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Record Information

Version

5.0

Status

Detected and Quantified

Creation Date

2009-11-30 15:50:12 UTC

Update Date

2023-05-30 20:55:49 UTC

HMDB ID

HMDB0013161

Secondary Accession Numbers

HMDB13161

Metabolite Identification

Common Name

2-Hexenoylcarnitine

Description

2-Hexenoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an 2-hexenoic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279 ). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review (PMID: 35710135 ), acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. 2-Hexenoylcarnitine is therefore classified as a medium chain AC. As a medium-chain acylcarnitine 2-hexenoylcarnitine is somewhat less abundant than short-chain acylcarnitines. These are formed either through esterification with L-carnitine or through the peroxisomal metabolism of longer chain acylcarnitines (PMID: 30540494 ). Many medium-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of fatty acid metabolism. In particular 2-hexenoylcarnitine is elevated in the blood or plasma of individuals with obesity in aldolenscens (PMID: 26910390 ). It is also decreased in the blood or plasma of individuals with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (PMID: 26928931 ). Carnitine octanoyltransferase (CrOT, EC:2.3.1.137) is responsible for the synthesis of all medium-chain (MCAC, C5-C12) and medium-length branched-chain acylcarnitines in peroxisomes (PMID: 10486279 ). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available (PMID: 35710135 ).

Structure

MOL 3D MOL SDF 3D SDF PDB 3D PDB SMILES InChI

HMDB0013161
     RDKit          3D
2-Hexenoylcarnitine
 41 40  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0999 V2000
    6.4391   -1.2606   -0.7261 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    4.9785   -0.8578   -0.4852 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    4.8646    0.5763   -0.9891 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    3.4566    1.0341   -0.7834 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.5213    0.2816   -0.2535 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.1795    0.8086   -0.0913 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.9312    1.9660   -0.4557 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.1474    0.0924    0.4509 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.1905    0.5454    0.6397 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.6035    0.6419    2.0516 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.5753   -0.5659    2.8535 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.9419   -0.4665    4.0644 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.1941   -1.8323    2.4623 O   0  0  0  0  0  1  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.0465   -0.2318   -0.2715 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -3.4346   -0.0044   -0.3172 N   0  0  0  0  0  4  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -4.1263   -0.9111    0.6007 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -3.9009   -0.4324   -1.6541 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -3.9234    1.2963   -0.0810 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    7.0993   -0.5599   -0.1937 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    6.5773   -2.3033   -0.4051 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    6.6489   -1.1726   -1.8144 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    4.3003   -1.5013   -1.0547 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    4.8098   -0.8991    0.5955 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    5.1442    0.6510   -2.0557 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    5.5105    1.2016   -0.3580 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    3.2017    2.0538   -1.0948 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.7622   -0.7136    0.0526 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.1384    1.5872    0.2383 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.6304    1.0587    2.1061 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.9743    1.4486    2.5349 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.6215   -0.1167   -1.3072 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.8778   -1.3287   -0.0575 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -4.4307   -0.4140    1.5363 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -3.4349   -1.7448    0.8757 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -5.0538   -1.3242    0.1562 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -5.0049   -0.2948   -1.6202 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -3.3992    0.1655   -2.4160 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -3.7176   -1.5257   -1.7318 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -4.5750    1.6331   -0.9223 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -4.6233    1.3307    0.8076 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -3.1538    2.0887    0.0064 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  1  2  1  0
  2  3  1  0
  3  4  1  0
  4  5  2  0
  5  6  1  0
  6  7  2  0
  6  8  1  0
  8  9  1  0
  9 10  1  0
 10 11  1  0
 11 12  2  0
 11 13  1  0
  9 14  1  0
 14 15  1  0
 15 16  1  0
 15 17  1  0
 15 18  1  0
  1 19  1  0
  1 20  1  0
  1 21  1  0
  2 22  1  0
  2 23  1  0
  3 24  1  0
  3 25  1  0
  4 26  1  0
  5 27  1  0
  9 28  1  0
 10 29  1  0
 10 30  1  0
 14 31  1  0
 14 32  1  0
 16 33  1  0
 16 34  1  0
 16 35  1  0
 17 36  1  0
 17 37  1  0
 17 38  1  0
 18 39  1  0
 18 40  1  0
 18 41  1  0
M  CHG  2  13  -1  15   1
M  END

  Mrv0541 02251208182D          

 18 17  0  0  0  0            999 V2000
   13.2873   -4.1504    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   13.6998   -3.4360    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   14.5248   -3.4360    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   14.9373   -4.1504    0.0000 O   0  5  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   13.6998   -4.8649    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   14.9373   -2.7215    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   12.4623   -4.1504    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   12.0498   -3.4360    0.0000 N   0  3  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   12.7643   -3.0235    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   11.3353   -3.8485    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   11.6373   -2.7215    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   12.0498   -6.2939    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   12.4623   -5.5794    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   13.2873   -5.5794    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   13.6998   -6.2939    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   11.2248   -6.2939    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   10.8123   -7.0083    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    9.9873   -7.0083    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  2  1  1  0  0  0  0
  3  2  1  0  0  0  0
  4  3  1  0  0  0  0
  1  5  1  0  0  0  0
  3  6  2  0  0  0  0
  7  1  1  0  0  0  0
  8  7  1  0  0  0  0
  8  9  1  0  0  0  0
  8 10  1  0  0  0  0
  8 11  1  0  0  0  0
 13 12  2  0  0  0  0
 14 13  1  0  0  0  0
  5 14  1  0  0  0  0
 15 14  2  0  0  0  0
 12 16  1  0  0  0  0
 16 17  1  0  0  0  0
 18 17  1  0  0  0  0
M  CHG  2   4  -1   8   1
M  END
> <DATABASE_ID>
HMDB0013161

> <DATABASE_NAME>
hmdb

> <SMILES>
CCC\C=C\C(=O)OC(CC([O-])=O)C[N+](C)(C)C

> <INCHI_IDENTIFIER>
InChI=1S/C13H23NO4/c1-5-6-7-8-13(17)18-11(9-12(15)16)10-14(2,3)4/h7-8,11H,5-6,9-10H2,1-4H3/b8-7+

> <INCHI_KEY>
JUAQYRSUSCWTQK-BQYQJAHWSA-N

> <FORMULA>
C13H23NO4

> <MOLECULAR_WEIGHT>
257.326

> <EXACT_MASS>
257.162708229

> <JCHEM_ACCEPTOR_COUNT>
3

> <JCHEM_AVERAGE_POLARIZABILITY>
28.220381392418922

> <JCHEM_BIOAVAILABILITY>
1

> <JCHEM_DONOR_COUNT>
0

> <JCHEM_FORMAL_CHARGE>
0

> <JCHEM_GHOSE_FILTER>
0

> <JCHEM_IUPAC>
3-[(2E)-hex-2-enoyloxy]-4-(trimethylazaniumyl)butanoate

> <ALOGPS_LOGP>
-1.71

> <JCHEM_LOGP>
-2.1809819728050783

> <ALOGPS_LOGS>
-4.83

> <JCHEM_MDDR_LIKE_RULE>
0

> <JCHEM_NUMBER_OF_RINGS>
0

> <JCHEM_PHYSIOLOGICAL_CHARGE>
0

> <JCHEM_PKA_STRONGEST_ACIDIC>
4.171784931901458

> <JCHEM_PKA_STRONGEST_BASIC>
-6.812936488124615

> <JCHEM_POLAR_SURFACE_AREA>
66.43

> <JCHEM_REFRACTIVITY>
92.15999999999998

> <JCHEM_ROTATABLE_BOND_COUNT>
9

> <JCHEM_RULE_OF_FIVE>
1

> <ALOGPS_SOLUBILITY>
4.61e-03 g/l

> <JCHEM_TRADITIONAL_IUPAC>
3-[(2E)-hex-2-enoyloxy]-4-(trimethylammonio)butanoate

> <JCHEM_VEBER_RULE>
0

$$$$

HMDB0013161
     RDKit          3D
2-Hexenoylcarnitine
 41 40  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0999 V2000
    6.4391   -1.2606   -0.7261 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    4.9785   -0.8578   -0.4852 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    4.8646    0.5763   -0.9891 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    3.4566    1.0341   -0.7834 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.5213    0.2816   -0.2535 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.1795    0.8086   -0.0913 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.9312    1.9660   -0.4557 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.1474    0.0924    0.4509 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.1905    0.5454    0.6397 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.6035    0.6419    2.0516 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.5753   -0.5659    2.8535 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.9419   -0.4665    4.0644 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.1941   -1.8323    2.4623 O   0  0  0  0  0  1  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.0465   -0.2318   -0.2715 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -3.4346   -0.0044   -0.3172 N   0  0  0  0  0  4  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -4.1263   -0.9111    0.6007 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -3.9009   -0.4324   -1.6541 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -3.9234    1.2963   -0.0810 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    7.0993   -0.5599   -0.1937 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    6.5773   -2.3033   -0.4051 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    6.6489   -1.1726   -1.8144 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    4.3003   -1.5013   -1.0547 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    4.8098   -0.8991    0.5955 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    5.1442    0.6510   -2.0557 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    5.5105    1.2016   -0.3580 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    3.2017    2.0538   -1.0948 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.7622   -0.7136    0.0526 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.1384    1.5872    0.2383 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.6304    1.0587    2.1061 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.9743    1.4486    2.5349 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.6215   -0.1167   -1.3072 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.8778   -1.3287   -0.0575 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -4.4307   -0.4140    1.5363 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -3.4349   -1.7448    0.8757 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -5.0538   -1.3242    0.1562 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -5.0049   -0.2948   -1.6202 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -3.3992    0.1655   -2.4160 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -3.7176   -1.5257   -1.7318 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -4.5750    1.6331   -0.9223 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -4.6233    1.3307    0.8076 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -3.1538    2.0887    0.0064 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  1  2  1  0
  2  3  1  0
  3  4  1  0
  4  5  2  0
  5  6  1  0
  6  7  2  0
  6  8  1  0
  8  9  1  0
  9 10  1  0
 10 11  1  0
 11 12  2  0
 11 13  1  0
  9 14  1  0
 14 15  1  0
 15 16  1  0
 15 17  1  0
 15 18  1  0
  1 19  1  0
  1 20  1  0
  1 21  1  0
  2 22  1  0
  2 23  1  0
  3 24  1  0
  3 25  1  0
  4 26  1  0
  5 27  1  0
  9 28  1  0
 10 29  1  0
 10 30  1  0
 14 31  1  0
 14 32  1  0
 16 33  1  0
 16 34  1  0
 16 35  1  0
 17 36  1  0
 17 37  1  0
 17 38  1  0
 18 39  1  0
 18 40  1  0
 18 41  1  0
M  CHG  2  13  -1  15   1
M  END

HEADER    PROTEIN                                 25-FEB-12   NONE
TITLE     NULL                                                        
COMPND    NULL                                                        
SOURCE    NULL                                                        
KEYWDS    NULL                                                        
EXPDTA    NULL                                                        
AUTHOR    Marvin                                                      
REVDAT   1   25-FEB-12         0                                  
HETATM    1  C   UNK     0      24.803  -7.747   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    2  C   UNK     0      25.573  -6.414   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    3  C   UNK     0      27.113  -6.414   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    4  O   UNK     0      27.883  -7.747   0.000  0.00  0.00           O-1
HETATM    5  O   UNK     0      25.573  -9.081   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM    6  O   UNK     0      27.883  -5.080   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM    7  C   UNK     0      23.263  -7.747   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    8  N   UNK     0      22.493  -6.414   0.000  0.00  0.00           N+1
HETATM    9  C   UNK     0      23.827  -5.644   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM   10  C   UNK     0      21.159  -7.184   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM   11  C   UNK     0      21.723  -5.080   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM   12  C   UNK     0      22.493 -11.749   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM   13  C   UNK     0      23.263 -10.415   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM   14  C   UNK     0      24.803 -10.415   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM   15  O   UNK     0      25.573 -11.749   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM   16  C   UNK     0      20.953 -11.749   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM   17  C   UNK     0      20.183 -13.082   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM   18  C   UNK     0      18.643 -13.082   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
CONECT    1    2    5    7                                                  
CONECT    2    1    3                                                       
CONECT    3    2    4    6                                                  
CONECT    4    3                                                            
CONECT    5    1   14                                                       
CONECT    6    3                                                            
CONECT    7    1    8                                                       
CONECT    8    7    9   10   11                                             
CONECT    9    8                                                            
CONECT   10    8                                                            
CONECT   11    8                                                            
CONECT   12   13   16                                                       
CONECT   13   12   14                                                       
CONECT   14   13    5   15                                                  
CONECT   15   14                                                            
CONECT   16   12   17                                                       
CONECT   17   16   18                                                       
CONECT   18   17                                                            
MASTER        0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0   18    0   34    0
END

COMPND    HMDB0013161
HETATM    1  C1  UNL     1       6.439  -1.261  -0.726  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    2  C2  UNL     1       4.979  -0.858  -0.485  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    3  C3  UNL     1       4.865   0.576  -0.989  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    4  C4  UNL     1       3.457   1.034  -0.783  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    5  C5  UNL     1       2.521   0.282  -0.253  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    6  C6  UNL     1       1.180   0.809  -0.091  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    7  O1  UNL     1       0.931   1.966  -0.456  1.00  0.00           O  
HETATM    8  O2  UNL     1       0.147   0.092   0.451  1.00  0.00           O  
HETATM    9  C7  UNL     1      -1.191   0.545   0.640  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM   10  C8  UNL     1      -1.603   0.642   2.052  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM   11  C9  UNL     1      -1.575  -0.566   2.854  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM   12  O3  UNL     1      -1.942  -0.467   4.064  1.00  0.00           O  
HETATM   13  O4  UNL     1      -1.194  -1.832   2.462  1.00  0.00           O1-
HETATM   14  C10 UNL     1      -2.046  -0.232  -0.272  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM   15  N1  UNL     1      -3.435  -0.004  -0.317  1.00  0.00           N1+
HETATM   16  C11 UNL     1      -4.126  -0.911   0.601  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM   17  C12 UNL     1      -3.901  -0.432  -1.654  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM   18  C13 UNL     1      -3.923   1.296  -0.081  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM   19  H1  UNL     1       7.099  -0.560  -0.194  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   20  H2  UNL     1       6.577  -2.303  -0.405  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   21  H3  UNL     1       6.649  -1.173  -1.814  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   22  H4  UNL     1       4.300  -1.501  -1.055  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   23  H5  UNL     1       4.810  -0.899   0.596  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   24  H6  UNL     1       5.144   0.651  -2.056  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   25  H7  UNL     1       5.511   1.202  -0.358  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   26  H8  UNL     1       3.202   2.054  -1.095  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   27  H9  UNL     1       2.762  -0.714   0.053  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   28  H10 UNL     1      -1.138   1.587   0.238  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   29  H11 UNL     1      -2.630   1.059   2.106  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   30  H12 UNL     1      -0.974   1.449   2.535  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   31  H13 UNL     1      -1.621  -0.117  -1.307  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   32  H14 UNL     1      -1.878  -1.329  -0.057  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   33  H15 UNL     1      -4.431  -0.414   1.536  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   34  H16 UNL     1      -3.435  -1.745   0.876  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   35  H17 UNL     1      -5.054  -1.324   0.156  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   36  H18 UNL     1      -5.005  -0.295  -1.620  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   37  H19 UNL     1      -3.399   0.166  -2.416  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   38  H20 UNL     1      -3.718  -1.526  -1.732  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   39  H21 UNL     1      -4.575   1.633  -0.922  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   40  H22 UNL     1      -4.623   1.331   0.808  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   41  H23 UNL     1      -3.154   2.089   0.006  1.00  0.00           H  
CONECT    1    2   19   20   21
CONECT    2    3   22   23
CONECT    3    4   24   25
CONECT    4    5    5   26
CONECT    5    6   27
CONECT    6    7    7    8
CONECT    8    9
CONECT    9   10   14   28
CONECT   10   11   29   30
CONECT   11   12   12   13
CONECT   14   15   31   32
CONECT   15   16   17   18
CONECT   16   33   34   35
CONECT   17   36   37   38
CONECT   18   39   40   41
END

HMDB0013161
     RDKit          3D
2-Hexenoylcarnitine
 41 40  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0999 V2000
    6.4391   -1.2606   -0.7261 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    4.9785   -0.8578   -0.4852 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    4.8646    0.5763   -0.9891 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    3.4566    1.0341   -0.7834 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.5213    0.2816   -0.2535 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.1795    0.8086   -0.0913 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.9312    1.9660   -0.4557 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.1474    0.0924    0.4509 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.1905    0.5454    0.6397 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.6035    0.6419    2.0516 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.5753   -0.5659    2.8535 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.9419   -0.4665    4.0644 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.1941   -1.8323    2.4623 O   0  0  0  0  0  1  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.0465   -0.2318   -0.2715 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -3.4346   -0.0044   -0.3172 N   0  0  0  0  0  4  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -4.1263   -0.9111    0.6007 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -3.9009   -0.4324   -1.6541 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -3.9234    1.2963   -0.0810 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    7.0993   -0.5599   -0.1937 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    6.5773   -2.3033   -0.4051 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    6.6489   -1.1726   -1.8144 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    4.3003   -1.5013   -1.0547 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    4.8098   -0.8991    0.5955 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    5.1442    0.6510   -2.0557 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    5.5105    1.2016   -0.3580 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    3.2017    2.0538   -1.0948 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.7622   -0.7136    0.0526 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.1384    1.5872    0.2383 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.6304    1.0587    2.1061 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.9743    1.4486    2.5349 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.6215   -0.1167   -1.3072 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.8778   -1.3287   -0.0575 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -4.4307   -0.4140    1.5363 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -3.4349   -1.7448    0.8757 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -5.0538   -1.3242    0.1562 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -5.0049   -0.2948   -1.6202 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -3.3992    0.1655   -2.4160 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -3.7176   -1.5257   -1.7318 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -4.5750    1.6331   -0.9223 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -4.6233    1.3307    0.8076 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -3.1538    2.0887    0.0064 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  1  2  1  0
  2  3  1  0
  3  4  1  0
  4  5  2  0
  5  6  1  0
  6  7  2  0
  6  8  1  0
  8  9  1  0
  9 10  1  0
 10 11  1  0
 11 12  2  0
 11 13  1  0
  9 14  1  0
 14 15  1  0
 15 16  1  0
 15 17  1  0
 15 18  1  0
  1 19  1  0
  1 20  1  0
  1 21  1  0
  2 22  1  0
  2 23  1  0
  3 24  1  0
  3 25  1  0
  4 26  1  0
  5 27  1  0
  9 28  1  0
 10 29  1  0
 10 30  1  0
 14 31  1  0
 14 32  1  0
 16 33  1  0
 16 34  1  0
 16 35  1  0
 17 36  1  0
 17 37  1  0
 17 38  1  0
 18 39  1  0
 18 40  1  0
 18 41  1  0
M  CHG  2  13  -1  15   1
M  END

View in JSmol View NMR Assignments View Stereo Labels

Synonyms

Value	Source
Hexenoyl-L-carnitine	HMDB

Chemical Formula

C₁₃H₂₃NO₄

Average Molecular Weight

257.326

Monoisotopic Molecular Weight

257.162708229

IUPAC Name

3-[(2E)-hex-2-enoyloxy]-4-(trimethylazaniumyl)butanoate

Traditional Name

3-[(2E)-hex-2-enoyloxy]-4-(trimethylammonio)butanoate

CAS Registry Number

Not Available

SMILES

CCC\C=C\C(=O)OC(CC([O-])=O)C[N+](C)(C)C

InChI Identifier

InChI=1S/C13H23NO4/c1-5-6-7-8-13(17)18-11(9-12(15)16)10-14(2,3)4/h7-8,11H,5-6,9-10H2,1-4H3/b8-7+

InChI Key

JUAQYRSUSCWTQK-BQYQJAHWSA-N

Chemical Taxonomy

Description

Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as acyl carnitines. These are organic compounds containing a fatty acid with the carboxylic acid attached to carnitine through an ester bond.

Kingdom

Organic compounds

Super Class

Lipids and lipid-like molecules

Class

Fatty Acyls

Sub Class

Fatty acid esters

Direct Parent

Acyl carnitines

Alternative Parents

Substituents

Acyl-carnitine
Dicarboxylic acid or derivatives
Tetraalkylammonium salt
Alpha,beta-unsaturated carboxylic ester
Enoate ester
Quaternary ammonium salt
Carboxylic acid ester
Carboxylic acid salt
Carboxylic acid derivative
Carboxylic acid
Organic nitrogen compound
Organooxygen compound
Organonitrogen compound
Organic salt
Hydrocarbon derivative
Organic oxide
Organopnictogen compound
Organic oxygen compound
Carbonyl group
Amine
Aliphatic acyclic compound

Molecular Framework

Aliphatic acyclic compounds

External Descriptors

Not Available

Ontology

Physiological effect

Disposition

Biological location

Non-excretory biofluid

Biofluid or Excreta

Blood (PMID: 24704061)

Cellular substructure

Organelle

Peroxisome (PMID: 35710135)

Excreta

Biofluid or Excreta

Urine (PMID: 24023812)
Feces (PMID: 27624970)

Cell

All cells and tissues (PMID: 35710135)

Route of exposure

Enteral

Ingestion (HMDB: HMDB0013161)

Source

Exogenous

Food

Food (HMDB: HMDB0013161)

Animal origin

Poultry

Pheasant (FooDB: FOOD00430)
Squab (FooDB: FOOD00481)
Turkey (FooDB: FOOD00494)
Quail (FooDB: FOOD00541)
Anatidae (FooDB: FOOD00576)
Rock ptarmigan (FooDB: FOOD00597)
Columbidae (Dove, Pigeon) (FooDB: FOOD00610)
Chicken (FooDB: FOOD00329)
Mallard duck (FooDB: FOOD00353)
Emu (FooDB: FOOD00360)
Greylag goose (FooDB: FOOD00368)
Guinea hen (FooDB: FOOD00373)
Ostrich (FooDB: FOOD00422)
Velvet duck (FooDB: FOOD00427)

Lagomorph

Ovis

Sheep (Mutton, Lamb) (FooDB: FOOD00473)

Bovine

Venison

Deer (FooDB: FOOD00524)
Mule deer (FooDB: FOOD00348)
Elk (FooDB: FOOD00359)

Caprae

Domestic goat (FooDB: FOOD00529)

Swine

Domestic pig (FooDB: FOOD00536)
Wild boar (FooDB: FOOD00307)

Equine

Horse (FooDB: FOOD00378)

Milk and milk product

Unfermented milk

Cow milk, pasteurized, vitamin A + D added, 0% fat (FooDB: FOOD00889)
Cow milk, pasteurized, vitamin A + D added, 1% fat (FooDB: FOOD00890)
Cow milk, pasteurized, vitamin A + D added, 2% fat (FooDB: FOOD00891)
Cow milk, pasteurized, vitamin D added, 3.25% fat (FooDB: FOOD00892)

Exogenous (HMDB: HMDB0013161)

Endogenous

Animal

Animal (HMDB: HMDB0013161)

Endogenous (HMDB: HMDB0013161)

Process

Naturally occurring process

Biological process

Chemical reaction

Lipid Peroxidation (HMDB: HMDB0013161)

Biochemical pathway

Metabolic pathway

Fatty Acid Metabolism (HMDB: HMDB0013161)

Lipid metabolism pathway (HMDB: HMDB0013161)

Cellular process

Cell signaling (HMDB: HMDB0013161)

Biochemical process

Lipid transport (HMDB: HMDB0013161)

Role

Physical Properties

State

Solid

Experimental Molecular Properties

Property	Value	Reference
Melting Point	Not Available	Not Available
Boiling Point	Not Available	Not Available
Water Solubility	Not Available	Not Available
LogP	Not Available	Not Available

Experimental Chromatographic Properties

Not Available

Predicted Molecular Properties

Property	Value	Source
Water Solubility	0.0046 g/L	ALOGPS
logP	-1.7	ALOGPS
logP	-2.2	ChemAxon
logS	-4.8	ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)	4.17	ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)	-6.8	ChemAxon
Physiological Charge	0	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count	3	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count	0	ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area	66.43 Å²	ChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count	9	ChemAxon
Refractivity	92.16 m³·mol⁻¹	ChemAxon
Polarizability	28.22 Å³	ChemAxon
Number of Rings	0	ChemAxon
Bioavailability	Yes	ChemAxon
Rule of Five	Yes	ChemAxon
Ghose Filter	No	ChemAxon
Veber's Rule	No	ChemAxon
MDDR-like Rule	No	ChemAxon

Predicted Chromatographic Properties

Predicted Collision Cross Sections

Predictor	Adduct Type	CCS Value (Å²)	Reference
DeepCCS	[M+H]+	157.605	30932474
DeepCCS	[M-H]-	155.246	30932474
DeepCCS	[M-2H]-	188.13	30932474
DeepCCS	[M+Na]+	163.698	30932474
AllCCS	[M+H]+	165.1	32859911
AllCCS	[M+H-H2O]+	162.1	32859911
AllCCS	[M+NH4]+	168.0	32859911
AllCCS	[M+Na]+	168.8	32859911
AllCCS	[M-H]-	168.4	32859911
AllCCS	[M+Na-2H]-	169.4	32859911
AllCCS	[M+HCOO]-	170.6	32859911

Predicted Kovats Retention Indices

Underivatized

Metabolite	SMILES	Kovats RI Value	Column Type	Reference
2-Hexenoylcarnitine	CCC\C=C\C(=O)OC(CC([O-])=O)C[N+](C)(C)C	2304.0	Standard polar	33892256
2-Hexenoylcarnitine	CCC\C=C\C(=O)OC(CC([O-])=O)C[N+](C)(C)C	1525.7	Standard non polar	33892256
2-Hexenoylcarnitine	CCC\C=C\C(=O)OC(CC([O-])=O)C[N+](C)(C)C	1673.3	Semi standard non polar	33892256

Spectra

GC-MS Spectra

Spectrum Type	Description	Splash Key	Deposition Date	Source	View
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 2-Hexenoylcarnitine GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive	splash10-00di-9100000000-6ab9530f65b0044fbde2	2017-09-01	Wishart Lab	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 2-Hexenoylcarnitine GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	2021-10-12	Wishart Lab	View Spectrum

MS/MS Spectra

Spectrum Type	Description	Splash Key	Deposition Date	Source	View
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 2-Hexenoylcarnitine 10V, Positive-QTOF	splash10-052f-4690000000-b148e1e7973ea026d97e	2017-09-01	Wishart Lab	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 2-Hexenoylcarnitine 20V, Positive-QTOF	splash10-0f6x-6900000000-2175fe23d19d9f52dccf	2017-09-01	Wishart Lab	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 2-Hexenoylcarnitine 40V, Positive-QTOF	splash10-0kfx-9300000000-8ce6e0ec97d2b9c8b5ca	2017-09-01	Wishart Lab	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 2-Hexenoylcarnitine 10V, Negative-QTOF	splash10-0a4i-2390000000-692c5b6fcc4fcf5bd161	2017-09-01	Wishart Lab	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 2-Hexenoylcarnitine 20V, Negative-QTOF	splash10-052b-3920000000-1090eaf977f2fb129a27	2017-09-01	Wishart Lab	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 2-Hexenoylcarnitine 40V, Negative-QTOF	splash10-0295-9300000000-cc7ee613e7b9aef6a11a	2017-09-01	Wishart Lab	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 2-Hexenoylcarnitine 10V, Positive-QTOF	splash10-0a4i-0090000000-101b85fa80b796d3ed07	2021-09-23	Wishart Lab	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 2-Hexenoylcarnitine 20V, Positive-QTOF	splash10-052r-9050000000-87e84eb28d0d2bb8725b	2021-09-23	Wishart Lab	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 2-Hexenoylcarnitine 40V, Positive-QTOF	splash10-000i-9000000000-e9262cbaff8cb4ad0ba6	2021-09-23	Wishart Lab	View Spectrum

NMR Spectra

Spectrum Type	Description	Deposition Date	Source	View
Predicted 1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	2021-09-25	Wishart Lab	View Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	2021-09-25	Wishart Lab	View Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	2021-09-25	Wishart Lab	View Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	2021-09-25	Wishart Lab	View Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	2021-09-25	Wishart Lab	View Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	2021-09-25	Wishart Lab	View Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	2021-09-25	Wishart Lab	View Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	2021-09-25	Wishart Lab	View Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	2021-09-25	Wishart Lab	View Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	2021-09-25	Wishart Lab	View Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	2021-09-25	Wishart Lab	View Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	2021-09-25	Wishart Lab	View Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	2021-09-25	Wishart Lab	View Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	2021-09-25	Wishart Lab	View Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	2021-09-25	Wishart Lab	View Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	2021-09-25	Wishart Lab	View Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	2021-09-25	Wishart Lab	View Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	2021-09-25	Wishart Lab	View Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	2021-09-25	Wishart Lab	View Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	2021-09-25	Wishart Lab	View Spectrum

Biological Properties

Cellular Locations

Extracellular
Membrane

Biospecimen Locations

Blood
Feces
Urine

Tissue Locations

Not Available

Pathways

Not Available

Name	SMPDB/PathBank	KEGG

Normal Concentrations

Biospecimen	Status	Value	Age	Sex	Condition	Reference	Details
Blood	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	32966057	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	0.010-0.035 uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	The Metabolo...	details
Blood	Expected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Not Available	Not Available	Normal	Not Available	details
Feces	Detected and Quantified	0.18 +/- 0.09 nmol/g wet feces	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	27624970	details
Feces	Detected and Quantified	0.14 +/- 0.06 nmol/g wet feces	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	27624970	details
Urine	Detected and Quantified	0.019 (0.009-0.050) umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	24023812	details
Urine	Detected and Quantified	13.38 +/- 0.73 umol/mmol creatinine	Adolescent (13-18 years old)	Both	Normal	26910390	details
Urine	Detected and Quantified	0.04 (0.03-0.06) umol/mmol creatinine	Newborn (0-30 days old)	Both	Normal	Analysis of 40 NI...	details
Urine	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	32966057	details
Urine	Detected and Quantified	0.01-0.02 umol/mmol creatinine	Newborn (0-30 days old)	Both	Normal	32340350	details
Urine	Detected and Quantified	0.01 +/- 0.0 umol/mmol creatinine	Newborn (0-30 days old)	Female	Normal	32340350	details
Urine	Detected and Quantified	0.01 +/- 0.0 umol/mmol creatinine	Newborn (0-30 days old)	Male	Normal	32340350	details

Abnormal Concentrations

Biospecimen	Status	Value	Age	Sex	Condition	Reference	Details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	0.0241 (0.0125) uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Pregnancy with fetus having congenital heart defect	24704061	details
Urine	Detected and Quantified	17.37 +/- 1.01 umol/mmol creatinine	Adolescent (13-18 years old)	Both	Obese	26910390	details

Associated Disorders and Diseases

Disease References

Obesity
Cho K, Moon JS, Kang JH, Jang HB, Lee HJ, Park SI, Yu KS, Cho JY: Combined untargeted and targeted metabolomic profiling reveals urinary biomarkers for discriminating obese from normal-weight adolescents. Pediatr Obes. 2017 Apr;12(2):93-101. doi: 10.1111/ijpo.12114. Epub 2016 Feb 22. [PubMed:26910390 ]

Associated OMIM IDs

601665 (Obesity)

External Links

DrugBank ID

Not Available

Phenol Explorer Compound ID

Not Available

FooDB ID

FDB029316

KNApSAcK ID

Not Available

Chemspider ID

35032584

KEGG Compound ID

Not Available

BioCyc ID

Not Available

BiGG ID

Not Available

Wikipedia Link

Not Available

METLIN ID

Not Available

PubChem Compound

53481638

PDB ID

Not Available

ChEBI ID

Not Available

Food Biomarker Ontology

Not Available

VMH ID

Not Available

MarkerDB ID

MDB00029833

Good Scents ID

Not Available

References

Synthesis Reference

Not Available

Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)

Not Available

General References

Ferdinandusse S, Mulders J, IJlst L, Denis S, Dacremont G, Waterham HR, Wanders RJ: Molecular cloning and expression of human carnitine octanoyltransferase: evidence for its role in the peroxisomal beta-oxidation of branched-chain fatty acids. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1999 Sep 16;263(1):213-8. [PubMed:10486279 ]
Simons K, Toomre D: Lipid rafts and signal transduction. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2000 Oct;1(1):31-9. [PubMed:11413487 ]
Watson AD: Thematic review series: systems biology approaches to metabolic and cardiovascular disorders. Lipidomics: a global approach to lipid analysis in biological systems. J Lipid Res. 2006 Oct;47(10):2101-11. Epub 2006 Aug 10. [PubMed:16902246 ]
Sethi JK, Vidal-Puig AJ: Thematic review series: adipocyte biology. Adipose tissue function and plasticity orchestrate nutritional adaptation. J Lipid Res. 2007 Jun;48(6):1253-62. Epub 2007 Mar 20. [PubMed:17374880 ]
Lingwood D, Simons K: Lipid rafts as a membrane-organizing principle. Science. 2010 Jan 1;327(5961):46-50. doi: 10.1126/science.1174621. [PubMed:20044567 ]
Cho K, Moon JS, Kang JH, Jang HB, Lee HJ, Park SI, Yu KS, Cho JY: Combined untargeted and targeted metabolomic profiling reveals urinary biomarkers for discriminating obese from normal-weight adolescents. Pediatr Obes. 2017 Apr;12(2):93-101. doi: 10.1111/ijpo.12114. Epub 2016 Feb 22. [PubMed:26910390 ]
FRITZ IB: Action of carnitine on long chain fatty acid oxidation by liver. Am J Physiol. 1959 Aug;197:297-304. doi: 10.1152/ajplegacy.1959.197.2.297. [PubMed:13825279 ]
Violante S, Achetib N, van Roermund CWT, Hagen J, Dodatko T, Vaz FM, Waterham HR, Chen H, Baes M, Yu C, Argmann CA, Houten SM: Peroxisomes can oxidize medium- and long-chain fatty acids through a pathway involving ABCD3 and HSD17B4. FASEB J. 2019 Mar;33(3):4355-4364. doi: 10.1096/fj.201801498R. Epub 2018 Dec 12. [PubMed:30540494 ]
Sun ZJ, Jia HM, Qiu GX, Zhou C, Guo S, Zhang JG, Shen JX, Zhao Y, Zou ZM: Identification of candidate diagnostic biomarkers for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis using UPLC/QTOF-MS analysis: a first report of lipid metabolism profiles. Sci Rep. 2016 Mar 1;6:22274. doi: 10.1038/srep22274. [PubMed:26928931 ]
Dambrova M, Makrecka-Kuka M, Kuka J, Vilskersts R, Nordberg D, Attwood MM, Smesny S, Sen ZD, Guo AC, Oler E, Tian S, Zheng J, Wishart DS, Liepinsh E, Schioth HB: Acylcarnitines: Nomenclature, Biomarkers, Therapeutic Potential, Drug Targets, and Clinical Trials. Pharmacol Rev. 2022 Jul;74(3):506-551. doi: 10.1124/pharmrev.121.000408. [PubMed:35710135 ]
Gunstone, Frank D., John L. Harwood, and Albert J. Dijkstra (2007). The lipid handbook with CD-ROM. CRC Press.

Showing metabocard for 2-Hexenoylcarnitine (HMDB0013161)

MOL for HMDB0013161 (2-Hexenoylcarnitine)

3D MOL for HMDB0013161 (2-Hexenoylcarnitine)

3D SDF for HMDB0013161 (2-Hexenoylcarnitine)

3D-SDF for HMDB0013161 (2-Hexenoylcarnitine)

PDB for HMDB0013161 (2-Hexenoylcarnitine)

3D PDB for HMDB0013161 (2-Hexenoylcarnitine)

SMILES for HMDB0013161 (2-Hexenoylcarnitine)

INCHI for HMDB0013161 (2-Hexenoylcarnitine)

Structure for HMDB0013161 (2-Hexenoylcarnitine)

3D Structure for HMDB0013161 (2-Hexenoylcarnitine)

Predicted Collision Cross Sections

Predicted Kovats Retention Indices

Underivatized

GC-MS Spectra

MS/MS Spectra

NMR Spectra