Hmdb loader
Record Information
Version5.0
StatusExpected but not Quantified
Creation Date2012-09-06 15:16:52 UTC
Update Date2022-03-07 02:51:58 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0015406
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB15406
Metabolite Identification
Common NameGlisoxepide
DescriptionGlisoxepide is one of the sulphonamide-derived oral antidiabetic drugs. It inhibits the uptake of bile acids into isolated rat hepatocytes. However it inhibits taurocholate uptake only in the absence of sodium ions. Glisoxepide uptake could be further inhibited by blockers of the hepatocellular monocarboxylate transporter, by the loop diuretic bumetanide, by 4,4'-diisothiocyano-2,2'-stilbenedisulfonate (DIDS) and by sulphate. These results are consistent with the transport of glisoxepide via the transport system for the unconjugated bile acid cholate. (PMID:1618280 , 9017793 ).
Structure
Data?1582753293
Synonyms
ValueSource
RP-22410GlisoxepideHMDB
4-(4-beta-(5-Methylisoxazol-3-carboxamidoethyl)phenylsulfonyl)-1,1-hexamethylenesemicarbazideHMDB
GlisoxepidHMDB
Pro-diabanHMDB
Chemical FormulaC20H27N5O5S
Average Molecular Weight449.524
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight449.173289689
IUPAC NameN-{2-[4-({[(azepan-1-yl)carbamoyl]amino}sulfonyl)phenyl]ethyl}-5-methyl-1,2-oxazole-3-carboxamide
Traditional Nameglisoxepide
CAS Registry Number25046-79-1
SMILES
CC1=CC(=NO1)C(=O)NCCC1=CC=C(C=C1)S(=O)(=O)NC(=O)NN1CCCCCC1
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C20H27N5O5S/c1-15-14-18(23-30-15)19(26)21-11-10-16-6-8-17(9-7-16)31(28,29)24-20(27)22-25-12-4-2-3-5-13-25/h6-9,14H,2-5,10-13H2,1H3,(H,21,26)(H2,22,24,27)
InChI KeyZKUDBRCEOBOWLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as benzenesulfonamides. These are organic compounds containing a sulfonamide group that is S-linked to a benzene ring.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassBenzenoids
ClassBenzene and substituted derivatives
Sub ClassBenzenesulfonamides
Direct ParentBenzenesulfonamides
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Benzenesulfonamide
  • Benzenesulfonyl group
  • 2-heteroaryl carboxamide
  • Azepane
  • Sulfonylurea
  • Azole
  • Isoxazole
  • Semicarbazide
  • Organic sulfonic acid or derivatives
  • Organosulfonic acid or derivatives
  • Sulfonyl
  • Aminosulfonyl compound
  • Heteroaromatic compound
  • Carbonic acid derivative
  • Secondary carboxylic acid amide
  • Carboxamide group
  • Carboxylic acid derivative
  • Organoheterocyclic compound
  • Azacycle
  • Oxacycle
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organosulfur compound
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Organic oxide
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Carbonyl group
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Aromatic heteromonocyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAromatic heteromonocyclic compounds
External DescriptorsNot Available
Ontology
Physiological effectNot Available
Disposition
ProcessNot Available
RoleNot Available
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting Point189 °CNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water Solubility0.1 g/LNot Available
LogPNot AvailableNot Available
Experimental Chromatographic PropertiesNot Available
Predicted Molecular Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility0.1 g/LALOGPS
logP1.57ALOGPS
logP1.44ChemAxon
logS-3.6ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)4.07ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)1.59ChemAxon
Physiological Charge-1ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count6ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count3ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area133.64 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count6ChemAxon
Refractivity115.86 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability46.83 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings3ChemAxon
BioavailabilityYesChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterYesChemAxon
Veber's RuleNoChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleYesChemAxon
Predicted Chromatographic Properties

Predicted Collision Cross Sections

PredictorAdduct TypeCCS Value (Å2)Reference
DarkChem[M+H]+203.66231661259
DarkChem[M-H]-201.79331661259
DeepCCS[M+H]+206.16730932474
DeepCCS[M-H]-203.80930932474
DeepCCS[M-2H]-238.03930932474
DeepCCS[M+Na]+213.11530932474
AllCCS[M+H]+202.932859911
AllCCS[M+H-H2O]+200.832859911
AllCCS[M+NH4]+204.832859911
AllCCS[M+Na]+205.432859911
AllCCS[M-H]-195.632859911
AllCCS[M+Na-2H]-196.632859911
AllCCS[M+HCOO]-197.832859911

Predicted Kovats Retention Indices

Underivatized

MetaboliteSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
GlisoxepideCC1=CC(=NO1)C(=O)NCCC1=CC=C(C=C1)S(=O)(=O)NC(=O)NN1CCCCCC15105.2Standard polar33892256
GlisoxepideCC1=CC(=NO1)C(=O)NCCC1=CC=C(C=C1)S(=O)(=O)NC(=O)NN1CCCCCC12966.5Standard non polar33892256
GlisoxepideCC1=CC(=NO1)C(=O)NCCC1=CC=C(C=C1)S(=O)(=O)NC(=O)NN1CCCCCC13897.4Semi standard non polar33892256

Derivatized

Derivative Name / StructureSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
Glisoxepide,1TMS,isomer #1CC1=CC(C(=O)N(CCC2=CC=C(S(=O)(=O)NC(=O)NN3CCCCCC3)C=C2)[Si](C)(C)C)=NO14008.2Semi standard non polar33892256
Glisoxepide,1TMS,isomer #1CC1=CC(C(=O)N(CCC2=CC=C(S(=O)(=O)NC(=O)NN3CCCCCC3)C=C2)[Si](C)(C)C)=NO13368.3Standard non polar33892256
Glisoxepide,1TMS,isomer #1CC1=CC(C(=O)N(CCC2=CC=C(S(=O)(=O)NC(=O)NN3CCCCCC3)C=C2)[Si](C)(C)C)=NO16012.7Standard polar33892256
Glisoxepide,1TMS,isomer #2CC1=CC(C(=O)NCCC2=CC=C(S(=O)(=O)N(C(=O)NN3CCCCCC3)[Si](C)(C)C)C=C2)=NO13872.2Semi standard non polar33892256
Glisoxepide,1TMS,isomer #2CC1=CC(C(=O)NCCC2=CC=C(S(=O)(=O)N(C(=O)NN3CCCCCC3)[Si](C)(C)C)C=C2)=NO13399.7Standard non polar33892256
Glisoxepide,1TMS,isomer #2CC1=CC(C(=O)NCCC2=CC=C(S(=O)(=O)N(C(=O)NN3CCCCCC3)[Si](C)(C)C)C=C2)=NO16074.2Standard polar33892256
Glisoxepide,1TMS,isomer #3CC1=CC(C(=O)NCCC2=CC=C(S(=O)(=O)NC(=O)N(N3CCCCCC3)[Si](C)(C)C)C=C2)=NO13831.6Semi standard non polar33892256
Glisoxepide,1TMS,isomer #3CC1=CC(C(=O)NCCC2=CC=C(S(=O)(=O)NC(=O)N(N3CCCCCC3)[Si](C)(C)C)C=C2)=NO13396.6Standard non polar33892256
Glisoxepide,1TMS,isomer #3CC1=CC(C(=O)NCCC2=CC=C(S(=O)(=O)NC(=O)N(N3CCCCCC3)[Si](C)(C)C)C=C2)=NO16097.7Standard polar33892256
Glisoxepide,2TMS,isomer #1CC1=CC(C(=O)N(CCC2=CC=C(S(=O)(=O)N(C(=O)NN3CCCCCC3)[Si](C)(C)C)C=C2)[Si](C)(C)C)=NO13835.5Semi standard non polar33892256
Glisoxepide,2TMS,isomer #1CC1=CC(C(=O)N(CCC2=CC=C(S(=O)(=O)N(C(=O)NN3CCCCCC3)[Si](C)(C)C)C=C2)[Si](C)(C)C)=NO13548.8Standard non polar33892256
Glisoxepide,2TMS,isomer #1CC1=CC(C(=O)N(CCC2=CC=C(S(=O)(=O)N(C(=O)NN3CCCCCC3)[Si](C)(C)C)C=C2)[Si](C)(C)C)=NO15699.5Standard polar33892256
Glisoxepide,2TMS,isomer #2CC1=CC(C(=O)N(CCC2=CC=C(S(=O)(=O)NC(=O)N(N3CCCCCC3)[Si](C)(C)C)C=C2)[Si](C)(C)C)=NO13796.6Semi standard non polar33892256
Glisoxepide,2TMS,isomer #2CC1=CC(C(=O)N(CCC2=CC=C(S(=O)(=O)NC(=O)N(N3CCCCCC3)[Si](C)(C)C)C=C2)[Si](C)(C)C)=NO13543.0Standard non polar33892256
Glisoxepide,2TMS,isomer #2CC1=CC(C(=O)N(CCC2=CC=C(S(=O)(=O)NC(=O)N(N3CCCCCC3)[Si](C)(C)C)C=C2)[Si](C)(C)C)=NO15626.9Standard polar33892256
Glisoxepide,2TMS,isomer #3CC1=CC(C(=O)NCCC2=CC=C(S(=O)(=O)N(C(=O)N(N3CCCCCC3)[Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C)C=C2)=NO13730.6Semi standard non polar33892256
Glisoxepide,2TMS,isomer #3CC1=CC(C(=O)NCCC2=CC=C(S(=O)(=O)N(C(=O)N(N3CCCCCC3)[Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C)C=C2)=NO13591.4Standard non polar33892256
Glisoxepide,2TMS,isomer #3CC1=CC(C(=O)NCCC2=CC=C(S(=O)(=O)N(C(=O)N(N3CCCCCC3)[Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C)C=C2)=NO15719.6Standard polar33892256
Glisoxepide,3TMS,isomer #1CC1=CC(C(=O)N(CCC2=CC=C(S(=O)(=O)N(C(=O)N(N3CCCCCC3)[Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C)C=C2)[Si](C)(C)C)=NO13714.0Semi standard non polar33892256
Glisoxepide,3TMS,isomer #1CC1=CC(C(=O)N(CCC2=CC=C(S(=O)(=O)N(C(=O)N(N3CCCCCC3)[Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C)C=C2)[Si](C)(C)C)=NO13760.3Standard non polar33892256
Glisoxepide,3TMS,isomer #1CC1=CC(C(=O)N(CCC2=CC=C(S(=O)(=O)N(C(=O)N(N3CCCCCC3)[Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C)C=C2)[Si](C)(C)C)=NO15227.3Standard polar33892256
Glisoxepide,1TBDMS,isomer #1CC1=CC(C(=O)N(CCC2=CC=C(S(=O)(=O)NC(=O)NN3CCCCCC3)C=C2)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)=NO14249.7Semi standard non polar33892256
Glisoxepide,1TBDMS,isomer #1CC1=CC(C(=O)N(CCC2=CC=C(S(=O)(=O)NC(=O)NN3CCCCCC3)C=C2)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)=NO13560.1Standard non polar33892256
Glisoxepide,1TBDMS,isomer #1CC1=CC(C(=O)N(CCC2=CC=C(S(=O)(=O)NC(=O)NN3CCCCCC3)C=C2)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)=NO15997.2Standard polar33892256
Glisoxepide,1TBDMS,isomer #2CC1=CC(C(=O)NCCC2=CC=C(S(=O)(=O)N(C(=O)NN3CCCCCC3)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C=C2)=NO14117.3Semi standard non polar33892256
Glisoxepide,1TBDMS,isomer #2CC1=CC(C(=O)NCCC2=CC=C(S(=O)(=O)N(C(=O)NN3CCCCCC3)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C=C2)=NO13598.8Standard non polar33892256
Glisoxepide,1TBDMS,isomer #2CC1=CC(C(=O)NCCC2=CC=C(S(=O)(=O)N(C(=O)NN3CCCCCC3)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C=C2)=NO16083.3Standard polar33892256
Glisoxepide,1TBDMS,isomer #3CC1=CC(C(=O)NCCC2=CC=C(S(=O)(=O)NC(=O)N(N3CCCCCC3)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C=C2)=NO14048.1Semi standard non polar33892256
Glisoxepide,1TBDMS,isomer #3CC1=CC(C(=O)NCCC2=CC=C(S(=O)(=O)NC(=O)N(N3CCCCCC3)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C=C2)=NO13623.3Standard non polar33892256
Glisoxepide,1TBDMS,isomer #3CC1=CC(C(=O)NCCC2=CC=C(S(=O)(=O)NC(=O)N(N3CCCCCC3)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C=C2)=NO16017.1Standard polar33892256
Glisoxepide,2TBDMS,isomer #1CC1=CC(C(=O)N(CCC2=CC=C(S(=O)(=O)N(C(=O)NN3CCCCCC3)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C=C2)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)=NO14351.7Semi standard non polar33892256
Glisoxepide,2TBDMS,isomer #1CC1=CC(C(=O)N(CCC2=CC=C(S(=O)(=O)N(C(=O)NN3CCCCCC3)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C=C2)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)=NO13934.4Standard non polar33892256
Glisoxepide,2TBDMS,isomer #1CC1=CC(C(=O)N(CCC2=CC=C(S(=O)(=O)N(C(=O)NN3CCCCCC3)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C=C2)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)=NO15636.2Standard polar33892256
Glisoxepide,2TBDMS,isomer #2CC1=CC(C(=O)N(CCC2=CC=C(S(=O)(=O)NC(=O)N(N3CCCCCC3)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C=C2)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)=NO14273.3Semi standard non polar33892256
Glisoxepide,2TBDMS,isomer #2CC1=CC(C(=O)N(CCC2=CC=C(S(=O)(=O)NC(=O)N(N3CCCCCC3)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C=C2)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)=NO13954.3Standard non polar33892256
Glisoxepide,2TBDMS,isomer #2CC1=CC(C(=O)N(CCC2=CC=C(S(=O)(=O)NC(=O)N(N3CCCCCC3)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C=C2)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)=NO15497.3Standard polar33892256
Glisoxepide,2TBDMS,isomer #3CC1=CC(C(=O)NCCC2=CC=C(S(=O)(=O)N(C(=O)N(N3CCCCCC3)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C=C2)=NO14237.4Semi standard non polar33892256
Glisoxepide,2TBDMS,isomer #3CC1=CC(C(=O)NCCC2=CC=C(S(=O)(=O)N(C(=O)N(N3CCCCCC3)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C=C2)=NO14023.7Standard non polar33892256
Glisoxepide,2TBDMS,isomer #3CC1=CC(C(=O)NCCC2=CC=C(S(=O)(=O)N(C(=O)N(N3CCCCCC3)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C=C2)=NO15623.5Standard polar33892256
Glisoxepide,3TBDMS,isomer #1CC1=CC(C(=O)N(CCC2=CC=C(S(=O)(=O)N(C(=O)N(N3CCCCCC3)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C=C2)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)=NO14442.8Semi standard non polar33892256
Glisoxepide,3TBDMS,isomer #1CC1=CC(C(=O)N(CCC2=CC=C(S(=O)(=O)N(C(=O)N(N3CCCCCC3)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C=C2)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)=NO14366.3Standard non polar33892256
Glisoxepide,3TBDMS,isomer #1CC1=CC(C(=O)N(CCC2=CC=C(S(=O)(=O)N(C(=O)N(N3CCCCCC3)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C=C2)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)=NO15164.2Standard polar33892256
Spectra

GC-MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Glisoxepide GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-03du-9754100000-f939797a82a9569246462017-09-01Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Glisoxepide GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-12Wishart LabView Spectrum

MS/MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Glisoxepide 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0w29-2826900000-f209a784879ee76f15252016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Glisoxepide 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-03dj-2910000000-24728708fbbec7cb58022016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Glisoxepide 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0bt9-9800000000-9d7341f5d9538a72798a2016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Glisoxepide 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0002-2406900000-46c336c9d5635964011c2016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Glisoxepide 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-01q9-9603100000-ba33ccd2212c2b505c5b2016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Glisoxepide 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-057i-9403100000-3aae831c5156639d8e242016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Glisoxepide 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0f6x-5602900000-3af43796cb0817e2d9122021-10-11Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Glisoxepide 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0f75-4249500000-7dc0e0b2140e42b55c1a2021-10-11Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Glisoxepide 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0f8a-3690200000-e9ac3ab3057e5f6794022021-10-11Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Glisoxepide 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0002-0004900000-de531b339eea989ce8ee2021-10-11Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Glisoxepide 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-05o4-9028400000-6071396b430e7373feba2021-10-11Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Glisoxepide 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-001i-9000000000-b71d839d4499f49043282021-10-11Wishart LabView Spectrum
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Membrane
Biospecimen Locations
  • Blood
  • Urine
Tissue LocationsNot Available
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot AvailableNot AvailableTaking drug identified by DrugBank entry DB01289 details
UrineExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot AvailableNot AvailableTaking drug identified by DrugBank entry DB01289 details
Abnormal Concentrations
Not Available
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease ReferencesNone
Associated OMIM IDsNone
DrugBank IDDB01289
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDNot Available
KNApSAcK IDNot Available
Chemspider ID30380
KEGG Compound IDNot Available
BioCyc IDNot Available
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkGlisoxepide
METLIN IDNot Available
PubChem Compound32778
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI IDNot Available
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDNot Available
MarkerDB IDNot Available
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
General References
  1. Fuckel D, Petzinger E: Interaction of sulfonylureas with the transport of bile acids into hepatocytes. Eur J Pharmacol. 1992 Mar 31;213(3):393-404. [PubMed:1618280 ]
  2. Selvaag E: Photohemolytic potency of oral antidiabetic drugs in vitro: effects of antioxidants and a nitrogen atmosphere. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed. 1996 Aug;12(4):166-70. [PubMed:9017793 ]

Enzymes

General function:
Involved in inward rectifier potassium channel activity
Specific function:
This potassium channel is controlled by G proteins. Inward rectifier potassium channels are characterized by a greater tendency to allow potassium to flow into the cell rather than out of it. Their voltage dependence is regulated by the concentration of extracellular potassium; as external potassium is raised, the voltage range of the channel opening shifts to more positive voltages. The inward rectification is mainly due to the blockage of outward current by internal magnesium. Can be blocked by external barium
Gene Name:
KCNJ8
Uniprot ID:
Q15842
Molecular weight:
47967.5
References
  1. Szewczyk A, Wojcik G, Lobanov NA, Nalecz MJ: The mitochondrial sulfonylurea receptor: identification and characterization. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1997 Jan 23;230(3):611-5. [PubMed:9015372 ]
  2. Sato T, Costa AD, Saito T, Ogura T, Ishida H, Garlid KD, Nakaya H: Bepridil, an antiarrhythmic drug, opens mitochondrial KATP channels, blocks sarcolemmal KATP channels, and confers cardioprotection. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2006 Jan;316(1):182-8. Epub 2005 Sep 20. [PubMed:16174795 ]
General function:
Involved in ATP binding
Specific function:
Putative subunit of the beta-cell ATP-sensitive potassium channel (KATP). Regulator of ATP-sensitive K(+) channels and insulin release
Gene Name:
ABCC8
Uniprot ID:
Q09428
Molecular weight:
177006.4
References
  1. Gribble FM, Ashcroft FM: Sulfonylurea sensitivity of adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channels from beta cells and extrapancreatic tissues. Metabolism. 2000 Oct;49(10 Suppl 2):3-6. [PubMed:11078468 ]
  2. Harrower A: Gliclazide modified release: from once-daily administration to 24-hour blood glucose control. Metabolism. 2000 Oct;49(10 Suppl 2):7-11. [PubMed:11078469 ]
  3. Lawrence CL, Proks P, Rodrigo GC, Jones P, Hayabuchi Y, Standen NB, Ashcroft FM: Gliclazide produces high-affinity block of KATP channels in mouse isolated pancreatic beta cells but not rat heart or arterial smooth muscle cells. Diabetologia. 2001 Aug;44(8):1019-25. [PubMed:11484080 ]
  4. Reimann F, Ashcroft FM, Gribble FM: Structural basis for the interference between nicorandil and sulfonylurea action. Diabetes. 2001 Oct;50(10):2253-9. [PubMed:11574406 ]
  5. Proks P, Reimann F, Green N, Gribble F, Ashcroft F: Sulfonylurea stimulation of insulin secretion. Diabetes. 2002 Dec;51 Suppl 3:S368-76. [PubMed:12475777 ]