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Human Metabolome Database Version 2.5

 

Showing metabocard for Vanillylmandelic acid (HMDB00291)

Legend: metabolite field enzyme field

Version 2.5
Creation Date 2005-11-16 15:48:42
Update Date 2009-05-05 20:57:50
Accession Number HMDB00291
Secondary Accession Numbers Not Available
Common Name Vanillylmandelic acid
Description Vanillylmandelic acid is one of the products of the catabolism of catecholamines (epinephrine, norepinephrine and dopamine). High levels of vanillylmandelic acid can indicate an adrenal gland tumor (pheochromocytoma) or another type of tumor that produces catecholamines. (WebMD)
Synonyms
  1. (4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)glycolate
  2. (4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)glycolic acid
  3. 3-Methoxy-4-hydroxymandelate
  4. 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-mandelic acid
  5. 3-methoxy-4-hydroxymandelic acid
  6. 3-Methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylhydroxyacetate
  7. 3-Methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylhydroxyacetic acid
  8. 4-hydroxy 3-methoxymandelic acid
  9. 4'-Hydroxy-3'-methoxymandelate
  10. 4'-Hydroxy-3'-methoxymandelic acid
  11. 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-DL-mandelate
  12. 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-DL-mandelic acid
  13. 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxymandelate
  14. 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxymandelic acid
  15. 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-Mandelate
  16. 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-Mandelic acid
  17. DL-3-Methoxy-4-hydroxymandelate
  18. DL-3-Methoxy-4-hydroxymandelic acid
  19. DL-4-Hydroxy-3-methoxymandelate
  20. DL-4-Hydroxy-3-methoxymandelic acid
  21. DL-vanillomandelate
  22. DL-vanillomandelic acid
  23. DL-vanillylmandelate
  24. DL-vanillylmandelic acid
  25. HMMA
  26. Hydroxymethoxymandelic acid
  27. Lopac-H-0131
  28. VMA
  29. Vanillinmandelate
  30. Vanillinmandelic acid
  31. Vanillomandelate
  32. Vanillomandelic acid
  33. Vanillylmandelate
  34. Vanilmandelate
  35. Vanilmandelic acid
  36. vainillylmandelic acid
  37. vanillyl-mandelic acid
  38. vanillylmandellic acid
  39. vanillymandelic acid
  40. vanilylmandelic acid
  41. vanyl-mandelic acid
  42. vanylmandelic acid
Chemical IUPAC Name (2S)-2-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)acetic acid
Chemical Formula C9H10O5
Chemical Structure Structure
Chemical Taxonomy
Kingdom
  • Organic
Super Class
  • Alcohols
Class
  • Catecholamines and Derivatives
Sub Class
  • Vanillic catecholamines
Family
  • Mammalian Metabolite
Species
  • secondary alcohol
  • phenol or hydroxyhetarene
  • alkyl aryl ether
  • carboxylic acid
  • aromatic compound
  • alpha-hydroxyacid
Biofunction
—
Application
—
Source
  • Endogenous
Average Molecular Weight 198.173
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight 198.052826
Isomeric SMILES COC1=C(O)C=CC(=C1)[C@H](O)C(O)=O
Canonical SMILES COC1=C(O)C=CC(=C1)C(O)C(O)=O
KEGG Compound ID C05584 Link Image
BioCyc ID Not Available
BiGG ID 46071 Link Image
Wikipedia Link Vanillylmandelic acid Link Image
NuGOwiki Link HMDB00291 Link Image
Metagene Link HMDB00291 Link Image
METLIN ID 697 Link Image
PubChem Compound 736172 Link Image
PubChem Substance 11111249 Link Image
ChEBI ID Not Available
CAS Registry Number 55-10-7
InChI Identifier InChI=1/C9H10O5/c1-14-7-4-5(2-3-6(7)10)8(11)9(12)13/h2-4,8,10-11H,1H3,(H,12,13)/t8-/m0/s1
Synthesis Reference Recondo, E. F.; Rinderknecht, H. Preparation of epinephrine and norepinephrine metabolites, 3-methoxy-4-hydroxymandelic acid and 3,4-dihydroxymandelic acid. Journal of Organic Chemistry (1960), 25 2248-50.
Melting Point (Experimental) 132-134 oC
Experimental Water Solubility Not Available Source: PhysProp
Predicted Water Solubility 5.16 mg/mL [Predicted by ALOGPS] Calculated using ALOGPS
Physiological Charge -1
State Solid
Experimental LogP/Hydrophobicity Not Available Source: PhysProp
Predicted LogP/Hydrophobicity 0 [Predicted by PubChem via XLOGP]; 0.94 [Predicted by ALOGPS] Calculated using ALOGPS
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)
MOL File Show
SDF File Show
PDB File Show
2D Structure
3D Structure
Experimental PDB ID Not Available
Experimental 1H NMR Spectrum Download Spectrum
Download FID (Varian)
Show Experimental Conditions Link Image
Experimental 13C NMR Spectrum Not Available
Experimental 13C HSQC Spectrum Download Spectrum
Download FID (Bruker)
Show Experimental Conditions Link Image
Predicted 1H NMR Spectrum Show Image
Show Peaklist
Predicted 13C NMR Spectrum Show Image
Show Peaklist
Mass Spectrum
Low Energy
Download File
Show Experimental Conditions Link Image
Medium Energy
Download File
Show Experimental Conditions Link Image
High Energy
Download File
Show Experimental Conditions Link Image
Simplified TOCSY Spectrum Not Available
BMRB Spectrum Not Available
Cellular Location
  • Cytoplasm
Biofluid Location
  • Blood
  • Urine
Tissue Location
Tissue References
Adrenal Gland —
Epidermis —
Thyroid Gland —
Concentrations (Normal)
Biofluid Blood
Value 0.035 +/- 0.008 uM
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex Male
Patient information Normal
Comments Not Available
References
  • Geigy Scientific Tables, 8th Rev edition, pp. 165-177. Edited by C. Lentner, West Cadwell, N.J.: Medical education Div., Ciba-Geigy Corp., Basel, Switzerland c1981-1992.
Biofluid Urine
Value 12.5 (3.7-21.8) umol/mmol creatinine
Age Newborn:0-30 days old
Sex Both
Patient information Normal
Comments Not Available
References
  • Guneral F, Bachmann C: Age-related reference values for urinary organic acids in a healthy Turkish pediatric population. Clin Chem. 1994 Jun;40(6):862-6. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid Urine
Value 12.4 (11.6-25.9) umol/mmol creatinine
Age Infant:0-1 yr old
Sex Both
Patient information Normal
Comments Not Available
References
  • Guneral F, Bachmann C: Age-related reference values for urinary organic acids in a healthy Turkish pediatric population. Clin Chem. 1994 Jun;40(6):862-6. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid Urine
Value 6.5 (1.3-11.5) umol/mmol creatinine
Age Children:1-13 yrs old
Sex Both
Patient information Normal
Comments Children aged 2-6 years
References
  • Guneral F, Bachmann C: Age-related reference values for urinary organic acids in a healthy Turkish pediatric population. Clin Chem. 1994 Jun;40(6):862-6. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid Urine
Value 6.5 (2.9-13.0) umol/mmol creatinine
Age Children:1-13 yrs old
Sex Both
Patient information Normal
Comments Children aged 6-10 years
References
  • Guneral F, Bachmann C: Age-related reference values for urinary organic acids in a healthy Turkish pediatric population. Clin Chem. 1994 Jun;40(6):862-6. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid Urine
Value 5.2 (2.5-16.1) umol/mmol creatinine
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex Both
Patient information Normal
Comments Not Available
References
  • Guneral F, Bachmann C: Age-related reference values for urinary organic acids in a healthy Turkish pediatric population. Clin Chem. 1994 Jun;40(6):862-6. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid Urine
Value <=3.289 umol/mmol creatinine
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex Both
Patient information Normal
Comments Not Available
References
  • Merck Manual
Biofluid Urine
Value 10.0 (0.3-20.0) umol/mmol creatinine
Age Infant:0-1 yr old
Sex N/A
Patient information Normal
Comments Not Available
References
  • Abdenur JE, Abeling N, Specola N, Jorge L, Schenone AB, van Cruchten AC, Chamoles NA: Aromatic l-aminoacid decarboxylase deficiency: unusual neonatal presentation and additional findings in organic acid analysis. Mol Genet Metab. 2006 Jan;87(1):48-53. Epub 2005 Nov 9. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid Urine
Value 3.67 +/- 2.12 umol/mmol creatinine
Age Infant:0-1 yr old
Sex Both
Patient information Normal
Comments Not Available
References
  • Shoemaker JD, Elliott WH: Automated screening of urine samples for carbohydrates, organic and amino acids after treatment with urease. J Chromatogr. 1991 Jan 2;562(1-2):125-38. [PubMed Link Image]
Concentrations (Abnormal)
Biofluid Urine
Value 0.15 (0.00-0.30) umol/mmol creatinine
Age Infant:0-1 yr old
Sex Male
Condition Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase deficiency
Comments Not Available
References
  • Abdenur JE, Abeling N, Specola N, Jorge L, Schenone AB, van Cruchten AC, Chamoles NA: Aromatic l-aminoacid decarboxylase deficiency: unusual neonatal presentation and additional findings in organic acid analysis. Mol Genet Metab. 2006 Jan;87(1):48-53. Epub 2005 Nov 9. [PubMed Link Image]
Associated Disorders
Condition References
Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase deficiency
  • Abdenur JE, Abeling N, Specola N, Jorge L, Schenone AB, van Cruchten AC, Chamoles NA: Aromatic l-aminoacid decarboxylase deficiency: unusual neonatal presentation and additional findings in organic acid analysis. Mol Genet Metab. 2006 Jan;87(1):48-53. Epub 2005 Nov 9. [PubMed Link Image]
OMIM ID
  • 107930 Link Image (Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase deficiency)
Pathways
Name SMPDB Link KEGG Link
Tyrosine Metabolism SMP00006 Link Image map00350 Link Image
General References
  1. Frank K, Raue F, Gottswinter J, Heinrich U, Meybier H, Ziegler R: Importance of early diagnosis and follow-up in multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN II B). Eur J Pediatr. 1984 Dec;143(2):112-6. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Takahashi S, Godse DD, Warsh JJ, Stancer HC: A gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric (GC-MS) assay for 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenethyleneglycol and vanilmandelic acid in human serum. Clin Chim Acta. 1977 Dec 1;81(2):182-92. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Guneral F, Bachmann C: Age-related reference values for urinary organic acids in a healthy Turkish pediatric population. Clin Chem. 1994 Jun;40(6):862-6. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Suga K, Shimizu K, Nishigauchi K, Kume N, Kawamura T, Matsunaga N: [A case of bilateral adrenal neuroblastomas detected by bone scintigraphy] Kaku Igaku. 1996 Dec;33(12):1337-42. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Hartleb J, Eue S, Kemper A: Simultaneous analysis of homovanillic acid, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethylene glycol and vanilmandelic acid in plasma from alcoholics by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Critical comparison of solid-phase and liquid-liquid extraction methods. J Chromatogr. 1993 Dec 22;622(2):161-71. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Dias PL, Amarasiri AA: 4-hydroxy-3-methoxymandelic acid (HMMA) excretion in retinoblastoma. Br J Ophthalmol. 1978 Aug;62(8):525-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  7. Saran RK, Sahuja RC, Gupta NN, Hasan M, Bhargava KP, Shanker K, Kishor K: 3-Methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol in cerebrospinal fluid and vanillylmandelic acid in urine of humans with hypertension. Science. 1978 Apr 21;200(4339):317-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  8. Goldstein DS, Eisenhofer G, Kopin IJ: Sources and significance of plasma levels of catechols and their metabolites in humans. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2003 Jun;305(3):800-11. Epub 2003 Mar 20. [PubMed Link Image]
  9. Strittmatter M, Grauer M, Isenberg E, Hamann G, Fischer C, Hoffmann KH, Blaes F, Schimrigk K: Cerebrospinal fluid neuropeptides and monoaminergic transmitters in patients with trigeminal neuralgia. Headache. 1997 Apr;37(4):211-6. [PubMed Link Image]
  10. Zambotti F, Blau K, King GS, Campbell S, Sandler M: Monoamine metabolites and related compounds in human amniotic fluid: assay by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Clin Chim Acta. 1975 Jun 20;61(3):247-56. [PubMed Link Image]
  11. Drebing CJ, Freedman R, Waldo M, Gerhardt GA: Unconjugated methoxylated catecholamine metabolites in human saliva. Quantitation methodology and comparison with plasma levels. Biomed Chromatogr. 1989 Sep;3(5):217-20. [PubMed Link Image]
  12. Silbergeld EK, Chisolm JJ Jr: Lead poisoning: altered urinary catecholamine metabolites as indicators of intoxication in mice and children. Science. 1976 Apr 9;192(4235):153-5. [PubMed Link Image]
  13. Bostrom B, Mirkin BL: Elevation of cerebrospinal fluid catecholamine metabolites in patients with intracranial tumors of neuroectodermal origin. J Clin Oncol. 1987 Jul;5(7):1090-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  14. Raw I, Schmidt BJ, Merzel J: Catecholamines and congenital pain insensitivity. Braz J Med Biol Res. 1984;17(3-4):271-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  15. Afonso D, Castellanos MA, Rodriguez M: Determination of monoamines and indoles in amniotic fluid by high-performance liquid chromatography-electrochemical detection. J Chromatogr. 1990 Jun 8;528(1):101-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  16. Wikipedia Link Image
Metabolic Enzymes
  1. Catechol O-methyltransferase
  2. Aldehyde dehydrogenase, dimeric NADP-preferring
  3. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A3
  4. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 3B2
  5. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 3B1 (Aldehyde dehydrogenase 3 family, member B1, isoform CRA_c) (cDNA FLJ77312, highly similar to Homo sapiens aldehyde dehydrogenase 3 family, member B1 (ALDH3B1),mRNA)
Enzyme 1 [top]
Enzyme 1 ID 5504
Enzyme 1 Name Catechol O-methyltransferase
Enzyme 1 Synonyms Not Available
Enzyme 1 Gene Name COMT
Enzyme 1 Protein Sequence >Catechol O-methyltransferase 
MPEAPPLLLAAVLLGLVLLVVLLLLLRHWGWGLCLIGWNEFILQPIHNLLMGDTKEQRIL
NHVLQHAEPGNAQSVLEAIDTYCEQKEWAMNVGDKKGKIVDAVIQEHQPSVLLELGAYCG
YSAVRMARLLSPGARLITIEINPDCAAITQRMVDFAGVKDKVTLVVGASQDIIPQLKKKY
DVDTLDMVFLDHWKDRYLPDTLLLEECGLLRKGTVLLADNVICPGAPDFLAHVRGSSCFE
CTHYQSFLEYREVVDGLEKAIYKGPGSEAGP
Enzyme 1 Number of Residues 271
Enzyme 1 Molecular Weight 30037
Enzyme 1 Theoretical pI 5.15
Enzyme 1 GO Classification
Function
  • O-methyltransferase activity
  • catalytic activity
  • methyltransferase activity
  • transferase activity
  • transferase activity, transferring one-carbon groups
Process
—
Component
—
Enzyme 1 General Function Not Available
Enzyme 1 Specific Function Catalyzes the O-methylation, and thereby the inactivation, of catecholamine neurotransmitters and catechol hormones. Also shortens the biological half-lives of certain neuroactive drugs, like L-DOPA, alpha-methyl DOPA and isoproterenol
Enzyme 1 Pathways
Enzyme 1 Reactions
  • S-adenosyl-L-methionine + a catechol = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + a guaiacol
Enzyme 1 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 1 Signals
  • 1-32
Enzyme 1 Transmembrane Regions Not Available
Enzyme 1 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 1 GenBank ID Protein 180920 Link Image
Enzyme 1 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P21964 Link Image
Enzyme 1 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name COMT_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 1 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 1 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 1 Gene Sequence >816 bp 
ATGCCGGAGGCCCCGCCTCTGCTGTTGGCAGCTGTGTTGCTGGGCCTGGTGCTGCTGGTG
GTGCTGCTGCTGCTTCTGAGGCACTGGGGCTGGGGCCTGTGCCTTATCGGCTGGAACGAG
TTCATCCTGCAGCCCATCCACAACCTGCTCATGGGTGACACCAAGGAGCAGCGCATCCTG
AACCACGTGCTGCAGCATGCGGAGCCCGGGAACGCACAGAGCGTGCTGGAGGCCATTGAC
ACCTACTGCGAGCAGAAGGAGTGGGCCATGAACGTGGGCGACAAGAAAGGCAAGATCGTG
GACGCCGTGATTCAGGAGCACCAGCCCTCCGTGCTGCTGGAGCTGGGGGCCTACTGTGGC
TACTCAGCTGTGCGCATGGCCCGCCTGCTGTCACCAGGGGCGAGGCTCATCACCATCGAG
ATCAACCCCGACTGTGCCGCCATCACCCAGCGGATGGTGGATTTCGCTGGCGTGAAGGAC
AAGGTCACCCTTGTGGTTGGAGCGTCCCAGGACATCATCCCCCAGCTGAAGAAGAAGTAT
GATGTGGACACACTGGACATGGTCTTCCTCGACCACTGGAAGGACCGGTACCTGCCGGAC
ACGCTTCTCTTGGAGGAATGTGGCCTGCTGCGGAAGGGGACAGTGCTACTGGCTGACAAC
GTGATCTGCCCAGGTGCGCCAGACTTCCTAGCACACGTGCGCGGGAGCAGCTGCTTTGAG
TGCACACACTACCAATCGTTCCTGGAATACAGGGAGGTGGTGGACGGCCTGGAGAAGGCC
ATCTACAAGGGCCCAGGCAGCGAAGCAGGGCCCTGA
Enzyme 1 GenBank Gene ID M65212 Link Image
Enzyme 1 GeneCard ID COMT Link Image
Enzyme 1 GenAtlas ID COMT Link Image
Enzyme 1 HGNC ID HGNC:2228 Link Image
Enzyme 1 Chromosome Location 22
Enzyme 1 Locus 22q11.21-q11.23|22q11.21
Enzyme 1 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 1 General References
  1. Lundstrom K, Salminen M, Jalanko A, Savolainen R, Ulmanen I: Cloning and characterization of human placental catechol-O-methyltransferase cDNA. DNA Cell Biol. 1991 Apr;10(3):181-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Bertocci B, Miggiano V, Da Prada M, Dembic Z, Lahm HW, Malherbe P: Human catechol-O-methyltransferase: cloning and expression of the membrane-associated form. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Feb 15;88(4):1416-20. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Tenhunen J, Salminen M, Lundstrom K, Kiviluoto T, Savolainen R, Ulmanen I: Genomic organization of the human catechol O-methyltransferase gene and its expression from two distinct promoters. Eur J Biochem. 1994 Aug 1;223(3):1049-59. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Tilgmann C, Kalkkinen N: Purification and partial sequence analysis of the soluble catechol-O-methyltransferase from human placenta: comparison to the rat liver enzyme. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1991 Jan 31;174(2):995-1002. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Ulmanen I, Lundstrom K: Cell-free synthesis of rat and human catechol O-methyltransferase. Insertion of the membrane-bound form into microsomal membranes in vitro. Eur J Biochem. 1991 Dec 18;202(3):1013-20. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Lachman HM, Papolos DF, Saito T, Yu YM, Szumlanski CL, Weinshilboum RM: Human catechol-O-methyltransferase pharmacogenetics: description of a functional polymorphism and its potential application to neuropsychiatric disorders. Pharmacogenetics. 1996 Jun;6(3):243-50. [PubMed Link Image]
  7. Cargill M, Altshuler D, Ireland J, Sklar P, Ardlie K, Patil N, Shaw N, Lane CR, Lim EP, Kalyanaraman N, Nemesh J, Ziaugra L, Friedland L, Rolfe A, Warrington J, Lipshutz R, Daley GQ, Lander ES: Characterization of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in coding regions of human genes. Nat Genet. 1999 Jul;22(3):231-8. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 1 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 2 [top]
Enzyme 2 ID 5527
Enzyme 2 Name Aldehyde dehydrogenase, dimeric NADP-preferring
Enzyme 2 Synonyms
  1. ALDH class 3
  2. ALDHIII
Enzyme 2 Gene Name ALDH3A1
Enzyme 2 Protein Sequence >Aldehyde dehydrogenase, dimeric NADP-preferring 
MSKISEAVKRARAAFSSGRTRPLQFRIQQLEALQRLIQEQEQELVGALAADLHKNEWNAY
YEEVVYVLEEIEYMIQKLPEWAADEPVEKTPQTQQDELYIHSEPLGVVLVIGTWNYPFNL
TIQPMVGAIAAGNAVVLKPSELSENMASLLATIIPQYLDKDLYPVINGGVPETTELLKER
FDHILYTGSTGVGKIIMTAAAKHLTPVTLELGGKSPCYVDKNCDLDVACRRIAWGKFMNS
GQTCVAPDYILCDPSIQNQIVEKLKKSLKEFYGEDAKKSRDYGRIISARHFQRVMGLIEG
QKVAYGGTGDAATRYIAPTILTDVDPQSPVMQEEIFGPVLPIVCVRSLEEAIQFINQREK
PLALYMFSSNDKVIKKMIAETSSGGVAANDVIVHITLHSLPFGGVGNSGMGSYHGKKSFE
TFSHRRSCLVRPLMNDEGLKVRYPPSPAKMTQH
Enzyme 2 Number of Residues 453
Enzyme 2 Molecular Weight 50380
Enzyme 2 Theoretical pI 6.52
Enzyme 2 GO Classification
Function
  • catalytic activity
  • oxidoreductase activity
Process
  • metabolism
  • physiological process
Component
—
Enzyme 2 General Function Energy production and conversion
Enzyme 2 Specific Function ALDHs play a major role in the detoxification of alcohol-derived acetaldehyde. They are involved in the metabolism of corticosteroids, biogenic amines, neurotransmitters, and lipid peroxidation. This protein preferentially oxidizes aromatic aldehyde substrates. It may play a role in the oxidation of toxic aldehydes
Enzyme 2 Pathways
Enzyme 2 Reactions
  • an aldehyde + NAD(P)+ + H2O = an acid + NAD(P)H + H+
Enzyme 2 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 2 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 2 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 2 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 2 GenBank ID Protein 178402 Link Image
Enzyme 2 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P30838 Link Image
Enzyme 2 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name AL3A1_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 2 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 2 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 2 Gene Sequence >1362 bp 
ATGAGCAAGATCAGCGAGGCCGTGAAGCGCGCCCGCGCCGCCTTCAGCTCGGGCAGGACC
CGTCCGCTGCAGTTCCGATTCCAGCAGCTGGAGGCGCTGCAGCGCCTGATCCAGGAGCAG
GAGCAGGAGCTGGTGGGCGCGCTGGCCGCAGACCTGCACAAGAATGAATGGAACGCCTAC
TATGAGGAGGTGGTGTACGTCCTAGAGGAGATCGAGTACATGATCCAGAAGCTCCCTGAG
TGGGCCGCGGATGAGCCCGTGGAGAAGACGCCCCAGACTCAGCAGGACGAGCTCTACATC
CACTCGGAGCCACTGGGCGTGGTCCTCGTCATTGGCACCTGGAACTACCCCTTCAACCTC
ACCATCCAGCCCATGGTGGGCGCCATCGCTGCAGGGAACGCAGTGGTCCTCAAGCCCTCG
GAGCTGAGTGAGAACATGGCGAGCCTGCTGGCTACCATCATCCCCCAGTACCTGGACAAG
GATCTGTACCCAGTAATCAATGGGGGTGTCCCTGAGACCACGGAGCTGCTCAAGGAGAGG
TTCGACCATATCCTGTACACGGGCAGCACGGGGGTGGGGAAGATCATCATGACGGCTGCT
GCCAAGCACCTGACCCCTGTCACGCTGGAGCTGGGAGGGAAGAGTCCCTGCTACGTGGAC
AAGAACTGTGACCTGGACGTGGCCTGCCGACGCATCGCCTGGGGGAAATTCATGAACAGT
GGCCAGACCTGCGTGGCCCCAGACTACATCCTCTGTGACCCCTCGATCCAGAACCAAATT
GTGGAGAAGCTCAAGAAGTCACTGAAAGAGTTCTACGGGGAAGATGCTAAGAAATCCCGG
GACTATGGAAGAATCATTAGTGCCCGGCACTTCCAGAGGGTGATGGGCCTGATTGAGGGC
CAGAAGGTGGCTTATGGGGGCACCGGGGATGCCGCCACTCGCTACATAGCCCCCACCATC
CTCACGGACGTGGACCCCCAGTCCCCGGTGATGCAAGAGGAGATCTTCGGGCCTGTGCTG
CCCATCGTGTGCGTGCGCAGCCTGGAGGAGGCCATCCAGTTCATCAACCAGCGTGAGAAG
CCCCTGGCCCTCTACATGTTCTCCAGCAACGACAAGGTGATTAAGAAGATGATTGCAGAG
ACATCCAGTGGTGGGGTGGCGGCCAACGATGTCATCGTCCACATCACCTTGCACTCTCTG
CCCTTCGGGGGCGTGGGGAACAGCGGCATGGGATCCTACCATGGCAAGAAGAGCTTCGAG
ACTTTCTCTCACCGCCGCTCTTGCCTGGTGAGGCCTCTGATGAATGATGAAGGCCTGAAG
GTCAGATACCCCCCGAGCCCGGCCAAGATGACCCAGCACTGA
Enzyme 2 GenBank Gene ID M74542 Link Image
Enzyme 2 GeneCard ID ALDH3A1 Link Image
Enzyme 2 GenAtlas ID ALDH3A1 Link Image
Enzyme 2 HGNC ID HGNC:405 Link Image
Enzyme 2 Chromosome Location 17
Enzyme 2 Locus 17p11.2
Enzyme 2 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 2 General References
  1. Hsu LC, Chang WC, Shibuya A, Yoshida A: Human stomach aldehyde dehydrogenase cDNA and genomic cloning, primary structure, and expression in Escherichia coli. J Biol Chem. 1992 Feb 15;267(5):3030-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Hsu LC, Yoshida A: Human stomach aldehyde dehydrogenase, ALDH3. Adv Exp Med Biol. 1993;328:141-52. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Yin SJ, Vagelopoulos N, Wang SL, Jornvall H: Structural features of stomach aldehyde dehydrogenase distinguish dimeric aldehyde dehydrogenase as a 'variable' enzyme. 'Variable' and 'constant' enzymes within the alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenase families. FEBS Lett. 1991 May 20;283(1):85-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Tsukamoto N, Chang C, Yoshida A: Mutations associated with Sjogren-Larsson syndrome. Ann Hum Genet. 1997 May;61(Pt 3):235-42. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 2 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 3 [top]
Enzyme 3 ID 5529
Enzyme 3 Name Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A3
Enzyme 3 Synonyms
  1. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 6
  2. Retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 3
  3. RALDH-3
Enzyme 3 Gene Name ALDH1A3
Enzyme 3 Protein Sequence >Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A3 
MATANGAVENGQPDRKPPALPRPIRNLEVKFTKIFINNEWHESKSGKKFATCNPSTREQI
CEVEEGDKPDVDKAVEAAQVAFQRGSPWRRLDALSRGRLLHQLADLVERDRATLAALETM
DTGKPFLHAFFIDLEGCIRTLRYFAGWADKIQGKTIPTDDNVVCFTRHEPIGVCGAITPW
NFPLLMLVWKLAPALCCGNTMVLKPAEQTPLTALYLGSLIKEAGFPPGVVNIVPGFGPTV
GAAISSHPQINKIAFTGSTEVGKLVKEAASRSNLKRVTLELGGKNPCIVCADADLDLAVE
CAHQGVFFNQGQCCTAASRVFVEEQVYSEFVRRSVEYAKKRPVGDPFDVKTEQGPQIDQK
QFDKILELIESGKKEGAKLECGGSAMEDKGLFIKPTVFSEVTDNMRIAKEEIFGPVQPIL
KFKSIEEVIKRANSTDYGLTAAVFTKNLDKALKLASALESGTVWINCYNALYAQAPFGGF
KMSGNGRELGEYALAEYTEVKTVTIKLGDKNP
Enzyme 3 Number of Residues 512
Enzyme 3 Molecular Weight 56109
Enzyme 3 Theoretical pI 7.29
Enzyme 3 GO Classification
Function
  • catalytic activity
  • oxidoreductase activity
Process
  • metabolism
  • physiological process
Component
—
Enzyme 3 General Function Energy production and conversion
Enzyme 3 Specific Function Recognizes as substrates free retinal and cellular retinol-binding protein-bound retinal. Seems to be the key enzyme in the formation of an RA gradient along the dorso-ventral axis during the early eye development and also in the development of the olfactory system
Enzyme 3 Pathways
Enzyme 3 Reactions
  • an aldehyde + NAD(P)+ + H2O = an acid + NAD(P)H + H+
Enzyme 3 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 3 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 3 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 3 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 3 GenBank ID Protein 544482 Link Image
Enzyme 3 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P47895 Link Image
Enzyme 3 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name AL1A3_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 3 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 3 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 3 Gene Sequence >1539 bp 
ATGGCCACCGCTAACGGGGCCGTGGAAAACGGGCAGCCGGACGGGAAGCCGCCGGCCCTG
CCGCGCCCCATCCGCAACCTGGAGGTCAAGTTCACCAAGATATTTATCAACAATGAATGG
CACGAATCCAAGAGTGGGAAAAAGTTTGCTACATGTAACCCTTCAACTCGGGAGCAAATA
TGTGAAGTGGAAGAAGGAGATAAGCCCGACGTGGACAAGGCTGTGGAGGCTGCACAGGTT
GCCTTCCAGAGGGGCTCGCCATGGCGCCGGCTGGATGCCCTGAGTCGTGGGCGGCTGCTG
CACCAGCTGGCTGACCTGGTGGAGAGGGACCGCGCCACCTTGGCCGCCCTGGAGACGATG
GATACAGGGAAGCCATTTCTTCATGCTTTTTTCATCGACCTGGAGGGCTGTATTAGAACC
CTCAGATACTTTGCAGGGTGGGCAGACAAAATCCAGGGCAAGACCATCCCCACAGATGAC
AACGTCGTATGCTTCACCAGGCATGAGCCCATTGGTGTCTGTGGGGCCATCACTCCATGG
AACTTCCCCCTGCTGATGCTGGTGTGGAAGCTGGCACCCGCCCTCTGCTGTGGGAACACC
ATGGTCCTGAAGCCTGCGGAGCAGACACCTCTCACCGCCCTTTATCTCGGCTCTCTGATC
AAAGAGGCCGGGTTCCCTCCAGGAGTGGTGAACATTGTGCCAGGATTCGGGCCCACAGTG
GGAGCAGCAATTTCTTCTCACCCTCAGATCAACAAGATCGCCTTCACCGGCTCCACAGAG
GTTGGAAAACTGGTTAAAGAAGCTGCGTCCCGGAGCAATCTGAAGCGGGTGACGCTGGAG
CTGGGGGGGAAGAACCCCTGCATCGTGTGTGCGGACGCTGACTTGGACTTGGCAGTGGAG
TGTGCCCATCAGGGAGTGTTCTTCAACCAAGGCCAGTGTTGCACGGCAGCCTCCAGGGTG
TTCGTGGAGGAGCAGGTCTACTCTGAGTTTGTCAGGCGGAGCGTGGAGTATGCCAAGAAA
CGGCCCGTGGGAGACCCCTTCGATGTCAAAACAGAACAGGGGCCTCAGATTGATCAAAAG
CAGTTCGACAAAATCTTAGAGCTGATCGAGAGTGGGAAGAAGGAAGGGGCCAAGCTGGAA
TGCGGGGGCTCAGCCATGGAAGACAAGGGGCTCTTCATCAAACCCACTGTCTTCTCAGAA
GTCACAGACAACATGCGGATTGCCAAAGAGGAGATTTTCGGGCCAGTGCAACCAATACTG
AAGTTCAAAAGTATCGAAGAAGTGATAAAAAGAGCGAATAGCACCGACTATGGACTCACA
GCAGCCGTGTTCACAAAAAATCTCGACAAAGCCCTGAAGTTGGCTTCTGCCTTAGAGTCT
GGAACGGTCTGGATCAACTGCTACAACGCCCTCTATGCACAGGCTCCATTTGGTGGCTTT
AAAATGTCAGGAAATGGCAGAGAACTAGGTGAATACGCTTTGGCCGAATACACAGAAGTG
AAAACTGTCACCATCAAACTTGGCGACAAGAACCCCTGA
Enzyme 3 GenBank Gene ID U07919 Link Image
Enzyme 3 GeneCard ID ALDH1A3 Link Image
Enzyme 3 GenAtlas ID ALDH1A3 Link Image
Enzyme 3 HGNC ID HGNC:409 Link Image
Enzyme 3 Chromosome Location 15
Enzyme 3 Locus 15q26.3
Enzyme 3 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 3 General References
  1. Hsu LC, Chang WC, Hiraoka L, Hsieh CL: Molecular cloning, genomic organization, and chromosomal localization of an additional human aldehyde dehydrogenase gene, ALDH6. Genomics. 1994 Nov 15;24(2):333-41. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 3 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 4 [top]
Enzyme 4 ID 5810
Enzyme 4 Name Aldehyde dehydrogenase 3B2
Enzyme 4 Synonyms
  1. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 8
Enzyme 4 Gene Name ALDH3B2
Enzyme 4 Protein Sequence >Aldehyde dehydrogenase 3B2 
MKDEPRSTNLFMKLDSVFIWKEPFGLVLIIAPWNYPLNLTLVLLVGALAAGNCVVLKPSE
ISQGTEKVLAEVLPQYLDQSCFAVVLGGPQETGQLLEHKLDYIFFTGSPRVGKIVMTAAT
KHLTPVTLELGGKNPCYVDDNCDPQTVANRVAWFCYFNAGQTCVAPDYVLCSPEMQERLL
PALQSTITRFYGDDPQSSPNLGRIINQKQFQRLRALLGCGRVAIGGQSNESDRYIAPTVL
VDVQETEPVMQEEIFGPILPIVNVQSVDEAIKFINRQEKPLALYAFSNSSQVVNQMLERT
SSGSFGGNEGFTYISLLSVPFGGVGHSGMGRYHGKFTFDTFSHHRTCLLAPSGLEKLKEI
RYPPYTDWNQQLLRWGMGSQSCTLL
Enzyme 4 Number of Residues 385
Enzyme 4 Molecular Weight 42670
Enzyme 4 Theoretical pI 5.97
Enzyme 4 GO Classification
Function
  • catalytic activity
  • oxidoreductase activity
Process
  • metabolism
  • physiological process
Component
—
Enzyme 4 General Function Energy production and conversion
Enzyme 4 Specific Function An aldehyde + NAD(P)(+) + H(2)O = an acid + NAD(P)H
Enzyme 4 Pathways
Enzyme 4 Reactions
  • an aldehyde + NAD(P)+ + H2O = an acid + NAD(P)H + H+
Enzyme 4 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 4 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 4 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 4 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 4 GenBank ID Protein 1051281 Link Image
Enzyme 4 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P48448 Link Image
Enzyme 4 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name AL3B2_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 4 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 4 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 4 Gene Sequence >1158 bp 
ATGAAGGATGAACCACGGTCCACGAACCTGTTCATGAAGCTGGACTCGGTCTTCATCTGG
AAGGAACCCTTTGGCCTGGTCCTCATCATCGCACCCTGGAACTACCCATTGAACCTGACC
CTGGTGCTCCTGGTGGGCACCCTCCCCGCAGGGAATTGCGTGGTGCTGAAGCCGTCAGAA
ATCAGCCAGGGCACAGAGAAGGTCCTGGCTGAGGTGCTGCCCCAGTACCTGGACCAGAGC
TGCTTTGCCGTGGTGCTGGGCGGACCCCAGGAGACAGGGCAGCTGCTAGAGCACAAGTTG
GACTACATCTTCTTCACAGGGAGCCCTCGTGTGGGCAAGATTGTCATGACTGCTGCCACC
AAGCACCTGACGCCTGTCACCCTGGAGCTGGGGGGCAAGAACCCCTGCTACGTGGACGAC
AACTGCGACCCCCAGACCGTGGCCAACCGCGTGGCCTGGTTCTGCTACTTCAATGCCGGC
CAGACCTGCGTGGCCCCTGACTACGTCCTGTGCAGCCCCGAGATGCAGGAGAGGCTGCTG
CCCGCCCTGCAGAGCACCATCACCCGTTTCTATGGCGACGACCCCCAGAGCTCCCCAAAC
CTGGGCCGCATCATCAACCAGAAACAGTTCCAGCGGCTGCGGGCATTGCTGGGCTGCGGC
CGCGTGGCCATTGGGGGCCAGAGCAACGAGAGCGATCGCTACATCGCCCCCACGGTGCTG
GTGGACGTGCAGGAGACGGAGCCTGTGATGCAGGAGGAGATCTTCGGGCCCATCCTGCCC
ATCGTGAACGTGCAGAGCGTGGACGAGGCCATCAAGTTCATCAACCGGCAGGAGAAGCCC
CTGGCCCTGTACGCCTTCTCCAACAGCAGACAGGTTGTGAACCAGATGCTGGAGCGGACC
AGCAGCGGCAGCTTTGGAGGCAATGAGGGCTTCACCTACATATCTCTGCTGTCCGTGCCA
TTCGGGGGAGTCGGCCACAGTGGGATGGGCCGGTACCACGGCAAGTTCACCTTCGACACC
TTCTCCCACCACCGCACCTGCCTGCTCGCCCCCTCCGGCCTGGAGAAATTAAAGGAGATC
CGCTACCCACCCTATACCGACTGGAACCAGCAGCTGTTACGCTGGGGCATGGGCTCCCAG
AGCTGCACCCTCCTGTGA
Enzyme 4 GenBank Gene ID U37519 Link Image
Enzyme 4 GeneCard ID ALDH3B2 Link Image
Enzyme 4 GenAtlas ID ALDH3B2 Link Image
Enzyme 4 HGNC ID HGNC:411 Link Image
Enzyme 4 Chromosome Location 11
Enzyme 4 Locus 11q13
Enzyme 4 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 4 General References
  1. Hsu LC, Chang WC, Lin SW, Yoshida A: Cloning and characterization of genes encoding four additional human aldehyde dehydrogenase isozymes. Adv Exp Med Biol. 1995;372:159-68. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Hsu LC, Chang WC: Sequencing and expression of the human ALDH8 encoding a new member of the aldehyde dehydrogenase family. Gene. 1996 Oct 3;174(2):319-22. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 4 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 5 [top]
Enzyme 5 ID 15063
Enzyme 5 Name Aldehyde dehydrogenase 3B1 (Aldehyde dehydrogenase 3 family, member B1, isoform CRA_c) (cDNA FLJ77312, highly similar to Homo sapiens aldehyde dehydrogenase 3 family, member B1 (ALDH3B1),mRNA)
Enzyme 5 Synonyms Not Available
Enzyme 5 Gene Name ALDH3B1
Enzyme 5 Protein Sequence >Aldehyde dehydrogenase 3B1 (Aldehyde dehydrogenase 3 family, member B1, isoform CRA_c) (cDNA FLJ77312, highly similar to Homo sapiens aldehyde dehydrogenase 3 family, member B1 (ALDH3B1),mRNA) 
MDPLGDTLRRLREAFHAGRTRPAEFRAAQLQGLGRFLQENKQLLHDALAQDLHKSAFESE
VSEVAISQGEVTLALRNLRAWMKDERVPKNLATQLDSAFIRKEPFGLVLIIAPWNYPLNL
TLVPLVGALAAGNCVVLKPSEISKNVEKILAEVLPQYVDQSCFAVVLGGPQETGQLLEHR
FDYIFFTGSPRVGKIVMTAAAKHLTPVTLELGGKNPCYVDDNCDPQTVANRVAWFRYFNA
GQTCVAPDYVLCSPEMQERLLPALQSTITRFYGDDPQSSPNLGRIINQKQFQRLRALLGC
GRVAIGGQSDESDRYIAPTVLVDVQEMEPVMQEEIFGPILPIVNVQSLDEAIEFINRREK
PLALYAFSNSSQVVKRVLTQTSSGGFCGNDGFMHMTLASLPFGGVGASGMGRYHGKFSFD
TFSHHRACLLRSPGMEKLNALRYPPQSPRRLRMLLVAMEAQGCSCTLL
Enzyme 5 Number of Residues 468
Enzyme 5 Molecular Weight 51840
Enzyme 5 Theoretical pI 7.67
Enzyme 5 GO Classification
Function
  • catalytic activity
  • oxidoreductase activity
Process
  • metabolism
  • physiological process
Component
—
Enzyme 5 General Function Energy production and conversion
Enzyme 5 Specific Function Not Available
Enzyme 5 Pathways Not Available
Enzyme 5 Reactions Not Available
Enzyme 5 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 5 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 5 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 5 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 5 GenBank ID Protein 125950429 Link Image
Enzyme 5 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID A3FMP9 Link Image
Enzyme 5 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name A3FMP9_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 5 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 5 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 5 Gene Sequence >1407 bp 
ATGGACCCCCTTGGGGACACGCTGCGGCGACTGCGGGAGGCCTTCCACGCGGGGCGCACG
CGGCCAGCTGAGTTCCGGGCTGCGCAGCTCCAAGGCCTGGGCCGCTTCCTGCAAGAAAAC
AAGCAGCTTCTGCACGACGCACTGGCCCAGGACCTGCACAAGTCAGCCTTCGAGTCGGAG
GTGTCTGAGGTTGCCATCAGCCAGGGCGAGGTCACCCTGGCCCTCAGGAACCTCCGGGCC
TGGATGAAGGACGAGCGTGTGCCCAAGAACCTGGCCACGCAGCTGGACTCCGCCTTCATC
CGGAAGGAGCCCTTTGGCCTGGTCCTCATCATTGCGCCCTGGAACTATCCGCTGAACCTG
ACGCTGGTGCCCCTCGTGGGAGCCCTCGCTGCAGGGAACTGTGTGGTGCTGAAGCCATCG
GAGATTAGCAAGAACGTCGAGAAGATCCTGGCCGAGGTGCTGCCCCAATACGTGGACCAG
AGCTGCTTTGCTGTGGTGCTGGGCGGGCCCCAGGAGACGGGGCAGCTGCTAGAGCACAGG
TTCGACTACATCTTCTTCACAGGGAGCCCTCGTGTGGGCAAGATTGTTATGACTGCTGCC
GCCAAGCACCTGACACCTGTCACCCTGGAGCTGGGGGGCAAGAACCCTTGCTACGTGGAC
GACAACTGCGACCCCCAGACCGTGGCCAACCGCGTGGCCTGGTTCCGCTACTTCAACGCC
GGCCAGACCTGCGTGGCCCCCGACTACGTCCTATGCAGCCCTGAGATGCAGGAGAGGCTG
CTGCCTGCCCTGCAGAGCACCATCACCCGTTTCTATGGCGACGACCCCCAGAGCTCCCCA
AACCTGGGCCGCATCATCAACCAGAAACAGTTCCAGCGGCTGCGGGCATTGCTGGGCTGC
GGCCGTGTGGCCATTGGGGGCCAGAGCGATGAGAGCGATCGCTACATCGCCCCCACGGTG
CTGGTGGATGTGCAGGAGATGGAGCCTGTGATGCAGGAGGAGATCTTCGGGCCCATCCTG
CCCATCGTGAACGTGCAGAGCTTGGACGAGGCCATCGAGTTCATCAACCGGCGGGAGAAG
CCCCTGGCCCTGTACGCCTTCTCCAACAGCAGCCAGGTGGTCAAGCGGGTGCTGACCCAG
ACCAGCAGCGGGGGCTTCTGTGGGAACGACGGCTTCATGCACATGACCCTGGCCAGCCTG
CCTTTTGGAGGAGTGGGTGCCAGTGGGATGGGCCGGTACCATGGCAAGTTCTCCTTCGAC
ACCTTCTCCCACCATCGCGCCTGCCTCCTGCGCAGCCCGGGGATGGAGAAGCTCAACGCC
CTCCGCTACCCGCCGCAATCGCCGCGCCGCCTGAGGATGCTGCTGGTGGCCATGGAGGCC
CAAGGCTGCAGCTGCACACTGCTCTGA
Enzyme 5 GenBank Gene ID EF411198 Link Image
Enzyme 5 GeneCard ID A3FMP9 Link Image
Enzyme 5 GenAtlas ID Not Available
Enzyme 5 HGNC ID Not Available
Enzyme 5 Chromosome Location 11
Enzyme 5 Locus 11q13
Enzyme 5 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 5 General References Not Available
Enzyme 5 Metabolite References Not Available