Record Information |
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Version | 5.0 |
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Status | Expected but not Quantified |
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Creation Date | 2012-09-06 15:16:50 UTC |
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Update Date | 2022-03-07 02:51:45 UTC |
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HMDB ID | HMDB0014804 |
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Secondary Accession Numbers | |
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Metabolite Identification |
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Common Name | Nafarelin |
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Description | Nafarelin is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a potent synthetic agonist of gonadotropin-releasing hormone with 3-(2-naphthyl)-D-alanine substitution at residue 6. Nafarelin has been used in the treatments of central precocious puberty and endometriosis. [PubChem]Like GnRH, initial or intermittent administration of nafarelin stimulates release of the gonadotropins luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) from the pituitary gland, which in turn transiently increases production of estradiol in females and testosterone in both sexes. However, with continuous daily administration, nafarelin continuously occupies the GnRH receptor, leading to a reversible down-regulation of the GnRH receptors in the pituitary gland and desensitization of the pituitary gonadotropes. This causes a significant and sustained decline in the production of LH and FSH. A decline in gonadotropin production and release causes a dramatic reversible decrease in synthesis of estradiol, progesterone, and testosterone by the ovaries or testes. Like normal endometrium, endometriotic implants contain estrogen receptors. Estrogen stimulates the growth of endometrium. Use of nafarelin induces anovulation and amenorrhea and decreases serum concentrations of estradiol to the postmenopausal range, which induces atrophy of endometriotic implants. However, nafarelin does not abolish the underlying pathophysiology of endometriosis. In children with central precocious puberty receiving nafarelin, serum LH, testosterone, and estradiol concentrations return to prepubertal levels. This results in the supression of secondary sexual characteristics and decrased rate of linear growth and skeletal maturation. Following disconinuation of nafarelin, the effects of the drug is reversed, meaning FSH and LH concentrations usually return to pretreatment levels. |
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Structure | CC(C)CC(NC(=O)C(CC1=CC2=CC=CC=C2C=C1)NC(=O)C(CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1)NC(=O)C(CO)NC(=O)C(CC1=CNC2=CC=CC=C12)NC(=O)C(CC1=CNC=N1)NC(=O)C1CCC(=O)N1)C(=O)NC(CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N1CCCC1C(=O)NCC(N)=O InChI=1S/C66H83N17O13/c1-36(2)25-48(58(89)76-47(13-7-23-71-66(68)69)65(96)83-24-8-14-54(83)64(95)73-33-55(67)86)77-60(91)50(28-38-15-18-39-9-3-4-10-40(39)26-38)78-59(90)49(27-37-16-19-43(85)20-17-37)79-63(94)53(34-84)82-61(92)51(29-41-31-72-45-12-6-5-11-44(41)45)80-62(93)52(30-42-32-70-35-74-42)81-57(88)46-21-22-56(87)75-46/h3-6,9-12,15-20,26,31-32,35-36,46-54,72,84-85H,7-8,13-14,21-25,27-30,33-34H2,1-2H3,(H2,67,86)(H,70,74)(H,73,95)(H,75,87)(H,76,89)(H,77,91)(H,78,90)(H,79,94)(H,80,93)(H,81,88)(H,82,92)(H4,68,69,71) |
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Synonyms | Value | Source |
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Nafarelin acetate | HMDB | Nafarelin acetate, hydrate | HMDB | Synarel | HMDB | Nafarelin monoacetate | HMDB |
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Chemical Formula | C66H83N17O13 |
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Average Molecular Weight | 1322.4713 |
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Monoisotopic Molecular Weight | 1321.635625827 |
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IUPAC Name | N-(5-carbamimidamido-1-{2-[(carbamoylmethyl)carbamoyl]pyrrolidin-1-yl}-1-oxopentan-2-yl)-2-{2-[2-(3-hydroxy-2-{2-[3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)-2-[(5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl)formamido]propanamido]-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanamido}propanamido)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanamido]-3-(naphthalen-2-yl)propanamido}-4-methylpentanamide |
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Traditional Name | nafarelin |
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CAS Registry Number | 76932-56-4 |
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SMILES | CC(C)CC(NC(=O)C(CC1=CC2=CC=CC=C2C=C1)NC(=O)C(CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1)NC(=O)C(CO)NC(=O)C(CC1=CNC2=CC=CC=C12)NC(=O)C(CC1=CNC=N1)NC(=O)C1CCC(=O)N1)C(=O)NC(CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N1CCCC1C(=O)NCC(N)=O |
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InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C66H83N17O13/c1-36(2)25-48(58(89)76-47(13-7-23-71-66(68)69)65(96)83-24-8-14-54(83)64(95)73-33-55(67)86)77-60(91)50(28-38-15-18-39-9-3-4-10-40(39)26-38)78-59(90)49(27-37-16-19-43(85)20-17-37)79-63(94)53(34-84)82-61(92)51(29-41-31-72-45-12-6-5-11-44(41)45)80-62(93)52(30-42-32-70-35-74-42)81-57(88)46-21-22-56(87)75-46/h3-6,9-12,15-20,26,31-32,35-36,46-54,72,84-85H,7-8,13-14,21-25,27-30,33-34H2,1-2H3,(H2,67,86)(H,70,74)(H,73,95)(H,75,87)(H,76,89)(H,77,91)(H,78,90)(H,79,94)(H,80,93)(H,81,88)(H,82,92)(H4,68,69,71) |
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InChI Key | RWHUEXWOYVBUCI-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
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Chemical Taxonomy |
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Description | Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as polypeptides. These are peptides containing ten or more amino acid residues. |
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Kingdom | Organic compounds |
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Super Class | Organic Polymers |
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Class | Polypeptides |
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Sub Class | Not Available |
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Direct Parent | Polypeptides |
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Alternative Parents | |
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Substituents | - Polypeptide
- Alpha peptide
- Tyrosine or derivatives
- Phenylalanine or derivatives
- Histidine or derivatives
- Leucine or derivatives
- N-acyl-alpha amino acid or derivatives
- Proline or derivatives
- Alpha-amino acid amide
- Triptan
- Serine or derivatives
- N-substituted-alpha-amino acid
- 3-alkylindole
- Alpha-amino acid or derivatives
- Naphthalene
- Amphetamine or derivatives
- Indole or derivatives
- Indole
- Pyrrolidine carboxylic acid or derivatives
- N-acylpyrrolidine
- Pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide
- 1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoid
- Phenol
- Monocyclic benzene moiety
- Fatty amide
- N-acyl-amine
- Fatty acyl
- Benzenoid
- Substituted pyrrole
- Pyrrolidone
- 2-pyrrolidone
- Azole
- Pyrrolidine
- Tertiary carboxylic acid amide
- Pyrrole
- Imidazole
- Heteroaromatic compound
- Primary carboxylic acid amide
- Carboxamide group
- Guanidine
- Lactam
- Secondary carboxylic acid amide
- Carboximidamide
- Organoheterocyclic compound
- Azacycle
- Carboxylic acid derivative
- Organic nitrogen compound
- Organooxygen compound
- Organic oxide
- Carbonyl group
- Organopnictogen compound
- Alcohol
- Primary alcohol
- Organonitrogen compound
- Organic oxygen compound
- Imine
- Hydrocarbon derivative
- Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound
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Molecular Framework | Aromatic heteropolycyclic compounds |
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External Descriptors | |
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Ontology |
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Physiological effect | Not Available |
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Disposition | |
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Process | Not Available |
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Role | Not Available |
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Physical Properties |
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State | Solid |
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Experimental Molecular Properties | Property | Value | Reference |
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Melting Point | Not Available | Not Available | Boiling Point | Not Available | Not Available | Water Solubility | 0.017 g/L | Not Available | LogP | Not Available | Not Available |
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Experimental Chromatographic Properties | Not Available |
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Predicted Molecular Properties | | Show more...
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Predicted Chromatographic Properties | Predicted Collision Cross SectionsPredictor | Adduct Type | CCS Value (Å2) | Reference |
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DeepCCS | [M-2H]- | 384.01 | 30932474 | DeepCCS | [M+Na]+ | 357.789 | 30932474 |
Predicted Kovats Retention IndicesNot Available |
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Spectra |
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| MS/MS SpectraSpectrum Type | Description | Splash Key | Deposition Date | Source | View |
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Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Nafarelin 10V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-00dr-9037302120-f0facb1967d30439597d | 2016-08-03 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Nafarelin 20V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-00di-9011200000-e32adcd953ac1c721212 | 2016-08-03 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Nafarelin 40V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-00e9-9011100000-0e896538a04b95abd857 | 2016-08-03 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Nafarelin 10V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-0ukc-2194100000-e5cb37d2eafc7e73ef96 | 2016-08-03 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Nafarelin 20V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-11b9-6595010100-3cfda325f415bde10f61 | 2016-08-03 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Nafarelin 40V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-052f-9410011130-eb97257a1937988394bc | 2016-08-03 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Nafarelin 10V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0kg9-0017900031-0ad2341a5a6f67386398 | 2021-10-11 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Nafarelin 20V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0abd-1133910111-a355010b703bbfdcb57f | 2021-10-11 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Nafarelin 40V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0pbl-1611920110-b8ca31d70aed9fbf9a0e | 2021-10-11 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Nafarelin 10V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-00dl-1109300000-0c7604e46e8e28bdf55f | 2021-10-11 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Nafarelin 20V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-0fkl-3829202140-80a733fe94b1819e25e8 | 2021-10-11 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Nafarelin 40V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-0096-5911304005-08b37dbd696b4e3af318 | 2021-10-11 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum |
NMR SpectraSpectrum Type | Description | Deposition Date | Source | View |
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Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-29 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-29 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-29 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-29 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-29 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-29 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-29 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-29 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-29 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-29 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-29 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-29 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-29 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-29 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-29 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-29 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-29 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-29 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-29 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-29 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum |
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Biological Properties |
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Cellular Locations | |
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Biospecimen Locations | |
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Tissue Locations | Not Available |
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Pathways | |
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Normal Concentrations |
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Blood | Expected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Not Available | Not Available | Taking drug identified by DrugBank entry DB00666 | | details | Urine | Expected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Not Available | Not Available | Taking drug identified by DrugBank entry DB00666 | | details |
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Abnormal Concentrations |
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| Not Available |
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Predicted Concentrations |
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Blood | 0.000 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | Predicted based on drug qualities | Blood | 0.000 umol/mmol creatinine | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | Predicted based on drug qualities |
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Associated Disorders and Diseases |
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Disease References | None |
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Associated OMIM IDs | None |
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External Links |
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DrugBank ID | Not Available |
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Phenol Explorer Compound ID | Not Available |
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FooDB ID | Not Available |
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KNApSAcK ID | Not Available |
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Chemspider ID | 10605761 |
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KEGG Compound ID | C07613 |
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BioCyc ID | Not Available |
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BiGG ID | Not Available |
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Wikipedia Link | Nafarelin |
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METLIN ID | Not Available |
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PubChem Compound | 25077649 |
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PDB ID | Not Available |
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ChEBI ID | 7445 |
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Food Biomarker Ontology | Not Available |
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VMH ID | Not Available |
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MarkerDB ID | Not Available |
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Good Scents ID | Not Available |
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References |
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Synthesis Reference | Not Available |
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Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) | Not Available |
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General References | - Hugues JN, Cedrin Durnerin IC: Revisiting gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist protocols and management of poor ovarian responses to gonadotrophins. Hum Reprod Update. 1998 Jan-Feb;4(1):83-101. [PubMed:9622415 ]
- Garner C: Uses of GnRH agonists. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs. 1994 Sep;23(7):563-70. [PubMed:7996307 ]
- Saltiel E, Garabedian-Ruffalo SM: Pharmacologic management of endometriosis. Clin Pharm. 1991 Jul;10(7):518-31. [PubMed:1830521 ]
- Chrisp P, Goa KL: Nafarelin. A review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties, and clinical potential in sex hormone-related conditions. Drugs. 1990 Apr;39(4):523-51. [PubMed:2140979 ]
- Letassy NA, Thompson DF, Britton ML, Suda RR Sr: Nafarelin acetate: a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist for the treatment of endometriosis. DICP. 1990 Dec;24(12):1204-9. [PubMed:2151003 ]
- Burry KA: Nafarelin in the management of endometriosis: quality of life assessment. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1992 Feb;166(2):735-9. [PubMed:1531576 ]
- Henzl MR: Gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs: update on new findings. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1992 Feb;166(2):757-61. [PubMed:1531579 ]
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