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Record Information
Version5.0
StatusExpected but not Quantified
Creation Date2012-09-06 15:16:51 UTC
Update Date2022-03-07 02:51:53 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0015176
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB15176
Metabolite Identification
Common NameMelphalan
DescriptionMelphalan, also known as L-sarcolysine or L-PAM, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as phenylalanine and derivatives. Phenylalanine and derivatives are compounds containing phenylalanine or a derivative thereof resulting from reaction of phenylalanine at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of glycine by a heteroatom. Melphalan is a drug which is used for the palliative treatment of multiple myeloma and for the palliation of non-resectable epithelial carcinoma of the ovary. has also been used alone or as part of various chemotherapeutic regimens as an adjunct to surgery in the treatment of breast cancer, alone or in combination regimens for palliative treatment of locally recurrent or unresectable in-transit metastatic melanoma of the extremities, as well as for the treatment of amyloidosis with prednisone. Melphalan is a very strong basic compound (based on its pKa). Melphalan is formally rated as a carcinogen (by IARC 1) and is also a potentially toxic compound. A phenylalanine derivative comprising L-phenylalanine having [bis(2-chloroethyl)amino group at the 4-position on the phenyl ring.
Structure
Data?1582753267
Synonyms
ValueSource
3-(p-(Bis(2-chloroethyl)amino)phenyl)-L-alanineChEBI
3-p-(Di(2-chloroethyl)amino)-phenyl-L-alanineChEBI
4-(Bis(2-chloroethyl)amino)-L-phenylalanineChEBI
L-3-(p-(Bis(2-chloroethyl)amino)phenyl)alanineChEBI
L-PAMChEBI
L-Phenylalanine mustardChEBI
L-SarcolysineChEBI
MelfalanoChEBI
MelphalanumChEBI
p-Bis(beta-chloroethyl)aminophenylalanineChEBI
p-Di-(2-chloroethyl)amino-L-phenylalanineChEBI
p-L-SarcolysinChEBI
p-N,N-Bis(2-chloroethyl)amino-L-phenylalanineChEBI
p-N-Bis(2-chloroethyl)amino-L-phenylalanineChEBI
Phenylalanine mustardChEBI
Phenylalanine nitrogen mustardChEBI
AlkeranKegg
p-Bis(b-chloroethyl)aminophenylalanineGenerator
p-Bis(β-chloroethyl)aminophenylalanineGenerator
4-(Bis(2-chloroethyl)amino)phenylalanineHMDB
MedphalanHMDB
MerphalanHMDB
SarcolysineHMDB
SarkolysinHMDB
Mustard, phenylalanineHMDB
Chemical FormulaC13H18Cl2N2O2
Average Molecular Weight305.2
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight304.074533244
IUPAC Name(2S)-2-amino-3-{4-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]phenyl}propanoic acid
Traditional Namemelphalan
CAS Registry Number148-82-3
SMILES
N[C@@H](CC1=CC=C(C=C1)N(CCCl)CCCl)C(O)=O
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C13H18Cl2N2O2/c14-5-7-17(8-6-15)11-3-1-10(2-4-11)9-12(16)13(18)19/h1-4,12H,5-9,16H2,(H,18,19)/t12-/m0/s1
InChI KeySGDBTWWWUNNDEQ-LBPRGKRZSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as phenylalanine and derivatives. Phenylalanine and derivatives are compounds containing phenylalanine or a derivative thereof resulting from reaction of phenylalanine at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of glycine by a heteroatom.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganic acids and derivatives
ClassCarboxylic acids and derivatives
Sub ClassAmino acids, peptides, and analogues
Direct ParentPhenylalanine and derivatives
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Phenylalanine or derivatives
  • 3-phenylpropanoic-acid
  • Alpha-amino acid
  • Amphetamine or derivatives
  • L-alpha-amino acid
  • Nitrogen mustard
  • Tertiary aliphatic/aromatic amine
  • Aniline or substituted anilines
  • Dialkylarylamine
  • Aralkylamine
  • Monocyclic benzene moiety
  • Benzenoid
  • Amino acid
  • Tertiary amine
  • Carboxylic acid
  • Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
  • Organic oxide
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Organochloride
  • Organohalogen compound
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Primary aliphatic amine
  • Primary amine
  • Carbonyl group
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Alkyl halide
  • Amine
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Alkyl chloride
  • Aromatic homomonocyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAromatic homomonocyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
Physiological effectNot Available
Disposition
ProcessNot Available
RoleNot Available
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting Point182.5 °CNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water Solubility0.36 g/LNot Available
LogP0.4Not Available
Experimental Chromatographic Properties

Experimental Collision Cross Sections

Adduct TypeData SourceCCS Value (Å2)Reference
[M+H]+Not Available168.69http://allccs.zhulab.cn/database/detail?ID=AllCCS00001269
Predicted Molecular Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility0.36 g/LALOGPS
logP-0.22ALOGPS
logP0.25ChemAxon
logS-2.9ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)1.29ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)9.51ChemAxon
Physiological Charge0ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count4ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count2ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area66.56 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count8ChemAxon
Refractivity78.23 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability31.38 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings1ChemAxon
BioavailabilityYesChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterYesChemAxon
Veber's RuleNoChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
Predicted Chromatographic Properties

Predicted Collision Cross Sections

PredictorAdduct TypeCCS Value (Å2)Reference
DeepCCS[M+H]+168.78430932474
DeepCCS[M-H]-166.42630932474
DeepCCS[M-2H]-199.31330932474
DeepCCS[M+Na]+174.87730932474
AllCCS[M+H]+165.332859911
AllCCS[M+H-H2O]+162.232859911
AllCCS[M+NH4]+168.132859911
AllCCS[M+Na]+168.932859911
AllCCS[M-H]-167.532859911
AllCCS[M+Na-2H]-168.032859911
AllCCS[M+HCOO]-168.732859911

Predicted Kovats Retention Indices

Underivatized

MetaboliteSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
MelphalanN[C@@H](CC1=CC=C(C=C1)N(CCCl)CCCl)C(O)=O3478.3Standard polar33892256
MelphalanN[C@@H](CC1=CC=C(C=C1)N(CCCl)CCCl)C(O)=O2494.8Standard non polar33892256
MelphalanN[C@@H](CC1=CC=C(C=C1)N(CCCl)CCCl)C(O)=O2603.8Semi standard non polar33892256

Derivatized

Derivative Name / StructureSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
Melphalan,1TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC1=CC=C(N(CCCl)CCCl)C=C12498.1Semi standard non polar33892256
Melphalan,1TMS,isomer #2C[Si](C)(C)N[C@@H](CC1=CC=C(N(CCCl)CCCl)C=C1)C(=O)O2637.9Semi standard non polar33892256
Melphalan,2TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)N[C@@H](CC1=CC=C(N(CCCl)CCCl)C=C1)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C2533.9Semi standard non polar33892256
Melphalan,2TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)N[C@@H](CC1=CC=C(N(CCCl)CCCl)C=C1)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C2469.6Standard non polar33892256
Melphalan,2TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)N[C@@H](CC1=CC=C(N(CCCl)CCCl)C=C1)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C2993.4Standard polar33892256
Melphalan,2TMS,isomer #2C[Si](C)(C)N([C@@H](CC1=CC=C(N(CCCl)CCCl)C=C1)C(=O)O)[Si](C)(C)C2714.3Semi standard non polar33892256
Melphalan,2TMS,isomer #2C[Si](C)(C)N([C@@H](CC1=CC=C(N(CCCl)CCCl)C=C1)C(=O)O)[Si](C)(C)C2617.7Standard non polar33892256
Melphalan,2TMS,isomer #2C[Si](C)(C)N([C@@H](CC1=CC=C(N(CCCl)CCCl)C=C1)C(=O)O)[Si](C)(C)C3167.8Standard polar33892256
Melphalan,3TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)[C@H](CC1=CC=C(N(CCCl)CCCl)C=C1)N([Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C2666.2Semi standard non polar33892256
Melphalan,3TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)[C@H](CC1=CC=C(N(CCCl)CCCl)C=C1)N([Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C2600.7Standard non polar33892256
Melphalan,3TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)[C@H](CC1=CC=C(N(CCCl)CCCl)C=C1)N([Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C2828.3Standard polar33892256
Melphalan,1TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC1=CC=C(N(CCCl)CCCl)C=C12759.9Semi standard non polar33892256
Melphalan,1TBDMS,isomer #2CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N[C@@H](CC1=CC=C(N(CCCl)CCCl)C=C1)C(=O)O2867.9Semi standard non polar33892256
Melphalan,2TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N[C@@H](CC1=CC=C(N(CCCl)CCCl)C=C1)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C3009.2Semi standard non polar33892256
Melphalan,2TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N[C@@H](CC1=CC=C(N(CCCl)CCCl)C=C1)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2975.5Standard non polar33892256
Melphalan,2TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N[C@@H](CC1=CC=C(N(CCCl)CCCl)C=C1)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C3139.1Standard polar33892256
Melphalan,2TBDMS,isomer #2CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N([C@@H](CC1=CC=C(N(CCCl)CCCl)C=C1)C(=O)O)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C3165.9Semi standard non polar33892256
Melphalan,2TBDMS,isomer #2CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N([C@@H](CC1=CC=C(N(CCCl)CCCl)C=C1)C(=O)O)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C3047.1Standard non polar33892256
Melphalan,2TBDMS,isomer #2CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N([C@@H](CC1=CC=C(N(CCCl)CCCl)C=C1)C(=O)O)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C3210.6Standard polar33892256
Melphalan,3TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)[C@H](CC1=CC=C(N(CCCl)CCCl)C=C1)N([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C3332.2Semi standard non polar33892256
Melphalan,3TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)[C@H](CC1=CC=C(N(CCCl)CCCl)C=C1)N([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C3230.5Standard non polar33892256
Melphalan,3TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)[C@H](CC1=CC=C(N(CCCl)CCCl)C=C1)N([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C3044.0Standard polar33892256
Spectra

GC-MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Melphalan GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-052f-3890000000-153ff87813e7a797c73b2017-09-01Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Melphalan GC-MS (1 TMS) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-01c3-8295000000-421b0e52574345db725f2017-10-06Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Melphalan GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-12Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Melphalan GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-12Wishart LabView Spectrum

MS/MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Melphalan LC-ESI-qTof , Positive-QTOFsplash10-000w-2930000000-b95beb5e9c3e61b7687f2017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Melphalan , positive-QTOFsplash10-000w-2930000000-b95beb5e9c3e61b7687f2017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Melphalan 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0a4i-0093000000-78045bae5e6c1e79e22d2016-08-01Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Melphalan 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0a4i-1490000000-3b1f7009692b1139989b2016-08-01Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Melphalan 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-02t9-3930000000-b0f45ffda87388d4384a2016-08-01Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Melphalan 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0udi-0049000000-8c401366ace5d7fc1f082016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Melphalan 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0v4i-1192000000-fd136d877921c8afed952016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Melphalan 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-00di-9530000000-511158435cb1ef0630852016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Melphalan 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0a4i-0095000000-3f3242a1d9debe0c83152021-10-11Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Melphalan 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-00bi-0090000000-91067233804f48cd760a2021-10-11Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Melphalan 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-014j-0930000000-af3e37be6b85ec7f144b2021-10-11Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Melphalan 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-001i-7090000000-6793f4f7ed0a2c22f9722021-10-11Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Melphalan 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-001i-9000000000-c2fa753da65a4bac80a12021-10-11Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Melphalan 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-001i-9000000000-ed9c052b92676bc8a30b2021-10-11Wishart LabView Spectrum

NMR Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-16Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-16Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-16Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-16Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-16Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-16Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-16Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-16Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-16Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-16Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-16Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-16Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-16Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-16Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-16Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-16Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-16Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-16Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-16Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-16Wishart LabView Spectrum
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Cytoplasm
  • Membrane
Biospecimen Locations
  • Blood
  • Urine
Tissue LocationsNot Available
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot AvailableNot AvailableTaking drug identified by DrugBank entry DB01042 details
UrineExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot AvailableNot AvailableTaking drug identified by DrugBank entry DB01042 details
Abnormal Concentrations
Not Available
Predicted Concentrations
BiospecimenValueOriginal ageOriginal sexOriginal conditionComments
Blood0.000 uMAdult (>18 years old)BothNormalPredicted based on drug qualities
Blood0.000 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)BothNormalPredicted based on drug qualities
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease ReferencesNone
Associated OMIM IDsNone
DrugBank IDDB01042
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDNot Available
KNApSAcK IDNot Available
Chemspider ID405297
KEGG Compound IDC07122
BioCyc IDNot Available
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkMelphalan
METLIN IDNot Available
PubChem Compound460612
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID28876
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDNot Available
MarkerDB IDNot Available
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
General References
  1. Moscow JA, Swanson CA, Cowan KH: Decreased melphalan accumulation in a human breast cancer cell line selected for resistance to melphalan. Br J Cancer. 1993 Oct;68(4):732-7. [PubMed:8398701 ]
  2. Souliotis VL, Dimopoulos MA, Episkopou HG, Kyrtopoulos SA, Sfikakis PP: Preferential in vivo DNA repair of melphalan-induced damage in human genes is greatly affected by the local chromatin structure. DNA Repair (Amst). 2006 Aug 13;5(8):972-85. Epub 2006 Jun 15. [PubMed:16781199 ]
  3. Loeber R, Michaelson E, Fang Q, Campbell C, Pegg AE, Tretyakova N: Cross-linking of the DNA repair protein Omicron6-alkylguanine DNA alkyltransferase to DNA in the presence of antitumor nitrogen mustards. Chem Res Toxicol. 2008 Apr;21(4):787-95. doi: 10.1021/tx7004508. Epub 2008 Feb 14. [PubMed:18324787 ]

Transporters

General function:
Involved in transmembrane transport
Specific function:
Mediates potential-dependent transport of a variety of organic cations. May play a significant role in the disposition of cationic neurotoxins and neurotransmitters in the brain
Gene Name:
SLC22A3
Uniprot ID:
O75751
Molecular weight:
61279.5
References
  1. Shnitsar V, Eckardt R, Gupta S, Grottker J, Muller GA, Koepsell H, Burckhardt G, Hagos Y: Expression of human organic cation transporter 3 in kidney carcinoma cell lines increases chemosensitivity to melphalan, irinotecan, and vincristine. Cancer Res. 2009 Feb 15;69(4):1494-501. doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-08-2483. Epub 2009 Feb 3. [PubMed:19190342 ]