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Record Information
Version5.0
StatusExpected but not Quantified
Creation Date2012-09-06 15:16:50 UTC
Update Date2022-03-07 02:51:45 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0014808
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB14808
Metabolite Identification
Common NamePirenzepine
DescriptionPirenzepine, also known as ulcoprotect or gastrozepin, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as 1,4-benzodiazepines. These are organic compounds containing a benzene ring fused to a 1,4-azepine. Pirenzepine is a drug which is used for the treatment of peptic ulcer, gastric ulcer, and duodenal ulcer. It is in a class of drugs known as muscarinic receptor antagonists - acetylcholine being the neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic nervous system which initiates the rest-and-digest state (as opposed to fight-or-flight), resulting in an increase in gastric motility and digestion; whereas pirenzepine would inhibit these actions and cause decreased gastric motility leading to delayed gastric emptying and constipation. Pirenzepine is a very strong basic compound (based on its pKa). In humans, pirenzepine is involved in pirenzepine action pathway. Pirenzepine has been investigated for use in myopia control. Pirenzepine (Gastrozepin), an M1 selective antagonist, is used in the treatment of peptic ulcers, as it reduces gastric acid secretion and reduces muscle spasm. It promotes the homodimerization or oligomerisation of M1 receptors. It has no effects on the brain and spinal cord as it cannot diffuse through the blood–brain barrier.
Structure
Thumb
Synonyms
Chemical FormulaC19H21N5O2
Average Molecular Weight351.4023
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight351.169524941
IUPAC Name2-[2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)acetyl]-2,4,9-triazatricyclo[9.4.0.0³,⁸]pentadeca-1(15),3(8),4,6,11,13-hexaen-10-one
Traditional Namepirenzepine
CAS Registry Number28797-61-7
SMILES
CN1CCN(CC(=O)N2C3=CC=CC=C3C(=O)NC3=C2N=CC=C3)CC1
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C19H21N5O2/c1-22-9-11-23(12-10-22)13-17(25)24-16-7-3-2-5-14(16)19(26)21-15-6-4-8-20-18(15)24/h2-8H,9-13H2,1H3,(H,21,26)
InChI KeyRMHMFHUVIITRHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as 1,4-benzodiazepines. These are organic compounds containing a benzene ring fused to a 1,4-azepine.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganoheterocyclic compounds
ClassBenzodiazepines
Sub Class1,4-benzodiazepines
Direct Parent1,4-benzodiazepines
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Pyrido-para-diazepine
  • 1,4-benzodiazepine
  • Alpha-amino acid or derivatives
  • N-piperazineacetamide
  • N-methylpiperazine
  • N-alkylpiperazine
  • 1,4-diazinane
  • Piperazine
  • Pyridine
  • Imidolactam
  • Benzenoid
  • Heteroaromatic compound
  • Cyclic carboximidic acid
  • Tertiary carboxylic acid amide
  • Amino acid or derivatives
  • Carboxamide group
  • Tertiary amine
  • Tertiary aliphatic amine
  • Azacycle
  • Carboxylic acid derivative
  • Organic 1,3-dipolar compound
  • Propargyl-type 1,3-dipolar organic compound
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Amine
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organic oxide
  • Carbonyl group
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAromatic heteropolycyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
Physiological effectNot Available
Disposition
Process
RoleNot Available
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting PointNot AvailableNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water Solubility0.68 g/LNot Available
LogP0.6Not Available
Experimental Chromatographic Properties

Experimental Collision Cross Sections

Adduct TypeData SourceCCS Value (Å2)Reference
[M+H]+Not Available181.172http://allccs.zhulab.cn/database/detail?ID=AllCCS00000921
Predicted Molecular Properties
Predicted Chromatographic Properties
Spectra
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Membrane
Biospecimen Locations
  • Blood
  • Urine
Tissue LocationsNot Available
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot AvailableNot AvailableTaking drug identified by DrugBank entry DB00670 details
UrineExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot AvailableNot AvailableTaking drug identified by DrugBank entry DB00670 details
Abnormal Concentrations
Not Available
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease ReferencesNone
Associated OMIM IDsNone
DrugBank IDDB00670
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDNot Available
KNApSAcK IDNot Available
Chemspider ID4682
KEGG Compound IDC07508
BioCyc IDNot Available
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkPirenzepine
METLIN IDNot Available
PubChem Compound4848
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID8247
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDNot Available
MarkerDB IDNot Available
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
General References
  1. Czepita D: [Fundamentals of modern treatment of myopia]. Ann Acad Med Stetin. 2005;51(2):5-9. [PubMed:16519089 ]

Enzymes

General function:
Involved in G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway
Specific function:
The muscarinic acetylcholine receptor mediates various cellular responses, including inhibition of adenylate cyclase, breakdown of phosphoinositides and modulation of potassium channels through the action of G proteins. Primary transducing effect is Pi turnover
Gene Name:
CHRM1
Uniprot ID:
P11229
Molecular weight:
51420.4
References
  1. Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [PubMed:11752352 ]
  2. Pedretti RF, Prete G, Foreman RD, Adamson PB, Vanoli E: Autonomic modulation during acute myocardial ischemia by low-dose pirenzepine in conscious dogs with a healed myocardial infarction: a comparison with beta-adrenergic blockade. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2003 May;41(5):671-7. [PubMed:12717096 ]