Legend: enzyme field
| Version | 2.5 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Creation Date | 2005-11-16 15:48:42 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Update Date | 2010-01-25 12:16:42 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Accession Number | HMDB00279 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Secondary Accession Numbers | Not Available | ||||||||||||||||||
| Common Name | Saccharopine | ||||||||||||||||||
| Description | Saccharopine is an intermediate in the degradation of lysine, formed by condensation of lysine and alpha-ketoglutarate. The saccharopine pathway is the main route for lysine degradation in mammal and its first two reactions are catalyzed by enzymatic activities known as lysine-oxoglutarate reductase (LOR) and saccharopine dehydrogenase (SDH), which reside on a single bifunctional polypeptide (EC EC 1.5.1.8, LOR/SDH). The reactions involved by saccharopine dehydrogenases have a very strict substrate specificity for L-lysine, 2-oxoglutarate and NADPH. LOR/SDH has been detected in a number of mammalian tissues, mainly in the liver and kidney, contributing not only to the general nitrogen balance in the organism but also to the controlled conversion of lysine into ketone bodies. A tetrameric form has also been observed in human liver and placenta. LOR activity has also been detected in brain mitochondria during embryonic development, and this opens the question of whether the degradation of lysine has any functional significance during brain development and puts a new focus on the nutritional requirements for lysine in gestation and infancy. Finally, LOR and/or SDH deficiencies seem to be involved in a human autosomic genetic disorder known as familial hyperlysinemia, which is characterized by serious defects in the functioning of the nervous system, and characterized by deficiency in lysine-ketoglutarate reductase, saccharopine dehydrogenase, and saccharopine oxidoreductase activities. Saccharopinuria (high amounts of saccharopine in the urine) and saccharopinemia (an excess of saccharopine in the blood) are conditions present in some inherited disorders of lysine degradation. (PMID: 463877, 10567240, 10772957, 4809305) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Synonyms |
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| Chemical IUPAC Name | (2S)-2-[[(5S)-5-amino-6-hydroxy-6-oxohexyl]amino]pentanedioic acid | ||||||||||||||||||
| Chemical Formula | C11H20N2O6 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Chemical Structure | |||||||||||||||||||
| Chemical Taxonomy |
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| Average Molecular Weight | 276.286 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Monoisotopic Molecular Weight | 276.132141 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Isomeric SMILES | N[C@@H](CCCCN[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O)C(O)=O | ||||||||||||||||||
| Canonical SMILES | NC(CCCCNC(CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O)C(O)=O | ||||||||||||||||||
| KEGG Compound ID | C00449 ![]() |
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| BioCyc ID | SACCHAROPINE ![]() |
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| BiGG ID | 1484994 ![]() |
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| Wikipedia Link | Saccharopine ![]() |
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| NuGOwiki Link | HMDB00279 ![]() |
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| Metagene Link | HMDB00279 ![]() |
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| METLIN ID | 383 ![]() |
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| PubChem Compound | 160556 ![]() |
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| PubChem Substance | 3737 ![]() |
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| ChEBI ID | 16927 ![]() |
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| CAS Registry Number | 997-68-2 | ||||||||||||||||||
| InChI Identifier | InChI=1/C11H20N2O6/c12-7(10(16)17)3-1-2-6-13-8(11(18)19)4-5-9(14)15/h7-8,13H,1-6,12H2,(H,14,15)(H,16,17)(H,18,19)/t7-,8-/m0/s1 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Synthesis Reference | Burkard, Ulrike; Walther, Ingrid; Effenberger, Franz. Amino acids. 6. Investigations on the synthesis of L-saccharopin. Liebigs Annalen der Chemie (1986), (6), 1030-43. | ||||||||||||||||||
| Melting Point (Experimental) | 247-250 oC | ||||||||||||||||||
| Experimental Water Solubility | Not Available Source: PhysProp | ||||||||||||||||||
| Predicted Water Solubility | 5.25 mg/mL [Predicted by ALOGPS] Calculated using ALOGPS | ||||||||||||||||||
| Physiological Charge | -1 | ||||||||||||||||||
| State | Solid | ||||||||||||||||||
| Experimental LogP/Hydrophobicity | Not Available Source: PhysProp | ||||||||||||||||||
| Predicted LogP/Hydrophobicity | -2.77 [Predicted by ALOGPS]; -5.3 [Predicted by PubChem via XLOGP] Calculated using ALOGPS | ||||||||||||||||||
| Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) | |||||||||||||||||||
| MOL File | Show | ||||||||||||||||||
| SDF File | Show | ||||||||||||||||||
| PDB File | Show | ||||||||||||||||||
| 2D Structure | |||||||||||||||||||
| 3D Structure | |||||||||||||||||||
| Experimental PDB ID | Not Available | ||||||||||||||||||
| Experimental 1H NMR Spectrum | Download Spectrum Download FID (Varian) Show Experimental Conditions ![]() |
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| Experimental 13C NMR Spectrum | Not Available | ||||||||||||||||||
| Experimental 13C HSQC Spectrum | Download Spectrum Download FID (Bruker) Show Experimental Conditions ![]() |
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| Predicted 1H NMR Spectrum |
Show Image Show Peaklist |
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| Predicted 13C NMR Spectrum |
Show Image Show Peaklist |
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| Mass Spectrum | Not Available | ||||||||||||||||||
| Simplified TOCSY Spectrum | Not Available | ||||||||||||||||||
| BMRB Spectrum | Not Available | ||||||||||||||||||
| Cellular Location |
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| Biofluid Location | Not Available | ||||||||||||||||||
| Tissue Location | Not Available | ||||||||||||||||||
| Concentrations (Normal) | Not Available | ||||||||||||||||||
| Concentrations (Abnormal) | Not Available | ||||||||||||||||||
| Associated Disorders | Not Available | ||||||||||||||||||
| OMIM ID | Not Available | ||||||||||||||||||
| Pathways |
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| General References |
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| Metabolic Enzymes |
| Enzyme 1 [top] | |||||||
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| Enzyme 1 ID | 6133 | ||||||
| Enzyme 1 Name | Alpha-aminoadipic semialdehyde synthase, mitochondrial precursor | ||||||
| Enzyme 1 Synonyms |
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| Enzyme 1 Gene Name | AASS | ||||||
| Enzyme 1 Protein Sequence |
>Alpha-aminoadipic semialdehyde synthase, mitochondrial precursor
MLQVHRTGLGRLGVSLSKGLHHKAVLAVRREDVNAWERRAPLAPKHIKGITNLGYKVLIQ PSNRRAIHDKDYVKAGGILQEDISEACLILGVKRPPEEKLMSRKTYAFFSHTIKAQEANM GLLDEILKQEIRLIDYEKMVDHRGVRVVAFGQWAGVAGMINILHGMGLRLLALGHHTPFM HIGMAHNYRNSSQAVQAVRDAGYEISLGLMPKSIGPLTFVFTGTGNVSKGAQAIFNELPC EYVEPHELKEVSQTGDLRKVYGTVLSRHHHLVRKTDAVYDPAEYDKHPERYISRFNTDIA PYTTCLINGIYWEQNTPRLLTRQDAQSLLAPGKFSPAGVEGCPALPHKLVAICDISADTG GSIEFMTECTTIEHPFCMYDADQHIIHDSVEGSGILMCSIDNLPAQLPIEATECFGDMLY PYVEEMILSDATQPLESQNFSPVVRDAVITSNGTLPDKYKYIQTLRESRERAQSLSMGTR RKVLVLGSGYISEPVLEYLSRDGNIEITVGSDMKNQIEQLGKKYNINPVSMDICKQEEKL GFLVAKQDLVISLLPYVLHPLVAKACITNKVNMVTASYITPALKELEKSVEDAGITIIGE LGLDPGLDHMLAMETIDKAKEVGATIESYISYCGGLPAPEHSNNPLRYKFSWSPVGVLMN VMQSATYLLDGKVVNVAGGISFLDAVTSMDFFPGLNLEGYPNRDSTKYAEIYGISSAHTL LRGTLRYKGYMKALNGFVKLGLINREALPAFRPEANPLTWKQLLCDLVGISPSSEHDVLK EAVLKKLGGDNTQLEAAEWLGLLGDEQVPQAESILDALSKHLVMKLSYGPEEKDMIVMRD SFGIRHPSGHLEHKTIDLVAYGDINGFSAMAKTVGLPTAMAAKMLLDGEIGAKGLMGPFS KEIYGPILERIKAEGIIYTTQSTIKP |
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| Enzyme 1 Number of Residues | 926 | ||||||
| Enzyme 1 Molecular Weight | 102133 | ||||||
| Enzyme 1 Theoretical pI | 6.62 | ||||||
| Enzyme 1 GO Classification |
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| Enzyme 1 General Function | Amino acid transport and metabolism | ||||||
| Enzyme 1 Specific Function | Bifunctional enzyme that catalyzes the first two steps in lysine degradation. The N-terminal and the C-terminal contain lysine-ketoglutarate reductase and saccharopine dehydrogenase activity, respectively | ||||||
| Enzyme 1 Pathways |
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| Enzyme 1 Reactions |
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| Enzyme 1 Pfam Domain Function | |||||||
| Enzyme 1 Signals |
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| Enzyme 1 Transmembrane Regions |
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| Enzyme 1 Essentiality | Not Available | ||||||
| Enzyme 1 GenBank ID Protein | 7264724 ![]() |
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| Enzyme 1 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID | Q9UDR5 ![]() |
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| Enzyme 1 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name | AASS_HUMAN ![]() |
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| Enzyme 1 PDB ID | Not Available | ||||||
| Enzyme 1 Cellular Location | Not Available | ||||||
| Enzyme 1 Gene Sequence |
>2781 bp
ATGCTGCAAGTACATAGGACTGGACTGGGCAGGCTGGGGGTCAGCCTCTCCAAGGGTCTT CACCACAAAGCTGTGTTGGCCGTCCGGAGGGAGGATGTGAACGCCTGGGAGAGAAGGGCC CCGCTAGCTCCCAAGCACATCAAAGGCATCACCAATCTGGGATACAAGGTCTTGATACAG CCTTCGAATCGGCGGGCCATTCATGATAAGGACTATGTCAAAGCTGGTGGCATTCTTCAG GAGGATATTTCTGAAGCTTGTCTAATTTTAGGAGTTAAAAGACCTCCAGAGGAAAAATTA ATGTCCAGGAAGACTTATGCATTTTTCTCCCACACAATAAAAGCTCAGGAGGCCAATATG GGCTTGTTGGATGAGATTCTAAAACAGGAAATTCGCCTTATTGATTATGAGAAAATGGTG GATCATAGAGGAGTACGGGTAGTGGCATTTGGACAGTGGGCTGGTGTGGCAGGAATGATC AACATTTTACATGGAATGGGTTTAAGGCTCCTTGCTTTGGGACATCACACACCTTTTATG CACATTGGCATGGCTCATAACTACAGGAATAGCAGTCAGGCTGTGCAAGCTGTCCGTGAT GCTGGCTATGAAATATCTTTGGGTTTGATGCCTAAGTCAATAGGACCCTTAACATTTGTG TTCACAGGAACTGGTAATGTTTCTAAGGGAGCCCAAGCAATCTTTAATGAGCTACCTTGT GAATATGTGGAGCCCCATGAATTAAAAGAAGTTTCCCAAACTGGAGACCTCAGAAAAGTG TATGGGACGGTGTTAAGTCGTCATCATCATCTTGTCAGGAAAACAGATGCTGTGTATGAT CCTGCAGAGTATGACAAACATCCGGAGCGCTACATAAGTCGTTTTAATACTGATATTGCA CCCTATACAACTTGCTTAATTAATGGAATCTACTGGGAACAAAACACTCCTCGCCTCCTA ACCCGCCAAGATGCTCAGAGTCTCCTGGCTCCGGGCAAGTTCTCACCTGCTGGTGTGGAA GGCTGCCCTGCATTACCACACAAACTCGTGGCAATATGTGACATTTCAGCTGACACAGGA GGGTCTATAGAGTTTATGACTGAGTGTACAACAATAGAGCATCCCTTTTGCATGTATGAT GCAGACCAGCATATTATTCATGACAGTGTTGAAGGCTCGGGGATCCTGATGTGTTCCATT GACAATTTGCCGGCACAGCTCCCAATTGAAGCTACAGAATGCTTTGGAGACATGCTTTAC CCTTATGTTGAAGAAATGATATTATCAGACGCGACACAGCCTCTTGAAAGTCAGAATTTT TCTCCTGTGGTGAGAGATGCAGTGATTACATCCAACGGTACATTACCTGATAAATATAAA TATATCCAGACACTCCGGGAGAGCAGGGAACGTGCTCAGTCACTTTCAATGGGCACCAGG AGAAAGGTTTTGGTTCTTGGATCTGGCTACATATCTGAGCCTGTATTAGAATATTTATCA AGAGATGGCAATATAGAAATAACAGTAGGATCTGACATGAAGAATCAAATTGAACAGTTA GGCAAGAAATATAATATTAATCCTGTTAGCATGGACATTTGTAAACAAGAAGAGAAGCTG GGCTTCTTGGTGGCAAAACAGGATCTTGTCATCAGCTTGTTGCCTTATGTATTGCACCCT CTTGTGGCCAAGGCCTGCATCACAAACAAAGTTAACATGGTCACTGCAAGCTACATCACA CCAGCACTAAAAGAATTGGAAAAGAGTGTGGAAGATGCTGGCATCACAATCATTGGTGAA TTGGGATTGGACCCTGGTCTGGATCACATGTTAGCAATGGAAACAATAGATAAAGCCAAG GAAGTGGGAGCCACGATTGAATCATATATTTCCTACTGTGGTGGGCTTCCAGCCCCTGAA CATTCAAACAATCCATTGAGATATAAATTTAGCTGGAGTCCAGTGGGAGTTTTGATGAAT GTAATGCAGTCTGCCACCTATCTGCTCGATGGAAAGGTTGTGAATGTTGCAGGAGGCATC TCCTTTCTTGATGCCGTTACGTCCATGGATTTTTTTCCAGGATTAAATTTGGAAGGCTAT CCTAACAGAGACAGTACGAAATATGCTGAGATTTATGGCATTTCTTCTGCTCACACTTTG TTGCGGGGGACACTGAGATATAAGGGATATATGAAAGCTTTGAATGGATTTGTAAAATTA GGTCTTATAAACAGAGAAGCGCTTCCTGCCTTTAGACCTGAGGCCAACCCTCTCACCTGG AAACAACTCCTCTGTGACCTAGTTGGGATTTCACCCTCCTCTGAGCATGATGTGTTGAAG GAAGCTGTTCTTAAGAAACTAGGAGGAGACAATACCCAGTTGGAGGCTGCTGAATGGTTG GGCTTACTTGGGGATGAACAAGTTCCTCAGGCAGAGTCCATTCTGGATGCCCTCTCCAAG CATTTGGTCATGAAGCTTTCCTATGGTCCTGAAGAAAAAGATATGATTGTGATGAGAGAC AGCTTTGGAATCAGACATCCTTCTGGACATTTAGAACATAAAACGATTGATCTTGTGGCT TATGGGGACATCAATGGCTTTTCAGCCATGGCTAAAACCGTGGGGTTACCCACCGCCATG GCAGCCAAAATGTTGCTTGATGGTGAAATTGGAGCCAAAGGCCTAATGGGGCCCTTTTCA AAGGAGATCTATGGACCAATATTGGAGCGAATTAAAGCAGAAGGCATTATATATACTACA CAGAGTACAATTAAACCATAA |
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| Enzyme 1 GenBank Gene ID | AF229180 ![]() |
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| Enzyme 1 GeneCard ID | AASS ![]() |
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| Enzyme 1 GenAtlas ID | AASS ![]() |
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| Enzyme 1 HGNC ID | HGNC:17366 ![]() |
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| Enzyme 1 Chromosome Location | 7 | ||||||
| Enzyme 1 Locus | 7q31.3 | ||||||
| Enzyme 1 SNPs | SNPJam Report ![]() |
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| Enzyme 1 General References |
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| Enzyme 1 Metabolite References | Not Available | ||||||
| Enzyme 2 [top] | |||||||
| Enzyme 2 ID | 12886 | ||||||
| Enzyme 2 Name | Probable saccharopine dehydrogenase | ||||||
| Enzyme 2 Synonyms | Not Available | ||||||
| Enzyme 2 Gene Name | SCCPDH | ||||||
| Enzyme 2 Protein Sequence |
>Probable saccharopine dehydrogenase
MATEQRPFHLVVFGASGFTGQFVTEEVAREQVDPERSSRLPWAVAGRSREKLQRVLEKAA LKLGRPTLSSEVGIIICDIANPASLDEMAKQATVVLNCVGPYRFYGEPVIKACIENGASC IDISGEPQFLELMQLKYHEKAADKGVYIIGSSGFDSIPADLGVIYTRNKMNGTLTAVESF LTIHSGPEGLSIHDGTWKSAIYGFGDQSNLRKLRNVSNLKPVPLIGPKLKRRWPISYCRE LKGYSIPFMGSDVSVVRRTQRYLYENLEESPVQYAAYVTVGGITSVIKLMFAGLFFLFFV RFGIGRQLLIKFPWFFSFGYFSKQGPTQKQIDAASFTLTFFGQGYSQGTGTDKNKPNIKI CTQVKGPEAGYVATPIAMVQAAMTLLSDASHLPKAGGVFTPGAAFSKTKLIDRLNKHGIE FSVISSSEV |
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| Enzyme 2 Number of Residues | 429 | ||||||
| Enzyme 2 Molecular Weight | 47152 | ||||||
| Enzyme 2 Theoretical pI | Not Available | ||||||
| Enzyme 2 GO Classification | Not Available | ||||||
| Enzyme 2 General Function | Not Available | ||||||
| Enzyme 2 Specific Function | N(6)-(L-1,3-dicarboxypropyl)-L-lysine + NAD(+) + H(2)O = L-glutamate + 2-aminoadipate 6-semialdehyde + NADH | ||||||
| Enzyme 2 Pathways |
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| Enzyme 2 Reactions |
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| Enzyme 2 Pfam Domain Function |
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| Enzyme 2 Signals |
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| Enzyme 2 Transmembrane Regions |
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| Enzyme 2 Essentiality | Not Available | ||||||
| Enzyme 2 GenBank ID Protein | 4929567 ![]() |
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| Enzyme 2 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID | Q8NBX0 ![]() |
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| Enzyme 2 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name | SCPDH_HUMAN ![]() |
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| Enzyme 2 PDB ID | Not Available | ||||||
| Enzyme 2 Cellular Location | Not Available | ||||||
| Enzyme 2 Gene Sequence | Not Available | ||||||
| Enzyme 2 GenBank Gene ID | AF151807 ![]() |
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| Enzyme 2 GeneCard ID | Not Available | ||||||
| Enzyme 2 GenAtlas ID | SCCPDH ![]() |
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| Enzyme 2 HGNC ID | HGNC:24275 ![]() |
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| Enzyme 2 Chromosome Location | Not Available | ||||||
| Enzyme 2 Locus | Not Available | ||||||
| Enzyme 2 SNPs | SNPJam Report ![]() |
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| Enzyme 2 General References |
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| Enzyme 2 Metabolite References | Not Available | ||||||
| Enzyme 3 [top] | |||||||
| Enzyme 3 ID | 13067 | ||||||
| Enzyme 3 Name | Aminoadipate-semialdehyde synthase | ||||||
| Enzyme 3 Synonyms |
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| Enzyme 3 Gene Name | AASS | ||||||
| Enzyme 3 Protein Sequence |
>Aminoadipate-semialdehyde synthase
MLQVHRTGLGRLGVSLSKGLHHKAVLAVRREDVNAWERRAPLAPKHIKGITNLGYKVLIQ PSNRRAIHDKDYVKAGGILQEDISEACLILGVKRPPEEKLMSRKTYAFFSHTIKAQEANM GLLDEILKQEIRLIDYEKMVDHRGVRVVAFGQWAGVAGMINILHGMGLRLLALGHHTPFM HIGMAHNYRNSSQAVQAVRDAGYEISLGLMPKSIGPLTFVFTGTGNVSKGAQAIFNELPC EYVEPHELKEVSQTGDLRKVYGTVLSRHHHLVRKTDAVYDPAEYDKHPERYISRFNTDIA PYTTCLINGIYWEQNTPRLLTRQDAQSLLAPGKFSPAGVEGCPALPHKLVAICDISADTG GSIEFMTECTTIEHPFCMYDADQHIIHDSVEGSGILMCSIDNLPAQLPIEATECFGDMLY PYVEEMILSDATQPLESQNFSPVVRDAVITSNGTLPDKYKYIQTLRESRERAQSLSMGTR RKVLVLGSGYISEPVLEYLSRDGNIEITVGSDMKNQIEQLGKKYNINPVSMDICKQEEKL GFLVAKQDLVISLLPYVLHPLVAKACITNKVNMVTASYITPALKELEKSVEDAGITIIGE LGLDPGLDHMLAMETIDKAKEVGATIESYISYCGGLPAPEHSNNPLRYKFSWSPVGVLMN VMQSATYLLDGKVVNVAGGISFLDAVTSMDFFPGLNLEGYPNRDSTKYAEIYGISSAHTL LRGTLRYKGYMKALNGFVKLGLINREALPAFRPEANPLTWKQLLCDLVGISPSSEHDVLK EAVLKKLGGDNTQLEAAEWLGLLGDEQVPQAESILDALSKHLVMKLSYGPEEKDMIVMRD SFGIRHPSGHLEHKTIDLVAYGDINGFSAMAKTVGLPTAMAAKMLLDGEIGAKGLMGPFS KEIYGPILERIKAEGIIYTTQSTIKP |
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| Enzyme 3 Number of Residues | 926 | ||||||
| Enzyme 3 Molecular Weight | 102133 | ||||||
| Enzyme 3 Theoretical pI | 6.62 | ||||||
| Enzyme 3 GO Classification |
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| Enzyme 3 General Function | Amino acid transport and metabolism | ||||||
| Enzyme 3 Specific Function | Not Available | ||||||
| Enzyme 3 Pathways | Not Available | ||||||
| Enzyme 3 Reactions | Not Available | ||||||
| Enzyme 3 Pfam Domain Function | |||||||
| Enzyme 3 Signals |
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| Enzyme 3 Transmembrane Regions |
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| Enzyme 3 Essentiality | Not Available | ||||||
| Enzyme 3 GenBank ID Protein | Not Available | ||||||
| Enzyme 3 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID | A4D0W4 ![]() |
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| Enzyme 3 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name | A4D0W4_HUMAN ![]() |
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| Enzyme 3 PDB ID | Not Available | ||||||
| Enzyme 3 Cellular Location | Not Available | ||||||
| Enzyme 3 Gene Sequence | Not Available | ||||||
| Enzyme 3 GenBank Gene ID | CH236947 ![]() |
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| Enzyme 3 GeneCard ID | A4D0W4 ![]() |
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| Enzyme 3 GenAtlas ID | Not Available | ||||||
| Enzyme 3 HGNC ID | Not Available | ||||||
| Enzyme 3 Chromosome Location | Not Available | ||||||
| Enzyme 3 Locus | Not Available | ||||||
| Enzyme 3 SNPs | SNPJam Report ![]() |
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| Enzyme 3 General References |
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| Enzyme 3 Metabolite References | Not Available | ||||||