| Version |
2.5 |
| Creation Date |
2005-11-16 15:48:42 |
| Update Date |
2010-04-08 16:58:04 |
| Accession Number |
HMDB00190 |
| Secondary Accession Numbers |
HMDB03328 |
| Common Name |
L-Lactic acid |
| Description |
Lactic acid plays a role in several biochemical processes and is produced in the muscles during intense activity. Lactate measurement in the critically ill has been traditionally used to stratify patients with poor outcome. However, plasma lactate levels are the result of a finely tuned interplay of factors that affect the balance between its production and its clearance. When the oxygen supply does not match its consumption, organisms such as man who are forced to produce ATP for their integrity adapt in many different ways up to the point when energy failure occurs. Lactate, being part of the adaptive response, may then be used to assess the severity of the supply/demand imbalance. In such a scenario, the time to intervention becomes relevant: early and effective treatment may allow the cell to revert to a normal state, as long as the oxygen machinery (i.e. mitochondria) is intact. Conversely, once the mitochondria are deranged, energy failure occurs even in the presence of normoxia. The lactate increase in critically ill patients may therefore be viewed as an early marker of a potentially reversible state. (PMID 16356243) A number of studies have demonstrated that malignant transformation is associated with an increase in glycolytic flux and in anaerobic and aerobic cellular lactate excretion. Using quantitative bioluminescence imaging in various primary carcinomas in patients (uterine cervix, head and neck, colorectal region) at first diagnosis of the disease, lactate concentrations in tumors in vivo could be relatively low or extremely high (up to 40 micromol/g) in different individual tumors or within the same lesion. In all tumor entities investigated, high molar concentrations of lactate were correlated with a high incidence of distant metastasis already in an early stage of the disease. Low lactate tumors (< median of approx. 8 micromol/g) were associated with both a longer overall and disease free survival compared to high lactate lesions (lactate > approx. 8 micromol/g). Lactate dehydrogenase was found to be upregulated in most of these tumors compared to surrounding normal tissue. (PMID 15279558) |
| Synonyms |
- (+)-Lactate
- (+)-Lactic acid
- (S)-(+)-2-Hydroxypropanoate
- (S)-(+)-2-Hydroxypropanoic acid
- (S)-2-Hydroxypropanoic acid
- (S)-2-Hydroxypropionate
- (S)-2-Hydroxypropionic acid
- (S)-2-hydroxy-Propanoate
- (S)-2-hydroxy-Propanoic acid
- (S)-Lactate
- (S)-Lactic acid
- (alpha)-Lactate
- (alpha)-Lactic acid
- 1-Hydroxyethane 1-carboxylate
- 1-Hydroxyethane 1-carboxylic acid
- 1-Hydroxyethanecarboxylate
- 1-Hydroxyethanecarboxylic acid
- 2-Hydroxypropanoate
- 2-Hydroxypropionate
- L-2-Hydroxypropanoate
- L-2-Hydroxypropanoic acid
- Milk acid
- Sarcolactic acid
- a-Hydroxypropanoate
- a-Hydroxypropionate
- a-Hydroxypropionic acid
- alpha-Hydroxypropanoate
- alpha-Hydroxypropionate
- l-(+)- lactic acid
- alpha-Hydroxypropionic acid
- (S)-2-Hydroxypropanoate
- 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid
- a-Hydroxypropanoic acid
- alpha-Hydroxypropanoic acid
- Lactate
|
| Chemical IUPAC Name |
(2S)-2-hydroxypropanoic acid |
| Chemical Formula |
C3H6O3 |
| Chemical Structure |
 |
| Chemical Taxonomy |
| Kingdom |
|
| Super Class |
|
| Class |
|
| Sub Class |
- Short chain hydroxy acids
|
| Family |
|
| Species |
- secondary alcohol
- carboxylic acid
- alpha-hydroxyacid
|
| Biofunction |
- Component of Cysteine metabolism
- Component of Propanoate metabolism
- Component of Pyruvate metabolism
|
| Application |
| — |
| Source |
|
|
| Average Molecular Weight |
90.078 |
| Monoisotopic Molecular Weight |
90.031693 |
| Isomeric SMILES |
C[C@H](O)C(O)=O |
| Canonical SMILES |
CC(O)C(O)=O |
| KEGG Compound ID |
C00186  |
| BioCyc ID |
L-LACTATE |
| BiGG ID |
34179 |
| Wikipedia Link |
Lactate |
| NuGOwiki Link |
HMDB00190 |
| Metagene Link |
HMDB00190 |
| METLIN ID |
5205 |
| PubChem Compound |
107689 |
| PubChem Substance |
7990899 |
| ChEBI ID |
16651 |
| CAS Registry Number |
79-33-4 |
| InChI Identifier |
InChI=1/C3H6O3/c1-2(4)3(5)6/h2,4H,1H3,(H,5,6)/t2-/m0/s1 |
| Synthesis Reference |
Lao, Hanzhang; Sun, Jianrong; Wang, Jian; Qian, Zhiliang. Process for preparation of high-purity L-lactic acid. Faming Zhuanli Shenqing Gongkai Shuomingshu (2007), 9pp. |
| Melting Point (Experimental) |
16.8 oC (BP = 119 oC) |
| Experimental Water Solubility |
Not Available
Source: PhysProp
|
| Predicted Water Solubility |
1000.0 mg/mL [MEYLAN,WM et al. (1996)]; 562.0 mg/mL [Predicted by ALOGPS]
Calculated using ALOGPS
|
| Physiological Charge |
-1 |
| State |
Liquid |
| Experimental LogP/Hydrophobicity |
Not Available
Source: PhysProp
|
| Predicted LogP/Hydrophobicity |
-0.79 [Predicted by ALOGPS]; -0.6 [Predicted by PubChem via XLOGP]; -0.65 [MEYLAN,WM & HOWARD,PH (1995)]
Calculated using ALOGPS
|
| Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) |
|
| MOL File |
Show |
| SDF File |
Show |
| PDB File |
Show |
| 2D Structure |
|
| 3D Structure |
|
| Experimental PDB ID |
Not Available |
| Experimental 1H NMR Spectrum |
Download Spectrum
Download FID (Varian)
Show Experimental Conditions |
| Experimental 13C NMR Spectrum |
Download Spectrum
Download FID (Bruker)
Show Experimental Conditions |
| Experimental 13C HSQC Spectrum |
Download Spectrum
Download FID (Bruker)
Show Experimental Conditions |
| Predicted 1H NMR Spectrum |
Show Image
Show Peaklist
|
| Predicted 13C NMR Spectrum |
Show Image
Show Peaklist
|
| Mass Spectrum |
|
| Simplified TOCSY Spectrum |
Show Image
Show Peaklist |
| BMRB Spectrum |
Show Image
Show Peaklist |
| Cellular Location |
- Cytoplasm
- Extracellular
- mitochondria
|
| Biofluid Location |
- Bile
- Blood
- Cellular Cytoplasm
- Cerebrospinal Fluid
- Urine
|
| Tissue Location |
| Tissue |
References |
| All Tissues |
— |
|
| Concentrations (Normal) |
| Biofluid |
Blood |
| Value |
1236.0 (367.0-3245.0) uM |
| Age |
Newborn:0-30 days old |
| Sex |
Both |
| Patient information |
Normal |
| Comments |
Not Available |
| References |
- Nielsen J, Ytrebo LM, Borud O: Lactate and pyruvate concentrations in capillary blood from newborns. Acta Paediatr. 1994 Sep;83(9):920-2. [PubMed ]
|
| Biofluid |
Blood |
| Value |
740.0 +/- 2400.0 uM |
| Age |
Adult:>18 yrs old |
| Sex |
Male |
| Patient information |
Normal |
| Comments |
Not Available |
| References |
- Geigy Scientific Tables, 8th Rev edition, pp. 165-177. Edited by C. Lentner, West Cadwell, N.J.: Medical education Div., Ciba-Geigy Corp., Basel, Switzerland c1981-1992.
|
| Biofluid |
Blood |
| Value |
2390.0 +/- 990.0 uM |
| Age |
Newborn:0-30 days old |
| Sex |
Both |
| Patient information |
Normal |
| Comments |
Not Available |
| References |
- Geigy Scientific Tables, 8th Rev edition, pp. 165-177. Edited by C. Lentner, West Cadwell, N.J.: Medical education Div., Ciba-Geigy Corp., Basel, Switzerland c1981-1992.
|
| Biofluid |
Blood |
| Value |
1140.0 +/- 360.0 uM |
| Age |
Children:1-13 yrs old |
| Sex |
Both |
| Patient information |
Normal |
| Comments |
Not Available |
| References |
- Geigy Scientific Tables, 8th Rev edition, pp. 165-177. Edited by C. Lentner, West Cadwell, N.J.: Medical education Div., Ciba-Geigy Corp., Basel, Switzerland c1981-1992.
|
| Biofluid |
Blood |
| Value |
1510.0 (740.0-2400.0) uM |
| Age |
Adult:>18 yrs old |
| Sex |
Male |
| Patient information |
Normal |
| Comments |
Not Available |
| References |
- Geigy Scientific Tables, 8th Rev edition, pp. 165-177. Edited by C. Lentner, West Cadwell, N.J.: Medical education Div., Ciba-Geigy Corp., Basel, Switzerland c1981-1992.
|
| Biofluid |
Blood |
| Value |
2976.0 +/- 1555.0 uM |
| Age |
Adult:>18 yrs old |
| Sex |
Both |
| Patient information |
Normal |
| Comments |
Not Available |
| References |
- Jonas AJ, Lin SN, Conley SB, Schneider JA, Williams JC, Caprioli RC: Urine glyceraldehyde excretion is elevated in the renal Fanconi syndrome. Kidney Int. 1989 Jan;35(1):99-104. [PubMed ]
|
| Biofluid |
Blood |
| Value |
1350.0 (900.0-1800.0) uM |
| Age |
Adult:>18 yrs old |
| Sex |
Both |
| Patient information |
Normal |
| Comments |
Not Available |
| References |
|
| Biofluid |
Cellular Cytoplasm |
| Value |
1100 (600-1600) uM |
| Age |
Adult:>18 yrs old |
| Sex |
Both |
| Patient information |
Normal |
| Comments |
Not Available |
| References |
- Nakayama Y, Kinoshita A, Tomita M: Dynamic simulation of red blood cell metabolism and its application to the analysis of a pathological condition. Theor Biol Med Model. 2005 May 9;2(1):18. [PubMed ]
|
| Biofluid |
Cellular Cytoplasm |
| Value |
3200 (2900-3500) uM |
| Age |
Adult:>18 yrs old |
| Sex |
Both |
| Patient information |
Normal |
| Comments |
Not Available |
| References |
- Zupke C, Sinskey AJ, Stephanopoulos G: Intracellular flux analysis applied to the effect of dissolved oxygen on hybridomas. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 1995 Dec;44(1-2):27-36. [PubMed ]
|
| Biofluid |
CSF |
| Value |
1590.0 +/- 330.0 uM |
| Age |
Children:1-13 yrs old |
| Sex |
Both |
| Patient information |
Normal |
| Comments |
Not Available |
| References |
- Geigy Scientific Tables, 8th Rev edition, pp. 165-177. Edited by C. Lentner, West Cadwell, N.J.: Medical education Div., Ciba-Geigy Corp., Basel, Switzerland c1981-1992.
|
| Biofluid |
CSF |
| Value |
3000.0 (1850.0-4150.0) uM |
| Age |
Adult:>18 yrs old |
| Sex |
Both |
| Patient information |
Normal |
| Comments |
Not Available |
| References |
- Subramanian A, Gupta A, Saxena S, Gupta A, Kumar R, Nigam A, Kumar R, Mandal SK, Roy R: Proton MR CSF analysis and a new software as predictors for the differentiation of meningitis in children. NMR Biomed. 2005 Jun;18(4):213-25. [PubMed ]
|
| Biofluid |
CSF |
| Value |
1770.0 (930.0-2600.0) uM |
| Age |
Adult:>18 yrs old |
| Sex |
Both |
| Patient information |
Normal |
| Comments |
Not Available |
| References |
- Wevers RA, Engelke U, Wendel U, de Jong JG, Gabreels FJ, Heerschap A: Standardized method for high-resolution 1H-NMR of cerebrospinal fluid. Clin Chem. 1995 May;41(5):744-51. [PubMed ]
|
| Biofluid |
CSF |
| Value |
2240.0 +/- 600.0 uM |
| Age |
Adult:>18 yrs old |
| Sex |
N/A |
| Patient information |
Normal |
| Comments |
Not Available |
| References |
- Commodari F, Arnold DL, Sanctuary BC, Shoubridge EA: 1H NMR characterization of normal human cerebrospinal fluid and the detection of methylmalonic acid in a vitamin B12 deficient patient. NMR Biomed. 1991 Aug;4(4):192-200. [PubMed ]
|
| Biofluid |
CSF |
| Value |
850.0 (450.0-2100.0) uM |
| Age |
Adult:>18 yrs old |
| Sex |
N/A |
| Patient information |
Normal |
| Comments |
Not Available |
| References |
- Hoffmann GF, Meier-Augenstein W, Stockler S, Surtees R, Rating D, Nyhan WL: Physiology and pathophysiology of organic acids in cerebrospinal fluid. J Inherit Metab Dis. 1993;16(4):648-69. [PubMed ]
|
| Biofluid |
CSF |
| Value |
850.0 +/- 400.0 uM |
| Age |
Adult:>18 yrs old |
| Sex |
Both |
| Patient information |
Normal |
| Comments |
Not Available |
| References |
- Hoffmann GF, Meier-Augenstein W, Stockler S, Surtees R, Rating D, Nyhan WL: Physiology and pathophysiology of organic acids in cerebrospinal fluid. J Inherit Metab Dis. 1993;16(4):648-69. [PubMed ]
|
| Biofluid |
CSF |
| Value |
1651 +/- 626 uM |
| Age |
N/A |
| Sex |
Both |
| Patient information |
Normal |
| Comments |
Not Available |
| References |
- Wishart DS, Lewis MJ, Morrissey JA, Flegel MD, Jeroncic K, Xiong Y, Cheng D, Eisner R, Gautam B, Tzur D, Sawhney S, Bamforth F, Greiner R, Li L: The human cerebrospinal fluid metabolome. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2008 Aug 15;871(2):164-173. Epub 2008 May 8. [PubMed ]
|
| Biofluid |
CSF |
| Value |
1300.0 (500.0-2100.0) uM |
| Age |
Adult:>18 yrs old |
| Sex |
Both |
| Patient information |
Normal |
| Comments |
Not Available |
| References |
|
| Biofluid |
Urine |
| Value |
30.9 umol/mmol creatinine |
| Age |
Adult:>18 yrs old |
| Sex |
Both |
| Patient information |
Normal |
| Comments |
Not Available |
| References |
- Bairaktari E, Katopodis K, Siamopoulos KC, Tsolas O: Paraquat-induced renal injury studied by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of urine. Clin Chem. 1998 Jun;44(6 Pt 1):1256-61. [PubMed ]
|
| Biofluid |
Urine |
| Value |
50.73 +/- 53.54 umol/mmol creatinine |
| Age |
Adult:>18 yrs old |
| Sex |
Both |
| Patient information |
Normal |
| Comments |
Not Available |
| References |
- Shoemaker JD, Elliott WH: Automated screening of urine samples for carbohydrates, organic and amino acids after treatment with urease. J Chromatogr. 1991 Jan 2;562(1-2):125-38. [PubMed ]
|
| Biofluid |
Urine |
| Value |
33.2 +/- 11.4 umol/mmol creatinine |
| Age |
Adult:>18 yrs old |
| Sex |
Male |
| Patient information |
Normal |
| Comments |
Not Available |
| References |
- Psihogios NG, Gazi IF, Elisaf MS, Seferiadis KI, Bairaktari ET: Gender-related and age-related urinalysis of healthy subjects by NMR-based metabonomics. NMR Biomed. 2008 Mar;21(3):195-207. [PubMed ]
|
| Biofluid |
Urine |
| Value |
43.2 +/- 15.1 umol/mmol creatinine |
| Age |
Adult:>18 yrs old |
| Sex |
Female |
| Patient information |
Normal |
| Comments |
Not Available |
| References |
- Psihogios NG, Gazi IF, Elisaf MS, Seferiadis KI, Bairaktari ET: Gender-related and age-related urinalysis of healthy subjects by NMR-based metabonomics. NMR Biomed. 2008 Mar;21(3):195-207. [PubMed ]
|
| Biofluid |
Urine |
| Value |
50.73 +/- 53.54 umol/mmol creatinine |
| Age |
Infant:0-1 yr old |
| Sex |
Both |
| Patient information |
Normal |
| Comments |
Not Available |
| References |
- Shoemaker JD, Elliott WH: Automated screening of urine samples for carbohydrates, organic and amino acids after treatment with urease. J Chromatogr. 1991 Jan 2;562(1-2):125-38. [PubMed ]
|
| Biofluid |
Urine |
| Value |
70.4 (27.3-268.3) umol/mmol creatinine |
| Age |
Newborn:0-30 days old |
| Sex |
Both |
| Patient information |
Normal |
| Comments |
Not Available |
| References |
- Guneral F, Bachmann C: Age-related reference values for urinary organic acids in a healthy Turkish pediatric population. Clin Chem. 1994 Jun;40(6):862-6. [PubMed ]
|
| Biofluid |
Urine |
| Value |
104.9 (40.2-325.6) umol/mmol creatinine |
| Age |
Infant:0-1 yr old |
| Sex |
Both |
| Patient information |
Normal |
| Comments |
Not Available |
| References |
- Guneral F, Bachmann C: Age-related reference values for urinary organic acids in a healthy Turkish pediatric population. Clin Chem. 1994 Jun;40(6):862-6. [PubMed ]
|
| Biofluid |
Urine |
| Value |
18.7 (5.2-117.8) umol/mmol creatinine |
| Age |
Children:1-13 yrs old |
| Sex |
Both |
| Patient information |
Normal |
| Comments |
Not Available |
| References |
- Guneral F, Bachmann C: Age-related reference values for urinary organic acids in a healthy Turkish pediatric population. Clin Chem. 1994 Jun;40(6):862-6. [PubMed ]
|
| Biofluid |
Urine |
| Value |
15.4 (4.6-77.1) umol/mmol creatinine |
| Age |
Adolescent:13-18 yrs old |
| Sex |
Both |
| Patient information |
Normal |
| Comments |
Not Available |
| References |
- Guneral F, Bachmann C: Age-related reference values for urinary organic acids in a healthy Turkish pediatric population. Clin Chem. 1994 Jun;40(6):862-6. [PubMed ]
|
| Biofluid |
Urine |
| Value |
33.4 +/- 19.27 umol/mmol creatinine |
| Age |
Adult:>18 yrs old |
| Sex |
Male |
| Patient information |
Normal |
| Comments |
Not Available |
| References |
- Geigy Scientific Tables, 8th Rev edition, pp. 130. Edited by C. Lentner, West Cadwell, N.J.: Medical education Div., Ciba-Geigy Corp. Basel, Switzerland c1981-1992.
|
| Biofluid |
Urine |
| Value |
65.6 +/- 30.5 umol/mmol creatinine |
| Age |
Newborn:0-30 days old |
| Sex |
Both |
| Patient information |
Normal |
| Comments |
Not Available |
| References |
- Geigy Scientific Tables, 8th Rev edition, pp. 130. Edited by C. Lentner, West Cadwell, N.J.: Medical education Div., Ciba-Geigy Corp. Basel, Switzerland c1981-1992.
|
| Biofluid |
Urine |
| Value |
17.0 +/- 10.2 umol/mmol creatinine |
| Age |
Children:1-13 yrs old |
| Sex |
Both |
| Patient information |
Normal |
| Comments |
Not Available |
| References |
- Geigy Scientific Tables, 8th Rev edition, pp. 130. Edited by C. Lentner, West Cadwell, N.J.: Medical education Div., Ciba-Geigy Corp. Basel, Switzerland c1981-1992.
|
| Biofluid |
Urine |
| Value |
176 +/- 22 umol/mmol creatinine |
| Age |
Adult:>18 yrs old |
| Sex |
Male |
| Patient information |
Normal |
| Comments |
Not Available |
| References |
- Shaykhutdinov RA, MacInnis GD, Dowlatabadi R, Weljie AM, Vogel HJ. Quantitative analysis of metabolite concentrations in human urine samples using 13C{1H} NMR spectroscopy. Metabolomics. 2009
|
| Biofluid |
Urine |
| Value |
12.5 (0.00-25.0) umol/mmol creatinine |
| Age |
Adult:>18 yrs old |
| Sex |
Both |
| Patient information |
Normal |
| Comments |
Not Available |
| References |
|
|
| Concentrations (Abnormal) |
| Biofluid |
Bile |
| Value |
>10 uM |
| Age |
Adult:>18 yrs old |
| Sex |
Both |
| Condition |
Hepatic and biliary malignancies |
| Comments |
Not Available |
| References |
- Khan SA, Cox IJ, Hamilton G, Thomas HC, Taylor-Robinson SD: In vivo and in vitro nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy as a tool for investigating hepatobiliary disease: a review of H and P MRS applications. Liver Int. 2005 Apr;25(2):273-81. [PubMed ]
|
| Biofluid |
Blood |
| Value |
6400.0 +/- 2000.0 uM |
| Age |
Adult:>18 yrs old |
| Sex |
Both |
| Condition |
Abnormal |
| Comments |
Not Available |
| References |
- Kaya M, Moriwaki Y, Ka T, Inokuchi T, Yamamoto A, Takahashi S, Tsutsumi Z, Tsuzita J, Oku Y, Yamamoto T: Plasma concentrations and urinary excretion of purine bases (uric acid, hypoxanthine, and xanthine) and oxypurinol after rigorous exercise. Metabolism. 2006 Jan;55(1):103-7. [PubMed ]
|
| Biofluid |
Blood |
| Value |
500.0 +/- 130.0 uM |
| Age |
Adult:>18 yrs old |
| Sex |
Both |
| Condition |
Diabetes mellitus type 1 |
| Comments |
Not Available |
| References |
- Blomqvist G, Alvarsson M, Grill V, Von Heijne G, Ingvar M, Thorell JO, Stone-Elander S, Widen L, Ekberg K: Effect of acute hyperketonemia on the cerebral uptake of ketone bodies in nondiabetic subjects and IDDM patients. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2002 Jul;283(1):E20-8. [PubMed ]
|
| Biofluid |
Blood |
| Value |
3500.0 +/- 4300.0 uM |
| Age |
Adult:>18 yrs old |
| Sex |
Both |
| Condition |
Ethanol intoxication |
| Comments |
Not Available |
| References |
- Fulop M, Bock J, Ben-Ezra J, Antony M, Danzig J, Gage JS: Plasma lactate and 3-hydroxybutyrate levels in patients with acute ethanol intoxication. Am J Med. 1986 Feb;80(2):191-4. [PubMed ]
|
| Biofluid |
Blood |
| Value |
4000.0 (2000.0-6000.0) uM |
| Age |
Adult:>18 yrs old |
| Sex |
Both |
| Comments |
Not Available |
| References |
|
| Biofluid |
Blood |
| Value |
4500.00 (3000.00-6000.00) uM |
| Age |
Adult:>18 yrs old |
| Sex |
Both |
| Comments |
Not Available |
| References |
|
| Biofluid |
Cellular Cytoplasm |
| Value |
16000 (13000-19000) uM |
| Age |
Adult:>18 yrs old |
| Sex |
Both |
| Condition |
Anoxia |
| Comments |
Not Available |
| References |
- Zupke C, Sinskey AJ, Stephanopoulos G: Intracellular flux analysis applied to the effect of dissolved oxygen on hybridomas. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 1995 Dec;44(1-2):27-36. [PubMed ]
|
| Biofluid |
CSF |
| Value |
4577.0 (1684.0-7470.0) uM |
| Age |
Adult:>18 yrs old |
| Sex |
Both |
| Condition |
Dementia |
| Comments |
Not Available |
| References |
- Redjems-Bennani N, Jeandel C, Lefebvre E, Blain H, Vidailhet M, Gueant JL: Abnormal substrate levels that depend upon mitochondrial function in cerebrospinal fluid from Alzheimer patients. Gerontology. 1998;44(5):300-4. [PubMed ]
|
| Biofluid |
CSF |
| Value |
6850.0 (1700.0-12000) uM |
| Age |
Adult:>18 yrs old |
| Sex |
Both |
| Comments |
Not Available |
| References |
|
| Biofluid |
Urine |
| Value |
440 umol/mmol creatinine |
| Age |
Adult:>18 yrs old |
| Sex |
Both |
| Condition |
Paraquat poisoning |
| Comments |
Not Available |
| References |
- Bairaktari E, Katopodis K, Siamopoulos KC, Tsolas O: Paraquat-induced renal injury studied by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of urine. Clin Chem. 1998 Jun;44(6 Pt 1):1256-61. [PubMed ]
|
| Biofluid |
Urine |
| Value |
33.7 +/- 12.37 umol/mmol creatinine |
| Age |
Adult:>18 yrs old |
| Sex |
Female |
| Condition |
Abnormal |
| Comments |
Not Available |
| References |
- Geigy Scientific Tables, 8th Rev edition, pp. 130. Edited by C. Lentner, West Cadwell, N.J.: Medical education Div., Ciba-Geigy Corp. Basel, Switzerland c1981-1992.
|
| Biofluid |
Urine |
| Value |
37550.0 (100.0-75000.0) umol/mmol creatinine |
| Age |
Adult:>18 yrs old |
| Sex |
Both |
| Comments |
Not Available |
| References |
|
|
| Associated Disorders |
| Condition |
References |
| Anoxia |
- Zupke C, Sinskey AJ, Stephanopoulos G: Intracellular flux analysis applied to the effect of dissolved oxygen on hybridomas. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 1995 Dec;44(1-2):27-36. [PubMed ]
|
| Dementia |
- Redjems-Bennani N, Jeandel C, Lefebvre E, Blain H, Vidailhet M, Gueant JL: Abnormal substrate levels that depend upon mitochondrial function in cerebrospinal fluid from Alzheimer patients. Gerontology. 1998;44(5):300-4. [PubMed ]
|
| Diabetes mellitus type 1 |
- Blomqvist G, Alvarsson M, Grill V, Von Heijne G, Ingvar M, Thorell JO, Stone-Elander S, Widen L, Ekberg K: Effect of acute hyperketonemia on the cerebral uptake of ketone bodies in nondiabetic subjects and IDDM patients. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2002 Jul;283(1):E20-8. [PubMed ]
|
| Ethanol intoxication |
- Fulop M, Bock J, Ben-Ezra J, Antony M, Danzig J, Gage JS: Plasma lactate and 3-hydroxybutyrate levels in patients with acute ethanol intoxication. Am J Med. 1986 Feb;80(2):191-4. [PubMed ]
|
| Hepatic and biliary malignancies |
- Khan SA, Cox IJ, Hamilton G, Thomas HC, Taylor-Robinson SD: In vivo and in vitro nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy as a tool for investigating hepatobiliary disease: a review of H and P MRS applications. Liver Int. 2005 Apr;25(2):273-81. [PubMed ]
|
| Paraquat poisoning |
- Bairaktari E, Katopodis K, Siamopoulos KC, Tsolas O: Paraquat-induced renal injury studied by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of urine. Clin Chem. 1998 Jun;44(6 Pt 1):1256-61. [PubMed ]
|
|
| OMIM ID |
|
| Pathways |
|
| General References |
- Nielsen J, Ytrebo LM, Borud O: Lactate and pyruvate concentrations in capillary blood from newborns. Acta Paediatr. 1994 Sep;83(9):920-2. [PubMed ]
- Subramanian A, Gupta A, Saxena S, Gupta A, Kumar R, Nigam A, Kumar R, Mandal SK, Roy R: Proton MR CSF analysis and a new software as predictors for the differentiation of meningitis in children. NMR Biomed. 2005 Jun;18(4):213-25. [PubMed ]
- Zupke C, Sinskey AJ, Stephanopoulos G: Intracellular flux analysis applied to the effect of dissolved oxygen on hybridomas. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 1995 Dec;44(1-2):27-36. [PubMed ]
- Nicholson JK, Buckingham MJ, Sadler PJ: High resolution 1H n.m.r. studies of vertebrate blood and plasma. Biochem J. 1983 Jun 1;211(3):605-15. [PubMed ]
- Redjems-Bennani N, Jeandel C, Lefebvre E, Blain H, Vidailhet M, Gueant JL: Abnormal substrate levels that depend upon mitochondrial function in cerebrospinal fluid from Alzheimer patients. Gerontology. 1998;44(5):300-4. [PubMed ]
- Bairaktari E, Katopodis K, Siamopoulos KC, Tsolas O: Paraquat-induced renal injury studied by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of urine. Clin Chem. 1998 Jun;44(6 Pt 1):1256-61. [PubMed ]
- Isotalo T, Talja M, Hellstrom P, Perttila I, Valimaa T, Tormala P, Tammela TL: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled pilot study to investigate the effects of finasteride combined with a biodegradable self-reinforced poly L-lactic acid spiral stent in patients with urinary retention caused by bladder outlet obstruction from benign prostatic hyperplasia. BJU Int. 2001 Jul;88(1):30-4. [PubMed ]
- Shirai Y, Kamimura K, Seki T, Morohashi M: L-lactic acid as a mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) repellent on human and mouse skin. J Med Entomol. 2001 Jan;38(1):51-4. [PubMed ]
- Wevers RA, Engelke U, Wendel U, de Jong JG, Gabreels FJ, Heerschap A: Standardized method for high-resolution 1H-NMR of cerebrospinal fluid. Clin Chem. 1995 May;41(5):744-51. [PubMed ]
- Commodari F, Arnold DL, Sanctuary BC, Shoubridge EA: 1H NMR characterization of normal human cerebrospinal fluid and the detection of methylmalonic acid in a vitamin B12 deficient patient. NMR Biomed. 1991 Aug;4(4):192-200. [PubMed ]
- Silwood CJ, Lynch E, Claxson AW, Grootveld MC: 1H and (13)C NMR spectroscopic analysis of human saliva. J Dent Res. 2002 Jun;81(6):422-7. [PubMed ]
- Kaya M, Moriwaki Y, Ka T, Inokuchi T, Yamamoto A, Takahashi S, Tsutsumi Z, Tsuzita J, Oku Y, Yamamoto T: Plasma concentrations and urinary excretion of purine bases (uric acid, hypoxanthine, and xanthine) and oxypurinol after rigorous exercise. Metabolism. 2006 Jan;55(1):103-7. [PubMed ]
- Nakayama Y, Kinoshita A, Tomita M: Dynamic simulation of red blood cell metabolism and its application to the analysis of a pathological condition. Theor Biol Med Model. 2005 May 9;2(1):18. [PubMed ]
- Hoffmann GF, Meier-Augenstein W, Stockler S, Surtees R, Rating D, Nyhan WL: Physiology and pathophysiology of organic acids in cerebrospinal fluid. J Inherit Metab Dis. 1993;16(4):648-69. [PubMed ]
- Khan SA, Cox IJ, Hamilton G, Thomas HC, Taylor-Robinson SD: In vivo and in vitro nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy as a tool for investigating hepatobiliary disease: a review of H and P MRS applications. Liver Int. 2005 Apr;25(2):273-81. [PubMed ]
- Wikipedia
|
| Metabolic Enzymes |
- L-lactate dehydrogenase B chain
- L-lactate dehydrogenase C chain
- L-lactate dehydrogenase A-like 6B
- L-lactate dehydrogenase A-like 6A
- cDNA FLJ54086, moderately similar to L-lactate dehydrogenase A chain (EC 1.1.1.27)
|
|
Enzyme 1
[top]
|
| Enzyme 1 ID |
5791 |
| Enzyme 1 Name |
L-lactate dehydrogenase B chain |
| Enzyme 1 Synonyms |
- LDH-B
- LDH heart subunit
- LDH-H
- Renal carcinoma antigen NY-REN-46
|
| Enzyme 1 Gene Name |
LDHB |
| Enzyme 1 Protein Sequence |
>L-lactate dehydrogenase B chain
MATLKEKLIAPVAEEEATVPNNKITVVGVGQVGMACAISILGKSLADELALVDVLEDKLK
GEMMDLQHGSLFLQTPKIVADKDYSVTANSKIVVVTAGVRQQEGESRLNLVQRNVNVFKF
IIPQIVKYSPDCIIIVVSNPVDILTYVTWKLSGLPKHRVIGSGCNLDSARFRYLMAEKLG
IHPSSCHGWILGEHGDSSVAVWSGVNVAGVSLQELNPEMGTDNDSENWKEVHKMVVESAY
EVIKLKGYTNWAIGLSVADLIESMLKNLSRIHPVSTMVKGMYGIENEVFLSLPCILNARG
LTSVINQKLKDDEVAQLKKSADTLWDIQKDLKDL
|
| Enzyme 1 Number of Residues |
334 |
| Enzyme 1 Molecular Weight |
36639 |
| Enzyme 1 Theoretical pI |
5.93 |
| Enzyme 1 GO Classification |
| Function |
- L-lactate dehydrogenase activity
- catalytic activity
- lactate dehydrogenase activity
- oxidoreductase activity
- oxidoreductase activity, acting on CH-OH group of donors
|
| Process |
- alcohol metabolism
- anaerobic glycolysis
- cellular metabolism
- energy derivation by oxidation of organic compounds
- generation of precursor metabolites and energy
- glucose catabolism
- glucose metabolism
- glycolysis
- hexose metabolism
- main pathways of carbohydrate metabolism
- metabolism
- monosaccharide metabolism
- physiological process
- tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediate metabolism
|
| Component |
- cell
- cytoplasm
- intracellular
|
|
| Enzyme 1 General Function |
Energy production and conversion |
| Enzyme 1 Specific Function |
(S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH |
| Enzyme 1 Pathways |
|
| Enzyme 1 Reactions |
- (S)-lactate + NAD+ = pyruvate + NADH + H+
|
| Enzyme 1 Pfam Domain Function |
|
| Enzyme 1 Signals |
|
| Enzyme 1 Transmembrane Regions |
|
| Enzyme 1 Essentiality |
Not Available |
| Enzyme 1 GenBank ID Protein |
1200083 |
| Enzyme 1 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID |
P07195 |
| Enzyme 1 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name |
LDHB_HUMAN |
| Enzyme 1 PDB ID |
1I0Z |
| Enzyme 1 PDB File |
Show |
| Enzyme 1 3D Structure |
|
| Enzyme 1 Cellular Location |
Not Available |
| Enzyme 1 Gene Sequence |
>129 bp
ATGGCAACTCTTAAGGAAAAACTCATTGCACCAGTTGCGGAAGAAGAGGCAACAGTTCCA
AACAATAAGATCACTGTAGTGGGTGTTGGACAAGTTGGTATGGCGTGTGCTATCAGCATT
CTGGGAAAG
|
| Enzyme 1 GenBank Gene ID |
X13794 |
| Enzyme 1 GeneCard ID |
LDHB |
| Enzyme 1 GenAtlas ID |
LDHB |
| Enzyme 1 HGNC ID |
HGNC:6541 |
| Enzyme 1 Chromosome Location |
12 |
| Enzyme 1 Locus |
12p12.2-p12.1 |
| Enzyme 1 SNPs |
SNPJam Report |
| Enzyme 1 General References |
- Takeno T, Li SS: Structure of the human lactate dehydrogenase B gene. Biochem J. 1989 Feb 1;257(3):921-4. [PubMed ]
- Sakai I, Sharief FS, Pan YC, Li SS: The cDNA and protein sequences of human lactate dehydrogenase B. Biochem J. 1987 Dec 15;248(3):933-6. [PubMed ]
- Scanlan MJ, Gordan JD, Williamson B, Stockert E, Bander NH, Jongeneel V, Gure AO, Jager D, Jager E, Knuth A, Chen YT, Old LJ: Antigens recognized by autologous antibody in patients with renal-cell carcinoma. Int J Cancer. 1999 Nov 12;83(4):456-64. [PubMed ]
- Maekawa M, Sudo K, Kitajima M, Matsuura Y, Li SS, Kanno T: Analysis of a genetic mutation in an electrophoretic variant of the human lactate dehydrogenase-B(H) subunit. Hum Genet. 1993 Jun;91(5):423-6. [PubMed ]
- Maekawa M, Sudo K, Kitajima M, Matsuura Y, Li SS, Kanno T: Detection and characterization of new genetic mutations in individuals heterozygous for lactate dehydrogenase-B(H) deficiency using DNA conformation polymorphism analysis and silver staining. Hum Genet. 1993 Mar;91(2):163-8. [PubMed ]
- Sudo K, Maekawa M, Tomonaga A, Tsukada T, Nakayama T, Kitamura M, Li SS, Kanno T, Toriumi J: Molecular characterization of genetic mutations in human lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) B (H) variant. Hum Genet. 1992 May;89(2):158-62. [PubMed ]
- Sudo K, Maekawa M, Ikawa S, Machida K, Kitamura M, Li SS: A missense mutation found in human lactate dehydrogenase-B (H) variant gene. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1990 Apr 30;168(2):672-6. [PubMed ]
- Shonnard GC, Hud NV, Mohrenweiser HW: Arginine to tryptophan substitution in the active site of a human lactate dehydrogenase variant--LDHB GUA1: postulated effects on subunit structure and catalysis. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1996 Jan 17;1315(1):9-14. [PubMed ]
- Sudo K, Maekawa M, Houki N, Okuda T, Akizuki S, Magara T, Kawano K: A novel in-frame deletion mutation in a case of lactate dehydrogenase (LD) H subunit deficiency showing an atypical LD isoenzyme pattern in serum and erythrocytes. Clin Biochem. 1999 Mar;32(2):137-41. [PubMed ]
- Hidaka K, Ueda N, Hirata I, Watanabe Y, Minatogawa Y, Iuchi I: First case of missense mutation (LDH-H:R171P) in exon 4 of the lactate dehydrogenase gene detected in a Japanese patient. J Hum Genet. 1999;44(1):69-72. [PubMed ]
- Takatani T, Takaoka N, Tatsumi M, Kawamoto H, Okuno Y, Morita K, Masutani T, Murakawa K, Okamoto Y: A novel missense mutation in human lactate dehydrogenase B-subunit gene. Mol Genet Metab. 2001 Aug;73(4):344-8. [PubMed ]
|
| Enzyme 1 Metabolite References |
Not Available |
|
Enzyme 2
[top]
|
| Enzyme 2 ID |
5792 |
| Enzyme 2 Name |
L-lactate dehydrogenase C chain |
| Enzyme 2 Synonyms |
- LDH-C
- LDH testis subunit
- LDH-X
|
| Enzyme 2 Gene Name |
LDHC |
| Enzyme 2 Protein Sequence |
>L-lactate dehydrogenase C chain
MSTVKEQLIEKLIEDDENSQCKITIVGTGAVGMACAISILLKDLADELALVDVALDKLKG
EMMDLQHGSLFFSTSKITSGKDYSVSANSRIVIVTAGARQQEGETRLALVQRNVAIMKSI
IPAIVHYSPDCKILVVSNPVDILTYIVWKISGLPVTRVIGSGCNLDSARFRYLIGEKLGV
HPTSCHGWIIGEHGDSSVPLWSGVNVAGVALKTLDPKLGTDSDKEHWKNIHKQVIQSAYE
IIKLKGYTSWAIGLSVMDLVGSILKNLRRVHPVSTMVKGLYGIKEELFLSIPCVLGRNGV
SDVVKINLNSEEEALFKKSAETLWNIQKDLIF
|
| Enzyme 2 Number of Residues |
332 |
| Enzyme 2 Molecular Weight |
36312 |
| Enzyme 2 Theoretical pI |
7.53 |
| Enzyme 2 GO Classification |
| Function |
- L-lactate dehydrogenase activity
- catalytic activity
- lactate dehydrogenase activity
- oxidoreductase activity
- oxidoreductase activity, acting on CH-OH group of donors
|
| Process |
- alcohol metabolism
- anaerobic glycolysis
- cellular metabolism
- energy derivation by oxidation of organic compounds
- generation of precursor metabolites and energy
- glucose catabolism
- glucose metabolism
- glycolysis
- hexose metabolism
- main pathways of carbohydrate metabolism
- metabolism
- monosaccharide metabolism
- physiological process
- tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediate metabolism
|
| Component |
- cell
- cytoplasm
- intracellular
|
|
| Enzyme 2 General Function |
Energy production and conversion |
| Enzyme 2 Specific Function |
Possible role in sperm motility |
| Enzyme 2 Pathways |
|
| Enzyme 2 Reactions |
- (S)-lactate + NAD+ = pyruvate + NADH + H+
|
| Enzyme 2 Pfam Domain Function |
|
| Enzyme 2 Signals |
|
| Enzyme 2 Transmembrane Regions |
|
| Enzyme 2 Essentiality |
Not Available |
| Enzyme 2 GenBank ID Protein |
307120 |
| Enzyme 2 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID |
P07864 |
| Enzyme 2 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name |
LDHC_HUMAN |
| Enzyme 2 PDB ID |
Not Available |
| Enzyme 2 Cellular Location |
Not Available |
| Enzyme 2 Gene Sequence |
>999 bp
ATGTCAACTGTCAAGGAGCAGCTAATTGAGAAGCTAATTGAGGATGATGAAAACTCCCAG
TGTAAAATTACTATTGTTGGAACTGGTGCCGTAGGCATGGCTTGTGCTATTAGTATCTTA
CTGAAGGATTTGGCTGATGAACTTGCCCTTGTTGATGTTGCATTGGACAAACTGAAGGGA
GAAATGATGGATCTTCAGCATGGCAGTCTTTTCTTTAGTACTTCAAAGGTTACTTCTGGA
AAAGATTACAGTGTATCTGCAAACTCCAGAATAGTTATTGTCACAGCAGGTGCAAGGCAG
CAGGAGGGAGAAACTCGCCTTGCCCTGGTCCAACGTAATGTGGCTATAATGAAAATAATC
ATTCCTGCCATAGTCCATTATAGTCCTGATTGTAAAATTCTTGTTGTTTCAAATCCAGTG
GATATTTTGACATATATAGTCTGGAAGATAAGTGGCTTACCTGTAACTCGTGTAATTGGA
AGTGGTTGTAATCTAGACTCTGCCCGTTTCCGTTACCTAATTGGAGAAAAGTTGGGTGTC
CACCCCACAAGCTGCCATGGTTGGATTATTGGAGAACATGGTGATTCTAGTGTGCCCTTA
TGGAGTGGGGTGAATGTTGCTGGTGTTGCTCTGAAGACTCTGGACCCTAAATTAGGAACG
GATTCAGATAAGGAACACTGGAAAAATATCCATAAACAAGTTATTCAAAGTGCCTATGAA
ATTATCAAGCTGAAGGGGTATACCTCTTGGGCTATTGGACTGTCTGTGATGGATCTGGTA
GGATCCATTTTGAAAAATCTTAGGAGAGTGCACCCAGTTTCCACCATGGTTAAGGGATTA
TATGGAATAAAAGAAGAACTCTTTCTCAGTATCCCTTGTGTCTTGGGGCGGAATGGTGTC
TCAGATGTTGTGAAAATTAACTTGAATTCTGAGGAGGAGGCCCTTTTCAAGAAGAGTGCA
GAAACACTTTGGAATATTCAAAAGGATCTAATATTTTAA
|
| Enzyme 2 GenBank Gene ID |
J02938 |
| Enzyme 2 GeneCard ID |
LDHC |
| Enzyme 2 GenAtlas ID |
LDHC |
| Enzyme 2 HGNC ID |
HGNC:6544 |
| Enzyme 2 Chromosome Location |
11 |
| Enzyme 2 Locus |
11p15.5-p15.3 |
| Enzyme 2 SNPs |
SNPJam Report |
| Enzyme 2 General References |
- Millan JL, Driscoll CE, LeVan KM, Goldberg E: Epitopes of human testis-specific lactate dehydrogenase deduced from a cDNA sequence. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Aug;84(15):5311-5. [PubMed ]
- Takano T, Li SS: Human testicular lactate dehydrogenase-C gene is interrupted by six introns at positions homologous to those of LDH-A (muscle) and LDH-B (heart) genes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1989 Mar 15;159(2):579-83. [PubMed ]
|
| Enzyme 2 Metabolite References |
Not Available |
|
Enzyme 3
[top]
|
| Enzyme 3 ID |
5794 |
| Enzyme 3 Name |
L-lactate dehydrogenase A-like 6B |
| Enzyme 3 Synonyms |
Not Available |
| Enzyme 3 Gene Name |
LDHAL6B |
| Enzyme 3 Protein Sequence |
>L-lactate dehydrogenase A-like 6B
MSWTVPVVRASQRVSSVGANFLCLGMALCPRQATRIPLNGTWLFTPVSKMATVKSELIER
FTSEKPVHHSKVSIIGTGSVGMACAISILLKGLSDELALVDLDEDKLKGETMDLQHGSPF
TKMPNIVCSKDYFVTANSNLVIITAGARQEKGETRLNLVQRNVAIFKLMISSIVQYSPHC
KLIIVSNPVDILTYVAWKLSAFPKNRIIGSGCNLDTARFRFLIGQKLGIHSESCHGWILG
EHGDSSVPVWSGVNIAGVPLKDLNSDIGTDKDPEQWKNVHKEVTATAYEIIKMKGYTSWA
IGLSVADLTESILKNLRRIHPVSTIIKGLYGIDEEVFLSIPCILGENGITNLIKIKLTPE
EEAHLKKSAKTLWEIQNKLKL
|
| Enzyme 3 Number of Residues |
381 |
| Enzyme 3 Molecular Weight |
41943 |
| Enzyme 3 Theoretical pI |
8.89 |
| Enzyme 3 GO Classification |
| Function |
- L-lactate dehydrogenase activity
- catalytic activity
- lactate dehydrogenase activity
- oxidoreductase activity
- oxidoreductase activity, acting on CH-OH group of donors
|
| Process |
- alcohol metabolism
- anaerobic glycolysis
- cellular metabolism
- energy derivation by oxidation of organic compounds
- generation of precursor metabolites and energy
- glucose catabolism
- glucose metabolism
- glycolysis
- hexose metabolism
- main pathways of carbohydrate metabolism
- metabolism
- monosaccharide metabolism
- physiological process
- tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediate metabolism
|
| Component |
- cell
- cytoplasm
- intracellular
|
|
| Enzyme 3 General Function |
Energy production and conversion |
| Enzyme 3 Specific Function |
(S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH |
| Enzyme 3 Pathways |
|
| Enzyme 3 Reactions |
- (S)-lactate + NAD+ = pyruvate + NADH + H+
|
| Enzyme 3 Pfam Domain Function |
|
| Enzyme 3 Signals |
|
| Enzyme 3 Transmembrane Regions |
|
| Enzyme 3 Essentiality |
Not Available |
| Enzyme 3 GenBank ID Protein |
12331000 |
| Enzyme 3 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID |
Q9BYZ2 |
| Enzyme 3 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name |
LDH6B_HUMAN |
| Enzyme 3 PDB ID |
Not Available |
| Enzyme 3 Cellular Location |
Not Available |
| Enzyme 3 Gene Sequence |
>1146 bp
ATGAGTTGGACTGTGCCTGTTGTGCGGGCCAGCCAGAGAGTGAGCTCGGTGGGAGCGAAT
TTCCTATGCCTGGGGATGGCCCTGTGTCCGCGTCAAGCAACGCGCATCCCGCTCAACGGC
ACCTGGCTCTTCACCCCCGTGAGCAAGATGGCGACTGTGAAGAGTGAGCTTATTGAGCGT
TTCACTTCCGAGAAGCCCGTTCATCACAGTAAGGTCTCCATCATAGGAACTGGATCGGTG
GGCATGGCCTGCGCTATCAGCATCTTATTAAAAGGCTTGAGTGATGAACTTGCCCTTGTG
GATCTTGATGAAGACAAACTGAAGGGTGAGACGATGGATCTTCAACATGGCAGCCCTTTC
ACGAAAATGCCAAATATTGTTTGTAGCAAAGATTACTTTGTCACAGCAAACTCCAACCTA
GTGATTATCACAGCAGGTGCACGCCAAGAAAAGGGAGAAACGCGCCTTAATTTAGTCCAG
CGAAATGTGGCCATCTTCAAGTTAATGATTTCCAGTATTGTCCAGTACAGCCCCCACTGC
AAACTGATTATTGTTTCCAATCCAGTGGATATCTTAACTTATGTAGCTTGGAAGTTGAGT
GCATTTCCCAAAAACCGTATTATTGGAAGCGGCTGTAATCTGGATACTGCTCGTTTTCGT
TTCTTGATTGGACAAAAGCTTGGTATCCATTCTGAAAGCTGCCATGGATGGATCCTCGGA
GAGCATGGAGACTCAAGTGTTCCTGTGTGGAGTGGAGTGAACATAGCTGGTGTCCCTTTG
AAGGATCTGAACTCTGATATAGGAACTGATAAAGATCCTGAGCAATGGAAAAATGTCCAC
AAAGAAGTGACTGCAACTGCCTATGAGATTATTAAAATGAAAGGTTATACTTCTTGGGCC
ATTGGCCTATCTGTGGCCGATTTAACAGAAAGTATTTTGAAGAATCTTAGGAGAATACAT
CCAGTTTCCACCATAATTAAGGGCCTCTATGGAATAGATGAAGAAGTATTCCTCAGTATT
CCTTGTATCCTGGGAGAGAACGGTATTACCAACCTTATAAAGATAAAGCTGACCCCTGAA
GAAGAGGCCCATCTGAAAAAAAGTGCAAAAACACTCTGGGAAATTCAGAATAAGCTTAAG
CTTTAA
|
| Enzyme 3 GenBank Gene ID |
AY009108 |
| Enzyme 3 GeneCard ID |
LDHAL6B |
| Enzyme 3 GenAtlas ID |
LDHAL6B |
| Enzyme 3 HGNC ID |
HGNC:21481 |
| Enzyme 3 Chromosome Location |
15 |
| Enzyme 3 Locus |
15q22.2 |
| Enzyme 3 SNPs |
SNPJam Report |
| Enzyme 3 General References |
Not Available |
| Enzyme 3 Metabolite References |
Not Available |
|
Enzyme 4
[top]
|
| Enzyme 4 ID |
6175 |
| Enzyme 4 Name |
L-lactate dehydrogenase A-like 6A |
| Enzyme 4 Synonyms |
Not Available |
| Enzyme 4 Gene Name |
LDHAL6A |
| Enzyme 4 Protein Sequence |
>L-lactate dehydrogenase A-like 6A
MATIKSELIKNFAEEEAIHHNKISIVGTGSVGVACAISILLKGLSDELVLVDVDEGKLKG
ETMDLQHGSPFMKMPNIVSSKDYLVTANSNLVIITAGARQKKGETRLDLVQRNVSIFKLM
IPNITQYSPHCKLLIVTNPVDILTYVAWKLSGFPKNRVIGSGCNLDSARFRYFIGQRLGI
HSESCHGLILGEHGDSSVPVWSGVNIAGVPLKDLNPDIGTDKDPEQWENVHKKVISSGYE
MVKMKGYTSWGISLSVADLTESILKNLRRVHPVSTLSKGLYGINEDIFLSVPCILGENGI
TDLIKVKLTLEEEACLQKSAETLWEIQKELKL
|
| Enzyme 4 Number of Residues |
332 |
| Enzyme 4 Molecular Weight |
36508 |
| Enzyme 4 Theoretical pI |
7.00 |
| Enzyme 4 GO Classification |
| Function |
- L-lactate dehydrogenase activity
- catalytic activity
- lactate dehydrogenase activity
- oxidoreductase activity
- oxidoreductase activity, acting on CH-OH group of donors
|
| Process |
- alcohol metabolism
- anaerobic glycolysis
- cellular metabolism
- energy derivation by oxidation of organic compounds
- generation of precursor metabolites and energy
- glucose catabolism
- glucose metabolism
- glycolysis
- hexose metabolism
- main pathways of carbohydrate metabolism
- metabolism
- monosaccharide metabolism
- physiological process
- tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediate metabolism
|
| Component |
- cell
- cytoplasm
- intracellular
|
|
| Enzyme 4 General Function |
Energy production and conversion |
| Enzyme 4 Specific Function |
(S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH |
| Enzyme 4 Pathways |
|
| Enzyme 4 Reactions |
- (S)-lactate + NAD+ = pyruvate + NADH + H+
|
| Enzyme 4 Pfam Domain Function |
|
| Enzyme 4 Signals |
|
| Enzyme 4 Transmembrane Regions |
|
| Enzyme 4 Essentiality |
Not Available |
| Enzyme 4 GenBank ID Protein |
46405145 |
| Enzyme 4 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID |
Q6ZMR3 |
| Enzyme 4 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name |
LDH6A_HUMAN |
| Enzyme 4 PDB ID |
Not Available |
| Enzyme 4 Cellular Location |
Not Available |
| Enzyme 4 Gene Sequence |
>999 bp
ATGGCAACTATCAAGAGTGAACTTATTAAGAATTTCGCGGAAGAGGAGGCCATTCATCAC
AATAAGATCTCCATTGTAGGAACTGGATCGGTTGGTGTGGCTTGTGCTATCAGCATCTTA
TTAAAAGGTTTGAGTGATGAACTTGTCCTTGTGGATGTTGATGAAGGCAAACTGAAGGGT
GAGACAATGGATCTTCAACATGGCAGCCCTTTTATGAAAATGCCAAATATTGTCTCCAGC
AAAGATTACCTGGTCACTGCAAACTCCAATCTAGTGATTATCACAGCAGGTGCACGCCAG
AAAAAAGGAGAAACACGCCTTGATTTAGTCCAGCGAAATGTATCCATCTTTAAATTAATG
ATTCCCAATATTACCCAGTACAGTCCTCACTGCAAACTGCTTATTGTTACTAATCCAGTG
GATATCTTAACTTATGTAGCCTGGAAGTTGAGTGGATTTCCCAAAAACCGTGTTATTGGA
AGTGGTTGTAATCTGGACTCTGCTCGTTTTCGTTACTTTATTGGGCAAAGGCTTGGCATC
CACTCTGAAAGCTGTCATGGGCTGATCCTTGGAGAGCATGGCGACTCAAGTGTTCCTGTG
TGGAGTGGTGTGAACATTGCTGGCGTCCCTCTGAAGGATCTGAACCCAGATATAGGAACT
GATAAAGATCCTGAGCAGTGGGAAAATGTCCACAAAAAAGTGATTTCCAGTGGCTATGAG
ATGGTCAAAATGAAAGGTTATACTTCTTGGGGCATTAGCCTATCTGTAGCTGATTTAACA
GAAAGTATTTTGAAGAATCTTAGGAGAGTGCATCCAGTTTCTACCCTAAGTAAGGGCCTC
TATGGAATAAATGAAGACATATTCCTTAGTGTCCCATGTATCCTGGGAGAGAATGGTATC
ACAGACCTCATAAAAGTAAAACTGACTCTTGAAGAGGAGGCCTGCTTGCAAAAGAGTGCA
GAAACACTTTGGGAAATTCAGAAGGAGCTCAAGCTTTAA
|
| Enzyme 4 GenBank Gene ID |
AY581313 |
| Enzyme 4 GeneCard ID |
LDHAL6A |
| Enzyme 4 GenAtlas ID |
LDHAL6A |
| Enzyme 4 HGNC ID |
HGNC:28335 |
| Enzyme 4 Chromosome Location |
11 |
| Enzyme 4 Locus |
11p15.1 |
| Enzyme 4 SNPs |
SNPJam Report |
| Enzyme 4 General References |
Not Available |
| Enzyme 4 Metabolite References |
Not Available |
|
Enzyme 5
[top]
|
| Enzyme 5 ID |
16419 |
| Enzyme 5 Name |
cDNA FLJ54086, moderately similar to L-lactate dehydrogenase A chain (EC 1.1.1.27) |
| Enzyme 5 Synonyms |
Not Available |
| Enzyme 5 Gene Name |
Not Available |
| Enzyme 5 Protein Sequence |
>cDNA FLJ54086, moderately similar to L-lactate dehydrogenase A chain (EC 1.1.1.27)
MATLKDQLIYNLLKEEQTPQNKITVVGVGAVGMACAISILMKDLADELALVDVIEDKLKG
EMMDLQHGSLFLRTPKIVSGKVDILTYVAWKISGFPKNRVIGSGCNLDSARFRYLMGERL
GVHPLSCHGWVLGEHGDSSVPVWSGMNVAGVSLKTLHPDLGTDKDKEQWKEVHKQVVESA
YEVIKLKGYTSWAIGLSVADLAESIMKNLRRVHPVSTMIKGLYGIKDDVFLSVPCILGQN
GISDLVKVTLTSEEEARLKKSADTLWGIQKELQF
|
| Enzyme 5 Number of Residues |
274 |
| Enzyme 5 Molecular Weight |
30206 |
| Enzyme 5 Theoretical pI |
7.18 |
| Enzyme 5 GO Classification |
| Function |
- L-lactate dehydrogenase activity
- catalytic activity
- lactate dehydrogenase activity
- oxidoreductase activity
- oxidoreductase activity, acting on CH-OH group of donors
|
| Process |
- alcohol metabolism
- anaerobic glycolysis
- cellular metabolism
- energy derivation by oxidation of organic compounds
- generation of precursor metabolites and energy
- glucose catabolism
- glucose metabolism
- glycolysis
- hexose metabolism
- main pathways of carbohydrate metabolism
- metabolism
- monosaccharide metabolism
- physiological process
- tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediate metabolism
|
| Component |
- cell
- cytoplasm
- intracellular
|
|
| Enzyme 5 General Function |
Energy production and conversion |
| Enzyme 5 Specific Function |
Not Available |
| Enzyme 5 Pathways |
Not Available |
| Enzyme 5 Reactions |
- (S)-lactate + NAD+ = pyruvate + NADH + H+ [RN:R00703] ALL_REAC R00703
- (other) R01000 R03104
|
| Enzyme 5 Pfam Domain Function |
|
| Enzyme 5 Signals |
|
| Enzyme 5 Transmembrane Regions |
|
| Enzyme 5 Essentiality |
Not Available |
| Enzyme 5 GenBank ID Protein |
Not Available |
| Enzyme 5 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID |
B4DKQ2 |
| Enzyme 5 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name |
B4DKQ2_HUMAN |
| Enzyme 5 PDB ID |
Not Available |
| Enzyme 5 Cellular Location |
Not Available |
| Enzyme 5 Gene Sequence |
Not Available |
| Enzyme 5 GenBank Gene ID |
AK296667 |
| Enzyme 5 GeneCard ID |
B4DKQ2 |
| Enzyme 5 GenAtlas ID |
Not Available |
| Enzyme 5 HGNC ID |
Not Available |
| Enzyme 5 Chromosome Location |
Not Available |
| Enzyme 5 Locus |
Not Available |
| Enzyme 5 SNPs |
Not Available |
| Enzyme 5 General References |
Not Available |
| Enzyme 5 Metabolite References |
Not Available |
