Hmdb loader
Record Information
Version5.0
StatusExpected but not Quantified
Creation Date2012-09-06 15:16:51 UTC
Update Date2022-03-07 02:51:56 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0015313
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB15313
Metabolite Identification
Common NamePropafenone
DescriptionPropafenone is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is an antiarrhythmia agent that is particularly effective in ventricular arrhythmias. It also has weak beta-blocking activity. The drug is generally well tolerated. [PubChem]The electrophysiological effect of propafenone manifests itself in a reduction of upstroke velocity (Phase 0) of the monophasic action potential. In Purkinje fibers, and to a lesser extent myocardial fibers, propafenone reduces the fast inward current carried by sodium ions, which is responsible for the drugs antiarrhythmic actions. Diastolic excitability threshold is increased and effective refractory period prolonged. Propafenone reduces spontaneous automaticity and depresses triggered activity. At very high concentrations in vitro, propafenone can inhibit the slow inward current carried by calcium but this calcium antagonist effect probably does not contribute to antiarrhythmic efficacy.
Structure
Data?1582753282
Synonyms
ValueSource
1-(2-(2-Hydroxy-3-(propylamino)propoxy)phenyl)-3-phenyl-1-propanoneChEBI
2-(2'-Hydroxy-3'-propylaminopropoxy)-omega-phenylpropiophenoneChEBI
PropafenonaChEBI
PropafenonumChEBI
Propafenon hexalKegg
Abbott brand OF propafenone hydrochlorideHMDB
Aliud brand OF propafenone hydrochlorideHMDB
ArythmolHMDB
Knoll brand OF propafenone hydrochlorideHMDB
Merck dura brand OF propafenone hydrochlorideHMDB
Propafenone hydrochloride, (R)-isomerHMDB
Propafenone, (+-)-isomerHMDB
Propafenone, (R)-isomerHMDB
Q-Pharm brand OF propafenone hydrochlorideHMDB
SA-79HMDB
Apotex brand OF propafenone hydrochlorideHMDB
Azupharma brand OF propafenone hydrochlorideHMDB
FenoprainHMDB
Hydrochloride, propafenoneHMDB
Kendrick brand OF propafenone hydrochlorideHMDB
NistakenHMDB
PintoformHMDB
Propafenon alHMDB
RytmogenatHMDB
SA 79HMDB
TAD brand OF propafenone hydrochlorideHMDB
Alpharma brand OF propafenone hydrochlorideHMDB
Apo-propafenoneHMDB
BaxarytmonHMDB
CuxafenonHMDB
Juta brand OF propafenone hydrochlorideHMDB
JutanormHMDB
NorfenonHMDB
Propafenon mindenHMDB
Propafenone hydrochlorideHMDB
Propafenone hydrochloride, (S)-isomerHMDB
Propafenone, (S)-isomerHMDB
RythmolHMDB
RytmonormHMDB
Hexal brand OF propafenoneHMDB
ProlecofenHMDB
PropamerckHMDB
Rytmo-purenHMDB
Chemical FormulaC21H27NO3
Average Molecular Weight341.444
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight341.199093735
IUPAC Name1-{2-[2-hydroxy-3-(propylamino)propoxy]phenyl}-3-phenylpropan-1-one
Traditional Namepropafenone
CAS Registry Number54063-53-5
SMILES
CCCNCC(O)COC1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)CCC1=CC=CC=C1
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C21H27NO3/c1-2-14-22-15-18(23)16-25-21-11-7-6-10-19(21)20(24)13-12-17-8-4-3-5-9-17/h3-11,18,22-23H,2,12-16H2,1H3
InChI KeyJWHAUXFOSRPERK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as linear 1,3-diarylpropanoids. These are organic compounds with a structure based on a C6-C3-C6 skeleton, where the two benzene rings are not linked together.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassPhenylpropanoids and polyketides
ClassLinear 1,3-diarylpropanoids
Sub ClassNot Available
Direct ParentLinear 1,3-diarylpropanoids
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Linear 1,3-diarylpropanoid
  • Alkyl-phenylketone
  • Butyrophenone
  • Phenylketone
  • Benzoyl
  • Phenol ether
  • Phenoxy compound
  • Aryl ketone
  • Aryl alkyl ketone
  • Alkyl aryl ether
  • Benzenoid
  • Monocyclic benzene moiety
  • 1,2-aminoalcohol
  • Secondary alcohol
  • Ketone
  • Secondary amine
  • Secondary aliphatic amine
  • Ether
  • Organic oxide
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Alcohol
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Amine
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Aromatic homomonocyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAromatic homomonocyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
Physiological effectNot Available
Disposition
ProcessNot Available
RoleNot Available
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting PointNot AvailableNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water Solubility0.0076 g/LNot Available
LogP3.2Not Available
Experimental Chromatographic Properties

Experimental Collision Cross Sections

Adduct TypeData SourceCCS Value (Å2)Reference
[M+H]+CBM178.530932474
Predicted Molecular Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility0.0076 g/LALOGPS
logP3.1ALOGPS
logP3.54ChemAxon
logS-4.6ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)14.09ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)9.63ChemAxon
Physiological Charge1ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count4ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count2ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area58.56 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count11ChemAxon
Refractivity100.21 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability39.75 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings2ChemAxon
BioavailabilityYesChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterYesChemAxon
Veber's RuleNoChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
Predicted Chromatographic Properties

Predicted Collision Cross Sections

PredictorAdduct TypeCCS Value (Å2)Reference
DarkChem[M+H]+180.83631661259
DarkChem[M-H]-179.98631661259
DeepCCS[M+H]+181.58530932474
DeepCCS[M-H]-179.22730932474
DeepCCS[M-2H]-212.11230932474
DeepCCS[M+Na]+187.67830932474
AllCCS[M+H]+185.732859911
AllCCS[M+H-H2O]+182.732859911
AllCCS[M+NH4]+188.532859911
AllCCS[M+Na]+189.332859911
AllCCS[M-H]-187.132859911
AllCCS[M+Na-2H]-187.632859911
AllCCS[M+HCOO]-188.432859911

Predicted Kovats Retention Indices

Underivatized

MetaboliteSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
PropafenoneCCCNCC(O)COC1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)CCC1=CC=CC=C13460.2Standard polar33892256
PropafenoneCCCNCC(O)COC1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)CCC1=CC=CC=C12761.1Standard non polar33892256
PropafenoneCCCNCC(O)COC1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)CCC1=CC=CC=C12784.5Semi standard non polar33892256

Derivatized

Derivative Name / StructureSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
Propafenone,1TMS,isomer #1CCCNCC(COC1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)CCC1=CC=CC=C1)O[Si](C)(C)C2746.3Semi standard non polar33892256
Propafenone,1TMS,isomer #2CCCN(CC(O)COC1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)CCC1=CC=CC=C1)[Si](C)(C)C2848.2Semi standard non polar33892256
Propafenone,2TMS,isomer #1CCCN(CC(COC1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)CCC1=CC=CC=C1)O[Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C2866.1Semi standard non polar33892256
Propafenone,2TMS,isomer #1CCCN(CC(COC1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)CCC1=CC=CC=C1)O[Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C2807.7Standard non polar33892256
Propafenone,2TMS,isomer #1CCCN(CC(COC1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)CCC1=CC=CC=C1)O[Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C3386.1Standard polar33892256
Propafenone,1TBDMS,isomer #1CCCNCC(COC1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)CCC1=CC=CC=C1)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2963.3Semi standard non polar33892256
Propafenone,1TBDMS,isomer #2CCCN(CC(O)COC1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)CCC1=CC=CC=C1)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C3095.7Semi standard non polar33892256
Propafenone,2TBDMS,isomer #1CCCN(CC(COC1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)CCC1=CC=CC=C1)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C3333.4Semi standard non polar33892256
Propafenone,2TBDMS,isomer #1CCCN(CC(COC1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)CCC1=CC=CC=C1)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C3182.7Standard non polar33892256
Propafenone,2TBDMS,isomer #1CCCN(CC(COC1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)CCC1=CC=CC=C1)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C3504.9Standard polar33892256
Spectra

GC-MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Propafenone GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-00fu-9661000000-5a3b283abe6f4fa183702017-09-01Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Propafenone GC-MS (1 TMS) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-00dl-5941000000-1bd9e888e17c18e5eda62017-10-06Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Propafenone GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-12Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Propafenone GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-12Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Propafenone GC-MS (TMS_1_2) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-11-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Propafenone GC-MS (TBDMS_1_1) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-11-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Propafenone GC-MS (TBDMS_1_2) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-11-03Wishart LabView Spectrum

MS/MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Propafenone 30V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-014l-0938000000-4fc047fb73a9c112ee9e2021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Propafenone 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0006-0009000000-8e7611116e2e4a94aec82021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Propafenone 50V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-014i-0900000000-6ff611d8723c8022f29a2021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Propafenone 50V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-014i-0900000000-cf7e72fbf28789c8e0962021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Propafenone 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0006-0009000000-e42eaceeda61852a1d452021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Propafenone 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-014i-0900000000-4e2f8790ce24653b645d2021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Propafenone 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0006-4259000000-db02fbdb690f6a7abda62016-08-02Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Propafenone 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0006-9331000000-1670ffe4cfbdee77edf42016-08-02Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Propafenone 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0006-9300000000-98775b8539725e2733e62016-08-02Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Propafenone 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-002f-1279000000-b0a57792d0fdae6c0f212016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Propafenone 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-004i-2490000000-353b7cfa03ccff93c1672016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Propafenone 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-000x-6920000000-1a80cf689c71ff8769082016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Propafenone 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0006-0119000000-0f23d8f92480b0f437ab2021-10-11Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Propafenone 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-006y-9532000000-8fbea5d6d30d45f689d82021-10-11Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Propafenone 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0a4l-9400000000-f3c5e2f9dc21ab65ee702021-10-11Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Propafenone 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-004i-0193000000-b84f5acad0c86a19dd122021-10-11Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Propafenone 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-054o-6690000000-300ca25f1c8bcdc4878d2021-10-11Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Propafenone 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-052b-6930000000-6b52076ab2a13bc3af5d2021-10-11Wishart LabView Spectrum
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Membrane
Biospecimen Locations
  • Blood
  • Urine
Tissue LocationsNot Available
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot AvailableNot AvailableTaking drug identified by DrugBank entry DB01182 details
UrineExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot AvailableNot AvailableTaking drug identified by DrugBank entry DB01182 details
Abnormal Concentrations
Not Available
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease ReferencesNone
Associated OMIM IDsNone
DrugBank IDDB01182
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDNot Available
KNApSAcK IDNot Available
Chemspider ID4763
KEGG Compound IDC07381
BioCyc IDNot Available
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkPropafenone
METLIN IDNot Available
PubChem Compound4932
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID63619
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDNot Available
MarkerDB IDNot Available
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
General ReferencesNot Available

Enzymes

General function:
Involved in monooxygenase activity
Specific function:
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It performs a variety of oxidation reactions (e.g. caffeine 8-oxidation, omeprazole sulphoxidation, midazolam 1'-hydroxylation and midazolam 4-hydroxylation) of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. Acts as a 1,8-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase. The enzyme also hydroxylates etoposide.
Gene Name:
CYP3A4
Uniprot ID:
P08684
Molecular weight:
57255.585
References
  1. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkp970. Epub 2009 Nov 24. [PubMed:19934256 ]
General function:
Involved in monooxygenase activity
Specific function:
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. This enzyme contributes to the wide pharmacokinetics variability of the metabolism of drugs such as S-warfarin, diclofenac, phenytoin, tolbutamide and losartan.
Gene Name:
CYP2C9
Uniprot ID:
P11712
Molecular weight:
55627.365
References
  1. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkp970. Epub 2009 Nov 24. [PubMed:19934256 ]
General function:
Involved in monooxygenase activity
Specific function:
Responsible for the metabolism of many drugs and environmental chemicals that it oxidizes. It is involved in the metabolism of drugs such as antiarrhythmics, adrenoceptor antagonists, and tricyclic antidepressants.
Gene Name:
CYP2D6
Uniprot ID:
P10635
Molecular weight:
55768.94
References
  1. Botsch S, Gautier JC, Beaune P, Eichelbaum M, Kroemer HK: Identification and characterization of the cytochrome P450 enzymes involved in N-dealkylation of propafenone: molecular base for interaction potential and variable disposition of active metabolites. Mol Pharmacol. 1993 Jan;43(1):120-6. [PubMed:8423765 ]
  2. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkp970. Epub 2009 Nov 24. [PubMed:19934256 ]
General function:
Involved in monooxygenase activity
Specific function:
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. Most active in catalyzing 2-hydroxylation. Caffeine is metabolized primarily by cytochrome CYP1A2 in the liver through an initial N3-demethylation. Also acts in the metabolism of aflatoxin B1 and acetaminophen. Participates in the bioactivation of carcinogenic aromatic and heterocyclic amines. Catalizes the N-hydroxylation of heterocyclic amines and the O-deethylation of phenacetin.
Gene Name:
CYP1A2
Uniprot ID:
P05177
Molecular weight:
58406.915
References
  1. Botsch S, Gautier JC, Beaune P, Eichelbaum M, Kroemer HK: Identification and characterization of the cytochrome P450 enzymes involved in N-dealkylation of propafenone: molecular base for interaction potential and variable disposition of active metabolites. Mol Pharmacol. 1993 Jan;43(1):120-6. [PubMed:8423765 ]
  2. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkp970. Epub 2009 Nov 24. [PubMed:19934256 ]
General function:
Involved in monooxygenase activity
Specific function:
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. In the epoxidation of arachidonic acid it generates only 14,15- and 11,12-cis-epoxyeicosatrienoic acids. It is the principal enzyme responsible for the metabolism the anti-cancer drug paclitaxel (taxol).
Gene Name:
CYP2C8
Uniprot ID:
P10632
Molecular weight:
55824.275
References
  1. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkp970. Epub 2009 Nov 24. [PubMed:19934256 ]
General function:
Involved in ion channel activity
Specific function:
Pore-forming (alpha) subunit of voltage-gated inwardly rectifying potassium channel. Channel properties are modulated by cAMP and subunit assembly. Mediates the rapidly activating component of the delayed rectifying potassium current in heart (IKr). Isoform 3 has no channel activity by itself, but modulates channel characteristics when associated with isoform 1
Gene Name:
KCNH2
Uniprot ID:
Q12809
Molecular weight:
126653.5
References
  1. Mergenthaler J, Haverkamp W, Huttenhofer A, Skryabin BV, Musshoff U, Borggrefe M, Speckmann EJ, Breithardt G, Madeja M: Blocking effects of the antiarrhythmic drug propafenone on the HERG potassium channel. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2001 Apr;363(4):472-80. [PubMed:11330342 ]
  2. Arias C, Gonzalez T, Moreno I, Caballero R, Delpon E, Tamargo J, Valenzuela C: Effects of propafenone and its main metabolite, 5-hydroxypropafenone, on HERG channels. Cardiovasc Res. 2003 Mar;57(3):660-9. [PubMed:12618228 ]
  3. Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [PubMed:11752352 ]
General function:
Involved in ion channel activity
Specific function:
This protein mediates the voltage-dependent sodium ion permeability of excitable membranes. Assuming opened or closed conformations in response to the voltage difference across the membrane, the protein forms a sodium-selective channel through which Na(+) ions may pass in accordance with their electrochemical gradient. It is a tetrodotoxin-resistant Na(+) channel isoform. This channel is responsible for the initial upstroke of the action potential in the electrocardiogram
Gene Name:
SCN5A
Uniprot ID:
Q14524
Molecular weight:
226937.5
References
  1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [PubMed:17139284 ]
  2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [PubMed:17016423 ]

Transporters

General function:
Involved in ATP binding
Specific function:
Energy-dependent efflux pump responsible for decreased drug accumulation in multidrug-resistant cells
Gene Name:
ABCB1
Uniprot ID:
P08183
Molecular weight:
141477.3
References
  1. Schmid D, Ecker G, Kopp S, Hitzler M, Chiba P: Structure-activity relationship studies of propafenone analogs based on P-glycoprotein ATPase activity measurements. Biochem Pharmacol. 1999 Nov 1;58(9):1447-56. [PubMed:10513988 ]
  2. Bachmakov I, Rekersbrink S, Hofmann U, Eichelbaum M, Fromm MF: Characterisation of (R/S)-propafenone and its metabolites as substrates and inhibitors of P-glycoprotein. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2005 Mar;371(3):195-201. Epub 2005 Apr 15. [PubMed:15900513 ]
  3. Singh P, Paul K: Studies of interactions between uracil-based hybrid molecules and P-glycoprotein--search for multidrug resistance modulators. Bioorg Med Chem. 2006 Nov 1;14(21):7183-6. Epub 2006 Jul 14. [PubMed:16843673 ]
  4. Woodland C, Verjee Z, Giesbrecht E, Koren G, Ito S: The digoxin-propafenone interaction: characterization of a mechanism using renal tubular cell monolayers. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1997 Oct;283(1):39-45. [PubMed:9336306 ]
  5. Tmej C, Chiba P, Huber M, Richter E, Hitzler M, Schaper KJ, Ecker G: A combined Hansch/Free-Wilson approach as predictive tool in QSAR studies on propafenone-type modulators of multidrug resistance. Arch Pharm (Weinheim). 1998 Jul-Aug;331(7-8):233-40. [PubMed:9747179 ]