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Human Metabolome Database Version 2.5

 

Showing metabocard for Homovanillic acid (HMDB00118)

Legend: metabolite field enzyme field

Version 2.5
Creation Date 2005-11-16 15:48:42
Update Date 2010-07-12 15:39:50
Accession Number HMDB00118
Secondary Accession Numbers HMDB04285
Common Name Homovanillic acid
Description A dopamine metabolite occurring in human biofluids. A high proportion of patients with neuroblastoma excrete increased amounts of it in their urine. Homovanillic acid is a major catecholamine metabolite. It is used as a reagent to detect oxidative enzymes.(Wikipedia)
Synonyms
  1. (4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)acetate
  2. (4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)acetic acid
  3. 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-phenylacetic acid
  4. 3-Methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylacetate
  5. 3-Methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid
  6. 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxybenzeneacetate
  7. 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxybenzeneacetic acid
  8. 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenylacetic acid
  9. Homovanilate
  10. Homovanilic acid
  11. Homovanillate
  12. Homovanillinic acid
  13. Vanilacetate
  14. Vanilacetic acid
Chemical IUPAC Name 2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)acetic acid
Chemical Formula C9H10O4
Chemical Structure Structure
Chemical Taxonomy
Kingdom
  • Organic
Super Class
  • Alcohols
Class
  • Catecholamines and Derivatives
  • Phenylacetates
Sub Class
  • Vanillic catecholamines
Family
  • Mammalian Metabolite
Species
  • phenol or hydroxyhetarene
  • alkyl aryl ether
  • carboxylic acid
  • aromatic compound
Biofunction
Application
Source
  • Endogenous
Average Molecular Weight 182.173
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight 182.057907
Isomeric SMILES COC1=CC(CC(O)=O)=CC=C1O
Canonical SMILES COC1=CC(CC(O)=O)=CC=C1O
KEGG Compound ID C05582 Link Image
BioCyc ID Not Available
BiGG ID 46066 Link Image
Wikipedia Link Homovanillic acid Link Image
NuGOwiki Link HMDB00118 Link Image
Metagene Link HMDB00118 Link Image
METLIN ID 971 Link Image
PubChem Compound 1738 Link Image
PubChem Substance 7908 Link Image
ChEBI ID Not Available
CAS Registry Number 306-08-1
InChI Identifier InChI=1/C9H10O4/c1-13-8-4-6(5-9(11)12)2-3-7(8)10/h2-4,10H,5H2,1H3,(H,11,12)
Synthesis Reference Not Available
Melting Point (Experimental) 138-140 oC; 142 oC
Experimental Water Solubility 17 mg/mL [HMP experimental] Source: PhysProp
Predicted Water Solubility 69.7 mg/mL [MEYLAN,WM et al. (1996)]; 2.72 mg/mL [Predicted by ALOGPS] Calculated using ALOGPS
Physiological Charge -1
State Solid
Experimental LogP/Hydrophobicity 0.33 [LAHANN,TR ET AL. (1989)] Source: PhysProp
Predicted LogP/Hydrophobicity 1.02 [Predicted by ALOGPS]; 1 [Predicted by PubChem via XLOGP] Calculated using ALOGPS
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)
MOL File Show
SDF File Show
PDB File Show
2D Structure
3D Structure
Experimental PDB ID Not Available
Experimental 1H NMR Spectrum Download Spectrum
Download FID (Varian)
Show Experimental Conditions Link Image
Experimental 13C NMR Spectrum Not Available
Experimental 13C HSQC Spectrum Download Spectrum
Download FID (Bruker)
Show Experimental Conditions Link Image
Predicted 1H NMR Spectrum Show Image
Show Peaklist
Predicted 13C NMR Spectrum Show Image
Show Peaklist
Mass Spectrum
Low Energy
Download File
Show Experimental Conditions Link Image
Medium Energy
Download File
Show Experimental Conditions Link Image
High Energy
Download File
Show Experimental Conditions Link Image
Simplified TOCSY Spectrum Show Image
Show Peaklist
BMRB Spectrum Show Image
Show Peaklist
Cellular Location
  • Cytoplasm
Biofluid Location
  • Blood
  • Cerebrospinal Fluid
  • Urine
Tissue Location
Tissue References
Brain
Caudate Nucleus
Central Nervous System
Fibroblasts
Kidney
Spinal Cord
Striatum
Concentrations (Normal)
Biofluid Blood
Value 0.082 +/- 0.050 uM
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex Both
Patient information Normal
Comments Not Available
References
  • Alfredsson G, Wiesel FA: Monoamine metabolites and amino acids in serum from schizophrenic patients before and during sulpiride treatment. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1989;99(3):322-7. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid CSF
Value 0.12 +/- 0.07 uM
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex Both
Patient information Normal
Comments Not Available
References
  • Geigy Scientific Tables, 8th Rev edition, pp. 165-177. Edited by C. Lentner, West Cadwell, N.J.: Medical education Div., Ciba-Geigy Corp., Basel, Switzerland c1981-1992.
Biofluid CSF
Value 0.28 (0.15-0.41) uM
Age Adolescent:13-18 yrs old
Sex Both
Patient information Normal
Comments Not Available
References
  • Ormazabal A, Garcia-Cazorla A, Fernandez Y, Fernandez-Alvarez E, Campistol J, Artuch R: HPLC with electrochemical and fluorescence detection procedures for the diagnosis of inborn errors of biogenic amines and pterins. J Neurosci Methods. 2005 Mar 15;142(1):153-8. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid CSF
Value 0.20 (0.047-0.35) uM
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex Both
Patient information Normal
Comments Not Available
References
  • Sullivan GM, Oquendo MA, Huang YY, Mann JJ: Elevated cerebrospinal fluid 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid levels in women with comorbid depression and panic disorder. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 2006 Oct;9(5):547-56. Epub 2005 Nov 1. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid CSF
Value 0.19+/- 0.093 uM
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex N/A
Patient information Normal
Comments Not Available
References
  • Cerebrospinal fluid homovanillic acid in the DATATOP study on Parkinson's disease. Parkinson Study Group. Arch Neurol. 1995 Mar;52(3):237-45. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid CSF
Value 0.89 +/- 0.47 uM
Age Infant:0-1 yr old
Sex N/A
Patient information 3-7 months of age
Comments Not Available
References
  • Brautigam C, Wevers RA, Jansen RJ, Smeitink JA, de Rijk-van Andel JF, Gabreels FJ, Hoffmann GF: Biochemical hallmarks of tyrosine hydroxylase deficiency. Clin Chem. 1998 Sep;44(9):1897-904. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid CSF
Value 0.78 +/- 0.42 uM
Age Children:1-13 yrs old
Sex N/A
Patient information 1-2 years of age
Comments Not Available
References
  • Brautigam C, Wevers RA, Jansen RJ, Smeitink JA, de Rijk-van Andel JF, Gabreels FJ, Hoffmann GF: Biochemical hallmarks of tyrosine hydroxylase deficiency. Clin Chem. 1998 Sep;44(9):1897-904. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid CSF
Value 0.76 +/- 0.38 uM
Age Children:1-13 yrs old
Sex N/A
Patient information 2 - 5 years of age
Comments Not Available
References
  • Brautigam C, Wevers RA, Jansen RJ, Smeitink JA, de Rijk-van Andel JF, Gabreels FJ, Hoffmann GF: Biochemical hallmarks of tyrosine hydroxylase deficiency. Clin Chem. 1998 Sep;44(9):1897-904. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid CSF
Value 0.71 +/- 0.34 uM
Age Children:1-13 yrs old
Sex N/A
Patient information 5 - 8 years of age
Comments Not Available
References
  • Brautigam C, Wevers RA, Jansen RJ, Smeitink JA, de Rijk-van Andel JF, Gabreels FJ, Hoffmann GF: Biochemical hallmarks of tyrosine hydroxylase deficiency. Clin Chem. 1998 Sep;44(9):1897-904. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid CSF
Value 0.66 +/- 0.33 uM
Age Infant:0-1 yr old
Sex N/A
Patient information 7 months - 1 year of age
Comments Not Available
References
  • Brautigam C, Wevers RA, Jansen RJ, Smeitink JA, de Rijk-van Andel JF, Gabreels FJ, Hoffmann GF: Biochemical hallmarks of tyrosine hydroxylase deficiency. Clin Chem. 1998 Sep;44(9):1897-904. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid CSF
Value 0.66 +/- 0.48 uM
Age Children:1-13 yrs old
Sex N/A
Patient information 8 - 12 years of age
Comments Not Available
References
  • Brautigam C, Wevers RA, Jansen RJ, Smeitink JA, de Rijk-van Andel JF, Gabreels FJ, Hoffmann GF: Biochemical hallmarks of tyrosine hydroxylase deficiency. Clin Chem. 1998 Sep;44(9):1897-904. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid CSF
Value 0.54 +/- 0.211 uM
Age Adolescent:13-18 yrs old
Sex N/A
Patient information 12 - 15 years
Comments Not Available
References
  • Brautigam C, Wevers RA, Jansen RJ, Smeitink JA, de Rijk-van Andel JF, Gabreels FJ, Hoffmann GF: Biochemical hallmarks of tyrosine hydroxylase deficiency. Clin Chem. 1998 Sep;44(9):1897-904. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid CSF
Value 0.37 +/- 0.08 uM
Age Adolescent:13-18 yrs old
Sex N/A
Patient information > 15 years old
Comments Not Available
References
  • Brautigam C, Wevers RA, Jansen RJ, Smeitink JA, de Rijk-van Andel JF, Gabreels FJ, Hoffmann GF: Biochemical hallmarks of tyrosine hydroxylase deficiency. Clin Chem. 1998 Sep;44(9):1897-904. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid CSF
Value 1.14 +/- 0.54 uM
Age Newborn:0-30 days old
Sex N/A
Patient information Normal
Comments Not Available
References
  • Brautigam C, Wevers RA, Jansen RJ, Smeitink JA, de Rijk-van Andel JF, Gabreels FJ, Hoffmann GF: Biochemical hallmarks of tyrosine hydroxylase deficiency. Clin Chem. 1998 Sep;44(9):1897-904. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid CSF
Value 0.14 +/- 0.046 uM
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex N/A
Patient information Normal
Comments Not Available
References
  • Eriksson E, Westberg P, Alling C, Thuresson K, Modigh K: Cerebrospinal fluid levels of monoamine metabolites in panic disorder. Psychiatry Res. 1991 Mar;36(3):243-51. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid CSF
Value 0.40 +/- 0.075 uM
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex N/A
Patient information Normal
Comments Not Available
References
  • Narayan M, Srinath S, Anderson GM, Meundi DB: Cerebrospinal fluid levels of homovanillic acid and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in autism. Biol Psychiatry. 1993 Apr 15-May 1;33(8-9):630-5. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid CSF
Value 0.039 +/- 0.021 uM
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex N/A
Patient information Normal
Comments Not Available
References
  • Javors MA, Bowden CL, Maas JW: 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, and homovanillic acid in human cerebrospinal fluid. Storage and measurement by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and coulometric detection using 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyllactic acid as an internal standard. J Chromatogr. 1984 Dec 12;336(2):259-69. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid CSF
Value 0.174 +/- 0.075 uM
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex Male
Patient information Normal
Comments Not Available
References
  • Hagenfeldt L, Bjerkenstedt L, Edman G, Sedvall G, Wiesel FA: Amino acids in plasma and CSF and monoamine metabolites in CSF: interrelationship in healthy subjects. J Neurochem. 1984 Mar;42(3):833-7. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid CSF
Value 0.202 +/- 0.094 uM
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex Female
Patient information Normal
Comments Not Available
References
  • Hagenfeldt L, Bjerkenstedt L, Edman G, Sedvall G, Wiesel FA: Amino acids in plasma and CSF and monoamine metabolites in CSF: interrelationship in healthy subjects. J Neurochem. 1984 Mar;42(3):833-7. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid CSF
Value 0.94 +/- 0.11 uM
Age Children:1-13 yrs old
Sex N/A
Patient information Normal
Comments Not Available
References
  • Shaywitz BA, Cohen DJ, Bowers MB: Reduced cerebrospinal fluid 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid and homovanillic acid in children with epilepsy. Neurology. 1975 Jan;25(1):72-9. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid CSF
Value 0.0004 +/- 0.00006 uM
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex Male
Patient information Normal
Comments Not Available
References
  • Eklundh T, Eriksson M, Sjoberg S, Nordin C: Monoamine precursors, transmitters and metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid: a prospective study in healthy male subjects. J Psychiatr Res. 1996 May-Jun;30(3):201-8. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid CSF
Value 0.574 (0.302-0.845) uM
Age Infant:0-1 yr old
Sex N/A
Patient information Normal
Comments Not Available
References
  • Abdenur JE, Abeling N, Specola N, Jorge L, Schenone AB, van Cruchten AC, Chamoles NA: Aromatic l-aminoacid decarboxylase deficiency: unusual neonatal presentation and additional findings in organic acid analysis. Mol Genet Metab. 2006 Jan;87(1):48-53. Epub 2005 Nov 9. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid Urine
Value 2.2 (0.4-4.0) umol/mmol creatinine
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex Both
Patient information Normal
Comments Not Available
References
  • Mashige F, Ohkubo A, Matsushima Y, Takano M, Tsuchiya E, Kanazawa H, Nagata Y, Takai N, Shinozuka N, Sakuma I: High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of catecholamine metabolites and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in human urine using a mixed-mode column and an eight-channel electrode electrochemical detector. J Chromatogr B Biomed Appl. 1994 Aug 5;658(1):63-8. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid Urine
Value 4.93 +/- 3.37 umol/mmol creatinine
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex Both
Patient information Normal
Comments Not Available
References
  • Shoemaker JD, Elliott WH: Automated screening of urine samples for carbohydrates, organic and amino acids after treatment with urease. J Chromatogr. 1991 Jan 2;562(1-2):125-38. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid Urine
Value 10.9 umol/mmol creatinine
Age Infant:0-1 yr old
Sex Both
Patient information Normal
Comments Not Available
References
  • Dale G, McGill AC, Seviour JA, Craft AW: Urinary excretion of HMMA and HVA in infants. Ann Clin Biochem. 1988 May;25 ( Pt 3):233-6. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid Urine
Value 17.1 (7.1-28.6) umol/mmol creatinine
Age Newborn:0-30 days old
Sex Both
Patient information Normal
Comments Not Available
References
  • Guneral F, Bachmann C: Age-related reference values for urinary organic acids in a healthy Turkish pediatric population. Clin Chem. 1994 Jun;40(6):862-6. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid Urine
Value 20.6 (15.6-31.0) umol/mmol creatinine
Age Infant:0-1 yr old
Sex Both
Patient information Normal
Comments Not Available
References
  • Guneral F, Bachmann C: Age-related reference values for urinary organic acids in a healthy Turkish pediatric population. Clin Chem. 1994 Jun;40(6):862-6. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid Urine
Value 7.5 (3.6-14.6) umol/mmol creatinine
Age Children:1-13 yrs old
Sex Both
Patient information Normal
Comments Not Available
References
  • Guneral F, Bachmann C: Age-related reference values for urinary organic acids in a healthy Turkish pediatric population. Clin Chem. 1994 Jun;40(6):862-6. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid Urine
Value 5.6 (2.1-47.3) umol/mmol creatinine
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex Both
Patient information Normal
Comments Not Available
References
  • Guneral F, Bachmann C: Age-related reference values for urinary organic acids in a healthy Turkish pediatric population. Clin Chem. 1994 Jun;40(6):862-6. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid Urine
Value <=3.618 umol/mmol creatinine
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex Both
Patient information Normal
Comments Not Available
References
  • Merck Manual
Biofluid Urine
Value 10.5 (2.0-19.0) umol/mmol creatinine
Age Infant:0-1 yr old
Sex N/A
Patient information Normal
Comments Not Available
References
  • Abdenur JE, Abeling N, Specola N, Jorge L, Schenone AB, van Cruchten AC, Chamoles NA: Aromatic l-aminoacid decarboxylase deficiency: unusual neonatal presentation and additional findings in organic acid analysis. Mol Genet Metab. 2006 Jan;87(1):48-53. Epub 2005 Nov 9. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid Urine
Value 4.93 +/-3.37 umol/mmol creatinine
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex Both
Patient information Normal
Comments Not Available
References
  • Shoemaker JD, Elliott WH: Automated screening of urine samples for carbohydrates, organic and amino acids after treatment with urease. J Chromatogr. 1991 Jan 2;562(1-2):125-38. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid Urine
Value 0.047 +/- 0.027 uM
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex Both
Patient information Normal
Comments Not Available
References
  • Do KQ, Lauer CJ, Schreiber W, Zollinger M, Gutteck-Amsler U, Cuenod M, Holsboer F: gamma-Glutamylglutamine and taurine concentrations are decreased in the cerebrospinal fluid of drug-naive patients with schizophrenic disorders. J Neurochem. 1995 Dec;65(6):2652-62. [PubMed Link Image]
Concentrations (Abnormal)
Biofluid Blood
Value 0.062 +/- 0.022 uM
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex Male
Condition Schizophrenia
Comments Not Available
References
  • Alfredsson G, Wiesel FA: Monoamine metabolites and amino acids in serum from schizophrenic patients before and during sulpiride treatment. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1989;99(3):322-7. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid Blood
Value 0.071 +/- 0.022 uM
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex Female
Condition Schizophrenia
Comments Not Available
References
  • Alfredsson G, Wiesel FA: Monoamine metabolites and amino acids in serum from schizophrenic patients before and during sulpiride treatment. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1989;99(3):322-7. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid CSF
Value 0.00017 (0.00013-0.00022) uM
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex Both
Condition Hypothyroidism
Comments Not Available
References
  • Sjoberg S, Eriksson M, Nordin C: L-thyroxine treatment and neurotransmitter levels in the cerebrospinal fluid of hypothyroid patients: a pilot study. Eur J Endocrinol. 1998 Nov;139(5):493-7. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid CSF
Value 0.39 +/- 0.091 uM
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex N/A
Condition Narcolepsy
Comments Not Available
References
  • Strittmatter M, Isenberg E, Grauer MT, Hamann G, Schimrigk K: CSF substance P somatostatin and monoaminergic transmitter metabolites in patients with narcolepsy. Neurosci Lett. 1996 Nov 1;218(2):99-102. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid CSF
Value 0.21 +/- 0.08 uM
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex N/A
Condition Growth hormone deficiency
Comments Not Available
References
  • Burman P, Hetta J, Wide L, Mansson JE, Ekman R, Karlsson FA: Growth hormone treatment affects brain neurotransmitters and thyroxine [see comment] Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1996 Mar;44(3):319-24. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid CSF
Value 0.21 +/- 0.035 uM
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex Female
Condition Schizophrenia
Comments Not Available
References
  • Harnryd C, Bjerkenstedt L, Grimm VE, Sedvall G: Reduction of MOPEG levels in cerebrospinal fluid of psychotic women after electroconvulsive treatment. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1979 Aug 8;64(2):131-4. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid CSF
Value 0.19 +/- 0.030 uM
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex Female
Condition Schizophrenia
Comments Not Available
References
  • Harnryd C, Bjerkenstedt L, Grimm VE, Sedvall G: Reduction of MOPEG levels in cerebrospinal fluid of psychotic women after electroconvulsive treatment. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1979 Aug 8;64(2):131-4. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid CSF
Value 0.21 +/- 0.12 uM
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex N/A
Condition Epilepsy
Comments Not Available
References
  • Botez MI, Young SN: Effects of anticonvulsant treatment and low levels of folate and thiamine on amine metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid. Brain. 1991 Feb;114 ( Pt 1A):333-48. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid CSF
Value 0.05 +/- 0.03 uM
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex N/A
Condition Epilepsy
Comments Not Available
References
  • Botez MI, Young SN: Effects of anticonvulsant treatment and low levels of folate and thiamine on amine metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid. Brain. 1991 Feb;114 ( Pt 1A):333-48. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid CSF
Value 0.05 +/- 0.04 uM
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex Both
Condition Epilepsy
Comments Not Available
References
  • Botez MI, Young SN: Effects of anticonvulsant treatment and low levels of folate and thiamine on amine metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid. Brain. 1991 Feb;114 ( Pt 1A):333-48. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid CSF
Value 0.19 +/- 0.09 uM
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex N/A
Condition Epilepsy
Comments Not Available
References
  • Botez MI, Young SN: Effects of anticonvulsant treatment and low levels of folate and thiamine on amine metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid. Brain. 1991 Feb;114 ( Pt 1A):333-48. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid CSF
Value 0.17 +/- 0.084 uM
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex N/A
Condition Panic disorder
Comments Not Available
References
  • Eriksson E, Westberg P, Alling C, Thuresson K, Modigh K: Cerebrospinal fluid levels of monoamine metabolites in panic disorder. Psychiatry Res. 1991 Mar;36(3):243-51. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid CSF
Value 0.17 +/- 0.01 uM
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex N/A
Condition Olivopontocerebral atrophy
Comments Not Available
References
  • Botez MI, Young SN: Biogenic amine metabolites and thiamine in cerebrospinal fluid in heredo-degenerative ataxias. Can J Neurol Sci. 2001 May;28(2):134-40. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid CSF
Value 0.15 +/- 0.03 uM
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex N/A
Condition Hereditary spastic paraplegia
Comments Not Available
References
  • Botez MI, Young SN: Biogenic amine metabolites and thiamine in cerebrospinal fluid in heredo-degenerative ataxias. Can J Neurol Sci. 2001 May;28(2):134-40. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid CSF
Value 0.50 +/- 0.32 uM
Age Children:1-13 yrs old
Sex N/A
Condition Autism
Comments Not Available
References
  • Narayan M, Srinath S, Anderson GM, Meundi DB: Cerebrospinal fluid levels of homovanillic acid and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in autism. Biol Psychiatry. 1993 Apr 15-May 1;33(8-9):630-5. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid CSF
Value 0.16 +/- 0.095 uM
Age Elderly:>65 yrs old
Sex N/A
Condition Parkinson's disease
Comments Not Available
References
  • LeWitt PA, Galloway MP, Matson W, Milbury P, McDermott M, Srivastava DK, Oakes D: Markers of dopamine metabolism in Parkinson's disease. The Parkinson Study Group. Neurology. 1992 Nov;42(11):2111-7. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid CSF
Value 0.17 +/- 0.01 uM
Age N/A
Sex N/A
Condition Friedreich's ataxia
Comments Not Available
References
  • Botez MI, Young SN: Biogenic amine metabolites and thiamine in cerebrospinal fluid in heredo-degenerative ataxias. Can J Neurol Sci. 2001 May;28(2):134-40. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid CSF
Value 0.49 +/- 0.08 uM
Age Children:1-13 yrs old
Sex Both
Condition Epilepsy
Comments Not Available
References
  • Shaywitz BA, Cohen DJ, Bowers MB: Reduced cerebrospinal fluid 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid and homovanillic acid in children with epilepsy. Neurology. 1975 Jan;25(1):72-9. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid CSF
Value 0.20 +/- 0.09 uM
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex Both
Condition Major depressive disorder
Comments Also known as major depressive disorder, clinical depression, unipolar depression, unipolar major depression or unipolar disorder
References
  • Sheline Y, Bardgett ME, Csernansky JG: Correlated reductions in cerebrospinal fluid 5-HIAA and MHPG concentrations after treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 1997 Feb;17(1):11-4. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid CSF
Value 0.0002 +/- 0.00005 uM
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex Both
Condition Hypothyroidism
Comments Not Available
References
  • Sjoberg S, Eriksson M, Nordin C: L-thyroxine treatment and neurotransmitter levels in the cerebrospinal fluid of hypothyroid patients: a pilot study. Eur J Endocrinol. 1998 Nov;139(5):493-7. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid CSF
Value 0.083 +/- 0.000 uM
Age Infant:0-1 yr old
Sex Male
Condition Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase deficiency
Comments Not Available
References
  • Abdenur JE, Abeling N, Specola N, Jorge L, Schenone AB, van Cruchten AC, Chamoles NA: Aromatic l-aminoacid decarboxylase deficiency: unusual neonatal presentation and additional findings in organic acid analysis. Mol Genet Metab. 2006 Jan;87(1):48-53. Epub 2005 Nov 9. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid CSF
Value 0.038 +/- 0.016 uM
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex Both
Condition Schizophrenia
Comments Not Available
References
  • Do KQ, Lauer CJ, Schreiber W, Zollinger M, Gutteck-Amsler U, Cuenod M, Holsboer F: gamma-Glutamylglutamine and taurine concentrations are decreased in the cerebrospinal fluid of drug-naive patients with schizophrenic disorders. J Neurochem. 1995 Dec;65(6):2652-62. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid Urine
Value 2.9 +/- 0.0 umol/mmol creatinine
Age Infant:0-1 yr old
Sex Male
Condition Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase deficiency
Comments Not Available
References
  • Abdenur JE, Abeling N, Specola N, Jorge L, Schenone AB, van Cruchten AC, Chamoles NA: Aromatic l-aminoacid decarboxylase deficiency: unusual neonatal presentation and additional findings in organic acid analysis. Mol Genet Metab. 2006 Jan;87(1):48-53. Epub 2005 Nov 9. [PubMed Link Image]
Associated Disorders
Condition References
Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase deficiency
  • Abdenur JE, Abeling N, Specola N, Jorge L, Schenone AB, van Cruchten AC, Chamoles NA: Aromatic l-aminoacid decarboxylase deficiency: unusual neonatal presentation and additional findings in organic acid analysis. Mol Genet Metab. 2006 Jan;87(1):48-53. Epub 2005 Nov 9. [PubMed Link Image]
Autism
  • Narayan M, Srinath S, Anderson GM, Meundi DB: Cerebrospinal fluid levels of homovanillic acid and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in autism. Biol Psychiatry. 1993 Apr 15-May 1;33(8-9):630-5. [PubMed Link Image]
Down's syndrome
  • Kay AD, Schapiro MB, Riker AK, Haxby JV, Rapoport SI, Cutler NR: Cerebrospinal fluid monoaminergic metabolites are elevated in adults with Down's syndrome. Ann Neurol. 1987 Apr;21(4):408-11. [PubMed Link Image]
Epilepsy
Friedreich's ataxia
  • Botez MI, Young SN: Biogenic amine metabolites and thiamine in cerebrospinal fluid in heredo-degenerative ataxias. Can J Neurol Sci. 2001 May;28(2):134-40. [PubMed Link Image]
Growth hormone deficiency
  • Burman P, Hetta J, Wide L, Mansson JE, Ekman R, Karlsson FA: Growth hormone treatment affects brain neurotransmitters and thyroxine [see comment] Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1996 Mar;44(3):319-24. [PubMed Link Image]
Hereditary spastic paraplegia
  • Botez MI, Young SN: Biogenic amine metabolites and thiamine in cerebrospinal fluid in heredo-degenerative ataxias. Can J Neurol Sci. 2001 May;28(2):134-40. [PubMed Link Image]
Hypothyroidism
  • Sjoberg S, Eriksson M, Nordin C: L-thyroxine treatment and neurotransmitter levels in the cerebrospinal fluid of hypothyroid patients: a pilot study. Eur J Endocrinol. 1998 Nov;139(5):493-7. [PubMed Link Image]
Major depressive disorder
  • Sheline Y, Bardgett ME, Csernansky JG: Correlated reductions in cerebrospinal fluid 5-HIAA and MHPG concentrations after treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 1997 Feb;17(1):11-4. [PubMed Link Image]
Narcolepsy
  • Strittmatter M, Isenberg E, Grauer MT, Hamann G, Schimrigk K: CSF substance P somatostatin and monoaminergic transmitter metabolites in patients with narcolepsy. Neurosci Lett. 1996 Nov 1;218(2):99-102. [PubMed Link Image]
Neuroblastoma
  • Levreri I, Caruso U, Deiana F, Buoncompagni A, De Bernardi B, Marchese N, Melioli G: The secretion of ibuprofen metabolites interferes with the capillary chromatography of urinary homovanillic acid and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxymandelic acid in neuroblastoma diagnosis. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2005;43(2):173-7. [PubMed Link Image]
Olivopontocerebral atrophy
  • Botez MI, Young SN: Biogenic amine metabolites and thiamine in cerebrospinal fluid in heredo-degenerative ataxias. Can J Neurol Sci. 2001 May;28(2):134-40. [PubMed Link Image]
Panic disorder
  • Eriksson E, Westberg P, Alling C, Thuresson K, Modigh K: Cerebrospinal fluid levels of monoamine metabolites in panic disorder. Psychiatry Res. 1991 Mar;36(3):243-51. [PubMed Link Image]
Parkinson's disease
  • LeWitt PA, Galloway MP, Matson W, Milbury P, McDermott M, Srivastava DK, Oakes D: Markers of dopamine metabolism in Parkinson's disease. The Parkinson Study Group. Neurology. 1992 Nov;42(11):2111-7. [PubMed Link Image]
Schizophrenia
Tyrosine hydroxylase deficiency
  • Brautigam C, Wevers RA, Jansen RJ, Smeitink JA, de Rijk-van Andel JF, Gabreels FJ, Hoffmann GF: Biochemical hallmarks of tyrosine hydroxylase deficiency. Clin Chem. 1998 Sep;44(9):1897-904. [PubMed Link Image]
OMIM ID
Pathways
Name SMPDB Link KEGG Link
Tyrosine Metabolism SMP00006 Link Image map00350 Link Image
General References
  1. Needlman R, Zuckerman B, Anderson GM, Mirochnick M, Cohen DJ: Cerebrospinal fluid monoamine precursors and metabolites in human neonates following in utero cocaine exposure: a preliminary study. Pediatrics. 1993 Jul;92(1):55-60. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Houston JP, Maas JW, Bowden CL, Contreras SA, McIntyre KL, Javors MA: Cerebrospinal fluid HVA, central brain atrophy, and clinical state in schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res. 1986 Nov;19(3):207-14. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Scatton B, Dennis T, L'Heureux R, Monfort JC, Duyckaerts C, Javoy-Agid F: Degeneration of noradrenergic and serotonergic but not dopaminergic neurones in the lumbar spinal cord of parkinsonian patients. Brain Res. 1986 Aug 13;380(1):181-5. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Javors MA, Bowden CL, Maas JW: 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, and homovanillic acid in human cerebrospinal fluid. Storage and measurement by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and coulometric detection using 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyllactic acid as an internal standard. J Chromatogr. 1984 Dec 12;336(2):259-69. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Court JA, Lloyd S, Thomas N, Piggott MA, Marshall EF, Morris CM, Lamb H, Perry RH, Johnson M, Perry EK: Dopamine and nicotinic receptor binding and the levels of dopamine and homovanillic acid in human brain related to tobacco use. Neuroscience. 1998 Nov;87(1):63-78. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Reynolds GP, Garrett NJ: Striatal dopamine and homovanillic acid in Huntington's disease. J Neural Transm. 1986;65(2):151-5. [PubMed Link Image]
  7. Kay AD, Schapiro MB, Riker AK, Haxby JV, Rapoport SI, Cutler NR: Cerebrospinal fluid monoaminergic metabolites are elevated in adults with Down's syndrome. Ann Neurol. 1987 Apr;21(4):408-11. [PubMed Link Image]
  8. Lovenberg W, Levine RA, Robinson DS, Ebert M, Williams AC, Calne DB: Hydroxylase cofactor activity in cerebrospinal fluid of normal subjects and patients with Parkinson's disease. Science. 1979 May 11;204(4393):624-6. [PubMed Link Image]
  9. Ruberg M, Javoy-Agid F, Hirsch E, Scatton B, LHeureux R, Hauw JJ, Duyckaerts C, Gray F, Morel-Maroger A, Rascol A, et al.: Dopaminergic and cholinergic lesions in progressive supranuclear palsy. Ann Neurol. 1985 Nov;18(5):523-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  10. Kaminski R, Powchick P, Warne PA, Goldstein M, McQueeney RT, Davidson M: Measurement of plasma homovanillic acid concentrations in schizophrenic patients. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 1990;14(3):271-87. [PubMed Link Image]
  11. Birkmayer W, Birkmayer GJ: Nicotinamidadenindinucleotide (NADH): the new approach in the therapy of Parkinson's disease. Ann Clin Lab Sci. 1989 Jan-Feb;19(1):38-43. [PubMed Link Image]
  12. Lambert GW, Eisenhofer G, Jennings GL, Esler MD: Regional homovanillic acid production in humans. Life Sci. 1993;53(1):63-75. [PubMed Link Image]
  13. Pifl C, Schingnitz G, Hornykiewicz O: The neurotoxin MPTP does not reproduce in the rhesus monkey the interregional pattern of striatal dopamine loss typical of human idiopathic Parkinson's disease. Neurosci Lett. 1988 Oct 5;92(2):228-33. [PubMed Link Image]
  14. Grant DB, Dunger DB, Smith I, Hyland K: Familial glucocorticoid deficiency with achalasia of the cardia associated with mixed neuropathy, long-tract degeneration and mild dementia. Eur J Pediatr. 1992 Feb;151(2):85-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  15. Eriksson E, Westberg P, Alling C, Thuresson K, Modigh K: Cerebrospinal fluid levels of monoamine metabolites in panic disorder. Psychiatry Res. 1991 Mar;36(3):243-51. [PubMed Link Image]
  16. Lepore V, Di Reda N, Defazio G, Pedone D, Giovine A, Lanzi C, Tartaglione B, Livrea P: Dopaminomimetic action of diphenylhydantoin in rat striatum: effect on homovanillic acid and cyclic AMP levels. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1985;86(1-2):27-30. [PubMed Link Image]
  17. Hyland K, Gunasekara RS, Munk-Martin TL, Arnold LA, Engle T: The hph-1 mouse: a model for dominantly inherited GTP-cyclohydrolase deficiency. Ann Neurol. 2003;54 Suppl 6:S46-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  18. Levreri I, Caruso U, Deiana F, Buoncompagni A, De Bernardi B, Marchese N, Melioli G: The secretion of ibuprofen metabolites interferes with the capillary chromatography of urinary homovanillic acid and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxymandelic acid in neuroblastoma diagnosis. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2005;43(2):173-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  19. Guneral F, Bachmann C: Age-related reference values for urinary organic acids in a healthy Turkish pediatric population. Clin Chem. 1994 Jun;40(6):862-6. [PubMed Link Image]
  20. Broderick PA, Barr GA, Sharpless NS, Bridger WH: Biogenic amine alterations in limbic brain regions of muricidal rats. Res Commun Chem Pathol Pharmacol. 1985 Apr;48(1):3-15. [PubMed Link Image]
  21. Sjoberg S, Eriksson M, Nordin C: L-thyroxine treatment and neurotransmitter levels in the cerebrospinal fluid of hypothyroid patients: a pilot study. Eur J Endocrinol. 1998 Nov;139(5):493-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  22. Sullivan GM, Oquendo MA, Huang YY, Mann JJ: Elevated cerebrospinal fluid 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid levels in women with comorbid depression and panic disorder. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 2006 Oct;9(5):547-56. Epub 2005 Nov 1. [PubMed Link Image]
  23. Lekman A, Witt-Engerstrom I, Gottfries J, Hagberg BA, Percy AK, Svennerholm L: Rett syndrome: biogenic amines and metabolites in postmortem brain. Pediatr Neurol. 1989 Nov-Dec;5(6):357-62. [PubMed Link Image]
  24. Losonczy MF, Song IS, Mohs RC, Mathe AA, Davidson M, Davis BM, Davis KL: Correlates of lateral ventricular size in chronic schizophrenia, II: biological measures. Am J Psychiatry. 1986 Sep;143(9):1113-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  25. Seeldrayers P, Messina D, Desmedt D, Dalesio O, Hildebrand J: CSF levels of neurotransmitters in Alzheimer-type dementia. Effects of ergoloid mesylate. Acta Neurol Scand. 1985 May;71(5):411-4. [PubMed Link Image]
  26. Lembreghts M, Ansseau M: [Biological markers in schizophrenia] Encephale. 1993 Sep-Oct;19(5):501-23. [PubMed Link Image]
  27. Dale G, McGill AC, Seviour JA, Craft AW: Urinary excretion of HMMA and HVA in infants. Ann Clin Biochem. 1988 May;25 ( Pt 3):233-6. [PubMed Link Image]
  28. Sardar AM, Czudek C, Reynolds GP: Dopamine deficits in the brain: the neurochemical basis of parkinsonian symptoms in AIDS. Neuroreport. 1996 Mar 22;7(4):910-2. [PubMed Link Image]
  29. Ormazabal A, Garcia-Cazorla A, Fernandez Y, Fernandez-Alvarez E, Campistol J, Artuch R: HPLC with electrochemical and fluorescence detection procedures for the diagnosis of inborn errors of biogenic amines and pterins. J Neurosci Methods. 2005 Mar 15;142(1):153-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  30. Ali SF, Kordsmeier KJ, Gough B: Drug-induced circling preference in rats. Correlation with monoamine levels. Mol Neurobiol. 1995 Aug-Dec;11(1-3):145-54. [PubMed Link Image]
  31. Eklundh T, Eriksson M, Sjoberg S, Nordin C: Monoamine precursors, transmitters and metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid: a prospective study in healthy male subjects. J Psychiatr Res. 1996 May-Jun;30(3):201-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  32. von Holst H, Lindquist C, Sedvall G: Increased concentrations of the monoamine metabolites homovanillic acid and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in lumbar and central CSF and of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol in lumbar CSF after subarachnoid haemorrhage. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 1985;77(3-4):146-51. [PubMed Link Image]
  33. Strittmatter M, Isenberg E, Grauer MT, Hamann G, Schimrigk K: CSF substance P somatostatin and monoaminergic transmitter metabolites in patients with narcolepsy. Neurosci Lett. 1996 Nov 1;218(2):99-102. [PubMed Link Image]
  34. Curtin F, Walker JP, Peyrin L, Soulier V, Badan M, Schulz P: Reward dependence is positively related to urinary monoamines in normal men. Biol Psychiatry. 1997 Aug 15;42(4):275-81. [PubMed Link Image]
  35. Abramowsky CR, Taylor SR, Anton AH, Berk AI, Roederer M, Murphy RF: Flow cytometry DNA ploidy analysis and catecholamine secretion profiles in neuroblastoma. Cancer. 1989 May 1;63(9):1752-6. [PubMed Link Image]
  36. Sumiyoshi T, Yotsutsuji T, Kurachi M, Itoh H, Kurokawa K, Saitoh O: Effect of mental stress on plasma homovanillic acid in healthy human subjects. Neuropsychopharmacology. 1998 Jul;19(1):70-3. [PubMed Link Image]
  37. Jolicoeur FB, Rivest R, Drumheller A: Hypokinesia, rigidity, and tremor induced by hypothalamic 6-OHDA lesions in the rat. Brain Res Bull. 1991 Feb;26(2):317-20. [PubMed Link Image]
  38. Harnryd C, Bjerkenstedt L, Grimm VE, Sedvall G: Reduction of MOPEG levels in cerebrospinal fluid of psychotic women after electroconvulsive treatment. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1979 Aug 8;64(2):131-4. [PubMed Link Image]
  39. di Rocco A, Bottiglieri T, Dorfman D, Werner P, Morrison C, Simpson D: Decreased homovanilic acid in cerebrospinal fluid correlates with impaired neuropsychologic function in HIV-1-infected patients. Clin Neuropharmacol. 2000 Jul-Aug;23(4):190-4. [PubMed Link Image]
  40. Van Der Heyden JC, Rotteveel JJ, Wevers RA: Decreased homovanillic acid concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid in children without a known defect in dopamine metabolism. Eur J Paediatr Neurol. 2003;7(1):31-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  41. Shoemaker JD, Elliott WH: Automated screening of urine samples for carbohydrates, organic and amino acids after treatment with urease. J Chromatogr. 1991 Jan 2;562(1-2):125-38. [PubMed Link Image]
  42. Brautigam C, Wevers RA, Jansen RJ, Smeitink JA, de Rijk-van Andel JF, Gabreels FJ, Hoffmann GF: Biochemical hallmarks of tyrosine hydroxylase deficiency. Clin Chem. 1998 Sep;44(9):1897-904. [PubMed Link Image]
  43. Amin F, Stroe AE, Kahn T, Knott PJ, Kahn RS, Davidson M: Control of renal factors in plasma homovanillic acid measurements. Neuropsychopharmacology. 1998 Apr;18(4):317-20. [PubMed Link Image]
  44. Mashige F, Ohkubo A, Matsushima Y, Takano M, Tsuchiya E, Kanazawa H, Nagata Y, Takai N, Shinozuka N, Sakuma I: High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of catecholamine metabolites and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in human urine using a mixed-mode column and an eight-channel electrode electrochemical detector. J Chromatogr B Biomed Appl. 1994 Aug 5;658(1):63-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  45. Lambert GW, Eisenhofer G, Esler MD: The influence of aging on the plasma concentration and renal clearance of homovanillic acid. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 1994;19(1):33-41. [PubMed Link Image]
  46. Goldstein DS, Eisenhofer G, Kopin IJ: Sources and significance of plasma levels of catechols and their metabolites in humans. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2003 Jun;305(3):800-11. Epub 2003 Mar 20. [PubMed Link Image]
  47. Konradi C, Kornhuber J, Sofic E, Heckers S, Riederer P, Beckmann H: Variations of monoamines and their metabolites in the human brain putamen. Brain Res. 1992 May 8;579(2):285-90. [PubMed Link Image]
  48. Riddle MA, Jatlow PI, Anderson GM, Cho SC, Hardin MT, Cohen DJ, Leckman JF: Plasma debrisoquin levels in the assessment of reduction of plasma homovanillic acid. The debrisoquin method. Neuropsychopharmacology. 1989 Jun;2(2):123-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  49. Honma T, Miyagawa M, Suda M, Wang RS, Kobayashi K, Sekiguchi S: Effects of perinatal exposure to bisphenol A on brain neurotransmitters in female rat offspring. Ind Health. 2006 Jul;44(3):510-24. [PubMed Link Image]
  50. Sambo P, Baroni SS, Luchetti M, Paroncini P, Dusi S, Orlandini G, Gabrielli A: Oxidative stress in scleroderma: maintenance of scleroderma fibroblast phenotype by the constitutive up-regulation of reactive oxygen species generation through the NADPH oxidase complex pathway. Arthritis Rheum. 2001 Nov;44(11):2653-64. [PubMed Link Image]
  51. Ferreira C, Paes M, Gouveia A, Ferreira E, Padua F, Fiuza T: Plasma homovanillic acid and prolactin in systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus. 1998;7(6):392-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  52. Post RM, Goodwin FK: Time-dependent effects of phenothiazines on dopamine turnover in psychiatric patients. Science. 1975 Oct 31;190(4213):488-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  53. Azzaro AJ, King J, Kotzuk J, Schoepp DD, Frost J, Schochet S: Guinea pig striatum as a model of human dopamine deamination: the role of monoamine oxidase isozyme ratio, localization, and affinity for substrate in synaptic dopamine metabolism. J Neurochem. 1985 Sep;45(3):949-56. [PubMed Link Image]
  54. Silbergeld EK, Chisolm JJ Jr: Lead poisoning: altered urinary catecholamine metabolites as indicators of intoxication in mice and children. Science. 1976 Apr 9;192(4235):153-5. [PubMed Link Image]
  55. Kish SJ, Shannak K, Rajput A, Deck JH, Hornykiewicz O: Aging produces a specific pattern of striatal dopamine loss: implications for the etiology of idiopathic Parkinson's disease. J Neurochem. 1992 Feb;58(2):642-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  56. Kania BF: Presynaptic stimulation of dopaminergic CNS structures in sheep as a mechanism of immobilising action of Immobyl (fentanyl + azaperone). Res Vet Sci. 1985 Mar;38(2):179-83. [PubMed Link Image]
  57. Ebinger G, Michotte Y, Herregodts P: The significance of homovanillic acid and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid concentrations in human lumbar cerebrospinal fluid. J Neurochem. 1987 Jun;48(6):1725-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  58. Burman P, Hetta J, Wide L, Mansson JE, Ekman R, Karlsson FA: Growth hormone treatment affects brain neurotransmitters and thyroxine [see comment] Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1996 Mar;44(3):319-24. [PubMed Link Image]
  59. Narayan M, Srinath S, Anderson GM, Meundi DB: Cerebrospinal fluid levels of homovanillic acid and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in autism. Biol Psychiatry. 1993 Apr 15-May 1;33(8-9):630-5. [PubMed Link Image]
  60. Hagenfeldt L, Bjerkenstedt L, Edman G, Sedvall G, Wiesel FA: Amino acids in plasma and CSF and monoamine metabolites in CSF: interrelationship in healthy subjects. J Neurochem. 1984 Mar;42(3):833-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  61. Bowers MB Jr, Hoffman FJ Jr, Morton JB: Diazepam and haloperidol. Effect on regional brain homovanillic acid levels. Neuropsychopharmacology. 1991 Aug;5(1):65-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  62. Amin F, Silverman JM, Siever LJ, Smith CJ, Knott PJ, Davis KL: Genetic antecedents of dopamine dysfunction in schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry. 1999 May 1;45(9):1143-50. [PubMed Link Image]
  63. Wikipedia Link Image
Metabolic Enzymes
  1. Catechol O-methyltransferase
  2. Aldehyde dehydrogenase, dimeric NADP-preferring
  3. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A3
  4. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 3B2
  5. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 3B1 (Aldehyde dehydrogenase 3 family, member B1, isoform CRA_c) (cDNA FLJ77312, highly similar to Homo sapiens aldehyde dehydrogenase 3 family, member B1 (ALDH3B1),mRNA)
Enzyme 1 [top]
Enzyme 1 ID 5504
Enzyme 1 Name Catechol O-methyltransferase
Enzyme 1 Synonyms Not Available
Enzyme 1 Gene Name COMT
Enzyme 1 Protein Sequence >Catechol O-methyltransferase
MPEAPPLLLAAVLLGLVLLVVLLLLLRHWGWGLCLIGWNEFILQPIHNLLMGDTKEQRIL
NHVLQHAEPGNAQSVLEAIDTYCEQKEWAMNVGDKKGKIVDAVIQEHQPSVLLELGAYCG
YSAVRMARLLSPGARLITIEINPDCAAITQRMVDFAGVKDKVTLVVGASQDIIPQLKKKY
DVDTLDMVFLDHWKDRYLPDTLLLEECGLLRKGTVLLADNVICPGAPDFLAHVRGSSCFE
CTHYQSFLEYREVVDGLEKAIYKGPGSEAGP
Enzyme 1 Number of Residues 271
Enzyme 1 Molecular Weight 30037
Enzyme 1 Theoretical pI 5.15
Enzyme 1 GO Classification
Function
  • O-methyltransferase activity
  • catalytic activity
  • methyltransferase activity
  • transferase activity
  • transferase activity, transferring one-carbon groups
Process
Component
Enzyme 1 General Function Not Available
Enzyme 1 Specific Function Catalyzes the O-methylation, and thereby the inactivation, of catecholamine neurotransmitters and catechol hormones. Also shortens the biological half-lives of certain neuroactive drugs, like L-DOPA, alpha-methyl DOPA and isoproterenol
Enzyme 1 Pathways
Enzyme 1 Reactions
  • S-adenosyl-L-methionine + a catechol = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + a guaiacol
Enzyme 1 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 1 Signals
  • 1-32
Enzyme 1 Transmembrane Regions Not Available
Enzyme 1 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 1 GenBank ID Protein 180920 Link Image
Enzyme 1 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P21964 Link Image
Enzyme 1 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name COMT_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 1 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 1 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 1 Gene Sequence >816 bp
ATGCCGGAGGCCCCGCCTCTGCTGTTGGCAGCTGTGTTGCTGGGCCTGGTGCTGCTGGTG
GTGCTGCTGCTGCTTCTGAGGCACTGGGGCTGGGGCCTGTGCCTTATCGGCTGGAACGAG
TTCATCCTGCAGCCCATCCACAACCTGCTCATGGGTGACACCAAGGAGCAGCGCATCCTG
AACCACGTGCTGCAGCATGCGGAGCCCGGGAACGCACAGAGCGTGCTGGAGGCCATTGAC
ACCTACTGCGAGCAGAAGGAGTGGGCCATGAACGTGGGCGACAAGAAAGGCAAGATCGTG
GACGCCGTGATTCAGGAGCACCAGCCCTCCGTGCTGCTGGAGCTGGGGGCCTACTGTGGC
TACTCAGCTGTGCGCATGGCCCGCCTGCTGTCACCAGGGGCGAGGCTCATCACCATCGAG
ATCAACCCCGACTGTGCCGCCATCACCCAGCGGATGGTGGATTTCGCTGGCGTGAAGGAC
AAGGTCACCCTTGTGGTTGGAGCGTCCCAGGACATCATCCCCCAGCTGAAGAAGAAGTAT
GATGTGGACACACTGGACATGGTCTTCCTCGACCACTGGAAGGACCGGTACCTGCCGGAC
ACGCTTCTCTTGGAGGAATGTGGCCTGCTGCGGAAGGGGACAGTGCTACTGGCTGACAAC
GTGATCTGCCCAGGTGCGCCAGACTTCCTAGCACACGTGCGCGGGAGCAGCTGCTTTGAG
TGCACACACTACCAATCGTTCCTGGAATACAGGGAGGTGGTGGACGGCCTGGAGAAGGCC
ATCTACAAGGGCCCAGGCAGCGAAGCAGGGCCCTGA
Enzyme 1 GenBank Gene ID M65212 Link Image
Enzyme 1 GeneCard ID COMT Link Image
Enzyme 1 GenAtlas ID COMT Link Image
Enzyme 1 HGNC ID HGNC:2228 Link Image
Enzyme 1 Chromosome Location 22
Enzyme 1 Locus 22q11.21-q11.23|22q11.21
Enzyme 1 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 1 General References
  1. Lundstrom K, Salminen M, Jalanko A, Savolainen R, Ulmanen I: Cloning and characterization of human placental catechol-O-methyltransferase cDNA. DNA Cell Biol. 1991 Apr;10(3):181-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Bertocci B, Miggiano V, Da Prada M, Dembic Z, Lahm HW, Malherbe P: Human catechol-O-methyltransferase: cloning and expression of the membrane-associated form. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Feb 15;88(4):1416-20. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Tenhunen J, Salminen M, Lundstrom K, Kiviluoto T, Savolainen R, Ulmanen I: Genomic organization of the human catechol O-methyltransferase gene and its expression from two distinct promoters. Eur J Biochem. 1994 Aug 1;223(3):1049-59. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Tilgmann C, Kalkkinen N: Purification and partial sequence analysis of the soluble catechol-O-methyltransferase from human placenta: comparison to the rat liver enzyme. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1991 Jan 31;174(2):995-1002. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Ulmanen I, Lundstrom K: Cell-free synthesis of rat and human catechol O-methyltransferase. Insertion of the membrane-bound form into microsomal membranes in vitro. Eur J Biochem. 1991 Dec 18;202(3):1013-20. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Lachman HM, Papolos DF, Saito T, Yu YM, Szumlanski CL, Weinshilboum RM: Human catechol-O-methyltransferase pharmacogenetics: description of a functional polymorphism and its potential application to neuropsychiatric disorders. Pharmacogenetics. 1996 Jun;6(3):243-50. [PubMed Link Image]
  7. Cargill M, Altshuler D, Ireland J, Sklar P, Ardlie K, Patil N, Shaw N, Lane CR, Lim EP, Kalyanaraman N, Nemesh J, Ziaugra L, Friedland L, Rolfe A, Warrington J, Lipshutz R, Daley GQ, Lander ES: Characterization of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in coding regions of human genes. Nat Genet. 1999 Jul;22(3):231-8. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 1 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 2 [top]
Enzyme 2 ID 5527
Enzyme 2 Name Aldehyde dehydrogenase, dimeric NADP-preferring
Enzyme 2 Synonyms
  1. ALDH class 3
  2. ALDHIII
Enzyme 2 Gene Name ALDH3A1
Enzyme 2 Protein Sequence >Aldehyde dehydrogenase, dimeric NADP-preferring
MSKISEAVKRARAAFSSGRTRPLQFRIQQLEALQRLIQEQEQELVGALAADLHKNEWNAY
YEEVVYVLEEIEYMIQKLPEWAADEPVEKTPQTQQDELYIHSEPLGVVLVIGTWNYPFNL
TIQPMVGAIAAGNAVVLKPSELSENMASLLATIIPQYLDKDLYPVINGGVPETTELLKER
FDHILYTGSTGVGKIIMTAAAKHLTPVTLELGGKSPCYVDKNCDLDVACRRIAWGKFMNS
GQTCVAPDYILCDPSIQNQIVEKLKKSLKEFYGEDAKKSRDYGRIISARHFQRVMGLIEG
QKVAYGGTGDAATRYIAPTILTDVDPQSPVMQEEIFGPVLPIVCVRSLEEAIQFINQREK
PLALYMFSSNDKVIKKMIAETSSGGVAANDVIVHITLHSLPFGGVGNSGMGSYHGKKSFE
TFSHRRSCLVRPLMNDEGLKVRYPPSPAKMTQH
Enzyme 2 Number of Residues 453
Enzyme 2 Molecular Weight 50380
Enzyme 2 Theoretical pI 6.52
Enzyme 2 GO Classification
Function
  • catalytic activity
  • oxidoreductase activity
Process
  • metabolism
  • physiological process
Component
Enzyme 2 General Function Energy production and conversion
Enzyme 2 Specific Function ALDHs play a major role in the detoxification of alcohol-derived acetaldehyde. They are involved in the metabolism of corticosteroids, biogenic amines, neurotransmitters, and lipid peroxidation. This protein preferentially oxidizes aromatic aldehyde substrates. It may play a role in the oxidation of toxic aldehydes
Enzyme 2 Pathways
Enzyme 2 Reactions
  • an aldehyde + NAD(P)+ + H2O = an acid + NAD(P)H + H+
Enzyme 2 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 2 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 2 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 2 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 2 GenBank ID Protein 178402 Link Image
Enzyme 2 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P30838 Link Image
Enzyme 2 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name AL3A1_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 2 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 2 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 2 Gene Sequence >1362 bp
ATGAGCAAGATCAGCGAGGCCGTGAAGCGCGCCCGCGCCGCCTTCAGCTCGGGCAGGACC
CGTCCGCTGCAGTTCCGATTCCAGCAGCTGGAGGCGCTGCAGCGCCTGATCCAGGAGCAG
GAGCAGGAGCTGGTGGGCGCGCTGGCCGCAGACCTGCACAAGAATGAATGGAACGCCTAC
TATGAGGAGGTGGTGTACGTCCTAGAGGAGATCGAGTACATGATCCAGAAGCTCCCTGAG
TGGGCCGCGGATGAGCCCGTGGAGAAGACGCCCCAGACTCAGCAGGACGAGCTCTACATC
CACTCGGAGCCACTGGGCGTGGTCCTCGTCATTGGCACCTGGAACTACCCCTTCAACCTC
ACCATCCAGCCCATGGTGGGCGCCATCGCTGCAGGGAACGCAGTGGTCCTCAAGCCCTCG
GAGCTGAGTGAGAACATGGCGAGCCTGCTGGCTACCATCATCCCCCAGTACCTGGACAAG
GATCTGTACCCAGTAATCAATGGGGGTGTCCCTGAGACCACGGAGCTGCTCAAGGAGAGG
TTCGACCATATCCTGTACACGGGCAGCACGGGGGTGGGGAAGATCATCATGACGGCTGCT
GCCAAGCACCTGACCCCTGTCACGCTGGAGCTGGGAGGGAAGAGTCCCTGCTACGTGGAC
AAGAACTGTGACCTGGACGTGGCCTGCCGACGCATCGCCTGGGGGAAATTCATGAACAGT
GGCCAGACCTGCGTGGCCCCAGACTACATCCTCTGTGACCCCTCGATCCAGAACCAAATT
GTGGAGAAGCTCAAGAAGTCACTGAAAGAGTTCTACGGGGAAGATGCTAAGAAATCCCGG
GACTATGGAAGAATCATTAGTGCCCGGCACTTCCAGAGGGTGATGGGCCTGATTGAGGGC
CAGAAGGTGGCTTATGGGGGCACCGGGGATGCCGCCACTCGCTACATAGCCCCCACCATC
CTCACGGACGTGGACCCCCAGTCCCCGGTGATGCAAGAGGAGATCTTCGGGCCTGTGCTG
CCCATCGTGTGCGTGCGCAGCCTGGAGGAGGCCATCCAGTTCATCAACCAGCGTGAGAAG
CCCCTGGCCCTCTACATGTTCTCCAGCAACGACAAGGTGATTAAGAAGATGATTGCAGAG
ACATCCAGTGGTGGGGTGGCGGCCAACGATGTCATCGTCCACATCACCTTGCACTCTCTG
CCCTTCGGGGGCGTGGGGAACAGCGGCATGGGATCCTACCATGGCAAGAAGAGCTTCGAG
ACTTTCTCTCACCGCCGCTCTTGCCTGGTGAGGCCTCTGATGAATGATGAAGGCCTGAAG
GTCAGATACCCCCCGAGCCCGGCCAAGATGACCCAGCACTGA
Enzyme 2 GenBank Gene ID M74542 Link Image
Enzyme 2 GeneCard ID ALDH3A1 Link Image
Enzyme 2 GenAtlas ID ALDH3A1 Link Image
Enzyme 2 HGNC ID HGNC:405 Link Image
Enzyme 2 Chromosome Location 17
Enzyme 2 Locus 17p11.2
Enzyme 2 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 2 General References
  1. Hsu LC, Chang WC, Shibuya A, Yoshida A: Human stomach aldehyde dehydrogenase cDNA and genomic cloning, primary structure, and expression in Escherichia coli. J Biol Chem. 1992 Feb 15;267(5):3030-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Hsu LC, Yoshida A: Human stomach aldehyde dehydrogenase, ALDH3. Adv Exp Med Biol. 1993;328:141-52. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Yin SJ, Vagelopoulos N, Wang SL, Jornvall H: Structural features of stomach aldehyde dehydrogenase distinguish dimeric aldehyde dehydrogenase as a 'variable' enzyme. 'Variable' and 'constant' enzymes within the alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenase families. FEBS Lett. 1991 May 20;283(1):85-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Tsukamoto N, Chang C, Yoshida A: Mutations associated with Sjogren-Larsson syndrome. Ann Hum Genet. 1997 May;61(Pt 3):235-42. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 2 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 3 [top]
Enzyme 3 ID 5529
Enzyme 3 Name Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A3
Enzyme 3 Synonyms
  1. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 6
  2. Retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 3
  3. RALDH-3
Enzyme 3 Gene Name ALDH1A3
Enzyme 3 Protein Sequence >Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A3
MATANGAVENGQPDRKPPALPRPIRNLEVKFTKIFINNEWHESKSGKKFATCNPSTREQI
CEVEEGDKPDVDKAVEAAQVAFQRGSPWRRLDALSRGRLLHQLADLVERDRATLAALETM
DTGKPFLHAFFIDLEGCIRTLRYFAGWADKIQGKTIPTDDNVVCFTRHEPIGVCGAITPW
NFPLLMLVWKLAPALCCGNTMVLKPAEQTPLTALYLGSLIKEAGFPPGVVNIVPGFGPTV
GAAISSHPQINKIAFTGSTEVGKLVKEAASRSNLKRVTLELGGKNPCIVCADADLDLAVE
CAHQGVFFNQGQCCTAASRVFVEEQVYSEFVRRSVEYAKKRPVGDPFDVKTEQGPQIDQK
QFDKILELIESGKKEGAKLECGGSAMEDKGLFIKPTVFSEVTDNMRIAKEEIFGPVQPIL
KFKSIEEVIKRANSTDYGLTAAVFTKNLDKALKLASALESGTVWINCYNALYAQAPFGGF
KMSGNGRELGEYALAEYTEVKTVTIKLGDKNP
Enzyme 3 Number of Residues 512
Enzyme 3 Molecular Weight 56109
Enzyme 3 Theoretical pI 7.29
Enzyme 3 GO Classification
Function
  • catalytic activity
  • oxidoreductase activity
Process
  • metabolism
  • physiological process
Component
Enzyme 3 General Function Energy production and conversion
Enzyme 3 Specific Function Recognizes as substrates free retinal and cellular retinol-binding protein-bound retinal. Seems to be the key enzyme in the formation of an RA gradient along the dorso-ventral axis during the early eye development and also in the development of the olfactory system
Enzyme 3 Pathways
Enzyme 3 Reactions
  • an aldehyde + NAD(P)+ + H2O = an acid + NAD(P)H + H+
Enzyme 3 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 3 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 3 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 3 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 3 GenBank ID Protein 544482 Link Image
Enzyme 3 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P47895 Link Image
Enzyme 3 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name AL1A3_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 3 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 3 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 3 Gene Sequence >1539 bp
ATGGCCACCGCTAACGGGGCCGTGGAAAACGGGCAGCCGGACGGGAAGCCGCCGGCCCTG
CCGCGCCCCATCCGCAACCTGGAGGTCAAGTTCACCAAGATATTTATCAACAATGAATGG
CACGAATCCAAGAGTGGGAAAAAGTTTGCTACATGTAACCCTTCAACTCGGGAGCAAATA
TGTGAAGTGGAAGAAGGAGATAAGCCCGACGTGGACAAGGCTGTGGAGGCTGCACAGGTT
GCCTTCCAGAGGGGCTCGCCATGGCGCCGGCTGGATGCCCTGAGTCGTGGGCGGCTGCTG
CACCAGCTGGCTGACCTGGTGGAGAGGGACCGCGCCACCTTGGCCGCCCTGGAGACGATG
GATACAGGGAAGCCATTTCTTCATGCTTTTTTCATCGACCTGGAGGGCTGTATTAGAACC
CTCAGATACTTTGCAGGGTGGGCAGACAAAATCCAGGGCAAGACCATCCCCACAGATGAC
AACGTCGTATGCTTCACCAGGCATGAGCCCATTGGTGTCTGTGGGGCCATCACTCCATGG
AACTTCCCCCTGCTGATGCTGGTGTGGAAGCTGGCACCCGCCCTCTGCTGTGGGAACACC
ATGGTCCTGAAGCCTGCGGAGCAGACACCTCTCACCGCCCTTTATCTCGGCTCTCTGATC
AAAGAGGCCGGGTTCCCTCCAGGAGTGGTGAACATTGTGCCAGGATTCGGGCCCACAGTG
GGAGCAGCAATTTCTTCTCACCCTCAGATCAACAAGATCGCCTTCACCGGCTCCACAGAG
GTTGGAAAACTGGTTAAAGAAGCTGCGTCCCGGAGCAATCTGAAGCGGGTGACGCTGGAG
CTGGGGGGGAAGAACCCCTGCATCGTGTGTGCGGACGCTGACTTGGACTTGGCAGTGGAG
TGTGCCCATCAGGGAGTGTTCTTCAACCAAGGCCAGTGTTGCACGGCAGCCTCCAGGGTG
TTCGTGGAGGAGCAGGTCTACTCTGAGTTTGTCAGGCGGAGCGTGGAGTATGCCAAGAAA
CGGCCCGTGGGAGACCCCTTCGATGTCAAAACAGAACAGGGGCCTCAGATTGATCAAAAG
CAGTTCGACAAAATCTTAGAGCTGATCGAGAGTGGGAAGAAGGAAGGGGCCAAGCTGGAA
TGCGGGGGCTCAGCCATGGAAGACAAGGGGCTCTTCATCAAACCCACTGTCTTCTCAGAA
GTCACAGACAACATGCGGATTGCCAAAGAGGAGATTTTCGGGCCAGTGCAACCAATACTG
AAGTTCAAAAGTATCGAAGAAGTGATAAAAAGAGCGAATAGCACCGACTATGGACTCACA
GCAGCCGTGTTCACAAAAAATCTCGACAAAGCCCTGAAGTTGGCTTCTGCCTTAGAGTCT
GGAACGGTCTGGATCAACTGCTACAACGCCCTCTATGCACAGGCTCCATTTGGTGGCTTT
AAAATGTCAGGAAATGGCAGAGAACTAGGTGAATACGCTTTGGCCGAATACACAGAAGTG
AAAACTGTCACCATCAAACTTGGCGACAAGAACCCCTGA
Enzyme 3 GenBank Gene ID U07919 Link Image
Enzyme 3 GeneCard ID ALDH1A3 Link Image
Enzyme 3 GenAtlas ID ALDH1A3 Link Image
Enzyme 3 HGNC ID HGNC:409 Link Image
Enzyme 3 Chromosome Location 15
Enzyme 3 Locus 15q26.3
Enzyme 3 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 3 General References
  1. Hsu LC, Chang WC, Hiraoka L, Hsieh CL: Molecular cloning, genomic organization, and chromosomal localization of an additional human aldehyde dehydrogenase gene, ALDH6. Genomics. 1994 Nov 15;24(2):333-41. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 3 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 4 [top]
Enzyme 4 ID 5810
Enzyme 4 Name Aldehyde dehydrogenase 3B2
Enzyme 4 Synonyms
  1. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 8
Enzyme 4 Gene Name ALDH3B2
Enzyme 4 Protein Sequence >Aldehyde dehydrogenase 3B2
MKDEPRSTNLFMKLDSVFIWKEPFGLVLIIAPWNYPLNLTLVLLVGALAAGNCVVLKPSE
ISQGTEKVLAEVLPQYLDQSCFAVVLGGPQETGQLLEHKLDYIFFTGSPRVGKIVMTAAT
KHLTPVTLELGGKNPCYVDDNCDPQTVANRVAWFCYFNAGQTCVAPDYVLCSPEMQERLL
PALQSTITRFYGDDPQSSPNLGRIINQKQFQRLRALLGCGRVAIGGQSNESDRYIAPTVL
VDVQETEPVMQEEIFGPILPIVNVQSVDEAIKFINRQEKPLALYAFSNSSQVVNQMLERT
SSGSFGGNEGFTYISLLSVPFGGVGHSGMGRYHGKFTFDTFSHHRTCLLAPSGLEKLKEI
RYPPYTDWNQQLLRWGMGSQSCTLL
Enzyme 4 Number of Residues 385
Enzyme 4 Molecular Weight 42670
Enzyme 4 Theoretical pI 5.97
Enzyme 4 GO Classification
Function
  • catalytic activity
  • oxidoreductase activity
Process
  • metabolism
  • physiological process
Component
Enzyme 4 General Function Energy production and conversion
Enzyme 4 Specific Function An aldehyde + NAD(P)(+) + H(2)O = an acid + NAD(P)H
Enzyme 4 Pathways
Enzyme 4 Reactions
  • an aldehyde + NAD(P)+ + H2O = an acid + NAD(P)H + H+
Enzyme 4 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 4 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 4 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 4 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 4 GenBank ID Protein 1051281 Link Image
Enzyme 4 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P48448 Link Image
Enzyme 4 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name AL3B2_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 4 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 4 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 4 Gene Sequence >1158 bp
ATGAAGGATGAACCACGGTCCACGAACCTGTTCATGAAGCTGGACTCGGTCTTCATCTGG
AAGGAACCCTTTGGCCTGGTCCTCATCATCGCACCCTGGAACTACCCATTGAACCTGACC
CTGGTGCTCCTGGTGGGCACCCTCCCCGCAGGGAATTGCGTGGTGCTGAAGCCGTCAGAA
ATCAGCCAGGGCACAGAGAAGGTCCTGGCTGAGGTGCTGCCCCAGTACCTGGACCAGAGC
TGCTTTGCCGTGGTGCTGGGCGGACCCCAGGAGACAGGGCAGCTGCTAGAGCACAAGTTG
GACTACATCTTCTTCACAGGGAGCCCTCGTGTGGGCAAGATTGTCATGACTGCTGCCACC
AAGCACCTGACGCCTGTCACCCTGGAGCTGGGGGGCAAGAACCCCTGCTACGTGGACGAC
AACTGCGACCCCCAGACCGTGGCCAACCGCGTGGCCTGGTTCTGCTACTTCAATGCCGGC
CAGACCTGCGTGGCCCCTGACTACGTCCTGTGCAGCCCCGAGATGCAGGAGAGGCTGCTG
CCCGCCCTGCAGAGCACCATCACCCGTTTCTATGGCGACGACCCCCAGAGCTCCCCAAAC
CTGGGCCGCATCATCAACCAGAAACAGTTCCAGCGGCTGCGGGCATTGCTGGGCTGCGGC
CGCGTGGCCATTGGGGGCCAGAGCAACGAGAGCGATCGCTACATCGCCCCCACGGTGCTG
GTGGACGTGCAGGAGACGGAGCCTGTGATGCAGGAGGAGATCTTCGGGCCCATCCTGCCC
ATCGTGAACGTGCAGAGCGTGGACGAGGCCATCAAGTTCATCAACCGGCAGGAGAAGCCC
CTGGCCCTGTACGCCTTCTCCAACAGCAGACAGGTTGTGAACCAGATGCTGGAGCGGACC
AGCAGCGGCAGCTTTGGAGGCAATGAGGGCTTCACCTACATATCTCTGCTGTCCGTGCCA
TTCGGGGGAGTCGGCCACAGTGGGATGGGCCGGTACCACGGCAAGTTCACCTTCGACACC
TTCTCCCACCACCGCACCTGCCTGCTCGCCCCCTCCGGCCTGGAGAAATTAAAGGAGATC
CGCTACCCACCCTATACCGACTGGAACCAGCAGCTGTTACGCTGGGGCATGGGCTCCCAG
AGCTGCACCCTCCTGTGA
Enzyme 4 GenBank Gene ID U37519 Link Image
Enzyme 4 GeneCard ID ALDH3B2 Link Image
Enzyme 4 GenAtlas ID ALDH3B2 Link Image
Enzyme 4 HGNC ID HGNC:411 Link Image
Enzyme 4 Chromosome Location 11
Enzyme 4 Locus 11q13
Enzyme 4 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 4 General References
  1. Hsu LC, Chang WC, Lin SW, Yoshida A: Cloning and characterization of genes encoding four additional human aldehyde dehydrogenase isozymes. Adv Exp Med Biol. 1995;372:159-68. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Hsu LC, Chang WC: Sequencing and expression of the human ALDH8 encoding a new member of the aldehyde dehydrogenase family. Gene. 1996 Oct 3;174(2):319-22. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 4 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 5 [top]
Enzyme 5 ID 15063
Enzyme 5 Name Aldehyde dehydrogenase 3B1 (Aldehyde dehydrogenase 3 family, member B1, isoform CRA_c) (cDNA FLJ77312, highly similar to Homo sapiens aldehyde dehydrogenase 3 family, member B1 (ALDH3B1),mRNA)
Enzyme 5 Synonyms Not Available
Enzyme 5 Gene Name ALDH3B1
Enzyme 5 Protein Sequence >Aldehyde dehydrogenase 3B1 (Aldehyde dehydrogenase 3 family, member B1, isoform CRA_c) (cDNA FLJ77312, highly similar to Homo sapiens aldehyde dehydrogenase 3 family, member B1 (ALDH3B1),mRNA)
MDPLGDTLRRLREAFHAGRTRPAEFRAAQLQGLGRFLQENKQLLHDALAQDLHKSAFESE
VSEVAISQGEVTLALRNLRAWMKDERVPKNLATQLDSAFIRKEPFGLVLIIAPWNYPLNL
TLVPLVGALAAGNCVVLKPSEISKNVEKILAEVLPQYVDQSCFAVVLGGPQETGQLLEHR
FDYIFFTGSPRVGKIVMTAAAKHLTPVTLELGGKNPCYVDDNCDPQTVANRVAWFRYFNA
GQTCVAPDYVLCSPEMQERLLPALQSTITRFYGDDPQSSPNLGRIINQKQFQRLRALLGC
GRVAIGGQSDESDRYIAPTVLVDVQEMEPVMQEEIFGPILPIVNVQSLDEAIEFINRREK
PLALYAFSNSSQVVKRVLTQTSSGGFCGNDGFMHMTLASLPFGGVGASGMGRYHGKFSFD
TFSHHRACLLRSPGMEKLNALRYPPQSPRRLRMLLVAMEAQGCSCTLL
Enzyme 5 Number of Residues 468
Enzyme 5 Molecular Weight 51840
Enzyme 5 Theoretical pI 7.67
Enzyme 5 GO Classification
Function
  • catalytic activity
  • oxidoreductase activity
Process
  • metabolism
  • physiological process
Component
Enzyme 5 General Function Energy production and conversion
Enzyme 5 Specific Function Not Available
Enzyme 5 Pathways Not Available
Enzyme 5 Reactions Not Available
Enzyme 5 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 5 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 5 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 5 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 5 GenBank ID Protein 125950429 Link Image
Enzyme 5 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID A3FMP9 Link Image
Enzyme 5 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name A3FMP9_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 5 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 5 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 5 Gene Sequence >1407 bp
ATGGACCCCCTTGGGGACACGCTGCGGCGACTGCGGGAGGCCTTCCACGCGGGGCGCACG
CGGCCAGCTGAGTTCCGGGCTGCGCAGCTCCAAGGCCTGGGCCGCTTCCTGCAAGAAAAC
AAGCAGCTTCTGCACGACGCACTGGCCCAGGACCTGCACAAGTCAGCCTTCGAGTCGGAG
GTGTCTGAGGTTGCCATCAGCCAGGGCGAGGTCACCCTGGCCCTCAGGAACCTCCGGGCC
TGGATGAAGGACGAGCGTGTGCCCAAGAACCTGGCCACGCAGCTGGACTCCGCCTTCATC
CGGAAGGAGCCCTTTGGCCTGGTCCTCATCATTGCGCCCTGGAACTATCCGCTGAACCTG
ACGCTGGTGCCCCTCGTGGGAGCCCTCGCTGCAGGGAACTGTGTGGTGCTGAAGCCATCG
GAGATTAGCAAGAACGTCGAGAAGATCCTGGCCGAGGTGCTGCCCCAATACGTGGACCAG
AGCTGCTTTGCTGTGGTGCTGGGCGGGCCCCAGGAGACGGGGCAGCTGCTAGAGCACAGG
TTCGACTACATCTTCTTCACAGGGAGCCCTCGTGTGGGCAAGATTGTTATGACTGCTGCC
GCCAAGCACCTGACACCTGTCACCCTGGAGCTGGGGGGCAAGAACCCTTGCTACGTGGAC
GACAACTGCGACCCCCAGACCGTGGCCAACCGCGTGGCCTGGTTCCGCTACTTCAACGCC
GGCCAGACCTGCGTGGCCCCCGACTACGTCCTATGCAGCCCTGAGATGCAGGAGAGGCTG
CTGCCTGCCCTGCAGAGCACCATCACCCGTTTCTATGGCGACGACCCCCAGAGCTCCCCA
AACCTGGGCCGCATCATCAACCAGAAACAGTTCCAGCGGCTGCGGGCATTGCTGGGCTGC
GGCCGTGTGGCCATTGGGGGCCAGAGCGATGAGAGCGATCGCTACATCGCCCCCACGGTG
CTGGTGGATGTGCAGGAGATGGAGCCTGTGATGCAGGAGGAGATCTTCGGGCCCATCCTG
CCCATCGTGAACGTGCAGAGCTTGGACGAGGCCATCGAGTTCATCAACCGGCGGGAGAAG
CCCCTGGCCCTGTACGCCTTCTCCAACAGCAGCCAGGTGGTCAAGCGGGTGCTGACCCAG
ACCAGCAGCGGGGGCTTCTGTGGGAACGACGGCTTCATGCACATGACCCTGGCCAGCCTG
CCTTTTGGAGGAGTGGGTGCCAGTGGGATGGGCCGGTACCATGGCAAGTTCTCCTTCGAC
ACCTTCTCCCACCATCGCGCCTGCCTCCTGCGCAGCCCGGGGATGGAGAAGCTCAACGCC
CTCCGCTACCCGCCGCAATCGCCGCGCCGCCTGAGGATGCTGCTGGTGGCCATGGAGGCC
CAAGGCTGCAGCTGCACACTGCTCTGA
Enzyme 5 GenBank Gene ID EF411198 Link Image
Enzyme 5 GeneCard ID A3FMP9 Link Image
Enzyme 5 GenAtlas ID Not Available
Enzyme 5 HGNC ID Not Available
Enzyme 5 Chromosome Location 11
Enzyme 5 Locus 11q13
Enzyme 5 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 5 General References Not Available
Enzyme 5 Metabolite References Not Available