCTTCCGAGAGTCCCATGCGCTGAAGGTAGAGTTCCCCGCAATGCTG
GTGGAGATCATCAGCGACCAGCTGCCCAAGGTGGAGTCGGGGAACGCCAAGCCGCTCTAC
TTCCACCGGAAGTGA
Enzyme 6 GenBank Gene ID M16801 Link Image
Enzyme 6 GeneCard ID NR3C2 Link Image
Enzyme 6 GenAtlas ID NR3C2 Link Image
Enzyme 6 HGNC ID HGNC:7979 Link Image
Enzyme 6 Chromosome Location 4
Enzyme 6 Locus 4q31.1
Enzyme 6 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 6 General References
  1. Arriza JL, Weinberger C, Cerelli G, Glaser TM, Handelin BL, Housman DE, Evans RM: Cloning of human mineralocorticoid receptor complementary DNA: structural and functional kinship with the glucocorticoid receptor. Science. 1987 Jul 17;237(4812):268-75. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Zennaro MC, Souque A, Viengchareun S, Poisson E, Lombes M: A new human MR splice variant is a ligand-independent transactivator modulating corticosteroid action. Mol Endocrinol. 2001 Sep;15(9):1586-98. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Geller DS, Rodriguez-Soriano J, Vallo Boado A, Schifter S, Bayer M, Chang SS, Lifton RP: Mutations in the mineralocorticoid receptor gene cause autosomal dominant pseudohypoaldosteronism type I. Nat Genet. 1998 Jul;19(3):279-81. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Alnemri ES, Maksymowych AB, Robertson NM, Litwack G: Overexpression and characterization of the human mineralocorticoid receptor. J Biol Chem. 1991 Sep 25;266(27):18072-81. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Bloem LJ, Guo C, Pratt JH: Identification of a splice variant of the rat and human mineralocorticoid receptor genes. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 1995 Nov;55(2):159-62. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Zennaro MC, Farman N, Bonvalet JP, Lombes M: Tissue-specific expression of alpha and beta messenger ribonucleic acid isoforms of the human mineralocorticoid receptor in normal and pathological states. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1997 May;82(5):1345-52. [PubMed Link Image]
  7. Bruner KL, Derfoul A, Robertson NM, Guerriero G, Fernandes-Alnemri T, Alnemri ES, Litwack G: The unliganded mineralocorticoid receptor is associated with heat shock proteins 70 and 90 and the immunophilin FKBP-52. Recept Signal Transduct. 1997;7(2):85-98. [PubMed Link Image]
  8. Lupo B, Mesnier D, Auzou G: Cysteines 849 and 942 of human mineralocorticoid receptor are crucial for steroid binding. Biochemistry. 1998 Sep 1;37(35):12153-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  9. Hellal-Levy C, Fagart J, Souque A, Rafestin-Oblin ME: Mechanistic aspects of mineralocorticoid receptor activation. Kidney Int. 2000 Apr;57(4):1250-5. [PubMed Link Image]
  10. Hellal-Levy C, Fagart J, Souque A, Wurtz JM, Moras D, Rafestin-Oblin ME: Crucial role of the H11-H12 loop in stabilizing the active conformation of the human mineralocorticoid receptor. Mol Endocrinol. 2000 Aug;14(8):1210-21. [PubMed Link Image]
  11. Odermatt A, Arnold P, Frey FJ: The intracellular localization of the mineralocorticoid receptor is regulated by 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2. J Biol Chem. 2001 Jul 27;276(30):28484-92. Epub 2001 May 11. [PubMed Link Image]
  12. Halushka MK, Fan JB, Bentley K, Hsie L, Shen N, Weder A, Cooper R, Lipshutz R, Chakravarti A: Patterns of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in candidate genes for blood-pressure homeostasis. Nat Genet. 1999 Jul;22(3):239-47. [PubMed Link Image]
  13. Tajima T, Kitagawa H, Yokoya S, Tachibana K, Adachi M, Nakae J, Suwa S, Katoh S, Fujieda K: A novel missense mutation of mineralocorticoid receptor gene in one Japanese family with a renal form of pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2000 Dec;85(12):4690-4. [PubMed Link Image]
  14. Geller DS, Farhi A, Pinkerton N, Fradley M, Moritz M, Spitzer A, Meinke G, Tsai FT, Sigler PB, Lifton RP: Activating mineralocorticoid receptor mutation in hypertension exacerbated by pregnancy. Science. 2000 Jul 7;289(5476):119-23. [PubMed Link Image]
  15. Arai K, Nakagomi Y, Iketani M, Shimura Y, Amemiya S, Ohyama K, Shibasaki T: Functional polymorphisms in the mineralocorticoid receptor and amirolide-sensitive sodium channel genes in a patient with sporadic pseudohypoaldosteronism. Hum Genet. 2003 Jan;112(1):91-7. Epub 2002 Oct 25. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 6 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 7 [top]
Enzyme 7 ID 12985
Enzyme 7 Name Cytochrome P450, family 11, subfamily B, polypeptide 1
Enzyme 7 Synonyms
  1. Cytochrome P450, family 11, subfamily B, polypeptide 1, isoform CRA_a
Enzyme 7 Gene Name CYP11B1
Enzyme 7 Protein Sequence >Cytochrome P450, family 11, subfamily B, polypeptide 1 
MALRAKAEVCMAVPWLSLQRAQALGTRAARVPRTVLPFEAMPRRPGNRWLRLLQIWREQG
YEDLHLEVHQTFQELGPIFRYDLGGAGMVCVMLPEDVEKLQQVDSLHPHRMSLEPWVAYR
QHRGHKCGVFLLNGPEWRFNRLRLNPEVLSPNAVQRFLPMVDAVARDFSQALKKKVLQNA
RGSLTLDVQPSIFHYTIEASNLALFGERLGLVGHSPSSASLNFLHALEVMFKSTVQLMFM
PRSLSRWTSPKVWKEHFEAWDCIFQYGDNCIQKIYQELAFSRPQQYTSIVAELLLNAELS
PDAIKANSMELTAGSVDTTVFPLLMTLFELARNPNVQQALRQESLAAAASISEHPQKATT
ELPLLRAALKETLRLYPVGLFLERVASSDLVLQNYHIPAGTLVRVFLYSLGRNPALFPRP
ERYNPQRWLDIRGSGRNFYHVPFGFGMRQCLGRRLAEAEMLLLLHHVLKHLQVETLTQED
IKMVYSFILRPSMFPLLTFRAIN
Enzyme 7 Number of Residues 503
Enzyme 7 Molecular Weight 57574
Enzyme 7 Theoretical pI 9.65
Enzyme 7 GO Classification
Function
  • binding
  • catalytic activity
  • cation binding
  • heme binding
  • ion binding
  • iron ion binding
  • monooxygenase activity
  • oxidoreductase activity
  • tetrapyrrole binding
  • transition metal ion binding
Process
  • cellular metabolism
  • electron transport
  • generation of precursor metabolites and energy
  • metabolism
  • physiological process
Component
—
Enzyme 7 General Function Secondary metabolites biosynthesis, transport and catabolism
Enzyme 7 Specific Function Not Available
Enzyme 7 Pathways Not Available
Enzyme 7 Reactions Not Available
Enzyme 7 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 7 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 7 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 7 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 7 GenBank ID Protein 64653273 Link Image
Enzyme 7 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID Q4VAQ8 Link Image
Enzyme 7 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name Q4VAQ8_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 7 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 7 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 7 Gene Sequence Not Available
Enzyme 7 GenBank Gene ID BC096287 Link Image
Enzyme 7 GeneCard ID Q4VAQ8 Link Image
Enzyme 7 GenAtlas ID CYP11B1 Link Image
Enzyme 7 HGNC ID HGNC:2591 Link Image
Enzyme 7 Chromosome Location Not Available
Enzyme 7 Locus Not Available
Enzyme 7 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 7 General References
  1. Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, Derge JG, Klausner RD, Collins FS, Wagner L, Shenmen CM, Schuler GD, Altschul SF, Zeeberg B, Buetow KH, Schaefer CF, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Jordan H, Moore T, Max SI, Wang J, Hsieh F, Diatchenko L, Marusina K, Farmer AA, Rubin GM, Hong L, Stapleton M, Soares MB, Bonaldo MF, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brownstein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Prange C, Raha SS, Loquellano NA, Peters GJ, Abramson RD, Mullahy SJ, Bosak SA, McEwan PJ, McKernan KJ, Malek JA, Gunaratne PH, Richards S, Worley KC, Hale S, Garcia AM, Gay LJ, Hulyk SW, Villalon DK, Muzny DM, Sodergren EJ, Lu X, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madan A, Young AC, Shevchenko Y, Bouffard GG, Blakesley RW, Touchman JW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Krzywinski MI, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Marra MA: Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 Dec 24;99(26):16899-903. Epub 2002 Dec 11. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 7 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 8 [top]
Enzyme 8 ID 13013
Enzyme 8 Name Cytochrome P450 21-hydroxylase
Enzyme 8 Synonyms
  1. Cytochrome P450, family 21, subfamily A, polypeptide 2, isoform CRA_b
  2. Cytochrome P450, family 21, subfamily A, polypeptide 2
  3. DJ34F7.3
  4. Cytochrome P450, subfamily XXIA
  5. Steroid 21-hydroxylase, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, polypeptide 2
  6. CYP21, P450c21B
Enzyme 8 Gene Name P450-CYP21B
Enzyme 8 Protein Sequence >Cytochrome P450 21-hydroxylase 
MLLLGLLLLLPLLAGARLLWNWWKLRSLHLPPLAPGFLHLLQPDLPIYLLGLTQKFGPIY
RLHLGLQDVVVLNSKRTIEEAMVKKWADFAGRPEPLTYKLVSRNYPDLSLGDYSLLWKAH
KKLTRSALLLGIRDSMEPVVEQLTQEFCERMRAQPGTPVAIEEEFSLLTCSIICYLTFGD
KIKDDNLMPAYYKCIQEVLKTWSHWSIQIVDVIPFLRFFPNPGLRRLKQAIEKRDHIVEM
QLRQHKESLVAGQWRDMMDYMLQGVAQPSMEEGSGQLLEGHVHMAAVDLLIGGTETTANT
LSWAVVFLLHHPEIQQRLQEELDHELGPGASSSRVPYKDRARLPLLNATIAEVLRLRPVV
PLALPHRTTRPSSISGYDIPEGTVIIPNLQGAHLDETVWERPHEFWPDRFLEPGKNSRAL
AFGCGARVCLGEPLARLELFVVLTRLLQAFTLLPSGDALPSLQPLPHCSVILKMQPFQVR
LQPRGMGAHSPGQSQ
Enzyme 8 Number of Residues 495
Enzyme 8 Molecular Weight 56002
Enzyme 8 Theoretical pI 7.90
Enzyme 8 GO Classification
Function
  • binding
  • catalytic activity
  • cation binding
  • heme binding
  • ion binding
  • iron ion binding
  • monooxygenase activity
  • oxidoreductase activity
  • tetrapyrrole binding
  • transition metal ion binding
Process
  • cellular metabolism
  • electron transport
  • generation of precursor metabolites and energy
  • metabolism
  • physiological process
Component
—
Enzyme 8 General Function Secondary metabolites biosynthesis, transport and catabolism
Enzyme 8 Specific Function Not Available
Enzyme 8 Pathways Not Available
Enzyme 8 Reactions Not Available
Enzyme 8 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 8 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 8 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 8 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 8 GenBank ID Protein Not Available
Enzyme 8 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID Q16874 Link Image
Enzyme 8 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name Q16874_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 8 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 8 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 8 Gene Sequence Not Available
Enzyme 8 GenBank Gene ID AF019413 Link Image
Enzyme 8 GeneCard ID Q16874 Link Image
Enzyme 8 GenAtlas ID P450-CYP21B Link Image
Enzyme 8 HGNC ID HGNC:2600 Link Image
Enzyme 8 Chromosome Location Not Available
Enzyme 8 Locus Not Available
Enzyme 8 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 8 General References Not Available
Enzyme 8 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 9 [top]
Enzyme 9 ID 14860
Enzyme 9 Name HSD3B2 protein
Enzyme 9 Synonyms
  1. Hydroxy-delta-5-steroid dehydrogenase, 3 beta-and steroid delta-isomerase 2, isoform CRA_a
Enzyme 9 Gene Name HSD3B2
Enzyme 9 Protein Sequence >HSD3B2 protein 
MGWSCLVTGAGGLLGQRIVRLLVEEKELKEIRALDKAFRPELREEFSKLQNRTKLTVLEG
DILDEPFLKRACQDVSVVIHTACIIDVFGVTHRESIMNVNVKGTQLLLEACVQASVPVFI
YTSSIEVAGPNSYKEIIQNGHEEEPLENTWPTPYPYSKKLAEKAVLAANGWNLKNGDTLY
TCALRPTYIYGEGGPFLSASINEALNNNGILSSVGKFSTVNPVYVGNVAWAHILALRALR
DPKKAPSVRGQFYYISDDTPHQSYDNLNYILSKEFGLRLDSRWSLPLTLMYWIGFLLEVV
SFLLSPIYSYQPPFNRHTVTLSNSVFTFSYKKAQRDLAYKPLYSWEEAKQKTVEWVGSLV
DRHKETLKSKTQ
Enzyme 9 Number of Residues 372
Enzyme 9 Molecular Weight 42053
Enzyme 9 Theoretical pI 8.17
Enzyme 9 GO Classification
Function
  • 3-beta-hydroxy-delta5-steroid dehydrogenase activity
  • catalytic activity
  • intramolecular oxidoreductase activity
  • intramolecular oxidoreductase activity, transposing C=C bonds
  • isomerase activity
  • oxidoreductase activity
  • oxidoreductase activity, acting on CH-OH group of donors
  • oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-OH group of donors, NAD or NADP as acceptor
  • steroid dehydrogenase activity
  • steroid delta-isomerase activity
Process
  • cellular lipid metabolism
  • lipid metabolism
  • metabolism
  • physiological process
  • primary metabolism
  • steroid biosynthesis
  • steroid metabolism
Component
—
Enzyme 9 General Function Cell wall/membrane/envelope biogenesis
Enzyme 9 Specific Function Not Available
Enzyme 9 Pathways Not Available
Enzyme 9 Reactions Not Available
Enzyme 9 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 9 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 9 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 9 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 9 GenBank ID Protein 124297709 Link Image
Enzyme 9 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID A2RRA5 Link Image
Enzyme 9 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name A2RRA5_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 9 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 9 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 9 Gene Sequence >1119 bp 
ATGGGCTGGAGCTGCCTTGTGACAGGAGCAGGAGGGCTTCTGGGTCAGAGGATCGTCCGC
CTGTTGGTGGAAGAGAAGGAACTGAAGGAGATCAGGGCCTTGGACAAGGCCTTCAGACCA
GAATTGAGAGAGGAATTTTCTAAGCTCCAGAACAGGACCAAGCTGACTGTACTTGAAGGA
GACATTCTGGATGAGCCATTCCTGAAAAGAGCCTGCCAGGACGTCTCGGTCGTCATCCAC
ACCGCCTGTATCATTGATGTCTTTGGTGTCACTCACAGAGAGTCCATCATGAATGTCAAT
GTGAAAGGTACCCAGCTACTGTTGGAGGCCTGTGTCCAAGCCAGTGTGCCAGTCTTCATC
TACACCAGTAGCATAGAGGTAGCCGGGCCCAACTCCTACAAGGAAATCATCCAGAACGGC
CACGAAGAAGAGCCTCTGGAAAACACATGGCCCACTCCATACCCGTACAGCAAAAAGCTT
GCTGAGAAGGCTGTGCTGGCGGCTAATGGGTGGAATCTAAAAAATGGTGATACCTTGTAC
ACTTGTGCGTTAAGACCCACATATATCTATGGGGAAGGAGGCCCATTCCTTTCTGCCAGT
ATAAATGAGGCCCTGAACAACAATGGGATCCTGTCAAGTGTTGGAAAGTTCTCTACAGTC
AACCCAGTCTATGTTGGCAACGTGGCCTGGGCCCACATTCTGGCCTTGAGGGCTCTGCGG
GACCCCAAGAAGGCCCCAAGTGTCCGAGGTCAATTCTATTACATCTCAGATGACACGCCT
CACCAAAGCTATGATAACCTTAATTACATCCTGAGCAAAGAGTTTGGCCTCCGCCTTGAT
TCCAGATGGAGCCTTCCTTTAACCCTGATGTACTGGATTGGCTTCCTGCTGGAAGTAGTG
AGCTTCCTACTCAGCCCAATTTACTCCTATCAACCCCCCTTCAACCGCCACACAGTCACA
TTATCAAATAGTGTGTTCACCTTCTCTTACAAGAAGGCTCAGCGAGATCTGGCGTATAAG
CCACTCTACAGCTGGGAGGAAGCCAAGCAGAAAACCGTGGAGTGGGTTGGTTCCCTTGTG
GACCGGCACAAGGAGACCCTGAAGTCCAAGACTCAGTGA
Enzyme 9 GenBank Gene ID BC131488 Link Image
Enzyme 9 GeneCard ID A2RRA5 Link Image
Enzyme 9 GenAtlas ID Not Available
Enzyme 9 HGNC ID Not Available
Enzyme 9 Chromosome Location Not Available
Enzyme 9 Locus Not Available
Enzyme 9 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 9 General References
  1. Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, Derge JG, Klausner RD, Collins FS, Wagner L, Shenmen CM, Schuler GD, Altschul SF, Zeeberg B, Buetow KH, Schaefer CF, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Jordan H, Moore T, Max SI, Wang J, Hsieh F, Diatchenko L, Marusina K, Farmer AA, Rubin GM, Hong L, Stapleton M, Soares MB, Bonaldo MF, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brownstein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Prange C, Raha SS, Loquellano NA, Peters GJ, Abramson RD, Mullahy SJ, Bosak SA, McEwan PJ, McKernan KJ, Malek JA, Gunaratne PH, Richards S, Worley KC, Hale S, Garcia AM, Gay LJ, Hulyk SW, Villalon DK, Muzny DM, Sodergren EJ, Lu X, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madan A, Young AC, Shevchenko Y, Bouffard GG, Blakesley RW, Touchman JW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Krzywinski MI, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Marra MA: Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 Dec 24;99(26):16899-903. Epub 2002 Dec 11. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 9 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 10 [top]
Enzyme 10 ID 15062
Enzyme 10 Name Cytochrome P450, family 21, subfamily A, polypeptide 2
Enzyme 10 Synonyms Not Available
Enzyme 10 Gene Name CYP21A2
Enzyme 10 Protein Sequence >Cytochrome P450, family 21, subfamily A, polypeptide 2 
MLLLGLLLLLPLLAGARLLWNWWKLQSLHLPPLAPGFLHLLQPDLPIYLLGLTQKFGPIY
RLHLGLQDVVVLNSKRTIEEAMVKKWADFAGRPEPLTYKLVSRNYPDLSLGDYSLLWKAH
KKLTRSALLLGIRDSMEPVVEQLTQEFCERMRAQPGTPVAIEEEFSLLTCSIICYLTFGD
KIKDDNLMPAYYKCIQEVLKTWSHWSIQIVDVIPFLRFFPNPGLRRLKQAIEKRDHIVEM
QLRQHKESLVAGQWRDMMDYMLQGVAQPSMEEGSGQLLEGHVHMAAVDLLIGGTETTANT
LSWAVVFLLHHPEIQQRLQEELDHELGPGASSSRVPYKDRARLPLLNATIAEVLRLRPVV
PLALPHRTTRPSSISGYDIPEGTVIIPNLQGAHLDETVWERPHEFWPDRFLEPGKNSRAL
AFGCGARVCLGEPLARLELFVVLTRLLQAFTLLPSGDALPSLQPLPHCSVILKMQPFQVR
LQPRGMGAHSPGQSQ
Enzyme 10 Number of Residues 495
Enzyme 10 Molecular Weight 55974
Enzyme 10 Theoretical pI 7.68
Enzyme 10 GO Classification
Function
  • binding
  • catalytic activity
  • cation binding
  • heme binding
  • ion binding
  • iron ion binding
  • monooxygenase activity
  • oxidoreductase activity
  • tetrapyrrole binding
  • transition metal ion binding
Process
  • cellular metabolism
  • electron transport
  • generation of precursor metabolites and energy
  • metabolism
  • physiological process
Component
—
Enzyme 10 General Function Secondary metabolites biosynthesis, transport and catabolism
Enzyme 10 Specific Function Not Available
Enzyme 10 Pathways Not Available
Enzyme 10 Reactions Not Available
Enzyme 10 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 10 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 10 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 10 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 10 GenBank ID Protein 115528435 Link Image
Enzyme 10 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID Q08AG9 Link Image
Enzyme 10 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name Q08AG9_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 10 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 10 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 10 Gene Sequence >1488 bp 
ATGCTGCTCCTGGGCCTGCTGCTGCTGCTGCCCCTGCTGGCTGGCGCCCGCCTGCTGTGG
AACTGGTGGAAGCTCCAGAGCCTCCACCTCCCGCCTCTTGCCCCGGGCTTCTTGCACTTG
CTGCAGCCCGACCTCCCAATCTATCTGCTTGGCCTGACTCAGAAATTCGGGCCCATCTAC
AGGCTCCACCTTGGGCTGCAAGATGTGGTGGTGCTGAACTCCAAGAGGACCATTGAGGAA
GCCATGGTCAAAAAGTGGGCAGACTTTGCTGGCAGACCTGAGCCACTTACCTACAAGCTG
GTGTCTAGGAACTACCCGGACCTGTCCTTGGGAGACTACTCCCTGCTCTGGAAAGCCCAC
AAGAAGCTCACCCGCTCAGCCCTGCTGCTGGGCATCCGTGACTCCATGGAGCCAGTGGTG
GAGCAGCTGACCCAGGAGTTCTGTGAGCGCATGAGAGCCCAGCCCGGCACCCCTGTGGCC
ATTGAGGAGGAATTCTCTCTCCTCACCTGCAGCATCATCTGTTACCTCACCTTCGGAGAC
AAGATCAAGGACGACAACTTAATGCCTGCCTATTACAAATGTATCCAGGAGGTGTTAAAA
ACCTGGAGCCACTGGTCCATCCAAATTGTGGACGTGATTCCCTTTCTCAGGTTCTTCCCC
AATCCAGGTCTCCGGAGGCTGAAGCAGGCCATAGAGAAGAGGGATCACATCGTGGAGATG
CAGCTGAGGCAGCACAAGGAGAGCCTCGTGGCAGGCCAGTGGAGGGACATGATGGACTAC
ATGCTCCAAGGGGTGGCGCAGCCGAGCATGGAAGAGGGCTCTGGACAGCTCCTGGAAGGG
CACGTGCACATGGCTGCAGTGGACCTCCTGATCGGTGGCACTGAGACCACAGCAAACACC
CTCTCCTGGGCCGTGGTTTTTTTGCTTCACCACCCTGAGATTCAGCAGCGACTGCAGGAG
GAGCTAGACCACGAACTGGGCCCTGGTGCCTCCAGCTCCCGGGTCCCCTACAAGGACCGT
GCACGGCTGCCCTTGCTCAATGCCACCATCGCCGAGGTGCTGCGCCTGCGGCCCGTTGTG
CCCTTAGCCTTGCCCCACCGCACCACACGGCCCAGCAGCATCTCCGGCTACGACATCCCT
GAGGGCACAGTCATCATTCCGAACCTCCAAGGCGCCCACCTGGATGAGACGGTCTGGGAG
AGGCCACATGAGTTCTGGCCTGATCGCTTCCTGGAGCCAGGCAAGAACTCCAGAGCTCTG
GCCTTCGGCTGCGGTGCCCGCGTGTGCCTGGGCGAGCCGCTGGCGCGCCTGGAGCTCTTC
GTGGTGCTGACCCGACTGCTGCAGGCCTTCACGCTGCTGCCCTCCGGGGACGCCCTGCCC
TCCCTGCAGCCCCTGCCCCACTGCAGTGTCATCCTCAAGATGCAGCCTTTCCAAGTGCGG
CTGCAGCCCCGGGGGATGGGGGCCCACAGCCCGGGCCAGAGCCAGTGA
Enzyme 10 GenBank Gene ID BC125181 Link Image
Enzyme 10 GeneCard ID Q08AG9 Link Image
Enzyme 10 GenAtlas ID CYP21A2 Link Image
Enzyme 10 HGNC ID HGNC:2600 Link Image
Enzyme 10 Chromosome Location Not Available
Enzyme 10 Locus Not Available
Enzyme 10 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 10 General References
  1. Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, Derge JG, Klausner RD, Collins FS, Wagner L, Shenmen CM, Schuler GD, Altschul SF, Zeeberg B, Buetow KH, Schaefer CF, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Jordan H, Moore T, Max SI, Wang J, Hsieh F, Diatchenko L, Marusina K, Farmer AA, Rubin GM, Hong L, Stapleton M, Soares MB, Bonaldo MF, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brownstein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Prange C, Raha SS, Loquellano NA, Peters GJ, Abramson RD, Mullahy SJ, Bosak SA, McEwan PJ, McKernan KJ, Malek JA, Gunaratne PH, Richards S, Worley KC, Hale S, Garcia AM, Gay LJ, Hulyk SW, Villalon DK, Muzny DM, Sodergren EJ, Lu X, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madan A, Young AC, Shevchenko Y, Bouffard GG, Blakesley RW, Touchman JW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Krzywinski MI, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Marra MA: Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 Dec 24;99(26):16899-903. Epub 2002 Dec 11. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 10 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 11 [top]
Enzyme 11 ID 15188
Enzyme 11 Name Hydroxysteroid (11-beta) dehydrogenase 2
Enzyme 11 Synonyms Not Available
Enzyme 11 Gene Name HSD11B2
Enzyme 11 Protein Sequence >Hydroxysteroid (11-beta) dehydrogenase 2 
MERWPWPSGGAWLLVAARALLQLLRSDLRLGRPLLAALALLAALDWLCQRLLPPPAALAV
LAAAGWIALSRLARPQRLPVATRAVLITGCDSGFGKETAKKLDSMGFTVLATVLELNSPG
AIELRTCCSPRLRLLQMDLTKPGDISRVLEFTKAHTTSTGLWGLVNNAGHNEVVADAELS
PVATFRSCMEVNFFGALELTKGLLPLLRSSRGRIVTVGSPAGDMPYPCLGAYGTSKAAVA
LLMDTFSCELLPWGVKVSIIQPGCFKTESVRNVGQWEKRKQLLLANLPQELLQAYGKDYI
EHLHGQFLHSLRLAMSDLTPVVDAITDALLAARPRRRYYPGQGLGLMYFIHYYLPEGLRR
RFLQAFFISHCLPRALQPGQPGTTPPQDAAQDPNLSPGPSPAVAR
Enzyme 11 Number of Residues 405
Enzyme 11 Molecular Weight 44127
Enzyme 11 Theoretical pI 9.58
Enzyme 11 GO Classification
Function
  • catalytic activity
  • oxidoreductase activity
Process
  • metabolism
  • physiological process
Component
—
Enzyme 11 General Function Lipid transport and metabolism
Enzyme 11 Specific Function Not Available
Enzyme 11 Pathways Not Available
Enzyme 11 Reactions Not Available
Enzyme 11 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 11 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 11 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 11 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 11 GenBank ID Protein 152112970 Link Image
Enzyme 11 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID A7LB28 Link Image
Enzyme 11 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name A7LB28_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 11 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 11 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 11 Gene Sequence >1218 bp 
ATGGAGCGCTGGCCTTGGCCGTCGGGCGGCGCCTGGCTGCTCGTGGCTGCCCGCGCGCTG
CTGCAGCTGCTGCGCTCAGACCTGCGTCTGGGCCGCCCGCTGCTGGCGGCGCTGGCGCTG
CTGGCCGCGCTCGACTGGCTGTGCCAGCGCCTGCTGCCCCCGCCGGCCGCACTCGCCGTG
CTGGCCGCCGCCGGCTGGATCGCGTTGTCCCGCCTGGCGCGCCCGCAGCGCCTGCCGGTG
GCCACTCGCGCGGTGCTCATCACCGGCTGTGACTCTGGTTTTGGCAAGGAGACGGCCAAG
AAACTGGACTCCATGGGCTTCACGGTGCTGGCCACCGTATTGGAGTTGAACAGCCCCGGT
GCCATCGAGCTGCGTACCTGCTGCTCCCCTCGCCTAAGGCTGCTGCAGATGGACCTGACC
AAACCAGGAGACATTAGCCGCGTGCTAGAGTTCACCAAGGCCCACACCACCAGCACCGGC
CTGTGGGGCCTCGTCAACAACGCAGGCCACAATGAAGTAGTTGCTGATGCGGAGCTGTCT
CCAGTGGCCACTTTCCGTAGCTGCATGGAGGTGAATTTCTTTGGCGCGCTCGAGCTGACC
AAGGGCCTCCTGCCCCTGCTGCGCAGCTCAAGGGGCCGCATCGTGACTGTGGGGAGCCCA
GCGGGGGACATGCCATATCCGTGCTTGGGGGCCTATGGAACCTCCAAAGCGGCCGTGGCG
CTACTCATGGACACATTCAGCTGTGAACTCCTTCCCTGGGGGGTCAAGGTCAGCATCATC
CAGCCTGGCTGCTTCAAGACAGAGTCAGTGAGAAACGTGGGTCAGTGGGAAAAGCGCAAG
CAATTGCTGCTGGCCAACCTGCCTCAAGAGCTGCTGCAGGCCTACGGCAAGGACTACATC
GAGCACTTGCATGGGCAGTTCCTGCACTCGCTACGCCTGGCCATGTCCGACCTCACCCCA
GTTGTAGATGCCATCACAGATGCGCTGCTGGCAGCTCGGCCCCGCCGCCGCTATTACCCC
GGCCAGGGCCTGGGGCTCATGTACTTCATCCACTACTACCTGCCTGAAGGCCTGCGGCGC
CGCTTCCTGCAGGCCTTCTTCATCAGTCACTGTCTGCCTCGAGCACTGCAGCCTGGCCAG
CCTGGCACTACCCCACCACAGGACGCAGCCCAGGACCCAAACCTGAGCCCCGGCCCTTCC
CCAGCAGTGGCTCGGTGA
Enzyme 11 GenBank Gene ID EF694683 Link Image
Enzyme 11 GeneCard ID A7LB28 Link Image
Enzyme 11 GenAtlas ID Not Available
Enzyme 11 HGNC ID Not Available
Enzyme 11 Chromosome Location 16
Enzyme 11 Locus 16q22
Enzyme 11 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 11 General References Not Available
Enzyme 11 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 12 [top]
Enzyme 12 ID 16423
Enzyme 12 Name Mitochondrial cytochrome P450, family 11, subfamily B, polypeptide 2 (Cytochrome P450, family 11, subfamily B, polypeptide 2)
Enzyme 12 Synonyms Not Available
Enzyme 12 Gene Name CYP11B2
Enzyme 12 Protein Sequence >Mitochondrial cytochrome P450, family 11, subfamily B, polypeptide 2 (Cytochrome P450, family 11, subfamily B, polypeptide 2) 
MALRAKAEVCVAAPWLSLQRARALGTRAARAPRTVLPFEAMPQHPGNRWLRLLQIWREQG
YEHLHLEMHQTFQELGPIFRYNLGGPRMVCVMLPEDVEKLQQVDSLHPCRMILEPWVAYR
QHRGHKCGVFLLNGPEWRFNRLRLNPDVLSPKAVQRFLPMVDAVARDFSQALKKKVLQNA
RGSLTLDVQPSIFHYTIEASNLALFGERLGLVGHSPSSASLNFLHALEVMFKSTVQLMFM
PRSLSRWISPKVWKEHFEAWDCIFQYGDNCIQKIYQELAFNRPQHYTGIVAELLLKAELS
LEAIKANSMELTAGSVDTTAFPLLMTLFELARNPDVQQILRQESLAAAASISEHPQKATT
ELPLLRAALKETLRLYPVGLFLERVVSSDLVLQNYHIPAGTLVQVFLYSLGRNAALFPRP
ERYNPQRWLDIRGSGRNFHHVPFGFGMRQCLGRRLAEAEMLLLLHHVLKHFLVETLTQED
IKMVYSFILRPGTSPLLTFRAIN
Enzyme 12 Number of Residues 503
Enzyme 12 Molecular Weight 57561
Enzyme 12 Theoretical pI 9.78
Enzyme 12 GO Classification
Function
  • binding
  • catalytic activity
  • cation binding
  • heme binding
  • ion binding
  • iron ion binding
  • monooxygenase activity
  • oxidoreductase activity
  • tetrapyrrole binding
  • transition metal ion binding
Process
  • cellular metabolism
  • electron transport
  • generation of precursor metabolites and energy
  • metabolism
  • physiological process
Component
—
Enzyme 12 General Function Secondary metabolites biosynthesis, transport and catabolism
Enzyme 12 Specific Function Not Available
Enzyme 12 Pathways Not Available
Enzyme 12 Reactions Not Available
Enzyme 12 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 12 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 12 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 12 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 12 GenBank ID Protein Not Available
Enzyme 12 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID B0ZBE4 Link Image
Enzyme 12 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name B0ZBE4_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 12 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 12 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 12 Gene Sequence Not Available
Enzyme 12 GenBank Gene ID EU326306 Link Image
Enzyme 12 GeneCard ID B0ZBE4 Link Image
Enzyme 12 GenAtlas ID Not Available
Enzyme 12 HGNC ID Not Available
Enzyme 12 Chromosome Location Not Available
Enzyme 12 Locus Not Available
Enzyme 12 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 12 General References Not Available
Enzyme 12 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 13 [top]
Enzyme 13 ID 16473
Enzyme 13 Name cDNA, FLJ94621, Homo sapiens hydroxysteroid (11-beta) dehydrogenase 1 (HSD11B1), mRNA (Hydroxysteroid (11-beta) dehydrogenase 1, isoform CRA_a)
Enzyme 13 Synonyms Not Available
Enzyme 13 Gene Name HSD11B1
Enzyme 13 Protein Sequence >cDNA, FLJ94621, Homo sapiens hydroxysteroid (11-beta) dehydrogenase 1 (HSD11B1), mRNA (Hydroxysteroid (11-beta) dehydrogenase 1, isoform CRA_a) 
MAFMKKYLLPILGLFMAYYYYSANEEFRPEMLQGKKVIVTGASKGIGREMAYHLAKMGAH
VVVTARSKETLQKVVSHCLELGAASAHYIAGTMEDMTFAEQFVAQAGKLMGGLDMLILNH
ITNTSLNLFHDDIHHVRKSMEVNFLSYVVLTVAALPMLKQSNGSIVVVSSLAGKVAYPMV
AAYSASKFALDGFFSSIRKEYSVSRVNVSITLCVLGLIDTETAMKAVSGIVHMQAAPKEE
CALEIIKGGALRQEEVYYDSSLWTTLLIRNPCRKILEFLYSTSYNMDRFINK
Enzyme 13 Number of Residues 292
Enzyme 13 Molecular Weight 32401
Enzyme 13 Theoretical pI 8.77
Enzyme 13 GO Classification
Function
  • catalytic activity
  • oxidoreductase activity
Process
  • metabolism
  • physiological process
Component
—
Enzyme 13 General Function Lipid transport and metabolism
Enzyme 13 Specific Function Not Available
Enzyme 13 Pathways Not Available
Enzyme 13 Reactions Not Available
Enzyme 13 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 13 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 13 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 13 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 13 GenBank ID Protein Not Available
Enzyme 13 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID B2R9Z1 Link Image
Enzyme 13 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name B2R9Z1_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 13 PDB ID 1XU9 Link Image
Enzyme 13 PDB File Show
Enzyme 13 3D Structure
Enzyme 13 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 13 Gene Sequence Not Available
Enzyme 13 GenBank Gene ID AK313973 Link Image
Enzyme 13 GeneCard ID B2R9Z1 Link Image
Enzyme 13 GenAtlas ID Not Available
Enzyme 13 HGNC ID Not Available
Enzyme 13 Chromosome Location Not Available
Enzyme 13 Locus Not Available
Enzyme 13 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 13 General References Not Available
Enzyme 13 Metabolite References Not Available