1. Adofeed
2. Antischim B
3. Carboxyethane
4. Ethanecarboxylate
5. Ethanecarboxylic acid
6. Ethylformate
7. Ethylformic acid
8. Luprosil
9. Metacetonate
10. Metacetonic acid
11. Methylacetate
12. Methylacetic acid
13. MonoProp
14. Propcorn
15. Propionate
16. Propkorn
17. Prozoin
18. Pseudoacetate
19. Pseudoacetic acid
20. Toxi-Check
21. Propanoic acid
22. propanate
23. Propanoate

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• Cytoplasm
• Extracellular
• mitochondria

• Blood
• Cerebrospinal Fluid
• Saliva
• Urine

• 606054 (Propionic acidemia)

1. Somerma S, Lassus A, Salde L: Assessment of atrophy of human skin caused by corticosteroids using chamber occlusion and suction blister techniques. Acta Derm Venereol. 1984;64(1):41-5. [PubMed ]
2. Marala RB, Brown JA, Kong JX, Tracey WR, Knight DR, Wester RT, Sun D, Kennedy SP, Hamanaka ES, Ruggeri RB, Hill RJ: Zoniporide: a potent and highly selective inhibitor of human Na(+)/H(+) exchanger-1. Eur J Pharmacol. 2002 Sep 6;451(1):37-41. [PubMed ]
3. Lin SC, Bergles DE: Synaptic signaling between neurons and glia. Glia. 2004 Aug 15;47(3):290-8. [PubMed ]
4. Alekseev OM, Widgren EE, Richardson RT, O'Rand MG: Association of NASP with HSP90 in mouse spermatogenic cells: stimulation of ATPase activity and transport of linker histones into nuclei. J Biol Chem. 2005 Jan 28;280(4):2904-11. Epub 2004 Nov 8. [PubMed ]
5. Robertson MD, Bickerton AS, Dennis AL, Vidal H, Frayn KN: Insulin-sensitizing effects of dietary resistant starch and effects on skeletal muscle and adipose tissue metabolism. Am J Clin Nutr. 2005 Sep;82(3):559-67. [PubMed ]
6. Esposito BP, Faljoni-Alario A, de Menezes JF, de Brito HF, Najjar R: A circular dichroism and fluorescence quenching study of the interactions between rhodium(II) complexes and human serum albumin. J Inorg Biochem. 1999 May 30;75(1):55-61. [PubMed ]
7. Jeng JH, Chan CP, Ho YS, Lan WH, Hsieh CC, Chang MC: Effects of butyrate and propionate on the adhesion, growth, cell cycle kinetics, and protein synthesis of cultured human gingival fibroblasts. J Periodontol. 1999 Dec;70(12):1435-42. [PubMed ]
8. Chandler RJ, Aswani V, Tsai MS, Falk M, Wehrli N, Stabler S, Allen R, Sedensky M, Kazazian HH, Venditti CP: Propionyl-CoA and adenosylcobalamin metabolism in Caenorhabditis elegans: evidence for a role of methylmalonyl-CoA epimerase in intermediary metabolism. Mol Genet Metab. 2006 Sep-Oct;89(1-2):64-73. Epub 2006 Jul 14. [PubMed ]
9. Silwood CJ, Lynch E, Claxson AW, Grootveld MC: 1H and (13)C NMR spectroscopic analysis of human saliva. J Dent Res. 2002 Jun;81(6):422-7. [PubMed ]
10. Christensen JK, Varming T, Ahring PK, Jorgensen TD, Nielsen EO: In vitro characterization of 5-carboxyl-2,4-di-benzamidobenzoic acid (NS3763), a noncompetitive antagonist of GLUK5 receptors. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2004 Jun;309(3):1003-10. Epub 2004 Feb 25. [PubMed ]
11. Bintvihok A, Kositcharoenkul S: Effect of dietary calcium propionate on performance, hepatic enzyme activities and aflatoxin residues in broilers fed a diet containing low levels of aflatoxin B1. Toxicon. 2006 Jan;47(1):41-6. Epub 2005 Nov 18. [PubMed ]
12. Mayer B, Schumacher M, Brandstatter H, Wagner FS, Hermetter A: High-throughput fluorescence screening of antioxidative capacity in human serum. Anal Biochem. 2001 Oct 15;297(2):144-53. [PubMed ]
13. De Kanter R, De Jager MH, Draaisma AL, Jurva JU, Olinga P, Meijer DK, Groothuis GM: Drug-metabolizing activity of human and rat liver, lung, kidney and intestine slices. Xenobiotica. 2002 May;32(5):349-62. [PubMed ]
14. Ridge BD, Batt MD, Palmer HE, Jarrett A: The dansyl chloride technique for stratum corneum renewal as an indicator of changes in epidermal mitotic activity following topical treatment. Br J Dermatol. 1988 Feb;118(2):167-74. [PubMed ]
15. Koeppe RA, Frey KA, Snyder SE, Meyer P, Kilbourn MR, Kuhl DE: Kinetic modeling of N-[11C]methylpiperidin-4-yl propionate: alternatives for analysis of an irreversible positron emission tomography trace for measurement of acetylcholinesterase activity in human brain. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 1999 Oct;19(10):1150-63. [PubMed ]
16. Nguyen TB, Snyder SE, Kilbourn MR: Syntheses of carbon-11 labeled piperidine esters as potential in vivo substrates for acetylcholinesterase. Nucl Med Biol. 1998 Nov;25(8):761-8. [PubMed ]
17. Wendel U, Zass R, Leupold D: Contribution of odd-numbered fatty acid oxidation to propionate production in neonates with methylmalonic and propionic acidaemias. Eur J Pediatr. 1993 Dec;152(12):1021-3. [PubMed ]
18. Beutler KT, Pankewycz O, Brautigan DL: Equivalent uptake of organic and inorganic zinc by monkey kidney fibroblasts, human intestinal epithelial cells, or perfused mouse intestine. Biol Trace Elem Res. 1998 Jan;61(1):19-31. [PubMed ]
19. Wikipedia

1. Acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase 2-like, mitochondrial precursor
2. ACSS2 protein

1. Acetate--CoA ligase 2
2. Acetyl-CoA synthetase 2
3. Acyl- CoA synthetase short-chain family member 1

MAARTLGRGVGRLLGSLRGLSGQPARPPCGVSAPRRAASGPSGSAPAVAAAAAQPGSYPA
LSAQAAREPAAFWGPLARDTLVWDTPYHTVWDCDFSTGKIGWFLGGQLNVSVNCLDQHVR
KSPESVALIWERDEPGTEVRITYRELLETTCRLANTLKRHGVHRGDRVAIYMPVSPLAVA
AMLACARIGAVHTVIFAGFSAESLAGRINDAKCKVVITFNQGLRGGRVVELKKIVDEAVK
HCPTVQHVLVAHRTDNKVHMGDLDVPLEQEMAKEDPVCAPESMGSEDMLFMLYTSGSTGM
PKGIVHTQAGYLLYAALTHKLVFDHQPGDIFGCVADIGWITGHSYVVYGPLCNGATSVLF
ESTPVYPNAGRYWETVERLKINQFYGAPTAVRLLLKYGDAWVKKYDRSSLRTLGSVGEPI
NCEAWEWLHRVVGDSRCTLVDTWWQTETGGICIAPRPSEEGAEILPAMAMRPFFGIVPVL
MDEKGSVVEGSNVSGALCISQAWPGMARTIYGDHQRFVDAYFKAYPGYYFTGDGAYRTEG
GYYQITGRMDDVINISGHRLGTAEIEDAIADHPAVPESAVIGYPHDIKGEAAFAFIVVKD
SAGDSDVVVQELKSMVATKIAKYAVPDEILVVKRLPKTRSGKVMRRLLRKIITSEAQELG
DTTTLEDPSIIAEILSVYQKCKDKQAAAK

• Gluconeogenesis (map00010 )
• Propanoate Metabolism (map00640 )
• Pyruvate Metabolism (map00620 )

• ATP + acetate + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + acetyl-CoA

• AMP-binding (PF00501 )

• 1-22

CCAAGTGCAAGGTGGTTATCACCTTCAACCAAGGACTCCGGGGTGGGCGCGTGGTGGAGC
TGAAGAAAATAGTGGATGAGGCTGTGAAGCACTGCCCCACCGTGCAGCATGTCCTGGTGG
CTCACAGGACAGACAACAAGGTCCACATGGGGGATCTGGACGTCCCGCTGGAGCAGGAAA
TGGCCAAGGAGGACCCTGTTTGCGCCCCAGAGAGCATGGGCAGTGAGGACATGCTCTTCA
TGCTGTACACCTCAGGGAGCACCGGAATGCCCAAGGGCATCGTCCATACCCAGGCAGGCT
ACCTGCTCTATGCCGCCCTGACTCACAAGCTTGTGTTTGACCACCAGCCAGGTGACATCT
TTGGCTGTGTGGCCGACATCGGTTGGATTACAGGACACAGCTACGTGGTGTATGGGCCTC
TCTGCAATGGTGCCACCAGCGTCCTTTTTGAGAGCACCCCAGTTTATCCCAATGCTGGTC
GGTACTGGGAGACAGTAGAGAGGTTGAAGATCAATCAGTTCTATGGCGCCCCAACGGCTG
TCCGGCTGTTGCTGAAATACGGTGATGCCTGGGTGAAGAAGTATGATCGCTCCTCCCTGC
GGACCCTGGGGTCAGTGGGAGAGCCCATCAACTGTGAGGCCTGGGAGTGGCTTCACAGGG
TGGTGGGGGACAGCAGGTGCACGCTGGTGGACACCTGGTGGCAGACAGAAACAGGTGGCA
TCTGCATCGCACCACGGCCCTCGGAAGAAGGGGCGGAAATCCTCCCTGCCATGGCGATGA
GGCCCTTCTTTGGCATCGTCCCCGTCCTCATGGATGAGAAGGGCAGCGTCGTGGAGGGCA
GCAACGTCTCCGGGGCCCTGTGCATCTCCCAGGCCTGGCCGGGCATGGCCAGGACCATCT
ATGGCGACCACCAGCGATTTGTGGACGCCTACTTCAAGGCCTACCCAGGCTATTACTTCA
CTGGAGACGGGGCTTACCGAACTGAGGGCGGCTATTACCAGATCACAGGGCGGATGGATG
ATGTCATCAACATCAGTGGCCACCGGCTGGGGACCGCAGAGATTGAGGACGCCATCGCCG
ACCACCCTGCAGTACCAGAAAGTGCTGTCATTGGCTACCCCCACGACATCAAAGGAGAAG
CTGCCTTTGCCTTCATTGTGGTGAAAGATAGTGCGGGTGACTCAGATGTGGTGGTGCAGG
AGCTCAAGTCCATGGTGGCCACCAAGATCGCCAAATATGCTGTGCCTGATGAGATCCTGG
TGGTGAAACGTCTTCCAAAAACCAGGTCTGGGAAGGTCATGCGGCGGCTCCTGAGGAAGA
TCATCACTAGTGAGGCCCAGGAGCTGGGAGACACTACCACCTTGGAGGACCCCAGCATCA
TCGCAGAGATCCTGAGTGTCTACCAGAAGTGCAAGGACAAGCAGGCTGCTGCTAAGTGA

1. Deloukas P, Matthews LH, Ashurst J, Burton J, Gilbert JG, Jones M, Stavrides G, Almeida JP, Babbage AK, Bagguley CL, Bailey J, Barlow KF, Bates KN, Beard LM, Beare DM, Beasley OP, Bird CP, Blakey SE, Bridgeman AM, Brown AJ, Buck D, Burrill W, Butler AP, Carder C, Carter NP, Chapman JC, Clamp M, Clark G, Clark LN, Clark SY, Clee CM, Clegg S, Cobley VE, Collier RE, Connor R, Corby NR, Coulson A, Coville GJ, Deadman R, Dhami P, Dunn M, Ellington AG, Frankland JA, Fraser A, French L, Garner P, Grafham DV, Griffiths C, Griffiths MN, Gwilliam R, Hall RE, Hammond S, Harley JL, Heath PD, Ho S, Holden JL, Howden PJ, Huckle E, Hunt AR, Hunt SE, Jekosch K, Johnson CM, Johnson D, Kay MP, Kimberley AM, King A, Knights A, Laird GK, Lawlor S, Lehvaslaiho MH, Leversha M, Lloyd C, Lloyd DM, Lovell JD, Marsh VL, Martin SL, McConnachie LJ, McLay K, McMurray AA, Milne S, Mistry D, Moore MJ, Mullikin JC, Nickerson T, Oliver K, Parker A, Patel R, Pearce TA, Peck AI, Phillimore BJ, Prathalingam SR, Plumb RW, Ramsay H, Rice CM, Ross MT, Scott CE, Sehra HK, Shownkeen R, Sims S, Skuce CD, Smith ML, Soderlund C, Steward CA, Sulston JE, Swann M, Sycamore N, Taylor R, Tee L, Thomas DW, Thorpe A, Tracey A, Tromans AC, Vaudin M, Wall M, Wallis JM, Whitehead SL, Whittaker P, Willey DL, Williams L, Williams SA, Wilming L, Wray PW, Hubbard T, Durbin RM, Bentley DR, Beck S, Rogers J: The DNA sequence and comparative analysis of human chromosome 20. Nature. 2001 Dec 20-27;414(6866):865-71. [PubMed ]
2. Nagase T, Nakayama M, Nakajima D, Kikuno R, Ohara O: Prediction of the coding sequences of unidentified human genes. XX. The complete sequences of 100 new cDNA clones from brain which code for large proteins in vitro. DNA Res. 2001 Apr 27;8(2):85-95. [PubMed ]
3. Nakajima D, Okazaki N, Yamakawa H, Kikuno R, Ohara O, Nagase T: Construction of expression-ready cDNA clones for KIAA genes: manual curation of 330 KIAA cDNA clones. DNA Res. 2002 Jun 30;9(3):99-106. [PubMed ]

PMIPELVVAMLACARIGALHSIVFAGFSSESLCERILDSSCSLLITTDAFYRGEKLVNLK
ELADEALQKCQEKGFPVRCCIVVKHLGRAELGMGDSTSQSPPIKRSCPDVQISWNQGIDL
WWHELMQEAGDECEPEWCDAEDPLFILYTSGSTGKPKGVVHTVGGYMLYVATTFKYVFDF
HAEDVFWCTADIGWITGHSYVTYGPLANGATSVLFEGIPTYPDVNRLWSIVDKYKVTKFY
TAPTAIRLLMKFGDEPVTKHSRASLQVLGTVGEPINPEAWLWYHRVVGAQRCPIVDTFWQ
TETGGHMLTPLPGATPMKPGSATFPFFGVAPAILNESGEELEGEAEGYLVFKQPWPGIMR
TVYGNHERFETTYFKKFPGYYVTGDGCQRDQDGYYWITGRIDDMLNVSGHLLSTAEVESA
LVEHEAVAEAAVVGHPHPVKGECLYCFVTLCDGHTFSPKLTEELKKQIREKIGPIATPDY
IQNAPGLPKTRSGKIMRRVLRKIAQNDHDLGDMSTVADPSVISHLFSHRCLTIQ

• AMP-binding (PF00501 )

• None

• None

1. Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, Derge JG, Klausner RD, Collins FS, Wagner L, Shenmen CM, Schuler GD, Altschul SF, Zeeberg B, Buetow KH, Schaefer CF, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Jordan H, Moore T, Max SI, Wang J, Hsieh F, Diatchenko L, Marusina K, Farmer AA, Rubin GM, Hong L, Stapleton M, Soares MB, Bonaldo MF, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brownstein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Prange C, Raha SS, Loquellano NA, Peters GJ, Abramson RD, Mullahy SJ, Bosak SA, McEwan PJ, McKernan KJ, Malek JA, Gunaratne PH, Richards S, Worley KC, Hale S, Garcia AM, Gay LJ, Hulyk SW, Villalon DK, Muzny DM, Sodergren EJ, Lu X, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madan A, Young AC, Shevchenko Y, Bouffard GG, Blakesley RW, Touchman JW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Krzywinski MI, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Marra MA: Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 Dec 24;99(26):16899-903. Epub 2002 Dec 11. [PubMed ]