1. (-)-Sorbitol
2. Cystosol
3. D-Glucitol
4. D-Sorbitol
5. D-Sorbol
6. Diakarmon
7. Esasorb
8. Foodol D 70
9. Glucarine
10. Glucitol
11. Karion
12. Karion instant
13. Kyowa Powder 50M
14. L-Gulitol
15. Multitol
16. Neosorb
17. Neosorb 20/60DC
18. Neosorb 70/02
19. Neosorb 70/70
20. Neosorb P 20/60
21. Neosorb P 60
22. Neosorb P 60W
23. Nivitin
24. Resulax
25. Sionit
26. Sionit K
27. Sionite
28. Sionon
29. Siosan
30. Sorbex M
31. Sorbex R
32. Sorbex Rp
33. Sorbex S
34. Sorbex X
35. Sorbilande
36. Sorbilax
37. Sorbit
38. Sorbit D 70
39. Sorbit D-Powder
40. Sorbit DP
41. Sorbit DP 50
42. Sorbit Kyowa Powder 50M
43. Sorbit L 70
44. Sorbit S
45. Sorbit T 70
46. Sorbit W 70
47. Sorbit W-Powder
48. Sorbit W-Powder 50
49. Sorbit WP
50. Sorbite
51. Sorbitol F
52. Sorbitol FK
53. Sorbitol FP
54. Sorbitol S
55. Sorbitol syrup C
56. Sorbitur
57. Sorbo
58. Sorbogem 712
59. Sorbol
60. Sorbostyl

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• Cytoplasm (Predicted from LogP)

• Blood
• Cerebrospinal Fluid
• Saliva
• Urine

• 104300 (Alzheimer's disease)

1. Sundkvist G, Dahlin LB, Nilsson H, Eriksson KF, Lindgarde F, Rosen I, Lattimer SA, Sima AA, Sullivan K, Greene DA: Sorbitol and myo-inositol levels and morphology of sural nerve in relation to peripheral nerve function and clinical neuropathy in men with diabetic, impaired, and normal glucose tolerance. Diabet Med. 2000 Apr;17(4):259-68. [PubMed ]
2. Morenkova SA: [Comparative analysis of dependence of saliva sorbitol and fructosamine levels on blood glucose level in patients with diabetes] Biomed Khim. 2004;50(6):612-4. [PubMed ]
3. Bareford D, Jennings PE, Stone PC, Baar S, Barnett AH, Stuart J: Effects of hyperglycaemia and sorbitol accumulation on erythrocyte deformability in diabetes mellitus. J Clin Pathol. 1986 Jul;39(7):722-7. [PubMed ]
4. Ciuchi E, Odetti P, Prando R: Relationship between glutathione and sorbitol concentrations in erythrocytes from diabetic patients. Metabolism. 1996 May;45(5):611-3. [PubMed ]
5. Kwang-Hyok S, Ui-Nam P, Sarkar C, Bhadra R: A sensitive assay of red blood cell sorbitol level by high performance liquid chromatography: potential for diagnostic evaluation of diabetes. Clin Chim Acta. 2005 Apr;354(1-2):41-7. Epub 2005 Jan 18. [PubMed ]
6. Nau R: Osmotherapy for elevated intracranial pressure: a critical reappraisal. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2000 Jan;38(1):23-40. [PubMed ]
7. Belanger DR, Tierney MG, Dickinson G: Effect of sodium polystyrene sulfonate on lithium bioavailability. Ann Emerg Med. 1992 Nov;21(11):1312-5. [PubMed ]
8. Ciuchi E, Odetti P, Prando R: The effect of acute glutathione treatment on sorbitol level in erythrocytes from diabetic patients. Diabetes Metab. 1997 Feb;23(1):58-60. [PubMed ]
9. Shinohara R, Ohta Y, Yamauchi M, Ishiguro I: Improved fluorometric enzymatic sorbitol assay in human blood. Clin Chim Acta. 1998 May 25;273(2):171-84. [PubMed ]
10. Peterson MJ, Page MG, Just LJ, Aldinger CE, Malone JI: Applicability of red blood cell sorbitol measurements to monitor the clinical activity of sorbinil. Metabolism. 1986 Apr;35(4 Suppl 1):93-5. [PubMed ]
11. Vertommen J, Rillaerts E, Gysels M, De Leeuw I: Erythrocyte sorbitol content in diabetic patients: relation to metabolic control. Diabete Metab. 1987 Jun;13(3):182-6. [PubMed ]
12. Cunningham JJ, Mearkle PL, Brown RG: Vitamin C: an aldose reductase inhibitor that normalizes erythrocyte sorbitol in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. J Am Coll Nutr. 1994 Aug;13(4):344-50. [PubMed ]
13. Airey CM, Price DE, Kemp JV, Perkins CM, Wales JK: The effect of aldose reductase inhibition on erythrocyte polyols and galactitol accumulation in diabetic patients. Diabet Med. 1989 Dec;6(9):804-8. [PubMed ]
14. Kamon N, Mabuchi H, Takeda R, Terashima H: Effects of aldose reductase inhibitor (ONO-2235) on human erythrocyte sorbitol concentrations in 75 g oral glucose tolerance tests. Horm Metab Res. 1991 May;23(5):226-9. [PubMed ]
15. Sizeland PC, Chambers ST, Lever M, Bason LM, Robson RA: Short-term response of nonurea organic osmolytes in human kidney to a water load and water deprivation. Am J Physiol. 1995 Feb;268(2 Pt 2):F227-33. [PubMed ]
16. Shetty HU, Holloway HW, Rapoport SI: Capillary gas chromatography combined with ion trap detection for quantitative profiling of polyols in cerebrospinal fluid and plasma. Anal Biochem. 1995 Jan 1;224(1):279-85. [PubMed ]
17. van Griensven JM, Jusko WJ, Lemkes HH, Kroon R, Verhorst CJ, Chiang ST, Cohen AF: Tolrestat pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic effects on red blood cell sorbitol levels in normal volunteers and in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1995 Dec;58(6):631-40. [PubMed ]
18. Regenold WT, Kling MA, Hauser P: Elevated sorbitol concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with mood disorders. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2000 Aug;25(6):593-606. [PubMed ]
19. Gehring H, Hornberger C, Dibbelt L, Dorges V, Eichenauer R, Schmucker P: Detecting and quantifying absorbed irrigation fluid by measuring mannitol and sorbitol concentrations in serum samples, and by ethanol monitoring. BJU Int. 2002 Feb;89(3):202-7. [PubMed ]
20. Burggraaf J, Schoemaker RC, Lentjes EG, Cohen AF: Sorbitol as a marker for drug-induced decreases of variable duration in liver blood flow in healthy volunteers. Eur J Pharm Sci. 2000 Dec;12(2):133-9. [PubMed ]
21. Wikipedia

1. Aldose reductase
2. Glucokinase
3. Hexokinase-3
4. Hexokinase-2
5. Sorbitol dehydrogenase
6. Alpha-galactosidase A precursor
7. Glycophorin B precursor
8. cDNA FLJ78173, highly similar to Homo sapiens hexokinase 1 (HK1) mRNA
9. cDNA, FLJ93978, Homo sapiens aldo-keto reductase family 1, member B1 (aldosereductase) (AKR1B1), mRNA (Aldo-keto reductase family 1, member B1 (Aldose reductase), isoform CRA_a)

1. AR
2. Aldehyde reductase

MASRLLLNNGAKMPILGLGTWKSPPGQVTEAVKVAIDVGYRHIDCAHVYQNENEVGVAIQ
EKLREQVVKREELFIVSKLWCTYHEKGLVKGACQKTLSDLKLDYLDLYLIHWPTGFKPGK
EFFPLDESGNVVPSDTNILDTWAAMEELVDEGLVKAIGISNFNHLQVEMILNKPGLKYKP
AVNQIECHPYLTQEKLIQYCQSKGIVVTAYSPLGSPDRPWAKPEDPSLLEDPRIKAIAAK
HNKTTAQVLIRFPMQRNLVVIPKSVTPERIAENFKVFDFELSSQDMTTLLSYNRNWRVCA
LLSCTSHKDYPFHEEF

• Fructose and Mannose Metabolism (map00051 )
• Galactose Metabolism (map00052 )
• Glycerolipid Metabolism (map00561 )
• Pyruvate Metabolism (map00620 )

• alditol + NAD(P)+ = aldose + NAD(P)H + H+

• Aldo_ket_red (PF00248 )

• None

• None

ATGGCAAGCCGTCTCCTGCTCAACAACGGCGCCAAGATGCCCATCCTGGGGTTGGGTACC
TGGAAGTCCCCTCCAGGGCAGGTGACTGAGGCCGTGAAGGTGGCCATTGACGTCGGGTAC
CGCCACATCGACTGTGCCCATGTGTACCAGAATGAGAATGAGGTGGGGGTGGCCATTCAG
GAGAAGCTCAGGGAGCAGGTGGTGAAGCGTGAGGAGCTCTTCATCGTCAGCAAGCTGTGG
TGCACGTACCATGAGAAGGGCCTGGTGAAAGGAGCCTGCCAGAAGACACTCAGCGACCTG
AAGCTGGACTACCTGGACCTCTACCTTATTCACTGGCCGACTGGCTTTAAGCCTGGGAAG
GAATTTTTCCCATTGGATGAGTCGGGCAATGTGGTTCCCAGTGACACCAACATTCTGGAC
ACGTGGGCGGCCATGGAAGAGCTGGTGGATGAAGGGCTGGTGAAAGCTATTGGCATCTCC
AACTTCAACCATCTCCAGGTGGAGATGATCTTAAACAAACCTGGCTTGAAGTATAAGCCT
GCAGTTAACCAGATTGAGTGCCACCCATATCTCACTCAGGAGAAGTTAATCCAGTACTGC
CAGTCCAAAGGCATCGTGGTGACCGCCTACAGCCCCCTCGGCTCTCCTGACAGGCCCTGG
GCCAAGCCCGAGGACCCTTCTCTCCTGGAGGATCCCAGGATCAAGGCGATCGCAGCCAAG
CACAATAAAACTACAGCCCAGGTCCTGATCCGGTTCCCCATGCAGAGGAACTTGGTGGTG
ATCCCCAAGTCTGTGACACCAGAACGCATTGCTGAGAACTTTAAGGTCTTTGACTTTGAA
CTGAGCAGCCAGGATATGACCACCTTACTCAGCTACAACAGGAACTGGAGGGTCTGTGCC
TTGTTGAGCTGTACCTCCCACAAGGATTACCCCTTCCATGAAGAGTTTTGA

1. Bohren KM, Bullock B, Wermuth B, Gabbay KH: The aldo-keto reductase superfamily. cDNAs and deduced amino acid sequences of human aldehyde and aldose reductases. J Biol Chem. 1989 Jun 5;264(16):9547-51. [PubMed ]
2. Chung S, LaMendola J: Cloning and sequence determination of human placental aldose reductase gene. J Biol Chem. 1989 Sep 5;264(25):14775-7. [PubMed ]
3. Graham A, Hedge PJ, Powell SJ, Riley J, Brown L, Gammack A, Carey F, Markham AF: Nucleotide sequence of cDNA for human aldose reductase. Nucleic Acids Res. 1989 Oct 25;17(20):8368. [PubMed ]
4. Grundmann U, Bohn H, Obermeier R, Amann E: Cloning and prokaryotic expression of a biologically active human placental aldose reductase. DNA Cell Biol. 1990 Apr;9(3):149-57. [PubMed ]
5. Nishimura C, Matsuura Y, Kokai Y, Akera T, Carper D, Morjana N, Lyons C, Flynn TG: Cloning and expression of human aldose reductase. J Biol Chem. 1990 Jun 15;265(17):9788-92. [PubMed ]
6. Graham A, Brown L, Hedge PJ, Gammack AJ, Markham AF: Structure of the human aldose reductase gene. J Biol Chem. 1991 Apr 15;266(11):6872-7. [PubMed ]
7. Ko BC, Ruepp B, Bohren KM, Gabbay KH, Chung SS: Identification and characterization of multiple osmotic response sequences in the human aldose reductase gene. J Biol Chem. 1997 Jun 27;272(26):16431-7. [PubMed ]
8. Ferraretto A, Negri A, Giuliani A, De Grada L, Fuhrman Conti AM, Ronchi S: Aldose reductase is involved in long-term adaptation of EUE cells to hyperosmotic stress. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1993 Feb 17;1175(3):283-8. [PubMed ]
9. Morjana NA, Lyons C, Flynn TG: Aldose reductase from human psoas muscle. Affinity labeling of an active site lysine by pyridoxal 5'-phosphate and pyridoxal 5'-diphospho-5'-adenosine. J Biol Chem. 1989 Feb 15;264(5):2912-9. [PubMed ]
10. Liu SQ, Bhatnagar A, Ansari NH, Srivastava SK: Identification of the reactive cysteine residue in human placenta aldose reductase. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1993 Aug 7;1164(3):268-72. [PubMed ]
11. Jaquinod M, Potier N, Klarskov K, Reymann JM, Sorokine O, Kieffer S, Barth P, Andriantomanga V, Biellmann JF, Van Dorsselaer A: Sequence of pig lens aldose reductase and electrospray mass spectrometry of non-covalent and covalent complexes. Eur J Biochem. 1993 Dec 15;218(3):893-903. [PubMed ]
12. Tarle I, Borhani DW, Wilson DK, Quiocho FA, Petrash JM: Probing the active site of human aldose reductase. Site-directed mutagenesis of Asp-43, Tyr-48, Lys-77, and His-110. J Biol Chem. 1993 Dec 5;268(34):25687-93. [PubMed ]
13. Wilson DK, Bohren KM, Gabbay KH, Quiocho FA: An unlikely sugar substrate site in the 1.65 A structure of the human aldose reductase holoenzyme implicated in diabetic complications. Science. 1992 Jul 3;257(5066):81-4. [PubMed ]
14. Borhani DW, Harter TM, Petrash JM: The crystal structure of the aldose reductase.NADPH binary complex. J Biol Chem. 1992 Dec 5;267(34):24841-7. [PubMed ]
15. Wilson DK, Tarle I, Petrash JM, Quiocho FA: Refined 1.8 A structure of human aldose reductase complexed with the potent inhibitor zopolrestat. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1993 Nov 1;90(21):9847-51. [PubMed ]
16. Harrison DH, Bohren KM, Petsko GA, Ringe D, Gabbay KH: The alrestatin double-decker: binding of two inhibitor molecules to human aldose reductase reveals a new specificity determinant. Biochemistry. 1997 Dec 23;36(51):16134-40. [PubMed ]

1. Hexokinase-4
2. Hexokinase type IV
3. HK IV
4. HK4
5. Hexokinase-D

MLDDRARMEAAKKEKVEQILAEFQLQEEDLKKVMRRMQKEMDRGLRLETHEEASVKMLPT
YVRSTPEGSEVGDFLSLDLGGTNFRVMLVKVGEGEEGQWSVKTKHQMYSIPEDAMTGTAE
MLFDYISECISDFLDKHQMKHKKLPLGFTFSFPVRHEDIDKGILLNWTKGFKASGAEGNN
VVGLLRDAIKRRGDFEMDVVAMVNDTVATMISCYYEDHQCEVGMIVGTGCNACYMEEMQN
VELVEGDEGRMCVNTEWGAFGDSGELDEFLLEYDRLVDESSANPGQQLYEKLIGGKYMGE
LVRLVLLRLVDENLLFHGEASEQLRTRGAFETRFVSQVESDTGDRKQIYNILSTLGLRPS
TTDCDIVRRACESVSTRAAHMCSAGLAGVINRMRESRSEDVMRITVGVDGSVYKLHPSFK
ERFHASVRRLTPSCEITFIESEEGSGRGAALVSAVACKKACMLGQ

• Galactose Metabolism (map00052 )
• Gluconeogenesis (map00010 )
• Starch and Sucrose Metabolism (map00500 )
• Streptomycin biosynthesis (map00521 )

• ATP + D-glucose = ADP + D-glucose 6-phosphate

• Hexokinase_1 (PF00349 )
• Hexokinase_2 (PF03727 )

• None

• None

ATGCTGGACGACAGAGCCAGGATGGAGGCCGCCAAGAAGGAGAAGGTAGAGCAGATCCTG
GCAGAGTTCCAGCTGCAGGAGGAGGACCTGAAGAAGGTGATGAGACGGATGCAGAAGGAG
ATGGACCGCGGCCTGAGGCTGGAGACCCATGAAGAGGCCAGTGTGAAGATGCTGCCCACC
TACGTGCGCTCCACCCCAGAAGGCTCAGAAGTCGGGGACTTCCTCTCCCTGGACCTGGGT
GGCACTAACTTCAGGGTGATGCTGGTGAAGGTGGGAGAAGGTGAGGAGGGGCAGTGGAGC
GTGAAGACCAAACACCAGATGTACTCCATCCCCGAGGACGCCATGACCGGCACTGCTGAG
ATGCTCTTCGACTACATCTCTGAGTGCATCTCCGACTTCCTGGACAAGCATCAGATGAAA
CACAAGAAGCTGCCCCTGGGCTTCACCTTCTCCTTTCCTGTGAGGCACGAAGACATCGAT
AAGGGCATCCTTCTCAACTGGACCAAGGGCTTCAAGGCCTCAGGAGCAGAAGGGAACAAT
GTCGTGGGGCTTCTGCGAGACGCTATCAAACGGAGAGGGGACTTTGAAATGGATGTGGTG
GCAATGGTGAATGACACGGTGGCCACGATGATCTCCTGCTACTACGAAGACCATCAGTGC
GAGGTCGGCATGATCGTGGGCACGGGCTGCAATGCCTGCTACATGGAGGAGATGCAGAAT
GTGGAGCTGGTGGAGGGGGACGAGGGCCGCATGTGCGTCAATACCGAGTGGGGCGCCTTC
GGGGACTCCGGCGAGCTGGACGAGTTCCTGCTGGAGTATGACCGCCTGGTGGACGAGAGC
TCTGCAAACCCCGGTCAGCAGCTGTATGAGAAGCTCATAGGTGGCAAGTACATGGGCGAG
CTGGTGCGGCTTGTGCTGCTCAGGCTCGTGGACGAAAACCTGCTCTTCCACGGGGAGGCC
TCCGAGCAGCTGCGCACACGCGGAGCCTTCGAGACGCGCTTCGTGTCGCAGGTGGAGAGC
GACACGGGCGACCGCAAGCAGATCTACAACATCCTGAGCACGCTGGGGCTGCGACCCTCG
ACCACCGACTGCGACATCGTGCGCCGCGCCTGCGAGAGCGTGTCTACGCGCGCTGCGCAC
ATGTGCTCGGCGGGGCTGGCGGGCGTCATCAACCGCATGCGCGAGAGCCGCAGCGAGGAC
GTAATGCGCATCACTGTGGGCGTGGATGGCTCCGTGTACAAGCTGCACCCCAGCTTCAAG
GAGCGGTTCCATGCCAGCGTGCGCAGGCTGACGCCCAGCTGCGAGATCACCTTCATCGAG
TCGGAGGAGGGCAGTGGCCGGGGCGCGGCCCTGGTCTCGGCGGTGGCCTGTAAGAAGGCC
TGTATGCTGGGCCAGTGA

1. Tanizawa Y, Matsutani A, Chiu KC, Permutt MA: Human glucokinase gene: isolation, structural characterization, and identification of a microsatellite repeat polymorphism. Mol Endocrinol. 1992 Jul;6(7):1070-81. [PubMed ]
2. Tanizawa Y, Koranyi LI, Welling CM, Permutt MA: Human liver glucokinase gene: cloning and sequence determination of two alternatively spliced cDNAs. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Aug 15;88(16):7294-7. [PubMed ]
3. Nishi S, Stoffel M, Xiang K, Shows TB, Bell GI, Takeda J: Human pancreatic beta-cell glucokinase: cDNA sequence and localization of the polymorphic gene to chromosome 7, band p 13. Diabetologia. 1992 Aug;35(8):743-7. [PubMed ]
4. Koranyi LI, Tanizawa Y, Welling CM, Rabin DU, Permutt MA: Human islet glucokinase gene. Isolation and sequence analysis of full-length cDNA. Diabetes. 1992 Jul;41(7):807-11. [PubMed ]
5. Stoffel M, Froguel P, Takeda J, Zouali H, Vionnet N, Nishi S, Weber IT, Harrison RW, Pilkis SJ, Lesage S, et al.: Human glucokinase gene: isolation, characterization, and identification of two missense mutations linked to early-onset non-insulin-dependent (type 2) diabetes mellitus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Aug 15;89(16):7698-702. [PubMed ]
6. Sakura H, Eto K, Kadowaki H, Simokawa K, Ueno H, Koda N, Fukushima Y, Akanuma Y, Yazaki Y, Kadowaki T: Structure of the human glucokinase gene and identification of a missense mutation in a Japanese patient with early-onset non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1992 Dec;75(6):1571-3. [PubMed ]
7. St Charles R, Harrison RW, Bell GI, Pilkis SJ, Weber IT: Molecular model of human beta-cell glucokinase built by analogy to the crystal structure of yeast hexokinase B. Diabetes. 1994 Jun;43(6):784-91. [PubMed ]
8. Stoffel M, Patel P, Lo YM, Hattersley AT, Lucassen AM, Page R, Bell JI, Bell GI, Turner RC, Wainscoat JS: Missense glucokinase mutation in maturity-onset diabetes of the young and mutation screening in late-onset diabetes. Nat Genet. 1992 Oct;2(2):153-6. [PubMed ]
9. Chiu KC, Tanizawa Y, Permutt MA: Glucokinase gene variants in the common form of NIDDM. Diabetes. 1993 Apr;42(4):579-82. [PubMed ]
10. Stoffel M, Bell KL, Blackburn CL, Powell KL, Seo TS, Takeda J, Vionnet N, Xiang KS, Gidh-Jain M, Pilkis SJ, et al.: Identification of glucokinase mutations in subjects with gestational diabetes mellitus. Diabetes. 1993 Jun;42(6):937-40. [PubMed ]
11. Takeda J, Gidh-Jain M, Xu LZ, Froguel P, Velho G, Vaxillaire M, Cohen D, Shimada F, Makino H, Nishi S, et al.: Structure/function studies of human beta-cell glucokinase. Enzymatic properties of a sequence polymorphism, mutations associated with diabetes, and other site-directed mutants. J Biol Chem. 1993 Jul 15;268(20):15200-4. [PubMed ]
12. Gidh-Jain M, Takeda J, Xu LZ, Lange AJ, Vionnet N, Stoffel M, Froguel P, Velho G, Sun F, Cohen D, et al.: Glucokinase mutations associated with non-insulin-dependent (type 2) diabetes mellitus have decreased enzymatic activity: implications for structure/function relationships. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1993 Mar 1;90(5):1932-6. [PubMed ]
13. Hager J, Blanche H, Sun F, Vaxillaire NV, Poller W, Cohen D, Czernichow P, Velho G, Robert JJ, Cohen N, et al.: Six mutations in the glucokinase gene identified in MODY by using a nonradioactive sensitive screening technique. Diabetes. 1994 May;43(5):730-3. [PubMed ]
14. Velho G, Blanche H, Vaxillaire M, Bellanne-Chantelot C, Pardini VC, Timsit J, Passa P, Deschamps I, Robert JJ, Weber IT, Marotta D, Pilkis SJ, Lipkind GM, Bell GI, Froguel P: Identification of 14 new glucokinase mutations and description of the clinical profile of 42 MODY-2 families. Diabetologia. 1997 Feb;40(2):217-24. [PubMed ]
15. Hattersley AT, Beards F, Ballantyne E, Appleton M, Harvey R, Ellard S: Mutations in the glucokinase gene of the fetus result in reduced birth weight. Nat Genet. 1998 Jul;19(3):268-70. [PubMed ]
16. Glaser B, Kesavan P, Heyman M, Davis E, Cuesta A, Buchs A, Stanley CA, Thornton PS, Permutt MA, Matschinsky FM, Herold KC: Familial hyperinsulinism caused by an activating glucokinase mutation. N Engl J Med. 1998 Jan 22;338(4):226-30. [PubMed ]
17. Ng MC, Cockburn BN, Lindner TH, Yeung VT, Chow CC, So WY, Li JK, Lo YM, Lee ZS, Cockram CS, Critchley JA, Bell GI, Chan JC: Molecular genetics of diabetes mellitus in Chinese subjects: identification of mutations in glucokinase and hepatocyte nuclear factor-1alpha genes in patients with early-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus/MODY. Diabet Med. 1999 Nov;16(11):956-63. [PubMed ]
18. Nam JH, Lee HC, Kim YH, Cha BS, Song YD, Lim SK, Kim KR, Huh KB: Identification of glucokinase mutation in subjects with post-renal transplantation diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2000 Dec;50(3):169-76. [PubMed ]
19. Njolstad PR, Sovik O, Cuesta-Munoz A, Bjorkhaug L, Massa O, Barbetti F, Undlien DE, Shiota C, Magnuson MA, Molven A, Matschinsky FM, Bell GI: Neonatal diabetes mellitus due to complete glucokinase deficiency. N Engl J Med. 2001 May 24;344(21):1588-92. [PubMed ]

1. Hexokinase type III
2. HK III

MDSIGSSGLRQGEETLSCSEEGLPGPSDSSELVQECLQQFKVTRAQLQQIQASLLGSMEQ
ALRGQASPAPAVRMLPTYVGSTPHGTEQGDFVVLELGATGASLRVLWVTLTGIEGHRVEP
RSQEFVIPQEVMLGAGQQLFDFAAHCLSEFLDAQPVNKQGLQLGFSFSFPCHQTGLDRST
LISWTKGFRCSGVEGQDVVQLLRDAIRRQGAYNIDVVAVVNDTVGTMMGCEPGVRPCEVG
LVVDTGTNACYMEEARHVAVLDEDRGRVCVSVEWGSLSDDGALGPVLTTFDHTLDHESLN
PGAQRFEKMIGGLYLGELVRLVLAHLARCGVLFGGCTSPALLSQGSILLEHVAEMEDPST
GAARVHAILQDLGLSPGASDVELVQHVCAAVCTRAAQLCAAALAAVLSCLQHSREQQTLQ
VAVATGGRVCERHPRFCSVLQGTVMLLAPECDVSLIPSVDGGGRGVAMVTAVAARLAAHR
RLLEETLAPFRLNHDQLAAVQAQMRKAMAKGLRGEASSLRMLPTFVRATPDGSERGDFLA
LDLGGTNFRVLLVRVTTGVQITSEIYSIPETVAQGSGQQLFDHIVDCIVDFQQKQGLSGQ
SLPLGFTFSFPCRQLGLDQGILLNWTKGFKASDCEGQDVVSLLREAITRRQAVELNVVAI
VNDTVGTMMSCGYEDPRCEIGLIVGTGTNACYMEELRNVAGVPGDSGRMCINMEWGAFGD
DGSLAMLSTRFDASVDQASINPGKQRFEKMISGMYLGEIVRHILLHLTSLGVLFRGQQIQ
RLQTRDIFKTKFLSEIESDSLALRQVRAILEDLGLPLTSDDALMVLEVCQAVSQRAAQLC
GAGVAAVVEKIRGNRGLEELAVSVGVDGTLYKLHPRFSSLVAATVRELAPRCVVTFLQSE
DGSGKGAALVTAVACRLAQLTRV

• Aminosugars metabolism (map00530 )
• Fructose and Mannose Metabolism (map00051 )
• Galactose Metabolism (map00052 )
• Gluconeogenesis (map00010 )
• Starch and Sucrose Metabolism (map00500 )
• Streptomycin biosynthesis (map00521 )

• ATP + D-hexose = ADP + D-hexose 6-phosphate

• Hexokinase_1 (PF00349 )
• Hexokinase_2 (PF03727 )

• None

• None

ATGGACTCCATTGGGTCTTCAGGGTTGCGGCAGGGGGAAGAAACCCTGAGTTGCTCTGAG
GAGGGCTTGCCCGGGCCCTCAGACAGCTCAGAGCTGGTGCAGGAGTGCCTGCAGCAGTTC
AAGGTGACAAGGGCACAGCTACAGCAGATCCAAGCCAGCCTCTTGGGTTCCATGGAGCAG
GCGCTGAGGGGACAGGCCAGCCCTGCCCCTGCGGTCCGGATGCTGCCTACATACGTGGGG
TCCACCCCACATGGCACTGAGCAAGGAGACTTCGTGGTGCTGGAGCTGGGGGCCACAGGG
GCCTCACTGCGTGTTTTGTGGGTGACTCTAACTGGCATTGAGGGGCATAGGGTGGAGCCC
AGAAGCCAGGAGTTTGTGATCCCCCAAGAGGTGATGCTGGGTGCTGGCCAGCAGCTCTTT
GACTTTGCTGCCCACTGCCTGTCTGAGTTCCTGGATGCGCAGCCTGTGAACAAACAGGGT
CTGCAGCTTGGCTTCAGCTTCTCTTTCCCTTGTCACCAGACGGGCTTGGACAGGAGCACC
CTCATTTCCTGGACCAAAGGTTTTAGGTGCAGTGGTGTGGAAGGCCAGGATGTGGTCCAG
CTGCTGAGAGATGCCATTCGGAGGCAGGGGGCCTACAACATCGACGTGGTTGCTGTGGTG
AACGACACAGTGGGCACCATGATGGGCTGTGAGCCGGGGGTCAGGCCGTGTGAGGTTGGG
CTAGTTGTAGACACGGGCACCAACGCGTGTTACATGGAGGAGGCACGGCATGTGGCAGTG
CTGGACGAAGACCGGGGCCGCGTCTGCGTCAGCGTCGAGTGGGGCTCCTTAAGCGATGAT
GGGGCGCTGGGACCAGTGCTGACCACCTTCGACCATACCCTGGACCATGAGTCCCTGAAT
CCTGGTGCTCAGAGGTTTGAGAAGATGATCGGAGGCCTGTACCTGGGTGAGCTGGTGCGG
CTGGTGCTGGCTCACTTGGCCCGGTGTGGGGTCCTCTTTGGTGGCTGCACCTCCCCTGCC
CTGCTGAGCCAAGGCAGCATCCTCCTGGAACACGTGGCTGAGATGGAGGACCCCTCTACT
GGGGCAGCCCGTGTCCATGCTATCCTGCAGGACTTGGGCCTGAGCCCTGGGGCTTCGGAT
GTTGAGCTTGTGCAGCACGTCTGTGCGGCCGTGTGCACGCGGGCTGCCCAGCTCTGTGCT
GCCGCCCTGGCCGCTGTTCTCTCCTGCCTCCAGCACAGCCGGGAGCAACAAACACTCCAG
GTTGCTGTGGCCACCGGAGGCCGAGTGTGTGAGCGGCACCCCAGGTTCTGCAGCGTCCTG
CAGGGGACAGTGATGCTCCTGGCCCCGGAATGCGATGTCTCCTTAATCCCCTCTGTGGAT
GGTGGTGGCCGGGGAGTGGCGATGGTGACTGCTGTGGCTGCCCGTCTGGCTGCCCACCGG
CGCCTGCTGGAGGAGACCCTGGCCCCATTCCGGTTGAACCATGATCAACTGGCTGCGGTT
CAGGCACAGATGCGGAAGGCCATGGCCAAGGGGCTCCGAGGGGAGGCCTCCTCCCTTCGC
ATGCTGCCCACTTTCGTCCGGGCCACCCCTGACGGCAGCGAGCGAGGGGATTTCCTGGCC
CTGGACCTCGGGGGCACGAACTTCCGTGTCCTCCTGGTACGTGTGACCACAGGCGTGCAG
ATCACCAGCGAGATCTACTCCATTCCCGAGACTGTGGCCCAGGGTTCTGGGCAGCAGCTC
TTTGACCACATCGTGGACTGCATCGTGGACTTCCAGCAGAAGCAGGGCCTGAGCGGGCAG
AGCCTCCCACTGGGTTTTACCTTCTCCTTCCCATGTAGGCAGCTTGGCCTAGACCAGGGC
ATCCTCCTGAACTGGACCAAGGGTTTCAAGGCATCAGACTGCGAGGGCCAAGATGTCGTG
AGTCTGTTGCGGGAAGCCATCACTCGCAGACAGGCAGTGGAGCTGAATGTGGTTGCCATT
GTCAATGACACGGTGGGGACCATGATGTCCTGTGGCTATGAGGACCCCCGTTGCGAGATA
GGCCTCATTGTCGGAACCGGCACCAATGCCTGCTACATGGAGGAGCTCCGGAATGTGGCG
GGCGTGCCTGGGGACTCAGGCCGCATGTGCATCAACATGGAGTGGGGCGCCTTTGGGGAC
GATGGCTCTCTGGCCATGCTCAGCACCCGCTTTGATGCAAGTGTGGACCAGGCGTCCATC
AACCCCGGCAAGCAGAGGTTTGAAAAGATGATCAGCGGCATGTACCTGGGGGAGATCGTC
CGCCACATCCTTTTACATTTAACCAGCCTTGGCGTTCTCTTCCGGGGCCAGCAGATCCAG
CGCCTTCAGACCAGGGACATCTTCAAGACCAAGTTCCTCTCTGAGATCGAAAGTGACAGC
CTGGCCCTGCGGCAGGTCCGAGCCATCCTAGAGGATCTGGGGCTACCCCTGACCTCAGAT
GACGCCCTGATGGTGCTAGAGGTGTGCCAGGCTGTGTCCCAGAGGGCTGCCCAGCTCTGT
GGGGCGGGTGTAGCTGCCGTGGTGGAGAAGATCCGGGGGAACCGGGGCCTGGAAGAGCTG
GCAGTGTCTGTGGGGGTGGATGGAACGCTCTACAAGCTGCACCCGCGCTTCTCCAGCCTG
GTGGCGGCCACAGTGCGGGAGCTGGCCCCTCGCTGTGTGGTCACGTTCCTGCAGTCAGAG
GATGGGTCCGGCAAAGGTGCGGCCCTGGTCACCGCTGTTGCCTGCCGCCTTGCGCAGTTG
ACTCGTGTCTGA

1. Furuta H, Nishi S, Le Beau MM, Fernald AA, Yano H, Bell GI: Sequence of human hexokinase III cDNA and assignment of the human hexokinase III gene (HK3) to chromosome band 5q35.2 by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Genomics. 1996 Aug 15;36(1):206-9. [PubMed ]
2. Palma F, Agostini D, Mason P, Dacha M, Piccoli G, Biagiarelli B, Fiorani M, Stocchi V: Purification and characterization of the carboxyl-domain of human hexokinase type III expressed as fusion protein. Mol Cell Biochem. 1996 Feb 9;155(1):23-9. [PubMed ]

1. Hexokinase type II
2. HK II
3. Muscle form hexokinase

MIASHLLAYFFTELNHDQVQKVDQYLYHMRLSDETLLEISKRFRKEMEKGLGATTHPTAA
VKMLPTFVRSTPDGTEHGEFLALDLGGTNFRVLWVKVTDNGLQKVEMENQIYAIPEDIMR
GSGTQLFDHIAECLANFMDKLQIKDKKLPLGFTFSFPCHQTKLDESFLVSWTKGFKSSGV
EGRDVVALIRKAIQRRGDFDIDIVAVVNDTVGTMMTCGYDDHNCEIGLIVGTGSNACYME
EMRHIDMVEGDEGRMCINMEWGAFGDDGSLNDIRTEFDQEIDMGSLNPGKQLFEKMISGM
YMGELVRLILVKMAKEELLFGGKLSPELLNTGRFETKDISDIEGEKDGIRKAREVLMRLG
LDPTQEDCVATHRICQIVSTRSASLCAATLAAVLQRIKENKGEERLRSTIGVDGSVYKKH
PHFAKRLHKTVRRLVPGCDVRFLRSEDGSGKGAAMVTAVAYRLADQHRARQKTLEHLQLS
HDQLLEVKRRMKVEMERGLSKETHASAPVKMLPTYVCATPDGTEKGDFLALDLGGTNFRV
LLVRVRNGKWGGVEMHNKIYAIPQEVMHGTGDELFDHIVQCIADFLEYMGMKGVSLPLGF
TFSFPCQQNSLDESILLKWTKGFKASGCEGEDVVTLLKEAIHRREEFDLDVVAVVNDTVG
TMMTCGFEDPHCEVGLIVGTGSNACYMEEMRNVELVEGEEGRMCVNMEWGAFGDNGCLDD
FRTEFDVAVDELSLNPGKQRFEKMISGMYLGEIVRNILIDFTKRGLLFRGRISERLKTRG
IFETKFLSQIESDCLALLQVRAILQHLGLESTCDDSIIVKEVCTVVARRAAQLCGAGMAA
VVDRIRENRGLDALKVTVGVDGTLYKLHPHFAKVMHETVKDLAPKCDVSFLQSEDGSGKG
AALITAVACRIREAGQR

• Aminosugars metabolism (map00530 )
• Fructose and Mannose Metabolism (map00051 )
• Galactose Metabolism (map00052 )
• Gluconeogenesis (map00010 )
• Starch and Sucrose Metabolism (map00500 )
• Streptomycin biosynthesis (map00521 )

• ATP + D-hexose = ADP + D-hexose 6-phosphate

• Hexokinase_1 (PF00349 )
• Hexokinase_2 (PF03727 )

• None

• None

ATGATTGCCTCGCATCTGCTTGCCTACTTCTTCACGGAGCTCAACCATGACCAAGTGCAG
AAGGTTGACCAGTATCTCTACCACATGCGCCTCTCTGATGAGACCCTCTTGGAGATCTCT
AAGCGGTTCCGCAAGGAGATGGAGAAAGGGCTTGGAGCCACCACTCACCCTACTGCAGCA
GTGAAGATGCTGCCCACCTTTGTGAGGTCCACTCCAGATGGGACAGAACACGGAGAGTTC
CTGGCTCTGGATCTTGGAGGGACCAACTTCCGTGTGCTTTGGGTGAAAGTAACGGACAAT
GGGCTCCAGAAGGTGGAGATGGAGAATCAGATCTATGCCATCCCTGAGGACATCATGCGA
GGCAGTGGCACCCAGCTGTTTGACCACATTGCCGAATGCCTGGCTAACTTCATGGATAAG
CTACAAATCAAAGACAAGAAGCTCCCACTGGGTTTTACCTTCTCGTTCCCCTGCCACCAG
ACTAAACTAGACGAGAGTTTCCTGGTCTCATGGACCAAGGGATTCAAGTCCAGTGGAGTG
GAAGGCAGAGACGTTGTGGCTCTGATCCGGAAGGCCATCCAGAGGAGAGGGGACTTTGAT
ATCGACATTGTGGCTGTGGTGAATGACACAGTTGGGACCATGATGACCTGTGGTTATGAT
GACCACAACTGTGAGATTGGTCTCATTGTGGGCACGGGCAGCAACGCCTGCTACATGGAA
GAGATGCGCCACATCGACATGGTGGAAGGCGATGAGGGGCGGATGTGTATCAATATGGAG
TGGGGGGCCTTCGGGGACGATGGCTCGCTCAACGACATTCGCACTGAGTTTGACCAGGAG
ATTGACATGGGCTCACTGAACCCGGGAAAGCAACTGTTTGAGAAGATGATCAGTGGGATG
TACATGGGGGAGCTGGTGAGGCTTATCCTGGTGAAGATGGCCAAGGAGGAGCTGCTCTTT
GGGGGGAAGCTCAGCCCAGAGCTTCTCAACACCGGTCGCTTTGAGACCAAAGACATCTCA
GACATTGAAGGGGAGAAGGATGGCATCCGGAAGGCCCGTGAGGTCCTGATGCGGTTGGGC
CTGGACCCGACTCAGGAGGACTGCGTGGCCACTCACCGGATCTGCCAGATCGTGTCCACA
CGCTCCGCCAGCCTGTGCGCAGCCACCCTGGCCGCCGTGCTGCAGCGCATCAAGGAGAAC
AAAGGCGAGGAGCGGCTGCGCTCTACTATTGGGGTCGACGGTTCCGTCTACAAGAAACAC
CCCCATTTTGCCAAGCGTCTACATAAGACCGTGCGGCGGCTGGTGCCCGGCTGCGATGTC
CGCTTCCTCCGCTCCGAGGATGGCAGTGGCAAAGGTGCAGCCATGGTGACAGCAGTGGCT
TACCGGCTGGCCGATCAACACCGTGCCCGCCAGAAGACATTAGAGCATCTGCAGCTGAGC
CATGACCAGCTGCTGGAGGTCAAGAGGAGGATGAAGGTAGAAATGGAGCGAGGTCTGAGC
AAGGAGACTCATGCCAGTGCCCCCGTCAAGATGCTGCCCACCTACGTGTGTGCTACCCCG
GACGGCACAGAGAAAGGGGACTTCTTGGCCTTGGACCTTGGAGGAACAAATTTCCGGGTC
CTGCTGGTCCGTGTTCGGAATGGGAAGTGGGGTGGAGTGGAGATGCACAACAAGATCTAC
GCCATCCCGCAGGAGGTCATGCACGGCACCGGGGACGAGCTCTTTGACCACATTGTCCAG
TGCATCGCGGACTTCCTCGAGTACATGGGCATGAAGGGCGTGTCCCTGCCTCTGGGTTTT
ACCTTCTCCTTCCCCTGCCAGCAGAACAGCCTGGACGAGAGCATCCTCCTCAAGTGGACA
AAAGGCTTCAAGGCATCTGGCTGCGAGGGCGAGGACGTGGTGACCCTGCTGAAGGAAGCG
ATCCACCGGCGAGAGGAGTTTGACCTGGATGTGGTTGCTGTGGTGAACGACACAGTCGGA
ACTATGATGACCTGTGGCTTTGAAGACCCTCACTGTGAAGTTGGCCTCATTGTTGGCACG
GGCAGCAATGCCTGCTACATGGAGGAGATGCGCAACGTGGAACTGGTGGAAGGAGAAGAG
GGGCGGATGTGTGTGAACATGGAATGGGGGGCCTTCGGGGACAATGGATGCCTAGATGAC
TTCCGCACAGAATTTGATGTGGCTGTGGATGAGCTTTCACTCAACCCCGGCAAGCAGAGG
TTCGAGAAAATGATCAGTGGAATGTACCTGGGTGAGATTGTCCGTAACATTCTCATCGAT
TTCACCAAGCGTGGACTACTCTTCCGAGGCCGCATCTCAGAGCGGCTCAAGACAAGGGGC
ATCTTTGAAACCAAGTTCTTGTCTCAGATTGAGAGTGACTGCCTGGCCCTGCTGCAAGTC
CGAGCCACCCTGCAACACTTAGGGCTTGAGAGCACCTGTGACGACAGCATCATTGTTAAG
GAGGTGTGCACTGTGGTGGCCCGGCGGGCAGCCCAGCTCTGTGGCGCAGGCATGGCCGCT
GTGGTGGACAGGATACGAGAAAACCGTGGGCTGGACGCTCTCAAAGTGACAGTGGGTGTG
GATGGGACCCTCTACAAGCTACATCCTCACTTTGCCAAAGTCATGCATGAGACAGTGAAG
GACCTGGCTCCGAAATGTGATGTGTCTTTCCTGCAGTCAGAGGATGGCAGCGGGAAGGGG
GCGGCGCTCATCACTGCTGTGGCCTGCCGCATCCGTGAGGCTGGACAGCGATAG

1. Lehto M, Huang X, Davis EM, Le Beau MM, Laurila E, Eriksson KF, Bell GI, Groop L: Human hexokinase II gene: exon-intron organization, mutation screening in NIDDM, and its relationship to muscle hexokinase activity. Diabetologia. 1995 Dec;38(12):1466-74. [PubMed ]
2. Deeb SS, Malkki M, Laakso M: Human hexokinase II: sequence and homology to other hexokinases. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1993 Nov 30;197(1):68-74. [PubMed ]
3. Shinohara Y, Yamamoto K, Kogure K, Ichihara J, Terada H: Steady state transcript levels of the type II hexokinase and type 1 glucose transporter in human tumor cell lines. Cancer Lett. 1994 Jul 15;82(1):27-32. [PubMed ]
4. Laakso M, Malkki M, Deeb SS: Amino acid substitutions in hexokinase II among patients with NIDDM. Diabetes. 1995 Mar;44(3):330-4. [PubMed ]
5. Vidal-Puig A, Printz RL, Stratton IM, Granner DK, Moller DE: Analysis of the hexokinase II gene in subjects with insulin resistance and NIDDM and detection of a Gln142-->His substitution. Diabetes. 1995 Mar;44(3):340-6. [PubMed ]
6. Echwald SM, Bjorbaek C, Hansen T, Clausen JO, Vestergaard H, Zierath JR, Printz RL, Granner DK, Pedersen O: Identification of four amino acid substitutions in hexokinase II and studies of relationships to NIDDM, glucose effectiveness, and insulin sensitivity. Diabetes. 1995 Mar;44(3):347-53. [PubMed ]

1. L-iditol 2-dehydrogenase

MAAAAKPNNLSLVVHGPGDLRLENYPIPEPGPNEVLLRMHSVGICGSDVHYWEYGRIGNF
IVKKPMVLGHEASGTVEKVGSSVKHLKPGDRVAIEPGAPRENDEFCKMGRYNLSPSIFFC
ATPPDDGNLCRFYKHNAAFCYKLPDNVTFEEGALIEPLSVGIHACRRGGVTLGHKVLVCG
AGPIGMVTLLVAKAMGAAQVVVTDLSATRLSKAKEIGADLVLQISKESPQEIARKVEGLL
GCKPEVTIECTGAEASIQAGIYATRSGGTLVLVGLGSEMTTVPLLHAAIREVDIKGVFRY
CNTWPVAISMLASKSVNVKPLVTHRFPLEKALEAFETFKKGLGLKIMLKCDPSDQNP

• Fructose and Mannose Metabolism (map00051 )

• L-iditol + NAD+ = L-sorbose + NADH + H+

• ADH_N (PF08240 )
• ADH_zinc_N (PF00107 )

• None

• None

ATGGCGGCGGCGGCCAAGCCCAACAACCTTTCCCTGGTGGTGCACGGACCGGGGGACTTG
CGCCTGGAGAACTATCCTATCCCTGAACCAGGCCCAAATGAGGTCTTGCTGAGGATGCAT
TCTGTTGGAATCTGTGGCTCAGATGTCCACTACTGGGAGTATGGTCGAATTGGGAATTTT
ATTGTGAAAAAGCCCATGGTGCTGGGACATGAAGCTTCGGGAACAGTCGAAAAAGTGGGA
TCATCGGTAAAGCACCTAAAACCAGGTGATCGTGTTGCCATCGAGCCTGGTGCTCCCCGA
GAAAATGATGAATTCTGCAAGATGGGCCGATACAATCTGTCACCTTCCATCTTCTTCTGT
GCCACGCCCCCCGATGACGGGAACCTCTGCCGGTTCTATAAGCACAATGCAGCCTTTTGT
TACAAGCTTCCTGACAATGTCACCTTTGAGGAAGGCGCCCTGATCGAGCCACTTTCTGTG
GGGATCCATGCCTGCAGGAGAGGCGGAGTTACCCTGGGACACAAGGTCCTTGTGTGTGGA
GCTGGGCCAATCGGGATGGTCACTTTGCTCGTGGCCAAAGCAATGGGAGCAGCTCAAGTA
GTGGTGACTGATCTGTCTGCTACCCGATTGTCCAAAGCCAAGGAGATTGGGGCTGATTTA
GTCCTCCAGATCTCCAAGGAGAGCCCTCAGGAAATCGCCAGGAAAGTAGAAGGTCAGCTG
GGGTGCAAGCCGGAAGTCACCATCGAGTGCACGGGGGCAGAGGCCTCCATCCAGGCGGGC
ATCTACGCCACTCGCTCTGGTGGGACCCTCGTGCTTGTGGGGCTGGGCTCTGAGATGACC
ACCGTACCCCTACTGCATGCAGCCATCCGGGAGGTGGATATCAAGGGCGTGTTTCGATAC
TGCAACACGTGGCCAGTGGCGATTTCGATGCTTGCGTCCAAGTCTGTGAATGTAAAACCC
CTCGTCACCCATAGGTTTCCTCTGGAGAAAGCTCTGGAGGCCTTTGAAACATTTAAAAAG
GGATTGGGGTTGAAAATCATGCTCAAGTGTGACCCCAGTGACCAGAATCCCTGA

1. Lee FK, Cheung MC, Chung S: The human sorbitol dehydrogenase gene: cDNA cloning, sequence determination, and mapping by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Genomics. 1994 May 15;21(2):354-8. [PubMed ]
2. Iwata T, Popescu NC, Zimonjic DB, Karlsson C, Hoog JO, Vaca G, Rodriguez IR, Carper D: Structural organization of the human sorbitol dehydrogenase gene (SORD). Genomics. 1995 Mar 1;26(1):55-62. [PubMed ]
3. Carr IM, Markham AF, Coletta PL: Identification and characterisation of a sequence related to human sorbitol dehydrogenase. Eur J Biochem. 1997 May 1;245(3):760-7. [PubMed ]
4. Karlsson C, Maret W, Auld DS, Hoog JO, Jornvall H: Variability within mammalian sorbitol dehydrogenases. The primary structure of the human liver enzyme. Eur J Biochem. 1989 Dec 22;186(3):543-50. [PubMed ]
5. Gevaert K, Goethals M, Martens L, Van Damme J, Staes A, Thomas GR, Vandekerckhove J: Exploring proteomes and analyzing protein processing by mass spectrometric identification of sorted N-terminal peptides. Nat Biotechnol. 2003 May;21(5):566-9. Epub 2003 Mar 31. [PubMed ]

1. Melibiase
2. Alpha-D- galactoside galactohydrolase
3. Alpha-D-galactosidase A
4. Agalsidase alfa

MQLRNPELHLGCALALRFLALVSWDIPGARALDNGLARTPTMGWLHWERFMCNLDCQEEP
DSCISEKLFMEMAELMVSEGWKDAGYEYLCIDDCWMAPQRDSEGRLQADPQRFPHGIRQL
ANYVHSKGLKLGIYADVGNKTCAGFPGSFGYYDIDAQTFADWGVDLLKFDGCYCDSLENL
ADGYKHMSLALNRTGRSIVYSCEWPLYMWPFQKPNYTEIRQYCNHWRNFADIDDSWKSIK
SILDWTSFNQERIVDVAGPGGWNDPDMLVIGNFGLSWNQQVTQMALWAIMAAPLFMSNDL
RHISPQAKALLQDKDVIAINQDPLGKQGYQLRQGDNFEVWERPLSGLAWAVAMINRQEIG
GPRSYTIAVASLGKGVACNPACFITQLLPVKRKLGFYEWTSRLRSHINPTGTVLLQLENT
MQMSLKDLL

• Galactose Metabolism (map00052 )
• Globoside metabolism (map00603 )
• Glycerolipid Metabolism (map00561 )
• Sphingolipid Metabolism (map00600 )

• Hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing alpha-D-galactose residues in alpha-D-galactosides, including galactose oligosaccharides, galactomannans and galactohydrolase

• Melibiase (PF02065 )

• 1-31

ATGCAGCTGAGGAACCCAGAACTACATCTGGGCTGCGCGCTTGCGCTTCGCTTCCTGGCC
CTCGTTTCCTGGGACATCCCTGGGGCTAGAGCACTGGACAATGGATTGGCAAGGACGCCT
ACCATGGGCTGGCTGCACTGGGAGCGCTTCATGTGCAACCTTGACTGCCAGGAAGAGCCA
GATTCCTGCATCAGTGAGAAGCTCTTCATGGAGATGGCAGAGCTCATGGTCTCAGAAGGC
TGGAAGGATGCAGGTTATGAGTACCTCTGCATTGATGACTGTTGGATGGCTCCCCAAAGA
GATTCAGAAGGCAGACTTCAGGCAGACCCTCAGCGCTTTCCTCATGGGATTCGCCAGCTA
GCTAATTATGTTCACAGCAAAGGACTGAAGCTAGGGATTTATGCAGATGTTGGAAATAAA
ACCTGCGCAGGCTTCCCTGGGAGTTTTGGATACTACGACATTGATGCCCAGACCTTTGCT
GACTGGGGAGTAGATCTGCTAAAATTTGATGGTTGTTACTGTGACAGTTTGGAAAATTTG
GCAGATGGTTATAAGCACATGTCCTTGGCCCTGAATAGGACTGGCAGAAGCATTGTGTAC
TCCTGTGAGTGGCCTCTTTATATGTGGCCCTTTCAAAAGCCCAATTATACAGAAATCCGA
CAGTACTGCAATCACTGGCGAAATTTTGCTGACATTGATGATTCCTGGAAAAGTATAAAG
AGTATCTTGGACTGGACATCTTTTAACCAGGAGAGAATTGTTGATGTTGCTGGACCAGGG
GGTTGGAATGACCCAGATATGTTAGTGATTGGCAACTTTGGCCTCAGCTGGAATCAGCAA
GTAACTCAGATGGCCCTCTGGGCTATCATGGCTGCTCCTTTATTCATGTCTAATGACCTC
CGACACATCAGCCCTCAAGCCAAAGCTCTCCTTCAGGATAAGGACGTAATTGCCATCAAT
CAGGACCCCTTGGGCAAGCAAGGGTACCAGCTTAGACAGGGAGACAACTTTGAAGTGTGG
GAACGACCTCTCTCAGGCTTAGCCTGGGCTGTAGCTATGATAAACCGGCAGGAGATTGGT
GGACCTCGCTCTTATACCATCGCAGTTGCTTCCCTGGGTAAAGGAGTGGCCTGTAATCCT
GCCTGCTTCATCACACAGCTCCTCCCTGTGAAAAGGAAGCTAGGGTTCTATGAATGGACT
TCAAGGTTAAGAAGTCACATAAATCCCACAGGCACTGTTTTGCTTCAGCTAGAAAATACA
ATGCAGATGTCATTAAAAGACTTACTTTAA

1. Tsuji S, Martin BM, Kaslow DC, Migeon BR, Choudary PV, Stubbleflied BK, Mayor JA, Murray GJ, Barranger JA, Ginns EI: Signal sequence and DNA-mediated expression of human lysosomal alpha-galactosidase A. Eur J Biochem. 1987 Jun 1;165(2):275-80. [PubMed ]
2. Kornreich R, Desnick RJ, Bishop DF: Nucleotide sequence of the human alpha-galactosidase A gene. Nucleic Acids Res. 1989 Apr 25;17(8):3301-2. [PubMed ]
3. Oeltjen JC, Liu X, Lu J, Allen RC, Muzny D, Belmont JW, Gibbs RA: Sixty-nine kilobases of contiguous human genomic sequence containing the alpha-galactosidase A and Bruton's tyrosine kinase loci. Mamm Genome. 1995 May;6(5):334-8. [PubMed ]
4. Bishop DF, Calhoun DH, Bernstein HS, Hantzopoulos P, Quinn M, Desnick RJ: Human alpha-galactosidase A: nucleotide sequence of a cDNA clone encoding the mature enzyme. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Jul;83(13):4859-63. [PubMed ]
5. Quinn M, Hantzopoulos P, Fidanza V, Calhoun DH: A genomic clone containing the promoter for the gene encoding the human lysosomal enzyme, alpha-galactosidase A. Gene. 1987;58(2-3):177-88. [PubMed ]
6. Bishop DF, Kornreich R, Desnick RJ: Structural organization of the human alpha-galactosidase A gene: further evidence for the absence of a 3' untranslated region. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Jun;85(11):3903-7. [PubMed ]
7. Novo FJ, Kruszewski A, MacDermot KD, Goldspink G, Gorecki DC: Editing of human alpha-galactosidase RNA resulting in a pyrimidine to purine conversion. Nucleic Acids Res. 1995 Jul 25;23(14):2636-40. [PubMed ]
8. Eng CM, Desnick RJ: Molecular basis of Fabry disease: mutations and polymorphisms in the human alpha-galactosidase A gene. Hum Mutat. 1994;3(2):103-11. [PubMed ]
9. Koide T, Ishiura M, Iwai K, Inoue M, Kaneda Y, Okada Y, Uchida T: A case of Fabry's disease in a patient with no alpha-galactosidase A activity caused by a single amino acid substitution of Pro-40 by Ser. FEBS Lett. 1990 Jan 1;259(2):353-6. [PubMed ]
10. von Scheidt W, Eng CM, Fitzmaurice TF, Erdmann E, Hubner G, Olsen EG, Christomanou H, Kandolf R, Bishop DF, Desnick RJ: An atypical variant of Fabry's disease with manifestations confined to the myocardium. N Engl J Med. 1991 Feb 7;324(6):395-9. [PubMed ]
11. Sakuraba H, Oshima A, Fukuhara Y, Shimmoto M, Nagao Y, Bishop DF, Desnick RJ, Suzuki Y: Identification of point mutations in the alpha-galactosidase A gene in classical and atypical hemizygotes with Fabry disease. Am J Hum Genet. 1990 Nov;47(5):784-9. [PubMed ]
12. Bernstein HS, Bishop DF, Astrin KH, Kornreich R, Eng CM, Sakuraba H, Desnick RJ: Fabry disease: six gene rearrangements and an exonic point mutation in the alpha-galactosidase gene. J Clin Invest. 1989 Apr;83(4):1390-9. [PubMed ]
13. Ishii S, Sakuraba H, Suzuki Y: Point mutations in the upstream region of the alpha-galactosidase A gene exon 6 in an atypical variant of Fabry disease. Hum Genet. 1992 Apr;89(1):29-32. [PubMed ]
14. Eng CM, Resnick-Silverman LA, Niehaus DJ, Astrin KH, Desnick RJ: Nature and frequency of mutations in the alpha-galactosidase A gene that cause Fabry disease. Am J Hum Genet. 1993 Dec;53(6):1186-97. [PubMed ]
15. Davies JP, Winchester BG, Malcolm S: Mutation analysis in patients with the typical form of Anderson-Fabry disease. Hum Mol Genet. 1993 Jul;2(7):1051-3. [PubMed ]
16. Davies J, Christomanou H, Winchester B, Malcolm S: Detection of 8 new mutations in the alpha-galactosidase A gene in Fabry disease. Hum Mol Genet. 1994 Apr;3(4):667-9. [PubMed ]
17. Eng CM, Niehaus DJ, Enriquez AL, Burgert TS, Ludman MD, Desnick RJ: Fabry disease: twenty-three mutations including sense and antisense CpG alterations and identification of a deletional hot-spot in the alpha-galactosidase A gene. Hum Mol Genet. 1994 Oct;3(10):1795-9. [PubMed ]
18. Okumiya T, Ishii S, Takenaka T, Kase R, Kamei S, Sakuraba H, Suzuki Y: Galactose stabilizes various missense mutants of alpha-galactosidase in Fabry disease. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1995 Sep 25;214(3):1219-24. [PubMed ]
19. Okumiya T, Ishii S, Kase R, Kamei S, Sakuraba H, Suzuki Y: Alpha-galactosidase gene mutations in Fabry disease: heterogeneous expressions of mutant enzyme proteins. Hum Genet. 1995 May;95(5):557-61. [PubMed ]
20. Madsen KM, Hasholt L, Sorensen SA, Fermer ML, Dahl N: Two novel mutations (L32P) and (G85N) among five different missense mutations in six Danish families with Fabry's disease. Hum Mutat. 1995;5(3):277-8. [PubMed ]
21. Nakao S, Takenaka T, Maeda M, Kodama C, Tanaka A, Tahara M, Yoshida A, Kuriyama M, Hayashibe H, Sakuraba H, et al.: An atypical variant of Fabry's disease in men with left ventricular hypertrophy. N Engl J Med. 1995 Aug 3;333(5):288-93. [PubMed ]
22. Davies JP, Eng CM, Hill JA, Malcolm S, MacDermot K, Winchester B, Desnick RJ: Fabry disease: fourteen alpha-galactosidase A mutations in unrelated families from the United Kingdom and other European countries. Eur J Hum Genet. 1996;4(4):219-24. [PubMed ]
23. Cariolou MA, Christodoulides M, Manoli P, Kokkofitou A, Tsambaos D: Novel trinucleotide deletion in Fabry's disease. Hum Genet. 1996 Apr;97(4):468-70. [PubMed ]
24. Germain D, Biasotto M, Tosi M, Meo T, Kahn A, Poenaru L: Fluorescence-assisted mismatch analysis (FAMA) for exhaustive screening of the alpha-galactosidase A gene and detection of carriers in Fabry disease. Hum Genet. 1996 Dec;98(6):719-26. [PubMed ]
25. Blanch LC, Meaney C, Morris CP: A sensitive mutation screening strategy for Fabry disease: detection of nine mutations in the alpha-galactosidase A gene. Hum Mutat. 1996;8(1):38-43. [PubMed ]
26. Redonnet-Vernhet I, Ploos van Amstel JK, Jansen RP, Wevers RA, Salvayre R, Levade T: Uneven X inactivation in a female monozygotic twin pair with Fabry disease and discordant expression of a novel mutation in the alpha-galactosidase A gene. J Med Genet. 1996 Aug;33(8):682-8. [PubMed ]
27. Takata T, Okumiya T, Hayashibe H, Shimmoto M, Kase R, Itoh K, Utsumi K, Kamei S, Sakuraba H: Screening and detection of gene mutations in Japanese patients with Fabry disease by non-radioactive single-stranded conformation polymorphism analysis. Brain Dev. 1997 Mar;19(2):111-6. [PubMed ]
28. Eng CM, Ashley GA, Burgert TS, Enriquez AL, D'Souza M, Desnick RJ: Fabry disease: thirty-five mutations in the alpha-galactosidase A gene in patients with classic and variant phenotypes. Mol Med. 1997 Mar;3(3):174-82. [PubMed ]
29. Miyazaki T, Kajita M, Ohmori S, Mizutani N, Niwa T, Murata Y, Seo H: A novel mutation (E358K) in the alpha-galactosidase A gene detected in a Japanese family with Fabry disease. Hum Mutat. 1998;Suppl 1:S139-40. [PubMed ]
30. Okumiya T, Kawamura O, Itoh K, Kase R, Ishii S, Kamei S, Sakuraba H: Novel missense mutation (M72V) of alpha-galactosidase gene and its expression product in an atypical Fabry hemizygote. Hum Mutat. 1998;Suppl 1:S213-6. [PubMed ]
31. Guffon N, Froissart R, Chevalier-Porst F, Maire I: Mutation analysis in 11 French patients with Fabry disease. Hum Mutat. 1998;Suppl 1:S288-90. [PubMed ]
32. Germain DP, Poenaru L: Fabry disease: identification of novel alpha-galactosidase A mutations and molecular carrier detection by use of fluorescent chemical cleavage of mismatches. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1999 Apr 21;257(3):708-13. [PubMed ]
33. Beyer EM, Karpova EA, Udalova OV, Ploos van Amstel JK, van Diggelen OP, Tsvetkova IV: The multiple cases of Fabry disease in a Russian family caused by an E341K amino acid substitution in the alpha-galactosidase A. Clin Chim Acta. 1999 Feb;280(1-2):81-9. [PubMed ]
34. Topaloglu AK, Ashley GA, Tong B, Shabbeer J, Astrin KH, Eng CM, Desnick RJ: Twenty novel mutations in the alpha-galactosidase A gene causing Fabry disease. Mol Med. 1999 Dec;5(12):806-11. [PubMed ]
35. Lee JK, Kim GH, Kim JS, Kim KK, Lee MC, Yoo HW: Identification of four novel mutations in five unrelated Korean families with Fabry disease. Clin Genet. 2000 Sep;58(3):228-33. [PubMed ]
36. Ashton-Prolla P, Tong B, Shabbeer J, Astrin KH, Eng CM, Desnick RJ: Fabry disease: twenty-two novel mutations in the alpha-galactosidase A gene and genotype/phenotype correlations in severely and mildly affected hemizygotes and heterozygotes. J Investig Med. 2000 Jul;48(4):227-35. [PubMed ]
37. Germain DP, Salard D, Fellmann F, Azibi K, Caillaud C, Bernard MC, Poenaru L: Identification of a novel de novo mutation (G373D) in the alpha-galactosidase A gene (GLA) in a patient affected with Fabry disease. Hum Mutat. 2001 Apr;17(4):353. [PubMed ]
38. Blaydon D, Hill J, Winchester B: Fabry disease: 20 novel GLA mutations in 35 families. Hum Mutat. 2001 Nov;18(5):459. [PubMed ]

1. PAS-3
2. Sialoglycoprotein delta
3. SS-active sialoglycoprotein
4. CD235b antigen

MYGKIIFVLLLSEIVSISALSTTEVAMHTSTSSSVTKSYISSQTNGETGQLVHRFTVPAP
VVIILIILCVMAGIIGTILLISYTIRRLIKA

• Glycophorin_A (PF01102 )

• 1-19

• 60-81

ATGTATGGAAAAATAATCTTTGTATTACTATTGTCAGAAATTGTGAGCATATCAGCATTA
AGTACCACTGAGGTGGCAATGCACACTTCAACCTCTTCTTCAGTCACAAAGAGTTACATC
TCATCACAGACAAATGGAGAAACGGGACAACTTGTCCATCGTTTCACTGTACCAGCTCCT
GTAGTGATAATACTCATTATTTTGTGTGTGATGGCTGGTATTATTGGAACGATCCTCTTA
ATTTCTTACACTATTCGCCGACTGATAAAGGCATGA

1. Siebert PD, Fukuda M: Molecular cloning of a human glycophorin B cDNA: nucleotide sequence and genomic relationship to glycophorin A. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Oct;84(19):6735-9. [PubMed ]
2. Tate CG, Tanner MJ: Isolation of cDNA clones for human erythrocyte membrane sialoglycoproteins alpha and delta. Biochem J. 1988 Sep 15;254(3):743-50. [PubMed ]
3. Kudo S, Fukuda M: Structural organization of glycophorin A and B genes: glycophorin B gene evolved by homologous recombination at Alu repeat sequences. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 Jun;86(12):4619-23. [PubMed ]
4. Huang CH, Blumenfeld OO: Molecular genetics of human erythrocyte MiIII and MiVI glycophorins. Use of a pseudoexon in construction of two delta-alpha-delta hybrid genes resulting in antigenic diversification. J Biol Chem. 1991 Apr 15;266(11):7248-55. [PubMed ]
5. Blanchard D, Dahr W, Hummel M, Latron F, Beyreuther K, Cartron JP: Glycophorins B and C from human erythrocyte membranes. Purification and sequence analysis. J Biol Chem. 1987 Apr 25;262(12):5808-11. [PubMed ]
6. Dahr W, Beyreuther K, Moulds J, Unger P: Hybrid glycophorins from human erythrocyte membranes. I. Isolation and complete structural analysis of the hybrid sialoglycoprotein from Dantu-positive red cells of the N.E. variety. Eur J Biochem. 1987 Jul 1;166(1):31-6. [PubMed ]
7. Huang CH, Spruell P, Moulds JJ, Blumenfeld OO: Molecular basis for the human erythrocyte glycophorin specifying the Miltenberger class I (MiI) phenotype. Blood. 1992 Jul 1;80(1):257-63. [PubMed ]

MIAAQLLAYYFTELKDDQVKKIDKYLYAMRLSDETLIDIMTRFRKEMKNGLSRDFNPTAT
VKMLPTFVRSIPDGSEKGDFIALDLGGSSFRILRVQVNHEKNQNVHMESEVYDTPENIVH
GSGSQLFDHVAECLGDFMEKRKIKDKKLPVGFTFSFPCQQSKIDEAILITWTKRFKASGV
EGADVVKLLNKAIKKRGDYDANIVAVVNDTVGTMMTCGYDDQHCEVGLIIGTGTNACYME
ELRHIDLVEGDEGRMCINTEWGAFGDDGSLEDIRTEFDREIDRGSLNPGKQLFEKMVSGM
YLGELVRLILVKMAKEGLLFEGRITPELLTRGKFNTSDVSAIEKNKEGLHNAKEILTRLG
VEPSDDDCVSVQHVCTIVSFRSANLVAATLGAILNRLRDNKGTPRLRTTVGVDGSLYKTH
PQYSRRFHKTLRRLVPDSDVRFLLSESGSGKGAAMVTAVAYRLAEQHRQIEETLAHFHLT
KDMLLEVKKRMRAEMELGLRKQTHNNAVVKMLPSFVRRTPDGTENGDFLALDLGGTNFRV
LLVKIRSGKKRTVEMHNKIYAIPIEIMQGTGEELFDHIVSCISDFLDYMGIKGPRMPLGF
TFSFPCQQTSLDAGILITWTKGFKATDCVGHDVVTLLRDAIKRREEFDLDVVAVVNDTVG
TMMTCAYEEPTCEVGLIVGTGSNACYMEEMKNVEMVEGDQGQMCINMEWGAFGDNGCLDD
IRTHYDRLVDEYSLNAGKQGYEKMISGMYLGEIVRNILIDFTKKGFLFRGQISETLKTRG
IFETKFLSQIESDRLALLQVRAILQQLGLNSTCDDSILVKTVCGVVSRRAAQLCGAGMAA
VVDKIRENRGLDRLNVTVGVDGTLYKLHPHFSRIMHQTVKELSPKCNVSFLLSEDGSGKG
AALITAVGVRLRTEASS

• None

• None

ATGATCGCCGCGCAGCTCCTGGCCTATTACTTCACGGAGCTGAAGGATGACCAGGTCAAA
AAGATTGACAAGTATCTGTATGCCATGCGGCTCTCCGATGAAACTCTCATAGATATCATG
ACTCGCTTCAGGAAGGAGATGAAGAATGGCCTCTCCCGGGATTTTAATCCAACAGCCACA
GTCAAGATGTTGCCAACATTCGTAAGGTCCATTCCTGATGGCTCTGAAAAGGGAGATTTC
ATTGCCCTGGATCTTGGTGGGTCTTCCTTTCGAATTCTGCGGGTGCAAGTGAATCATGAG
AAAAACCAGAATGTTCACATGGAGTCCGAGGTTTATGACACCCCAGAGAACATCGTGCAC
GGCAGTGGAAGCCAGCTTTTTGATCATGTTGCTGAGTGCCTGGGAGATTTCATGGAGAAA
AGGAAGATCAAGGACAAGAAGTTACCTGTGGGATTCACGTTTTCTTTTCCTTGCCAACAA
TCCAAAATAGATGAGGCCATCCTGATCACCTGGACAAAGCGATTTAAAGCGAGCGGAGTG
GAAGGAGCAGATGTGGTCAAACTGCTTAACAAAGCCATCAAAAAGCGAGGGGACTATGAT
GCCAACATCGTAGCTGTGGTGAATGACACAGTGGGCACCATGATGACCTGTGGCTATGAC
GACCAGCACTGTGAAGTCGGCCTGATCATCGGCACTGGCACCAATGCTTGCTACATGGAG
GAACTGAGGCACATTGATCTGGTGGAAGGAGACGAGGGGAGGATGTGTATCAATACAGAA
TGGGGAGCCTTTGGAGACGATGGATCATTAGAAGACATCCGGACAGAGTTTGACAGGGAG
ATAGACCGGGGATCCCTCAACCCTGGAAAACAGCTGTTTGAGAAGATGGTCAGTGGCATG
TACTTGGGAGAGCTGGTTCGACTGATCCTAGTCAAGATGGCCAAGGAGGGCCTCTTATTT
GAAGGGCGGATCACCCCGGAGCTGCTCACCCGAGGGAAGTTTAACACCAGTGATGTGTCA
GCCATCGAAAAGAATAAGGAAGGCCTCCACAATGCCAAAGAAATCCTGACCCGCCTGGGA
GTGGAGCCGTCCGATGATGACTGTGTCTCAGTCCAGCACGTTTGCACCATTGTCTCATTT
CGCTCAGCCAACTTGGTGGCTGCCACACTGGGCGCCATCTTGAACCGCCTGCGTGATAAC
AAGGGCACACCCAGGCTGCGGACCACGGTTGGTGTCGACGGATCTCTTTACAAGACGCAC
CCACAGTATTCCCGGCGTTTCCACAAGACTCTAAGGCGCTTGGTGCCAGACTCCGATGTG
CGCTTCCTCCTCTCGGAGAGTGGCAGCGGCAAGGGGGCTGCCATGGTGACGGCGGTGGCC
TACCGCTTGGCCGAGCAGCACCGGCAGATAGAGGAGACCCTGGCTCATTTCCACCTCACC
AAAGACATGCTGCTGGAGGTGAAGAAGAGGATGCGGGCCGAGATGGAGCTGGGGCTGAGG
AAGCAGACGCACAACAATGCCGTGGTTAAGATGCTGCCCTCCTTCGTCCGGAGAACTCCC
GACGGGACCGAGAATGGTGACTTCTTGGCCCTGGATCTTGGAGGAACCAATTTCCGTGTG
CTGCTGGTGAAAATCCGTAGTGGGAAAAAGAGAACGGTGGAAATGCACAACAAGATCTAC
GCCATTCCTATTGAAATCATGCAGGGCACTGGGGAAGAGCTGTTTGATCACATTGTCTCC
TGCATCTCTGACTTCTTGGACTACATGGGGATCAAAGGCCCCAGGATGCCTCTGGGCTTC
ACGTTCTCATTTCCCTGCCAGCAGACGAGTCTGGACGCGGGAATCTTGATCACGTGGACA
AAGGGTTTTAAGGCAACAGACTGCGTGGGCCACGATGTAGTCACCTTACTAAGGGATGCG
ATAAAAAGGAGAGAGGAATTTGACCTGGACGTGGTGGCTGTGGTCAACGACACAGTGGGC
ACCATGATGACCTGTGCTTATGAGGAGCCCACCTGTGAGGTTGGACTCATTGTTGGGACC
GGCAGCAATGCCTGCTACATGGAGGAGATGAAGAACGTGGAGATGGTGGAGGGGGACCAG
GGGCAGATGTGCATCAACATGGAGTGGGGGGCCTTTGGGGACAACGGGTGTCTGGATGAT
ATCAGGACACACTACGACAGACTGGTGGACGAATATTCCCTAAATGCTGGGAAACAAGGG
TATGAGAAGATGATCAGTGGTATGTACCTGGGTGAAATCGTCCGCAACATCTTAATCGAC
TTCACCAAGAAGGGATTCCTCTTCCGAGGGCAGATCTCTGAGACGCTGAAGACCCGGGGC
ATCTTTGAGACCAAGTTTCTCTCTCAGATCGAGAGTGACCGATTAGCACTGCTCCAGGTC
CGGGCTATCCTCCAGCAGCTAGGTCTGAATAGCACCTGCGATGACAGTATCCTCGTCAAG
ACAGTGTGCGGGGTGGTGTCCAGGAGGGCCGCACAGCTGTGTGGCGCAGGCATGGCTGCG
GTTGTGGATAAGATCCGCGAGAACAGAGGACTGGACCGTCTGAATGTGACTGTGGGAGTG
GACGGGACACTCTACAAGCTTCATCCACACTTCTCCAGAATCATGCACCAGACGGTGAAG
GAACTGTCACCAAAATGTAACGTGTCCTTCCTCCTGTCTGAGGATGGCAGCGGCAAGGGG
GCCGCCCTCATCACGGCCGTGGGCGTGCGGTTACGCACAGAGGCAAGCAGCTAA

MASRLLLNNGAKMPILGLGTWKSPPGQVTEAVKVAIDVGYRHIDCAHVYQNENEVGVAIQ
EKLREQVVKREELFIVSKLWCTYHEKGLVKGACQKTLSDLKLDYLDLYLIHWPTGFKPGK
EFFPLDESGNVVPSDTNILDTWAAMEELVDEGLVKAIGISNFNHLQVEMILNKPGLKYKP
AVNQIECHPYLTQEKLIQYCQSKGIVVTAYSPLGSPDRPWAKPEDPSLLEDPRIKAIAAK
HNKTTAQVLIRFPMQRNLVVIPKSVTPERIAENFKVFDFELSSQDMTTLLSYNRNWRVCA
LLSCTSHKDYPFHEEF

• Aldo_ket_red (PF00248 )

• None

• None