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Record Information
Version5.0
StatusExpected but not Quantified
Creation Date2012-09-06 15:16:51 UTC
Update Date2022-03-07 02:51:49 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0015017
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB15017
Metabolite Identification
Common NameEmtricitabine
DescriptionEmtricitabine is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection in adults. Emtricitabine works by inhibiting reverse transcriptase (RT), an enzyme that allows the virus to multiply by copying HIV RNA into new viral DNA. The drug competes with the reverse transcriptase's natural substrate deoxycytidine 5'-triphosphate and also becomes incorporated into viral DNA. This is a result of emtricitabine being a synthetic nucleoside analogue of cytidine. It is phosphorylated by cellular enzymes to form emtricitabine 5'-triphosphate which competes with the natural substrate deoxycytidine 5'-triphosphate and becomes incorporated into nascent viral DNA, resulting in early chain termination. By inhibiting HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, emtricitabine can help to lower the amount of HIV (viral load) in a patient's body and can indirectly increase the number of immune system cells (T cells or CD4+ T-cells). Both of these changes are associated with healthier immune systems and a decreased likelihood of serious illness. Emtricitabine is always used in conjunction with other HIV medicine to treat people with HIV infection.
Structure
Data?1582753248
Synonyms
Chemical FormulaC8H10FN3O3S
Average Molecular Weight247.247
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight247.042690096
IUPAC Name4-amino-5-fluoro-1-[(2R,5S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-oxathiolan-5-yl]-1,2-dihydropyrimidin-2-one
Traditional Nameemtricitabine
CAS Registry Number143491-57-0
SMILES
NC1=NC(=O)N(C=C1F)[C@@H]1CS[C@H](CO)O1
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C8H10FN3O3S/c9-4-1-12(8(14)11-7(4)10)5-3-16-6(2-13)15-5/h1,5-6,13H,2-3H2,(H2,10,11,14)/t5-,6+/m0/s1
InChI KeyXQSPYNMVSIKCOC-NTSWFWBYSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as 3'-thia pyrimidine nucleosides. These are nucleoside analogues with a structure that consists of a pyrimidine base, which is N-substituted at the 1-position with a 3'-thia derivative (1,3-oxazolidine) of the ribose moiety that is characteristic of nucleosides.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassNucleosides, nucleotides, and analogues
ClassNucleoside and nucleotide analogues
Sub Class3'-thia pyrimidine nucleosides
Direct Parent3'-thia pyrimidine nucleosides
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • 3'-thia pyrimidine nucleoside
  • Aminopyrimidine
  • Halopyrimidine
  • Pyrimidone
  • Aryl fluoride
  • Aryl halide
  • Hydropyrimidine
  • Pyrimidine
  • Imidolactam
  • Heteroaromatic compound
  • Monothioacetal
  • Oxathiolane
  • Oxacycle
  • Azacycle
  • Organoheterocyclic compound
  • Amine
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Organofluoride
  • Organohalogen compound
  • Alcohol
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organic oxide
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Primary alcohol
  • Primary amine
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Aromatic heteromonocyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAromatic heteromonocyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
Physiological effectNot Available
Disposition
Process
RoleNot Available
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting Point136 - 140 °CNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water Solubility2 g/LNot Available
LogP-1.4Not Available
Experimental Chromatographic PropertiesNot Available
Predicted Molecular Properties
Predicted Chromatographic Properties
Spectra
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Cytoplasm
Biospecimen Locations
  • Blood
  • Urine
Tissue LocationsNot Available
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot AvailableNot AvailableTaking drug identified by DrugBank entry DB00879 details
UrineExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot AvailableNot AvailableTaking drug identified by DrugBank entry DB00879 details
Abnormal Concentrations
Not Available
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease ReferencesNone
Associated OMIM IDsNone
DrugBank IDDB00879
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDNot Available
KNApSAcK IDNot Available
Chemspider ID54859
KEGG Compound IDC12599
BioCyc IDNot Available
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkEmtricitabine
METLIN IDNot Available
PubChem Compound60877
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID31536
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDNot Available
MarkerDB IDNot Available
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
General References
  1. Authors unspecified: Emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate. Drugs R D. 2004;5(3):160-1. [PubMed:15139777 ]
  2. Goicoechea M, Best B: Efavirenz/emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate fixed-dose combination: first-line therapy for all? Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2007 Feb;8(3):371-82. [PubMed:17266471 ]
  3. Masho SW, Wang CL, Nixon DE: Review of tenofovir-emtricitabine. Ther Clin Risk Manag. 2007 Dec;3(6):1097-104. [PubMed:18516268 ]
  4. Long MC, King JR, Acosta EP: Pharmacologic aspects of new antiretroviral drugs. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep. 2009 Feb;6(1):43-50. [PubMed:19149996 ]

Enzymes

General function:
Involved in ATP binding
Specific function:
Required for the phosphorylation of the deoxyribonucleosides deoxycytidine (dC), deoxyguanosine (dG) and deoxyadenosine (dA). Has broad substrate specificity, and does not display selectivity based on the chirality of the substrate. It is also an essential enzyme for the phosphorylation of numerous nucleoside analogs widely employed as antiviral and chemotherapeutic agents.
Gene Name:
DCK
Uniprot ID:
P27707
Molecular weight:
30518.315
References
  1. Bethell R, De Muys J, Lippens J, Richard A, Hamelin B, Ren C, Collins P: In vitro interactions between apricitabine and other deoxycytidine analogues. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2007 Aug;51(8):2948-53. Epub 2007 May 21. [PubMed:17517847 ]