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Record Information
Version5.0
StatusDetected and Quantified
Creation Date2005-11-16 15:48:42 UTC
Update Date2021-09-14 15:47:21 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0000101
Secondary Accession Numbers
Metabolite Identification
Common NameDeoxyadenosine
DescriptionDeoxyadenosine is a derivative of the nucleoside adenosine. It is composed of adenine attached to a deoxyribose moiety via a N9-glycosidic bond. Deoxyribose differs from ribose by the absence of oxygen in the 3' position of its ribose ring. Deoxyadenosine is a critical component of DNA. When present in sufficiently high levels, deoxyadensoine can act as an immunotoxin and a metabotoxin. An immunotoxin disrupts, limits the function, or destroys immune cells. A metabotoxin is an endogenous metabolite that causes adverse health effects at chronically high levels. Chronically high levels of deoxyadenosine are associated with adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency, an inborn error of metabolism. ADA deficiency damages the immune system and causes severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID). People with SCID lack virtually all immune protection from bacteria, viruses, and fungi. They are prone to repeated and persistent infections that can be very serious or life-threatening. These infections are often caused by "opportunistic" organisms that ordinarily do not cause illness in people with a normal immune system. The main symptoms of ADA deficiency are pneumonia, chronic diarrhea, and widespread skin rashes. The mechanism by which dATP functions as an immunotoxin is as follows: because deoxyadenosine is a precursor to dATP, a buildup of dATP in cells inhibits ribonucleotide reductase and prevents DNA synthesis, so cells are unable to divide. Since developing T cells and B cells are some of the most mitotically active cells, they are unable to divide and propagate to respond to immune challenges. High levels of deoxyadenosine also lead to an increase in S-adenosylhomocysteine, which is toxic to immature lymphocytes.
Structure
Thumb
Synonyms
Chemical FormulaC10H13N5O3
Average Molecular Weight251.2419
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight251.101839307
IUPAC Name(2R,3S,5R)-5-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-3-ol
Traditional Name2-deoxyadenosine
CAS Registry Number958-09-8
SMILES
NC1=C2N=CN([C@H]3C[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O3)C2=NC=N1
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C10H13N5O3/c11-9-8-10(13-3-12-9)15(4-14-8)7-1-5(17)6(2-16)18-7/h3-7,16-17H,1-2H2,(H2,11,12,13)/t5-,6+,7+/m0/s1
InChI KeyOLXZPDWKRNYJJZ-RRKCRQDMSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as purine 2'-deoxyribonucleosides. Purine 2'-deoxyribonucleosides are compounds consisting of a purine linked to a ribose which lacks a hydroxyl group at position 2.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassNucleosides, nucleotides, and analogues
ClassPurine nucleosides
Sub ClassPurine 2'-deoxyribonucleosides
Direct ParentPurine 2'-deoxyribonucleosides
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside
  • 6-aminopurine
  • Imidazopyrimidine
  • Purine
  • Aminopyrimidine
  • N-substituted imidazole
  • Pyrimidine
  • Imidolactam
  • Azole
  • Imidazole
  • Heteroaromatic compound
  • Tetrahydrofuran
  • Secondary alcohol
  • Oxacycle
  • Azacycle
  • Organoheterocyclic compound
  • Amine
  • Primary amine
  • Primary alcohol
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Alcohol
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAromatic heteropolycyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
Physiological effectNot Available
Disposition
Biological locationSource
Process
Role
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting Point189 °CNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water SolubilityNot AvailableNot Available
LogP-0.55HANSCH,C ET AL. (1995)
Experimental Chromatographic Properties

Experimental Collision Cross Sections

Adduct TypeData SourceCCS Value (Å2)Reference
[M-H]-MetCCS_train_neg152.230932474
[M+H]+MetCCS_train_pos152.25930932474
[M-H]-Not Available155.9http://allccs.zhulab.cn/database/detail?ID=AllCCS00000099
[M+H]+Not Available157.6http://allccs.zhulab.cn/database/detail?ID=AllCCS00000099
Predicted Molecular Properties
Predicted Chromatographic Properties
Spectra
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Cytoplasm
  • Extracellular
  • Nucleus
  • Lysosome
Biospecimen Locations
  • Blood
  • Feces
  • Urine
Tissue Locations
  • All Tissues
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
Abnormal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Colorectal cancer
details
UrineDetected and Quantified2-7.2 umol/mmol creatinineInfant (0-1 year old)Both
Adenylosuccinase deficiency
details
UrineDetected and Quantified176.0 (167.0-185.0) umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)BothAdenosine deaminase(ADA) deficiency details
UrineDetected and Quantified8.318 +/- 9.422 umol/mmol creatinineChildren (1 - 13 years old)Not Specified
Eosinophilic esophagitis
    • Analysis of 30 no...
details
UrineDetected and Quantified0.005 (0.000-0.010) umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)BothAdenosine deaminase(ADA) deficiency details
UrineDetected and Quantified10-190 umol/mmol creatinineInfant (0-1 year old)Not Specified
Adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency
details
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease References
Colorectal cancer
  1. Goedert JJ, Sampson JN, Moore SC, Xiao Q, Xiong X, Hayes RB, Ahn J, Shi J, Sinha R: Fecal metabolomics: assay performance and association with colorectal cancer. Carcinogenesis. 2014 Sep;35(9):2089-96. doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgu131. Epub 2014 Jul 18. [PubMed:25037050 ]
Adenosine deaminase deficiency
  1. Yamamoto T, Moriwaki Y, Takahashi S, Fujita T, Tsutsumi Z, Yamakita J, Shimizu K, Shiota M, Ohta S, Higashino K: Determination of adenosine and deoxyadenosine in urine by high-performance liquid chromatography with column switching. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl. 1998 Nov 20;719(1-2):55-61. [PubMed:9869364 ]
  2. Wevers RA, Engelke UF, Moolenaar SH, Brautigam C, de Jong JG, Duran R, de Abreu RA, van Gennip AH: 1H-NMR spectroscopy of body fluids: inborn errors of purine and pyrimidine metabolism. Clin Chem. 1999 Apr;45(4):539-48. [PubMed:10102915 ]
  3. Morgan G, Levinsky RJ, Hugh-Jones K, Fairbanks LD, Morris GS, Simmonds HA: Heterogeneity of biochemical, clinical and immunological parameters in severe combined immunodeficiency due to adenosine deaminase deficiency. Clin Exp Immunol. 1987 Dec;70(3):491-9. [PubMed:3436096 ]
Eosinophilic esophagitis
  1. Slae, M., Huynh, H., Wishart, D.S. (2014). Analysis of 30 normal pediatric urine samples via NMR spectroscopy (unpublished work). NA.
Adenylosuccinate lyase deficiency
  1. Donti TR, Cappuccio G, Hubert L, Neira J, Atwal PS, Miller MJ, Cardon AL, Sutton VR, Porter BE, Baumer FM, Wangler MF, Sun Q, Emrick LT, Elsea SH: Diagnosis of adenylosuccinate lyase deficiency by metabolomic profiling in plasma reveals a phenotypic spectrum. Mol Genet Metab Rep. 2016 Jul 27;8:61-6. doi: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2016.07.007. eCollection 2016 Sep. [PubMed:27504266 ]
Associated OMIM IDs
  • 114500 (Colorectal cancer)
  • 102700 (Adenosine deaminase deficiency)
  • 610247 (Eosinophilic esophagitis)
  • 103050 (Adenylosuccinate lyase deficiency)
DrugBank IDNot Available
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDFDB021894
KNApSAcK IDC00019281
Chemspider ID13135
KEGG Compound IDC00559
BioCyc IDDEOXYADENOSINE
BiGG ID35352
Wikipedia LinkDeoxyadenosine
METLIN ID3382
PubChem Compound13730
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID17256
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDDAD_2
MarkerDB IDMDB00000053
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceAnderson, Charles D.; Goodman, Leon; Baker, B. R. Potential anticancer agents. XIX. Synthesis of 2-deoxyadenosine. Journal of the American Chemical Society (1959), 81 3967-74.
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
General References

Enzymes

General function:
Involved in hydrolase activity
Specific function:
Hydrolyzes extracellular nucleotides into membrane permeable nucleosides.
Gene Name:
NT5E
Uniprot ID:
P21589
Molecular weight:
57948.125
Reactions
Deoxyadenosine monophosphate + Water → Deoxyadenosine + Phosphatedetails
General function:
Involved in nucleotide binding
Specific function:
Dephosphorylates the 5' and 2'(3')-phosphates of deoxyribonucleotides. Helps to regulate adenosine levels (By similarity).
Gene Name:
NT5C1B
Uniprot ID:
Q96P26
Molecular weight:
68803.055
Reactions
Deoxyadenosine monophosphate + Water → Deoxyadenosine + Phosphatedetails
General function:
Involved in nucleotide binding
Specific function:
Dephosphorylates the 5' and 2'(3')-phosphates of deoxyribonucleotides and has a broad substrate specificity. Helps to regulate adenosine levels in heart during ischemia and hypoxia.
Gene Name:
NT5C1A
Uniprot ID:
Q9BXI3
Molecular weight:
41020.145
Reactions
Deoxyadenosine monophosphate + Water → Deoxyadenosine + Phosphatedetails
General function:
Involved in metal ion binding
Specific function:
Dephosphorylates the 5' and 2'(3')-phosphates of deoxyribonucleotides, with a preference for dUMP and dTMP, intermediate activity towards dGMP, and low activity towards dCMP and dAMP.
Gene Name:
NT5C
Uniprot ID:
Q8TCD5
Molecular weight:
Not Available
Reactions
Deoxyadenosine monophosphate + Water → Deoxyadenosine + Phosphatedetails
General function:
Involved in phosphatase activity
Specific function:
Dephosphorylates specifically the 5' and 2'(3')-phosphates of uracil and thymine deoxyribonucleotides, and so protects mitochondrial DNA replication from excess dTTP. Has only marginal activity towards dIMP and dGMP.
Gene Name:
NT5M
Uniprot ID:
Q9NPB1
Molecular weight:
Not Available
Reactions
Deoxyadenosine monophosphate + Water → Deoxyadenosine + Phosphatedetails
General function:
Involved in deaminase activity
Specific function:
Catalyzes the hydrolytic deamination of adenosine and 2-deoxyadenosine. Plays an important role in purine metabolism and in adenosine homeostasis. Modulates signaling by extracellular adenosine, and so contributes indirectly to cellular signaling events. Acts as a positive regulator of T-cell coactivation, by binding DPP4. Its interaction with DPP4 regulates lymphocyte-epithelial cell adhesion.
Gene Name:
ADA
Uniprot ID:
P00813
Molecular weight:
40764.13
Reactions
Deoxyadenosine + Water → Deoxyinosine + Ammoniadetails
General function:
Involved in magnesium ion binding
Specific function:
Can act both as nucleotidase and as phosphotransferase.
Gene Name:
NT5C3
Uniprot ID:
Q9H0P0
Molecular weight:
33914.91
Reactions
Deoxyadenosine monophosphate + Water → Deoxyadenosine + Phosphatedetails
General function:
Involved in 5'-nucleotidase activity
Specific function:
May have a critical role in the maintenance of a constant composition of intracellular purine/pyrimidine nucleotides in cooperation with other nucleotidases. Preferentially hydrolyzes inosine 5'-monophosphate (IMP) and other purine nucleotides.
Gene Name:
NT5C2
Uniprot ID:
P49902
Molecular weight:
64969.2
Reactions
Deoxyadenosine monophosphate + Water → Deoxyadenosine + Phosphatedetails
General function:
Involved in purine-nucleoside phosphorylase activity
Specific function:
The purine nucleoside phosphorylases catalyze the phosphorolytic breakdown of the N-glycosidic bond in the beta-(deoxy)ribonucleoside molecules, with the formation of the corresponding free purine bases and pentose-1-phosphate.
Gene Name:
PNP
Uniprot ID:
P00491
Molecular weight:
32117.69
Reactions
Deoxyadenosine + Phosphate → Adenine + Deoxyribose 1-phosphatedetails