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Human Metabolome Database Version 2.5

 

Showing metabocard for Porphobilinogen (HMDB00245)

Legend: metabolite field enzyme field

Version 2.5
Creation Date 2005-11-16 15:48:42
Update Date 2009-11-25 11:09:26
Accession Number HMDB00245
Secondary Accession Numbers Not Available
Common Name Porphobilinogen
Description Porphobilinogen is a pyrrole involved in porphyrin metabolism. -- Wikipedia; It consists of a pyrrole ring with acetyl, propionyl, and aminomethyl side chains; It is a key monopyrrolic intermediate in porphyrin, chlorophyll and vitamin B12 biosynthesis. Porphobilinogen is generated by the enzyme ALA dehydratase by combining two molecules of dALA together, and converted into hydroxymethyl bilane by the enzyme porphobilinogen deaminase. 4 molecules of porphobilinogen are condensed to form one molecule of uroporphyrinogen III, which is then converted successively to coproporphyrinogen III, protoporphyrin IX, and heme. Porphobilinogen is produced in excess and excreted in the urine in acute intermittent porphyria and several other porphyrias.
Synonyms
  1. 5-(aminomethyl)-4-(carboxymethyl)-Pyrrole-3-propionate
  2. 5-(aminomethyl)-4-(carboxymethyl)-Pyrrole-3-propionic acid
  3. PBG
  4. Porphobilinogen
Chemical IUPAC Name 3-[5-(aminomethyl)-4-(carboxymethyl)-1H-pyrrol-3-yl]propanoic acid
Chemical Formula C10H14N2O4
Chemical Structure Structure
Chemical Taxonomy
Kingdom
  • Organic
Super Class
  • Amino acids and Amino Acid conjugates
Class
  • Amino Acids
Sub Class
  • NA
Family
  • Mammalian Metabolite
Species
  • primary amine
  • primary aliphatic amine (alkylamine)
  • carboxylic acid
  • aromatic compound
  • heterocyclic compound
Biofunction
  • Component of Porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism
Application
Source
  • Endogenous
Average Molecular Weight 226.229
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight 226.095352
Isomeric SMILES NCC1=C(CC(O)=O)C(CCC(O)=O)=CN1
Canonical SMILES NCC1=C(CC(O)=O)C(CCC(O)=O)=CN1
KEGG Compound ID C00931 Link Image
BioCyc ID PORPHOBILINOGEN Link Image
BiGG ID 36404 Link Image
Wikipedia Link Porphobilinogen Link Image
NuGOwiki Link HMDB00245 Link Image
Metagene Link HMDB00245 Link Image
METLIN ID 76 Link Image
PubChem Compound 1021 Link Image
PubChem Substance 153515 Link Image
ChEBI ID 17381 Link Image
CAS Registry Number 487-90-1
InChI Identifier InChI=1/C10H14N2O4/c11-4-8-7(3-10(15)16)6(5-12-8)1-2-9(13)14/h5,12H,1-4,11H2,(H,13,14)(H,15,16)
Synthesis Reference Frydman, Benjamin; Despuy, Maria E.; Rapoport, Henry. Pyrroles from azaindoles. A synthesis of porphobilinogen. Journal of the American Chemical Society (1965), 87(15), 3530-1.
Melting Point (Experimental) Not Available
Experimental Water Solubility Not Available Source: PhysProp
Predicted Water Solubility 1000.0 mg/mL at 25 oC [MEYLAN,WM et al. (1996)]; 2.72 mg/mL [Predicted by ALOGPS] Calculated using ALOGPS
Physiological Charge -1
State Solid
Experimental LogP/Hydrophobicity Not Available Source: PhysProp
Predicted LogP/Hydrophobicity -2.40 [Predicted by ALOGPS]; -1.2 [Predicted by PubChem via XLOGP]; -4.46 [MEYLAN,WM & HOWARD,PH (1995)] Calculated using ALOGPS
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)
MOL File Show
SDF File Show
PDB File Show
2D Structure
3D Structure
Experimental PDB ID Not Available
Experimental 1H NMR Spectrum Not Available
Experimental 13C NMR Spectrum Not Available
Experimental 13C HSQC Spectrum Not Available
Predicted 1H NMR Spectrum Show Image
Show Peaklist
Predicted 13C NMR Spectrum Show Image
Show Peaklist
Mass Spectrum
Low Energy
Download File
Show Experimental Conditions Link Image
Medium Energy
Download File
Show Experimental Conditions Link Image
High Energy
Download File
Show Experimental Conditions Link Image
Simplified TOCSY Spectrum Not Available
BMRB Spectrum Not Available
Cellular Location
  • Cytoplasm (Predicted from LogP)
Biofluid Location
  • Blood
  • Urine
Tissue Location
Tissue References
Erythrocyte
Liver
Concentrations (Normal)
Biofluid Blood
Value 0.066 +/- 0.067 uM
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex Both
Patient information Normal
Comments Not Available
References
  • Geigy Scientific Tables, 8th Rev edition, pp. 165-177. Edited by C. Lentner, West Cadwell, N.J.: Medical education Div., Ciba-Geigy Corp., Basel, Switzerland c1981-1992.
Biofluid Blood
Value 0.06 (0.00-0.12) uM
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex Both
Patient information Healthy individuals
Comments Not Available
References
  • Floderus Y, Sardh E, Moller C, Andersson C, Rejkjaer L, Andersson DE, Harper P: Variations in porphobilinogen and 5-aminolevulinic acid concentrations in plasma and urine from asymptomatic carriers of the acute intermittent porphyria gene with increased porphyrin precursor excretion. Clin Chem. 2006 Apr;52(4):701-7. Epub 2006 Feb 23. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid Urine
Value <=0.579 umol/mmol creatinine
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex Both
Patient information Normal
Comments Not Available
References
  • Merck Manual
Biofluid Urine
Value 0.31 +/- 0.13 umol/mmol creatinine
Age Children:1-13 yrs old
Sex Both
Patient information Normal
Comments Not Available
References
  • Geigy Scientific Tables, 8th Rev edition, pp. 165-177. Edited by Cornelius Lentner.
  • West Cadwell, N.J. : Medical education Div., Ciba-Geigy Corp.
  • Basel, Switzerland c1981-1992.
Biofluid Urine
Value 0.29 +/- 0.14 umol/mmol creatinine
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex Both
Patient information Normal
Comments Not Available
References
  • Geigy Scientific Tables, 8th Rev edition, pp. 165-177. Edited by Cornelius Lentner.
  • West Cadwell, N.J. : Medical education Div., Ciba-Geigy Corp.
  • Basel, Switzerland c1981-1992.
Concentrations (Abnormal)
Biofluid Blood
Value 3.1 +/- 1.0 uM
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex Both
Condition Porphyria
Comments Acute intermittent porphyria gene carriers n=10 (5 men and 5 women)
References
  • Floderus Y, Sardh E, Moller C, Andersson C, Rejkjaer L, Andersson DE, Harper P: Variations in porphobilinogen and 5-aminolevulinic acid concentrations in plasma and urine from asymptomatic carriers of the acute intermittent porphyria gene with increased porphyrin precursor excretion. Clin Chem. 2006 Apr;52(4):701-7. Epub 2006 Feb 23. [PubMed Link Image]
Associated Disorders
Condition References
Porphyria
  • Floderus Y, Sardh E, Moller C, Andersson C, Rejkjaer L, Andersson DE, Harper P: Variations in porphobilinogen and 5-aminolevulinic acid concentrations in plasma and urine from asymptomatic carriers of the acute intermittent porphyria gene with increased porphyrin precursor excretion. Clin Chem. 2006 Apr;52(4):701-7. Epub 2006 Feb 23. [PubMed Link Image]
OMIM ID Not Available
Pathways
Name SMPDB Link KEGG Link
Porphyrin Metabolism SMP00024 Link Image map00860 Link Image
General References
  1. Dhar GJ, Bossenmaier I, Petryka ZJ, Cardinal R, Watson CJ: Effects of hematin in hepatic porphyria. Further studies. Ann Intern Med. 1975 Jul;83(1):20-30. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Ivanov E, Pisanets M: Studies on the biosynthesis of porphyrins in erythrocytes after incubation with delta-aminolevulinic acid: an attempt to investigate the pathogenesis of nephrogenic anemia. Acta Biol Med Ger. 1982;41(4):307-13. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Ellencweig N, Schoenfeld N, Zemishlany Z: Acute intermittent porphyria: psychosis as the only clinical manifestation. Isr J Psychiatry Relat Sci. 2006;43(1):52-6. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Buchet JP, Lauwerys R, Hassoun A, Dratwa M, Wens R, Collart F, Tielemans C: Effect of aluminum on porphyrin metabolism in hemodialyzed patients. Nephron. 1987;46(4):360-3. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Tishler PV, Woodward B, O'Connor J, Holbrook DA, Seidman LJ, Hallett M, Knighton DJ: High prevalence of intermittent acute porphyria in a psychiatric patient population. Am J Psychiatry. 1985 Dec;142(12):1430-6. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Hsiao KJ, Lee FY, Wu SJ, Chang WJ: Determination of erythrocyte porphobilinogen deaminase activity using porphobilinogen as substrate. Clin Chim Acta. 1987 Sep 30;168(2):257-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  7. Evans J, Lefkowitch J, Lim CK, Billing B: Fecal porphyrin abnormalities in a patient with features of Rotor's syndrome. Gastroenterology. 1981 Dec;81(6):1125-30. [PubMed Link Image]
  8. Sassa S, Solish G, Levere RD, Kappas A: Studies in porphyria. IV. Expression of the gene defect of acute intermittent porphyria in cultured human skin fibroblasts and amniotic cells: prenatal diagnosis of the porphyric trait. J Exp Med. 1975 Sep 1;142(3):722-31. [PubMed Link Image]
  9. Ford RE, Ou CN, Ellefson RD: Assay for erythrocyte uroporphyrinogen I synthase activity, with porphobilinogen as substrate. Clin Chem. 1980 Jul;26(8):1182-5. [PubMed Link Image]
  10. Shiue JW, Lee FY, Hsiao KJ, Tsai YT, Lee SD, Wu SJ: Abnormal thyroid function and hypercholesterolemia in a case of acute intermittent porphyria. Taiwan Yi Xue Hui Za Zhi. 1989 Jul;88(7):729-31. [PubMed Link Image]
  11. Mustajoki P: Normal erythrocyte uroporphyrinogen I synthase in a kindred with acute intermittent porphyria. Ann Intern Med. 1981 Aug;95(2):162-6. [PubMed Link Image]
  12. Wikipedia Link Image
Metabolic Enzymes
  1. Porphobilinogen deaminase
  2. Delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase
  3. CDNA FLJ16678 fis, clone TLIVE2002046, highly similar to DELTA- AMINOLEVULINIC ACID DEHYDRATASE
  4. cDNA FLJ76077, highly similar to Homo sapiens hydroxymethylbilane synthase
  5. cDNA FLJ78014, highly similar to Homo sapiens aminolevulinate, delta-, dehydratase (ALAD), transcript variant 1, mRNA
Enzyme 1 [top]
Enzyme 1 ID 5594
Enzyme 1 Name Porphobilinogen deaminase
Enzyme 1 Synonyms
  1. Hydroxymethylbilane synthase
  2. HMBS
  3. Pre-uroporphyrinogen synthase
  4. PBG-D
Enzyme 1 Gene Name HMBS
Enzyme 1 Protein Sequence >Porphobilinogen deaminase
MSGNGNAAATAEENSPKMRVIRVGTRKSQLARIQTDSVVATLKASYPGLQFEIIAMSTTG
DKILDTALSKIGEKSLFTKELEHALEKNEVDLVVHSLKDLPTVLPPGFTIGAICKRENPH
DAVVFHPKFVGKTLETLPEKSVVGTSSLRRAAQLQRKFPHLEFRSIRGNLNTRLRKLDEQ
QEFSAIILATAGLQRMGWHNRVGQILHPEECMYAVGQGALGVEVRAKDQDILDLVGVLHD
PETLLRCIAERAFLRHLEGGCSVPVAVHTAMKDGQLYLTGGVWSLDGSDSIQETMQATIH
VPAQHEDGPEDDPQLVGITARNIPRGPQLAAQNLGISLANLLLSKGAKNILDVARQLNDA
H
Enzyme 1 Number of Residues 361
Enzyme 1 Molecular Weight 39331
Enzyme 1 Theoretical pI 7.19
Enzyme 1 GO Classification
Function
  • catalytic activity
  • hydroxymethylbilane synthase activity
  • transferase activity
  • transferase activity, transferring alkyl or aryl (other than methyl) groups
Process
  • cellular metabolism
  • heterocycle metabolism
  • metabolism
  • physiological process
  • porphyrin biosynthesis
  • porphyrin metabolism
Component
Enzyme 1 General Function Coenzyme transport and metabolism
Enzyme 1 Specific Function Tetrapolymerization of the monopyrrole PBG into the hydroxymethylbilane pre-uroporphyrinogen in several discrete steps
Enzyme 1 Pathways
Enzyme 1 Reactions
  • 4 porphobilinogen + H2O = hydroxymethylbilane + 4 NH3
Enzyme 1 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 1 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 1 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 1 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 1 GenBank ID Protein 35307 Link Image
Enzyme 1 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P08397 Link Image
Enzyme 1 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name HEM3_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 1 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 1 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 1 Gene Sequence >1035 bp
ATGAGAGTGATTCGCGTGGGTACCCGCAAGAGCCAGCTTGCTCGCATACAGACGGACAGT
GTGGTGGCAACATTGAAAGCCTCGTACCCTGGCCTGCAGTTTGAAATCATTGCTATGTCC
ACCACAGGGGACAAGATTCTTGATACTGCACTCTCTAAGATTGGAGAGAAAAGCCTGTTT
ACCAAGGAGCTTGAACATGCCCTGGAGAAGAATGAAGTGGACCTGGTTGTTCACTCCTTG
AAGGACCTGCCCACTGTGCTTCCTCCTGGCTTCACCATCGGAGCCATCTGCAAGCGGGAA
AACCCTCATGATGCTGTTGTCTTTCACCCAAAATTTGTTGGGAAGACCCTAGAAACCCTG
CCAGAGAAGAGTGTGGTGGGAACCAGCTCCCTGCGAAGAGCAGCCCAGCTGCAGAGAAAG
TTCCCGCATCTGGAGTTCAGGAGTATTCGGGGAAACCTCAACACCCGGCTTCGGAAGCTG
GACGAGCAGCAGGAGTTCAGTGCCATCATCCTAGCAACAGCTGGCCTGCAGCGCATGGGC
TGGCACAACCGGGTTGGGCAGATCCTGCACCCTGAGGAATGCATGTATGCTGTGGGCCAG
GGGGCCTTGGGCGTGGAAGTGCGAGCCAAGGACCAGGACATCTTGGATCTGGTGGGTGTG
CTGCACGATCCCGAGACTCTGCTTCGCTGCATCGCTGAAAGGGCCTTCCTGAGGCACCTG
GAAGGAGGCTGCAGTGTGCCAGTAGCCGTGCATACAGCTATGAAGGATGGGCAACTGTAC
CTGACTGGAGGAGTCTGGAGTCTAGACGGCTCAGATAGCATACAAGAGACCATGCAGGCT
ACCATCCATGTCCCTGCCCAGCATGAAGATGGCCCTGAGGATGACCCACAGTTGGTAGGC
ATCACTGCTCGTAACATTCCACGAGGGCCCCAGTTGGCTGCCCAGAACTTGGGCATCAGC
CTGGCCAACTTGTTGCTGAGCAAAGGAGCCAAAACCATCCTGGATGTTGCACGGCAGCTT
AACGATGCCCATTAA
Enzyme 1 GenBank Gene ID X04217 Link Image
Enzyme 1 GeneCard ID HMBS Link Image
Enzyme 1 GenAtlas ID HMBS Link Image
Enzyme 1 HGNC ID HGNC:4982 Link Image
Enzyme 1 Chromosome Location 11
Enzyme 1 Locus 11q23.3
Enzyme 1 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 1 General References
  1. Raich N, Romeo PH, Dubart A, Beaupain D, Cohen-Solal M, Goossens M: Molecular cloning and complete primary sequence of human erythrocyte porphobilinogen deaminase. Nucleic Acids Res. 1986 Aug 11;14(15):5955-68. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Grandchamp B, De Verneuil H, Beaumont C, Chretien S, Walter O, Nordmann Y: Tissue-specific expression of porphobilinogen deaminase. Two isoenzymes from a single gene. Eur J Biochem. 1987 Jan 2;162(1):105-10. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Yoo HW, Warner CA, Chen CH, Desnick RJ: Hydroxymethylbilane synthase: complete genomic sequence and amplifiable polymorphisms in the human gene. Genomics. 1993 Jan;15(1):21-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Chretien S, Dubart A, Beaupain D, Raich N, Grandchamp B, Rosa J, Goossens M, Romeo PH: Alternative transcription and splicing of the human porphobilinogen deaminase gene result either in tissue-specific or in housekeeping expression. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Jan;85(1):6-10. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Lannfelt L, Wetterberg L, Lilius L, Thunell S, Jornvall H, Pavlu B, Wielburski A, Gellerfors P: Porphobilinogen deaminase in human erythrocytes: purification of two forms with apparent molecular weights of 40 kDa and 42 kDa. Scand J Clin Lab Invest. 1989 Nov;49(7):677-84. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Astrin KH, Desnick RJ: Molecular basis of acute intermittent porphyria: mutations and polymorphisms in the human hydroxymethylbilane synthase gene. Hum Mutat. 1994;4(4):243-52. [PubMed Link Image]
  7. Delfau MH, Picat C, de Rooij FW, Hamer K, Bogard M, Wilson JH, Deybach JC, Nordmann Y, Grandchamp B: Two different point G to A mutations in exon 10 of the porphobilinogen deaminase gene are responsible for acute intermittent porphyria. J Clin Invest. 1990 Nov;86(5):1511-6. [PubMed Link Image]
  8. Delfau MH, Picat C, De Rooij F, Voortman G, Deybach JC, Nordmann Y, Grandchamp B: Molecular heterogeneity of acute intermittent porphyria: identification of four additional mutations resulting in the CRIM-negative subtype of the disease. Am J Hum Genet. 1991 Aug;49(2):421-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  9. Gu XF, de Rooij F, Voortman G, Te Velde K, Nordmann Y, Grandchamp B: High frequency of mutations in exon 10 of the porphobilinogen deaminase gene in patients with a CRIM-positive subtype of acute intermittent porphyria. Am J Hum Genet. 1992 Sep;51(3):660-5. [PubMed Link Image]
  10. Mgone CS, Lanyon WG, Moore MR, Connor JM: Detection of seven point mutations in the porphobilinogen deaminase gene in patients with acute intermittent porphyria, by direct sequencing of in vitro amplified cDNA. Hum Genet. 1992 Sep-Oct;90(1-2):12-6. [PubMed Link Image]
  11. Kauppinen R, Peltonen L, Pihlaja H, Mustajoki P: CRIM-positive mutations of acute intermittent porphyria in Finland. Hum Mutat. 1992;1(5):392-6. [PubMed Link Image]
  12. Mgone CS, Lanyon WG, Moore MR, Louie GV, Connor JM: Detection of a high mutation frequency in exon 12 of the porphobilinogen deaminase gene in patients with acute intermittent porphyria. Hum Genet. 1993 Dec;92(6):619-22. [PubMed Link Image]
  13. Llewellyn DH, Whatley S, Elder GH: Acute intermittent porphyria caused by an arginine to histidine substitution (R26H) in the cofactor-binding cleft of porphobilinogen deaminase. Hum Mol Genet. 1993 Aug;2(8):1315-6. [PubMed Link Image]
  14. Gu XF, de Rooij F, de Baar E, Bruyland M, Lissens W, Nordmann Y, Grandchamp B: Two novel mutations of the porphobilinogen deaminase gene in acute intermittent porphyria. Hum Mol Genet. 1993 Oct;2(10):1735-6. [PubMed Link Image]
  15. Gu XF, de Rooij F, Voortman G, Te Velde K, Deybach JC, Nordmann Y, Grandchamp B: Detection of eleven mutations causing acute intermittent porphyria using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. Hum Genet. 1994 Jan;93(1):47-52. [PubMed Link Image]
  16. Lundin G, Wedell A, Thunell S, Anvret M: Two new mutations in the porphobilinogen deaminase gene and a screening method using PCR amplification of specific alleles. Hum Genet. 1994 Jan;93(1):59-62. [PubMed Link Image]
  17. Mgone CS, Lanyon WG, Moore MR, Louie GV, Connor JM: Identification of five novel mutations in the porphobilinogen deaminase gene. Hum Mol Genet. 1994 May;3(5):809-11. [PubMed Link Image]
  18. Chen CH, Astrin KH, Lee G, Anderson KE, Desnick RJ: Acute intermittent porphyria: identification and expression of exonic mutations in the hydroxymethylbilane synthase gene. An initiation codon missense mutation in the housekeeping transcript causes &quot;variant acute intermittent porphyria&quot; with normal expression of the erythroid-specific enzyme. J Clin Invest. 1994 Nov;94(5):1927-37. [PubMed Link Image]
  19. Kauppinen R, Mustajoki S, Pihlaja H, Peltonen L, Mustajoki P: Acute intermittent porphyria in Finland: 19 mutations in the porphobilinogen deaminase gene. Hum Mol Genet. 1995 Feb;4(2):215-22. [PubMed Link Image]
  20. Lundin G, Hashemi J, Floderus Y, Thunell S, Sagen E, Laegreid A, Wassif W, Peters T, Anvret M: Four mutations in the porphobilinogen deaminase gene in patients with acute intermittent porphyria. J Med Genet. 1995 Dec;32(12):979-81. [PubMed Link Image]
  21. Puy H, Deybach JC, Lamoril J, Robreau AM, Da Silva V, Gouya L, Grandchamp B, Nordmann Y: Molecular epidemiology and diagnosis of PBG deaminase gene defects in acute intermittent porphyria. Am J Hum Genet. 1997 Jun;60(6):1373-83. [PubMed Link Image]
  22. Lundin G, Lee JS, Thunell S, Anvret M: Genetic investigation of the porphobilinogen deaminase gene in Swedish acute intermittent porphyria families. Hum Genet. 1997 Jul;100(1):63-6. [PubMed Link Image]
  23. Mustajoki S, Pihlaja H, Ahola H, Petersen NE, Mustajoki P, Kauppinen R: Three splicing defects, an insertion, and two missense mutations responsible for acute intermittent porphyria. Hum Genet. 1998 May;102(5):541-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  24. Ong PM, Lanyon WG, Hift RJ, Halkett J, Cramp CE, Moore MR, Connor JM: Identification of two novel mutations in the hydroxymethylbilane synthase gene in three patients from two unrelated families with acute intermittent porphyria. Hum Hered. 1998 Jan-Feb;48(1):24-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  25. De Siervi A, Rossetti MV, Parera VE, Astrin KH, Aizencang GI, Glass IA, Batlle AM, Desnick RJ: Identification and characterization of hydroxymethylbilane synthase mutations causing acute intermittent porphyria: evidence for an ancestral founder of the common G111R mutation. Am J Med Genet. 1999 Oct 8;86(4):366-75. [PubMed Link Image]
  26. Whatley SD, Woolf JR, Elder GH: Comparison of complementary and genomic DNA sequencing for the detection of mutations in the HMBS gene in British patients with acute intermittent porphyria: identification of 25 novel mutations. Hum Genet. 1999 Jun;104(6):505-10. [PubMed Link Image]
  27. De Siervi A, Mendez M, Parera VE, Varela L, Batlle AM, Rossetti MV: Acute intermittent porphyria: characterization of two novel mutations in the porphobilinogen deaminase gene, one amino acid deletion (453-455delAGC) and one splicing aceptor site mutation (IVS8-1G&gt;T). Hum Mutat. 1999 Oct;14(4):355. [PubMed Link Image]
  28. Gross U, Puy H, Doss M, Robreau AM, Nordmann Y, Doss MO, Deybach JC: New mutations of the hydroxymethylbilane synthase gene in German patients with acute intermittent porphyria. Mol Cell Probes. 1999 Dec;13(6):443-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  29. Robreau-Fraolini AM, Puy H, Aquaron C, Bogard C, Traore M, Nordmann Y, Aquaron R, Deybach JC: Porphobilinogen deaminase gene in African and Afro-Caribbean ethnic groups: mutations causing acute intermittent porphyria and specific intragenic polymorphisms. Hum Genet. 2000 Aug;107(2):150-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  30. Schneider-Yin X, Bogard C, Rufenacht UB, Puy H, Nordmann Y, Minder EI, Deybach J: Identification of a prevalent nonsense mutation (W283X) and two novel mutations in the porphobilinogen deaminase gene of Swiss patients with acute intermittent porphyria. Hum Hered. 2000 Jul-Aug;50(4):247-50. [PubMed Link Image]
  31. De Siervi A, Weiss Cadiz DE, Parera VE, del C Batlle AM, Rossetti MV: Identification and characterization of two novel mutations that produce acute intermittent porphyria: A 3-base deletion (841-843delGGA) and a missense mutation (T35M). Hum Mutat. 2000 Oct;16(4):373. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 1 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 2 [top]
Enzyme 2 ID 6349
Enzyme 2 Name Delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase
Enzyme 2 Synonyms
  1. Porphobilinogen synthase
  2. ALADH
Enzyme 2 Gene Name ALAD
Enzyme 2 Protein Sequence >Delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase
MQPQSVLHSGYFHPLLRAWQTATTTLNASNLIYPIFVTDVPDDIQPITSLPGVARYGVKR
LEEMLRPLVEEGLRCVLIFGVPSRVPKDERGSAADSEESPAIEAIHLLRKTFPNLLVACD
VCLCPYTSHGHCGLLSENGAFRAEESRQRLAEVALAYAKAGCQVVAPSDMMDGRVEAIKE
ALMAHGLGNRVSVMSYSAKFASCFYGPFRDAAKSSPAFGDRRCYQLPPGARGLALRAVDR
DVREGADMLMVKPGMPYLDIVREVKDKHPDLPLAVYHVSGEFAMLWHGAQAGAFDLKAAV
LEAMTAFRRAGADIIITYYTPQLLQWLKEE
Enzyme 2 Number of Residues 330
Enzyme 2 Molecular Weight 36295
Enzyme 2 Theoretical pI 6.78
Enzyme 2 GO Classification
Function
  • carbon-oxygen lyase activity
  • catalytic activity
  • hydro-lyase activity
  • lyase activity
  • porphobilinogen synthase activity
Process
  • cellular metabolism
  • heme biosynthesis
  • heterocycle metabolism
  • metabolism
  • physiological process
  • porphyrin biosynthesis
  • porphyrin metabolism
Component
Enzyme 2 General Function Coenzyme transport and metabolism
Enzyme 2 Specific Function 2 5-aminolevulinate = porphobilinogen + 2 H(2)O
Enzyme 2 Pathways
Enzyme 2 Reactions
  • 2 5-aminolevulinate = porphobilinogen + 2 H2O
Enzyme 2 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 2 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 2 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 2 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 2 GenBank ID Protein 178329 Link Image
Enzyme 2 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P13716 Link Image
Enzyme 2 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name HEM2_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 2 PDB ID 1E51 Link Image
Enzyme 2 PDB File Show
Enzyme 2 3D Structure
Enzyme 2 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 2 Gene Sequence >993 bp
ATGCAGCCCCAGTCCGTTCTGCACAGCGGCTACTTCCACCCACTACTTCGGGCCTGGCAG
ACAGCCACCACCACCCTCAATGCCTCCAACCTCATCTACCCCATCTTTGTCACGGATGTT
CCTGATGACATACAGCCTATCACCAGCCTCCCAGGAGTGGCCAGGTATGGTGTGAAGCGG
CTGGAAGAGATGCTGAGGCCCTTGGTGGAAGAGGGCCTACGCTGTGTCTTGATCTTTGGC
GTCCCCAGCAGAGTTCCCAAGGACGAGCGGGGTTCCGCAGCTGACTCCGAGGAGTCCCCA
GCTATTGAGGCAATCCATCTGTTGAGGAAGACCTTCCCCAACCTCCTGGTGGCCTGTGAT
GTCTGCCTGTGTCCCTACACCTCCCATGGTCACTGCGGGCTCCTGAGTGAAAACGGAGCA
TTCCGGGCTGAGGAGAGCCGCCAGCGGCTGGCTGAGGTGGCATTGGCGTATGCCAAGGCA
GGATGTCAGGTGGTAGCCCCGTCGGACATGATGGATGGACGCGTGGAAGCCATCAAAGAG
GCCCTGATGGCACATGGACTTGGCAACAGGGTATCGGTGATGAGCTACAGTGCCAAATTT
GCTTCCTGTTTCTATGGCCCTTTCCGGGATGCAGCTAAGTCAAGCCCAGCTTTTGGGGAC
CGCCGCTGCTACCAGCTGCCCCCTGGAGCACGAGGCCTGGCTCTCCGAGCTGTGGACCGG
GATGTACGGGAAGGAGCTGACATGCTCATGGTGAAGCCGGGAATGCCCTACCTGGACATC
GTGCGGGAGGTAAAGGACAAGCACCCTGACCTCCCTCTCGCCGTGTACCACGTCTCTGGA
GAGTTTGCCATGCTGTGGCATGGAGCCCAGGCCGGGGCATTTGATCTCAAGGCTGCCGTA
CTGGAGGCCATGACTGCCTTCCGCAGAGCAGGTGCTGACATCATCATCACCTACTACACA
CCGCAGCTGCTGCAGTGGCTGAAGGAGGAATGA
Enzyme 2 GenBank Gene ID M13928 Link Image
Enzyme 2 GeneCard ID ALAD Link Image
Enzyme 2 GenAtlas ID ALAD Link Image
Enzyme 2 HGNC ID HGNC:395 Link Image
Enzyme 2 Chromosome Location 9
Enzyme 2 Locus 9q33.1
Enzyme 2 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 2 General References
  1. Wetmur JG, Bishop DF, Cantelmo C, Desnick RJ: Human delta-aminolevulinate dehydratase: nucleotide sequence of a full-length cDNA clone. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Oct;83(20):7703-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Astrin KH, Kaya AH, Wetmur JG, Desnick RJ: RsaI polymorphism in the human delta-aminolevulinate dehydratase gene at 9q34. Nucleic Acids Res. 1991 Aug 11;19(15):4307. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Gevaert K, Goethals M, Martens L, Van Damme J, Staes A, Thomas GR, Vandekerckhove J: Exploring proteomes and analyzing protein processing by mass spectrometric identification of sorted N-terminal peptides. Nat Biotechnol. 2003 May;21(5):566-9. Epub 2003 Mar 31. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Gibbs PN, Jordan PM: Identification of lysine at the active site of human 5-aminolaevulinate dehydratase. Biochem J. 1986 Jun 1;236(2):447-51. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Wetmur JG, Kaya AH, Plewinska M, Desnick RJ: Molecular characterization of the human delta-aminolevulinate dehydratase 2 (ALAD2) allele: implications for molecular screening of individuals for genetic susceptibility to lead poisoning. Am J Hum Genet. 1991 Oct;49(4):757-63. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Plewinska M, Thunell S, Holmberg L, Wetmur JG, Desnick RJ: delta-Aminolevulinate dehydratase deficient porphyria: identification of the molecular lesions in a severely affected homozygote. Am J Hum Genet. 1991 Jul;49(1):167-74. [PubMed Link Image]
  7. Ishida N, Fujita H, Fukuda Y, Noguchi T, Doss M, Kappas A, Sassa S: Cloning and expression of the defective genes from a patient with delta-aminolevulinate dehydratase porphyria. J Clin Invest. 1992 May;89(5):1431-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  8. Akagi R, Yasui Y, Harper P, Sassa S: A novel mutation of delta-aminolaevulinate dehydratase in a healthy child with 12% erythrocyte enzyme activity. Br J Haematol. 1999 Sep;106(4):931-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  9. Akagi R, Shimizu R, Furuyama K, Doss MO, Sassa S: Novel molecular defects of the delta-aminolevulinate dehydratase gene in a patient with inherited acute hepatic porphyria. Hepatology. 2000 Mar;31(3):704-8. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 2 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 3 [top]
Enzyme 3 ID 13082
Enzyme 3 Name CDNA FLJ16678 fis, clone TLIVE2002046, highly similar to DELTA- AMINOLEVULINIC ACID DEHYDRATASE
Enzyme 3 Synonyms Not Available
Enzyme 3 Gene Name Not Available
Enzyme 3 Protein Sequence >CDNA FLJ16678 fis, clone TLIVE2002046, highly similar to DELTA- AMINOLEVULINIC ACID DEHYDRATASE
MPPTSSTPSLSRPGLGQAGKPDTGSHPPPTISTSIFLSCFPTIPLSRPRTTGPSHSYQSI
SHPRSCRDVPDDIQPITSLPGVARYGVKRLEEMLRPLVEEGLRCVLIFGVPSRVPKDERG
SAADSEESPAIEAIHLLRKTFPNLLVACDVCLCPYTSHGHCGLLSENGAFRAEESRQRLA
EVALAYAKAGCQVVAPSDMMDGRVEAIKEALMAHGLGNRVSVMSYSAKFASCFYGPFRDA
AKSSPAFGDRRCYQLPPGARGLALRAVDRDVREGADMLMVKPGMLYLDIVREVKDKHPDL
PLAVYHVSGEFAMLWHGAQAGAFDLKAAVLEAMTAFRRAGADIIITYYTPQLLQWLKEE
Enzyme 3 Number of Residues 359
Enzyme 3 Molecular Weight 39050
Enzyme 3 Theoretical pI 7.72
Enzyme 3 GO Classification
Function
  • carbon-oxygen lyase activity
  • catalytic activity
  • hydro-lyase activity
  • lyase activity
  • porphobilinogen synthase activity
Process
  • cellular metabolism
  • heme biosynthesis
  • heterocycle metabolism
  • metabolism
  • physiological process
  • porphyrin biosynthesis
  • porphyrin metabolism
Component
Enzyme 3 General Function Coenzyme transport and metabolism
Enzyme 3 Specific Function 2 5-aminolevulinate = porphobilinogen + 2 H(2)O
Enzyme 3 Pathways
Enzyme 3 Reactions
  • 2 5-aminolevulinate = porphobilinogen + 2 H2O [RN:R00036] ALL_REAC R00036
Enzyme 3 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 3 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 3 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 3 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 3 GenBank ID Protein 47077495 Link Image
Enzyme 3 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID Q6ZMU0 Link Image
Enzyme 3 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name Q6ZMU0_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 3 PDB ID 1E51 Link Image
Enzyme 3 PDB File Show
Enzyme 3 3D Structure
Enzyme 3 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 3 Gene Sequence Not Available
Enzyme 3 GenBank Gene ID AK131490 Link Image
Enzyme 3 GeneCard ID Q6ZMU0 Link Image
Enzyme 3 GenAtlas ID Not Available
Enzyme 3 HGNC ID HGNC:395 Link Image
Enzyme 3 Chromosome Location Not Available
Enzyme 3 Locus Not Available
Enzyme 3 SNPs Not Available
Enzyme 3 General References Not Available
Enzyme 3 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 4 [top]
Enzyme 4 ID 13087
Enzyme 4 Name cDNA FLJ76077, highly similar to Homo sapiens hydroxymethylbilane synthase
Enzyme 4 Synonyms
  1. HMBS, mRNA
  2. Hydroxymethylbilane synthase, isoform CRA_a
Enzyme 4 Gene Name HMBS
Enzyme 4 Protein Sequence >cDNA FLJ76077, highly similar to Homo sapiens hydroxymethylbilane synthase
MSGNGNAAATAEENSPKMRVIRVGTRKSQLARIQTDSVVATLKASYPGLQFEIIAMSTTG
DKILDTALSKIGEKSLFTKELEHALEKNEVDLVVHSLKDLPTVLPPGFTIGAICKRENPH
DAVVFHPKFVGKTLETLPEKSVVGTSSLRRAAQLQRKFPHLEFRSIRGNLNTRLRKLDEQ
QEFSAIILATAGLQRMGWHNRVGQILHPEECMYAVGQGALGVEVRAKDQDILDLVGVLHD
PETLLRCIAERAFLRHLEGGCSVPVAVHTAMKDGQLYLTGGVWSLDGSDSIQETMQATIH
VPAQHEDGPEDDPQLVGITARNIPRGPQLAAQNLGISLANLLLSKGAKNILDVARQLNDA
H
Enzyme 4 Number of Residues 361
Enzyme 4 Molecular Weight 39331
Enzyme 4 Theoretical pI 7.19
Enzyme 4 GO Classification Not Available
Enzyme 4 General Function Coenzyme transport and metabolism
Enzyme 4 Specific Function Not Available
Enzyme 4 Pathways Not Available
Enzyme 4 Reactions Not Available
Enzyme 4 Pfam Domain Function Not Available
Enzyme 4 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 4 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 4 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 4 GenBank ID Protein 158261573 Link Image
Enzyme 4 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID A8K2L0 Link Image
Enzyme 4 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name A8K2L0_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 4 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 4 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 4 Gene Sequence Not Available
Enzyme 4 GenBank Gene ID AK290275 Link Image
Enzyme 4 GeneCard ID A8K2L0 Link Image
Enzyme 4 GenAtlas ID Not Available
Enzyme 4 HGNC ID Not Available
Enzyme 4 Chromosome Location Not Available
Enzyme 4 Locus Not Available
Enzyme 4 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 4 General References Not Available
Enzyme 4 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 5 [top]
Enzyme 5 ID 15248
Enzyme 5 Name cDNA FLJ78014, highly similar to Homo sapiens aminolevulinate, delta-, dehydratase (ALAD), transcript variant 1, mRNA
Enzyme 5 Synonyms Not Available
Enzyme 5 Gene Name Not Available
Enzyme 5 Protein Sequence >cDNA FLJ78014, highly similar to Homo sapiens aminolevulinate, delta-, dehydratase (ALAD), transcript variant 1, mRNA
MPPTSSTPSLSRPGLGQAGKPDTGSHPPPTISTSIFLSCFPTIPLSRPRTTGPSHSYQSI
SHPRSCRDVPDDIQPITSLPGVARYGVKRLEEMLRPLVEEGLRCVLIFGVPSRVPKDERG
SAADSEESPAIEAIHLLRKTFPNLLVACDVCLCPYTSHGHCGLLSENGAFRAEESRQRLA
EVALAYAKAGCQVVAPSDMMDGRVEAIKEALMAHGLGNRVSVMSYSAKFASCFYGPFRDA
AKSSPAFGDRRCYQLPPGARGLALRAVDRDVREGADMLMVKPGMPYLDIVREVKDKHPDL
PLAVYHVSGEFAMLWHGAQAGAFDLKAAVLEAMTAFRRAGADIIITYYTPQLLQWLKEE
Enzyme 5 Number of Residues 359
Enzyme 5 Molecular Weight 39034
Enzyme 5 Theoretical pI 7.72
Enzyme 5 GO Classification Not Available
Enzyme 5 General Function Coenzyme transport and metabolism
Enzyme 5 Specific Function Not Available
Enzyme 5 Pathways Not Available
Enzyme 5 Reactions Not Available
Enzyme 5 Pfam Domain Function Not Available
Enzyme 5 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 5 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 5 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 5 GenBank ID Protein 158254412 Link Image
Enzyme 5 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID A8K375 Link Image
Enzyme 5 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name A8K375_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 5 PDB ID 1E51 Link Image
Enzyme 5 PDB File Show
Enzyme 5 3D Structure
Enzyme 5 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 5 Gene Sequence >1080 bp
ATGCCTCCAACCTCATCTACCCCATCTTTGTCACGCCCTGGGCTTGGCCAGGCAGGGAAG
CCAGACACTGGATCCCATCCTCCTCCCACCATCTCCACTTCCATATTTCTTTCCTGCTTC
CCAACCATCCCTCTCAGTCGCCCCCGCACCACTGGCCCTTCCCACAGCTACCAATCCATA
TCCCACCCCCGCTCTTGCAGGGATGTTCCTGATGACATACAGCCTATCACCAGCCTCCCA
GGAGTGGCCAGGTATGGTGTGAAGCGGCTGGAAGAGATGCTGAGGCCCTTGGTGGAAGAG
GGCCTACGCTGTGTCTTGATCTTTGGCGTCCCCAGCAGAGTTCCCAAGGACGAGCGGGGT
TCCGCAGCTGACTCCGAGGAGTCCCCAGCTATTGAGGCAATCCATCTGTTGAGGAAGACC
TTCCCCAACCTCCTGGTGGCCTGTGATGTCTGCCTGTGTCCCTACACCTCCCATGGTCAC
TGCGGGCTCCTGAGTGAAAACGGAGCATTCCGGGCTGAGGAGAGCCGCCAGCGGCTGGCT
GAGGTGGCATTGGCGTATGCCAAGGCAGGATGTCAGGTGGTAGCCCCGTCGGACATGATG
GATGGACGCGTGGAAGCCATCAAAGAGGCCCTGATGGCACATGGACTTGGCAACAGGGTA
TCGGTGATGAGCTACAGTGCCAAATTTGCTTCCTGTTTCTATGGCCCTTTCCGGGATGCA
GCTAAGTCAAGCCCAGCTTTTGGGGACCGCCGCTGCTACCAGCTGCCCCCTGGAGCACGA
GGCCTGGCTCTCCGAGCTGTGGACCGGGATGTACGGGAAGGAGCTGACATGCTCATGGTG
AAGCCGGGAATGCCCTACCTGGACATCGTGCGGGAGGTAAAGGACAAGCACCCTGACCTC
CCTCTCGCCGTGTACCACGTCTCTGGAGAGTTTGCCATGCTGTGGCATGGAGCCCAGGCC
GGGGCATTTGATCTCAAGGCTGCCGTACTGGAGGCCATGACTGCCTTCCGCAGAGCAGGT
GCTGACATCATCATCACCTACTACACACCGCAGCTGCTGCAGTGGCTGAAGGAGGAATGA
Enzyme 5 GenBank Gene ID AK290490 Link Image
Enzyme 5 GeneCard ID A8K375 Link Image
Enzyme 5 GenAtlas ID Not Available
Enzyme 5 HGNC ID Not Available
Enzyme 5 Chromosome Location Not Available
Enzyme 5 Locus Not Available
Enzyme 5 SNPs Not Available
Enzyme 5 General References Not Available
Enzyme 5 Metabolite References Not Available