Hmdb loader
Record Information
Version5.0
StatusDetected but not Quantified
Creation Date2012-09-11 17:38:19 UTC
Update Date2022-03-07 02:52:38 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0030669
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB0240411
  • HMDB30669
Metabolite Identification
Common Name3-Feruloylquinic acid
Description3-Feruloylquinic acid (3-FQA) (CAS: 1899-29-2) belongs to the class of organic compounds known as quinic acids and derivatives. Quinic acids and derivatives are compounds containing a quinic acid moiety (or a derivative thereof), which is a cyclitol made up of a cyclohexane ring that bears four hydroxyl groups at positions 1,3.4, and 5, as well as a carboxylic acid at position 1. Coffee, especially green or raw coffee, is a major source of chlorogenic acids (CGA). CGAs have been associated with a range of health benefits including a reduction in the risk of cardiovascular disease, diabetes type 2, and Alzheimer's disease. Major CGAs in coffee include 3-, 4-, and 5-feruloylquinic acids (PMID: 19022950 ). 3-FQA has been detected in the plasma and urine of humans who have ingested coffee (PMID: 19460943 ). 3-FQA is also found in chicory, tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum), and sunflowers (Helianthus annuus).
Structure
Thumb
SynonymsNot Available
Chemical FormulaC17H20O9
Average Molecular Weight368.3353
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight368.110732238
IUPAC NameNot Available
Traditional NameNot Available
CAS Registry Number62929-69-5
SMILESNot Available
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C17H20O9/c1-25-12-6-9(2-4-10(12)18)3-5-14(20)26-13-8-17(24,16(22)23)7-11(19)15(13)21/h2-6,11,13,15,18-19,21,24H,7-8H2,1H3,(H,22,23)/b5-3+/t11-,13-,15-,17+/m1/s1
InChI KeyRAGZUCNPTLULOL-KJJWLSQTSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
ClassificationNot classified
Ontology
Not AvailableNot Available
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting Point196 - 197 °CNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water SolubilityNot AvailableNot Available
LogPNot AvailableNot Available
Experimental Chromatographic Properties
Predicted Molecular PropertiesNot Available
Predicted Chromatographic Properties

Predicted Kovats Retention Indices

Underivatized

MetaboliteSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
3-Feruloylquinic acidCOC1=CC(\C=C\C(=O)O[C@@H]2C[C@@](O)(C[C@@H](O)[C@H]2O)C(O)=O)=CC=C1O5433.6Standard polar33892256
3-Feruloylquinic acidCOC1=CC(\C=C\C(=O)O[C@@H]2C[C@@](O)(C[C@@H](O)[C@H]2O)C(O)=O)=CC=C1O3185.4Standard non polar33892256
3-Feruloylquinic acidCOC1=CC(\C=C\C(=O)O[C@@H]2C[C@@](O)(C[C@@H](O)[C@H]2O)C(O)=O)=CC=C1O3309.0Semi standard non polar33892256

Derivatized

Derivative Name / StructureSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
3-Feruloylquinic acid,1TMS,isomer #1COC1=CC(/C=C/C(=O)O[C@@H]2C[C@](O[Si](C)(C)C)(C(=O)O)C[C@@H](O)[C@H]2O)=CC=C1O3188.4Semi standard non polar33892256
3-Feruloylquinic acid,1TMS,isomer #2COC1=CC(/C=C/C(=O)O[C@@H]2C[C@](O)(C(=O)O)C[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@H]2O)=CC=C1O3169.0Semi standard non polar33892256
3-Feruloylquinic acid,1TMS,isomer #3COC1=CC(/C=C/C(=O)O[C@@H]2C[C@](O)(C(=O)O)C[C@@H](O)[C@H]2O[Si](C)(C)C)=CC=C1O3166.4Semi standard non polar33892256
3-Feruloylquinic acid,1TMS,isomer #4COC1=CC(/C=C/C(=O)O[C@@H]2C[C@](O)(C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C)C[C@@H](O)[C@H]2O)=CC=C1O3132.7Semi standard non polar33892256
3-Feruloylquinic acid,1TMS,isomer #5COC1=CC(/C=C/C(=O)O[C@@H]2C[C@](O)(C(=O)O)C[C@@H](O)[C@H]2O)=CC=C1O[Si](C)(C)C3197.9Semi standard non polar33892256
3-Feruloylquinic acid,2TMS,isomer #1COC1=CC(/C=C/C(=O)O[C@@H]2C[C@](O[Si](C)(C)C)(C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C)C[C@@H](O)[C@H]2O)=CC=C1O3083.5Semi standard non polar33892256
3-Feruloylquinic acid,2TMS,isomer #10COC1=CC(/C=C/C(=O)O[C@@H]2C[C@](O)(C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C)C[C@@H](O)[C@H]2O)=CC=C1O[Si](C)(C)C3113.7Semi standard non polar33892256
3-Feruloylquinic acid,2TMS,isomer #2COC1=CC(/C=C/C(=O)O[C@@H]2C[C@](O[Si](C)(C)C)(C(=O)O)C[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@H]2O)=CC=C1O3140.5Semi standard non polar33892256
3-Feruloylquinic acid,2TMS,isomer #3COC1=CC(/C=C/C(=O)O[C@@H]2C[C@](O[Si](C)(C)C)(C(=O)O)C[C@@H](O)[C@H]2O[Si](C)(C)C)=CC=C1O3140.3Semi standard non polar33892256
3-Feruloylquinic acid,2TMS,isomer #4COC1=CC(/C=C/C(=O)O[C@@H]2C[C@](O[Si](C)(C)C)(C(=O)O)C[C@@H](O)[C@H]2O)=CC=C1O[Si](C)(C)C3173.0Semi standard non polar33892256
3-Feruloylquinic acid,2TMS,isomer #5COC1=CC(/C=C/C(=O)O[C@@H]2C[C@](O)(C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C)C[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@H]2O)=CC=C1O3081.7Semi standard non polar33892256
3-Feruloylquinic acid,2TMS,isomer #6COC1=CC(/C=C/C(=O)O[C@@H]2C[C@](O)(C(=O)O)C[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@H]2O[Si](C)(C)C)=CC=C1O3124.6Semi standard non polar33892256
3-Feruloylquinic acid,2TMS,isomer #7COC1=CC(/C=C/C(=O)O[C@@H]2C[C@](O)(C(=O)O)C[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@H]2O)=CC=C1O[Si](C)(C)C3161.1Semi standard non polar33892256
3-Feruloylquinic acid,2TMS,isomer #8COC1=CC(/C=C/C(=O)O[C@@H]2C[C@](O)(C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C)C[C@@H](O)[C@H]2O[Si](C)(C)C)=CC=C1O3064.1Semi standard non polar33892256
3-Feruloylquinic acid,2TMS,isomer #9COC1=CC(/C=C/C(=O)O[C@@H]2C[C@](O)(C(=O)O)C[C@@H](O)[C@H]2O[Si](C)(C)C)=CC=C1O[Si](C)(C)C3149.7Semi standard non polar33892256
3-Feruloylquinic acid,3TMS,isomer #1COC1=CC(/C=C/C(=O)O[C@@H]2C[C@](O[Si](C)(C)C)(C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C)C[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@H]2O)=CC=C1O3046.3Semi standard non polar33892256
3-Feruloylquinic acid,3TMS,isomer #10COC1=CC(/C=C/C(=O)O[C@@H]2C[C@](O)(C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C)C[C@@H](O)[C@H]2O[Si](C)(C)C)=CC=C1O[Si](C)(C)C3076.8Semi standard non polar33892256
3-Feruloylquinic acid,3TMS,isomer #2COC1=CC(/C=C/C(=O)O[C@@H]2C[C@](O[Si](C)(C)C)(C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C)C[C@@H](O)[C@H]2O[Si](C)(C)C)=CC=C1O3056.5Semi standard non polar33892256
3-Feruloylquinic acid,3TMS,isomer #3COC1=CC(/C=C/C(=O)O[C@@H]2C[C@](O[Si](C)(C)C)(C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C)C[C@@H](O)[C@H]2O)=CC=C1O[Si](C)(C)C3073.7Semi standard non polar33892256
3-Feruloylquinic acid,3TMS,isomer #4COC1=CC(/C=C/C(=O)O[C@@H]2C[C@](O[Si](C)(C)C)(C(=O)O)C[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@H]2O[Si](C)(C)C)=CC=C1O3100.1Semi standard non polar33892256
3-Feruloylquinic acid,3TMS,isomer #5COC1=CC(/C=C/C(=O)O[C@@H]2C[C@](O[Si](C)(C)C)(C(=O)O)C[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@H]2O)=CC=C1O[Si](C)(C)C3141.5Semi standard non polar33892256
3-Feruloylquinic acid,3TMS,isomer #6COC1=CC(/C=C/C(=O)O[C@@H]2C[C@](O[Si](C)(C)C)(C(=O)O)C[C@@H](O)[C@H]2O[Si](C)(C)C)=CC=C1O[Si](C)(C)C3139.0Semi standard non polar33892256
3-Feruloylquinic acid,3TMS,isomer #7COC1=CC(/C=C/C(=O)O[C@@H]2C[C@](O)(C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C)C[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@H]2O[Si](C)(C)C)=CC=C1O3031.1Semi standard non polar33892256
3-Feruloylquinic acid,3TMS,isomer #8COC1=CC(/C=C/C(=O)O[C@@H]2C[C@](O)(C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C)C[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@H]2O)=CC=C1O[Si](C)(C)C3088.1Semi standard non polar33892256
3-Feruloylquinic acid,3TMS,isomer #9COC1=CC(/C=C/C(=O)O[C@@H]2C[C@](O)(C(=O)O)C[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@H]2O[Si](C)(C)C)=CC=C1O[Si](C)(C)C3121.9Semi standard non polar33892256
3-Feruloylquinic acid,4TMS,isomer #1COC1=CC(/C=C/C(=O)O[C@@H]2C[C@](O[Si](C)(C)C)(C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C)C[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@H]2O[Si](C)(C)C)=CC=C1O3066.0Semi standard non polar33892256
3-Feruloylquinic acid,4TMS,isomer #2COC1=CC(/C=C/C(=O)O[C@@H]2C[C@](O[Si](C)(C)C)(C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C)C[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@H]2O)=CC=C1O[Si](C)(C)C3073.8Semi standard non polar33892256
3-Feruloylquinic acid,4TMS,isomer #3COC1=CC(/C=C/C(=O)O[C@@H]2C[C@](O[Si](C)(C)C)(C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C)C[C@@H](O)[C@H]2O[Si](C)(C)C)=CC=C1O[Si](C)(C)C3081.9Semi standard non polar33892256
3-Feruloylquinic acid,4TMS,isomer #4COC1=CC(/C=C/C(=O)O[C@@H]2C[C@](O[Si](C)(C)C)(C(=O)O)C[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@H]2O[Si](C)(C)C)=CC=C1O[Si](C)(C)C3141.0Semi standard non polar33892256
3-Feruloylquinic acid,4TMS,isomer #5COC1=CC(/C=C/C(=O)O[C@@H]2C[C@](O)(C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C)C[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@H]2O[Si](C)(C)C)=CC=C1O[Si](C)(C)C3084.3Semi standard non polar33892256
3-Feruloylquinic acid,5TMS,isomer #1COC1=CC(/C=C/C(=O)O[C@@H]2C[C@](O[Si](C)(C)C)(C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C)C[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@H]2O[Si](C)(C)C)=CC=C1O[Si](C)(C)C3114.5Semi standard non polar33892256
3-Feruloylquinic acid,1TBDMS,isomer #1COC1=CC(/C=C/C(=O)O[C@@H]2C[C@](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)(C(=O)O)C[C@@H](O)[C@H]2O)=CC=C1O3451.1Semi standard non polar33892256
3-Feruloylquinic acid,1TBDMS,isomer #2COC1=CC(/C=C/C(=O)O[C@@H]2C[C@](O)(C(=O)O)C[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@H]2O)=CC=C1O3420.0Semi standard non polar33892256
3-Feruloylquinic acid,1TBDMS,isomer #3COC1=CC(/C=C/C(=O)O[C@@H]2C[C@](O)(C(=O)O)C[C@@H](O)[C@H]2O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)=CC=C1O3419.6Semi standard non polar33892256
3-Feruloylquinic acid,1TBDMS,isomer #4COC1=CC(/C=C/C(=O)O[C@@H]2C[C@](O)(C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C[C@@H](O)[C@H]2O)=CC=C1O3425.7Semi standard non polar33892256
3-Feruloylquinic acid,1TBDMS,isomer #5COC1=CC(/C=C/C(=O)O[C@@H]2C[C@](O)(C(=O)O)C[C@@H](O)[C@H]2O)=CC=C1O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C3461.1Semi standard non polar33892256
3-Feruloylquinic acid,2TBDMS,isomer #1COC1=CC(/C=C/C(=O)O[C@@H]2C[C@](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)(C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C[C@@H](O)[C@H]2O)=CC=C1O3591.6Semi standard non polar33892256
3-Feruloylquinic acid,2TBDMS,isomer #10COC1=CC(/C=C/C(=O)O[C@@H]2C[C@](O)(C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C[C@@H](O)[C@H]2O)=CC=C1O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C3631.1Semi standard non polar33892256
3-Feruloylquinic acid,2TBDMS,isomer #2COC1=CC(/C=C/C(=O)O[C@@H]2C[C@](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)(C(=O)O)C[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@H]2O)=CC=C1O3623.9Semi standard non polar33892256
3-Feruloylquinic acid,2TBDMS,isomer #3COC1=CC(/C=C/C(=O)O[C@@H]2C[C@](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)(C(=O)O)C[C@@H](O)[C@H]2O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)=CC=C1O3630.7Semi standard non polar33892256
3-Feruloylquinic acid,2TBDMS,isomer #4COC1=CC(/C=C/C(=O)O[C@@H]2C[C@](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)(C(=O)O)C[C@@H](O)[C@H]2O)=CC=C1O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C3643.1Semi standard non polar33892256
3-Feruloylquinic acid,2TBDMS,isomer #5COC1=CC(/C=C/C(=O)O[C@@H]2C[C@](O)(C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@H]2O)=CC=C1O3581.3Semi standard non polar33892256
3-Feruloylquinic acid,2TBDMS,isomer #6COC1=CC(/C=C/C(=O)O[C@@H]2C[C@](O)(C(=O)O)C[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@H]2O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)=CC=C1O3612.3Semi standard non polar33892256
3-Feruloylquinic acid,2TBDMS,isomer #7COC1=CC(/C=C/C(=O)O[C@@H]2C[C@](O)(C(=O)O)C[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@H]2O)=CC=C1O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C3648.7Semi standard non polar33892256
3-Feruloylquinic acid,2TBDMS,isomer #8COC1=CC(/C=C/C(=O)O[C@@H]2C[C@](O)(C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C[C@@H](O)[C@H]2O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)=CC=C1O3578.8Semi standard non polar33892256
3-Feruloylquinic acid,2TBDMS,isomer #9COC1=CC(/C=C/C(=O)O[C@@H]2C[C@](O)(C(=O)O)C[C@@H](O)[C@H]2O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)=CC=C1O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C3648.2Semi standard non polar33892256
3-Feruloylquinic acid,3TBDMS,isomer #1COC1=CC(/C=C/C(=O)O[C@@H]2C[C@](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)(C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@H]2O)=CC=C1O3776.0Semi standard non polar33892256
3-Feruloylquinic acid,3TBDMS,isomer #10COC1=CC(/C=C/C(=O)O[C@@H]2C[C@](O)(C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C[C@@H](O)[C@H]2O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)=CC=C1O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C3792.5Semi standard non polar33892256
3-Feruloylquinic acid,3TBDMS,isomer #2COC1=CC(/C=C/C(=O)O[C@@H]2C[C@](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)(C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C[C@@H](O)[C@H]2O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)=CC=C1O3786.6Semi standard non polar33892256
3-Feruloylquinic acid,3TBDMS,isomer #3COC1=CC(/C=C/C(=O)O[C@@H]2C[C@](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)(C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C[C@@H](O)[C@H]2O)=CC=C1O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C3784.8Semi standard non polar33892256
3-Feruloylquinic acid,3TBDMS,isomer #4COC1=CC(/C=C/C(=O)O[C@@H]2C[C@](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)(C(=O)O)C[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@H]2O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)=CC=C1O3816.0Semi standard non polar33892256
3-Feruloylquinic acid,3TBDMS,isomer #5COC1=CC(/C=C/C(=O)O[C@@H]2C[C@](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)(C(=O)O)C[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@H]2O)=CC=C1O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C3837.6Semi standard non polar33892256
3-Feruloylquinic acid,3TBDMS,isomer #6COC1=CC(/C=C/C(=O)O[C@@H]2C[C@](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)(C(=O)O)C[C@@H](O)[C@H]2O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)=CC=C1O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C3847.8Semi standard non polar33892256
3-Feruloylquinic acid,3TBDMS,isomer #7COC1=CC(/C=C/C(=O)O[C@@H]2C[C@](O)(C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@H]2O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)=CC=C1O3755.1Semi standard non polar33892256
3-Feruloylquinic acid,3TBDMS,isomer #8COC1=CC(/C=C/C(=O)O[C@@H]2C[C@](O)(C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@H]2O)=CC=C1O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C3795.1Semi standard non polar33892256
3-Feruloylquinic acid,3TBDMS,isomer #9COC1=CC(/C=C/C(=O)O[C@@H]2C[C@](O)(C(=O)O)C[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@H]2O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)=CC=C1O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C3828.5Semi standard non polar33892256
3-Feruloylquinic acid,4TBDMS,isomer #1COC1=CC(/C=C/C(=O)O[C@@H]2C[C@](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)(C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@H]2O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)=CC=C1O3967.4Semi standard non polar33892256
3-Feruloylquinic acid,4TBDMS,isomer #2COC1=CC(/C=C/C(=O)O[C@@H]2C[C@](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)(C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@H]2O)=CC=C1O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C3965.5Semi standard non polar33892256
3-Feruloylquinic acid,4TBDMS,isomer #3COC1=CC(/C=C/C(=O)O[C@@H]2C[C@](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)(C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C[C@@H](O)[C@H]2O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)=CC=C1O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C3968.8Semi standard non polar33892256
3-Feruloylquinic acid,4TBDMS,isomer #4COC1=CC(/C=C/C(=O)O[C@@H]2C[C@](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)(C(=O)O)C[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@H]2O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)=CC=C1O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C4010.8Semi standard non polar33892256
3-Feruloylquinic acid,4TBDMS,isomer #5COC1=CC(/C=C/C(=O)O[C@@H]2C[C@](O)(C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@H]2O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)=CC=C1O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C3956.6Semi standard non polar33892256
Spectra
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Cytoplasm
  • Extracellular
Biospecimen Locations
  • Blood
  • Urine
Tissue LocationsNot Available
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal
details
UrineDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal
details
Abnormal Concentrations
Not Available
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease ReferencesNone
Associated OMIM IDsNone
External LinksNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
General References
  1. Stalmach A, Mullen W, Barron D, Uchida K, Yokota T, Cavin C, Steiling H, Williamson G, Crozier A: Metabolite profiling of hydroxycinnamate derivatives in plasma and urine after the ingestion of coffee by humans: identification of biomarkers of coffee consumption. Drug Metab Dispos. 2009 Aug;37(8):1749-58. doi: 10.1124/dmd.109.028019. Epub 2009 May 21. [PubMed:19460943 ]
  2. Farah A, Monteiro M, Donangelo CM, Lafay S: Chlorogenic acids from green coffee extract are highly bioavailable in humans. J Nutr. 2008 Dec;138(12):2309-15. doi: 10.3945/jn.108.095554. [PubMed:19022950 ]
  3. (). Yannai, Shmuel. (2004) Dictionary of food compounds with CD-ROM: Additives, flavors, and ingredients. Boca Raton: Chapman & Hall/CRC.. .