Hmdb loader
Record Information
Version5.0
StatusExpected but not Quantified
Creation Date2012-09-11 19:54:39 UTC
Update Date2022-03-07 02:54:18 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0034977
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB34977
Metabolite Identification
Common NameKarpoxanthin
DescriptionKarpoxanthin belongs to the class of organic compounds known as xanthophylls. These are carotenoids containing an oxygenated carotene backbone. Carotenes are characterized by the presence of two end-groups (mostly cyclohexene rings, but also cyclopentene rings or acyclic groups) linked by a long branched alkyl chain. Carotenes belonging form a subgroup of the carotenoids family. Xanthophylls arise by oxygenation of the carotene backbone. Based on a literature review a small amount of articles have been published on Karpoxanthin.
Structure
Data?1563862645
Synonyms
ValueSource
(3S,3'r,5R,6R)-5,6-dihydro-3,3',5,6-Tetrahydroxy-beta,beta-caroteneHMDB
CarpoxanthinHMDB
Chemical FormulaC40H58O4
Average Molecular Weight602.8861
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight602.433510344
IUPAC Name1-[(1E,3Z,5Z,7E,9Z,11E,13Z,15Z,17E)-18-(4-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-3,7,12,16-tetramethyloctadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaen-1-yl]-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohexane-1,2,4-triol
Traditional Name1-[(1E,3Z,5Z,7E,9Z,11E,13Z,15Z,17E)-18-(4-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-3,7,12,16-tetramethyloctadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaen-1-yl]-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohexane-1,2,4-triol
CAS Registry Number99664-48-9
SMILES
C\C(\C=C/C=C(/C)\C=C\C1=C(C)CC(O)CC1(C)C)=C/C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C/C=C(/C)\C=C\C1(O)C(C)(C)CC(O)CC1(C)O
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C40H58O4/c1-29(17-13-19-31(3)21-22-36-33(5)25-34(41)26-37(36,6)7)15-11-12-16-30(2)18-14-20-32(4)23-24-40(44)38(8,9)27-35(42)28-39(40,10)43/h11-24,34-35,41-44H,25-28H2,1-10H3/b12-11-,17-13-,18-14-,22-21+,24-23+,29-15+,30-16+,31-19-,32-20-
InChI KeyDJOWTWWHMWQATC-CRLQYGKHSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as xanthophylls. These are carotenoids containing an oxygenated carotene backbone. Carotenes are characterized by the presence of two end-groups (mostly cyclohexene rings, but also cyclopentene rings or acyclic groups) linked by a long branched alkyl chain. Carotenes belonging form a subgroup of the carotenoids family. Xanthophylls arise by oxygenation of the carotene backbone.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassLipids and lipid-like molecules
ClassPrenol lipids
Sub ClassTetraterpenoids
Direct ParentXanthophylls
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Xanthophyll
  • Cyclohexanol
  • Cyclitol or derivatives
  • Tertiary alcohol
  • Cyclic alcohol
  • Secondary alcohol
  • Polyol
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Alcohol
  • Aliphatic homomonocyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic homomonocyclic compounds
External DescriptorsNot Available
Ontology
Physiological effectNot Available
Disposition
ProcessNot Available
RoleNot Available
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting Point182 - 183 °CNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water SolubilityNot AvailableNot Available
LogPNot AvailableNot Available
Experimental Chromatographic PropertiesNot Available
Predicted Molecular Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility0.0011 g/LALOGPS
logP7ALOGPS
logP6.64ChemAxon
logS-5.7ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)12.91ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)-1.1ChemAxon
Physiological Charge0ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count4ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count4ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area80.92 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count10ChemAxon
Refractivity197.15 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability73.9 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings2ChemAxon
BioavailabilityNoChemAxon
Rule of FiveNoChemAxon
Ghose FilterNoChemAxon
Veber's RuleNoChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
Predicted Chromatographic Properties

Predicted Collision Cross Sections

PredictorAdduct TypeCCS Value (Å2)Reference
DarkChem[M+H]+252.83631661259
DarkChem[M-H]-243.76931661259
DeepCCS[M+H]+267.65330932474
DeepCCS[M-H]-265.81530932474
DeepCCS[M-2H]-299.05530932474
DeepCCS[M+Na]+273.37630932474
AllCCS[M+H]+266.232859911
AllCCS[M+H-H2O]+264.732859911
AllCCS[M+NH4]+267.732859911
AllCCS[M+Na]+268.132859911
AllCCS[M-H]-243.132859911
AllCCS[M+Na-2H]-247.932859911
AllCCS[M+HCOO]-253.332859911

Predicted Kovats Retention Indices

Underivatized

MetaboliteSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
KarpoxanthinC\C(\C=C/C=C(/C)\C=C\C1=C(C)CC(O)CC1(C)C)=C/C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C/C=C(/C)\C=C\C1(O)C(C)(C)CC(O)CC1(C)O6394.2Standard polar33892256
KarpoxanthinC\C(\C=C/C=C(/C)\C=C\C1=C(C)CC(O)CC1(C)C)=C/C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C/C=C(/C)\C=C\C1(O)C(C)(C)CC(O)CC1(C)O4661.1Standard non polar33892256
KarpoxanthinC\C(\C=C/C=C(/C)\C=C\C1=C(C)CC(O)CC1(C)C)=C/C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C/C=C(/C)\C=C\C1(O)C(C)(C)CC(O)CC1(C)O4592.5Semi standard non polar33892256

Derivatized

Derivative Name / StructureSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
Karpoxanthin,1TMS,isomer #1CC1=C(/C=C/C(C)=C\C=C/C(C)=C/C=C\C=C(C)\C=C/C=C(C)\C=C\C2(O)C(C)(C)CC(O)CC2(C)O)C(C)(C)CC(O[Si](C)(C)C)C15011.5Semi standard non polar33892256
Karpoxanthin,1TMS,isomer #2CC1=C(/C=C/C(C)=C\C=C/C(C)=C/C=C\C=C(C)\C=C/C=C(C)\C=C\C2(O[Si](C)(C)C)C(C)(C)CC(O)CC2(C)O)C(C)(C)CC(O)C14995.5Semi standard non polar33892256
Karpoxanthin,1TMS,isomer #3CC1=C(/C=C/C(C)=C\C=C/C(C)=C/C=C\C=C(C)\C=C/C=C(C)\C=C\C2(O)C(C)(C)CC(O[Si](C)(C)C)CC2(C)O)C(C)(C)CC(O)C15008.4Semi standard non polar33892256
Karpoxanthin,1TMS,isomer #4CC1=C(/C=C/C(C)=C\C=C/C(C)=C/C=C\C=C(C)\C=C/C=C(C)\C=C\C2(O)C(C)(C)CC(O)CC2(C)O[Si](C)(C)C)C(C)(C)CC(O)C14947.9Semi standard non polar33892256
Karpoxanthin,2TMS,isomer #1CC1=C(/C=C/C(C)=C\C=C/C(C)=C/C=C\C=C(C)\C=C/C=C(C)\C=C\C2(O[Si](C)(C)C)C(C)(C)CC(O)CC2(C)O)C(C)(C)CC(O[Si](C)(C)C)C14879.0Semi standard non polar33892256
Karpoxanthin,2TMS,isomer #2CC1=C(/C=C/C(C)=C\C=C/C(C)=C/C=C\C=C(C)\C=C/C=C(C)\C=C\C2(O)C(C)(C)CC(O[Si](C)(C)C)CC2(C)O)C(C)(C)CC(O[Si](C)(C)C)C14877.0Semi standard non polar33892256
Karpoxanthin,2TMS,isomer #3CC1=C(/C=C/C(C)=C\C=C/C(C)=C/C=C\C=C(C)\C=C/C=C(C)\C=C\C2(O)C(C)(C)CC(O)CC2(C)O[Si](C)(C)C)C(C)(C)CC(O[Si](C)(C)C)C14830.6Semi standard non polar33892256
Karpoxanthin,2TMS,isomer #4CC1=C(/C=C/C(C)=C\C=C/C(C)=C/C=C\C=C(C)\C=C/C=C(C)\C=C\C2(O[Si](C)(C)C)C(C)(C)CC(O[Si](C)(C)C)CC2(C)O)C(C)(C)CC(O)C14901.1Semi standard non polar33892256
Karpoxanthin,2TMS,isomer #5CC1=C(/C=C/C(C)=C\C=C/C(C)=C/C=C\C=C(C)\C=C/C=C(C)\C=C\C2(O[Si](C)(C)C)C(C)(C)CC(O)CC2(C)O[Si](C)(C)C)C(C)(C)CC(O)C14889.7Semi standard non polar33892256
Karpoxanthin,2TMS,isomer #6CC1=C(/C=C/C(C)=C\C=C/C(C)=C/C=C\C=C(C)\C=C/C=C(C)\C=C\C2(O)C(C)(C)CC(O[Si](C)(C)C)CC2(C)O[Si](C)(C)C)C(C)(C)CC(O)C14850.8Semi standard non polar33892256
Karpoxanthin,3TMS,isomer #1CC1=C(/C=C/C(C)=C\C=C/C(C)=C/C=C\C=C(C)\C=C/C=C(C)\C=C\C2(O[Si](C)(C)C)C(C)(C)CC(O[Si](C)(C)C)CC2(C)O)C(C)(C)CC(O[Si](C)(C)C)C14787.4Semi standard non polar33892256
Karpoxanthin,3TMS,isomer #2CC1=C(/C=C/C(C)=C\C=C/C(C)=C/C=C\C=C(C)\C=C/C=C(C)\C=C\C2(O[Si](C)(C)C)C(C)(C)CC(O)CC2(C)O[Si](C)(C)C)C(C)(C)CC(O[Si](C)(C)C)C14782.3Semi standard non polar33892256
Karpoxanthin,3TMS,isomer #3CC1=C(/C=C/C(C)=C\C=C/C(C)=C/C=C\C=C(C)\C=C/C=C(C)\C=C\C2(O)C(C)(C)CC(O[Si](C)(C)C)CC2(C)O[Si](C)(C)C)C(C)(C)CC(O[Si](C)(C)C)C14750.2Semi standard non polar33892256
Karpoxanthin,3TMS,isomer #4CC1=C(/C=C/C(C)=C\C=C/C(C)=C/C=C\C=C(C)\C=C/C=C(C)\C=C\C2(O[Si](C)(C)C)C(C)(C)CC(O[Si](C)(C)C)CC2(C)O[Si](C)(C)C)C(C)(C)CC(O)C14823.8Semi standard non polar33892256
Karpoxanthin,4TMS,isomer #1CC1=C(/C=C/C(C)=C\C=C/C(C)=C/C=C\C=C(C)\C=C/C=C(C)\C=C\C2(O[Si](C)(C)C)C(C)(C)CC(O[Si](C)(C)C)CC2(C)O[Si](C)(C)C)C(C)(C)CC(O[Si](C)(C)C)C14734.1Semi standard non polar33892256
Karpoxanthin,1TBDMS,isomer #1CC1=C(/C=C/C(C)=C\C=C/C(C)=C/C=C\C=C(C)\C=C/C=C(C)\C=C\C2(O)C(C)(C)CC(O)CC2(C)O)C(C)(C)CC(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C15228.5Semi standard non polar33892256
Karpoxanthin,1TBDMS,isomer #2CC1=C(/C=C/C(C)=C\C=C/C(C)=C/C=C\C=C(C)\C=C/C=C(C)\C=C\C2(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)CC(O)CC2(C)O)C(C)(C)CC(O)C15202.3Semi standard non polar33892256
Karpoxanthin,1TBDMS,isomer #3CC1=C(/C=C/C(C)=C\C=C/C(C)=C/C=C\C=C(C)\C=C/C=C(C)\C=C\C2(O)C(C)(C)CC(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)CC2(C)O)C(C)(C)CC(O)C15224.3Semi standard non polar33892256
Karpoxanthin,1TBDMS,isomer #4CC1=C(/C=C/C(C)=C\C=C/C(C)=C/C=C\C=C(C)\C=C/C=C(C)\C=C\C2(O)C(C)(C)CC(O)CC2(C)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)CC(O)C15160.4Semi standard non polar33892256
Karpoxanthin,2TBDMS,isomer #1CC1=C(/C=C/C(C)=C\C=C/C(C)=C/C=C\C=C(C)\C=C/C=C(C)\C=C\C2(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)CC(O)CC2(C)O)C(C)(C)CC(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C15328.5Semi standard non polar33892256
Karpoxanthin,2TBDMS,isomer #2CC1=C(/C=C/C(C)=C\C=C/C(C)=C/C=C\C=C(C)\C=C/C=C(C)\C=C\C2(O)C(C)(C)CC(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)CC2(C)O)C(C)(C)CC(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C15337.3Semi standard non polar33892256
Karpoxanthin,2TBDMS,isomer #3CC1=C(/C=C/C(C)=C\C=C/C(C)=C/C=C\C=C(C)\C=C/C=C(C)\C=C\C2(O)C(C)(C)CC(O)CC2(C)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)CC(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C15289.0Semi standard non polar33892256
Karpoxanthin,2TBDMS,isomer #4CC1=C(/C=C/C(C)=C\C=C/C(C)=C/C=C\C=C(C)\C=C/C=C(C)\C=C\C2(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)CC(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)CC2(C)O)C(C)(C)CC(O)C15335.2Semi standard non polar33892256
Karpoxanthin,2TBDMS,isomer #5CC1=C(/C=C/C(C)=C\C=C/C(C)=C/C=C\C=C(C)\C=C/C=C(C)\C=C\C2(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)CC(O)CC2(C)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)CC(O)C15322.8Semi standard non polar33892256
Karpoxanthin,2TBDMS,isomer #6CC1=C(/C=C/C(C)=C\C=C/C(C)=C/C=C\C=C(C)\C=C/C=C(C)\C=C\C2(O)C(C)(C)CC(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)CC2(C)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)CC(O)C15300.9Semi standard non polar33892256
Spectra

GC-MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Karpoxanthin GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-06ri-0000090000-acb4e4149044f4d112d42017-09-01Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Karpoxanthin GC-MS (1 TMS) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-0a4r-3100049000-2fa3c382577a3482f8912017-10-06Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Karpoxanthin GC-MS (TMS_1_2) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-16Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Karpoxanthin GC-MS (TMS_1_3) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-16Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Karpoxanthin GC-MS (TMS_1_4) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-16Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Karpoxanthin GC-MS (TMS_2_1) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-16Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Karpoxanthin GC-MS (TMS_2_2) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-16Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Karpoxanthin GC-MS (TMS_2_3) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-16Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Karpoxanthin GC-MS (TMS_2_4) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-16Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Karpoxanthin GC-MS (TMS_2_5) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-16Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Karpoxanthin GC-MS (TMS_2_6) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-16Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Karpoxanthin GC-MS (TMS_3_1) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-16Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Karpoxanthin GC-MS (TMS_3_2) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-16Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Karpoxanthin GC-MS (TMS_3_3) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-16Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Karpoxanthin GC-MS (TMS_3_4) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-16Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Karpoxanthin GC-MS (TMS_4_1) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-16Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Karpoxanthin GC-MS (TBDMS_1_1) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-16Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Karpoxanthin GC-MS (TBDMS_1_2) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-16Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Karpoxanthin GC-MS (TBDMS_1_3) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-16Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Karpoxanthin GC-MS (TBDMS_1_4) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-16Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Karpoxanthin GC-MS (TBDMS_2_1) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-16Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Karpoxanthin GC-MS (TBDMS_2_2) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-16Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Karpoxanthin GC-MS (TBDMS_2_3) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-16Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Karpoxanthin GC-MS (TBDMS_2_4) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-16Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Karpoxanthin GC-MS (TBDMS_2_5) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-16Wishart LabView Spectrum

MS/MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Karpoxanthin 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-014r-0101392000-48519b85d4347f66921d2016-08-01Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Karpoxanthin 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-014i-0654970000-045c9bae4cb850eaf1f82016-08-01Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Karpoxanthin 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-03di-1695330000-aec5141eb2800222eeaf2016-08-01Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Karpoxanthin 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0udi-0200049000-1321c73aa9b8e9b284272016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Karpoxanthin 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0f89-0200395000-d25c33c39dc8447722df2016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Karpoxanthin 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0a4j-7801690000-5e6108606c87369759962016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Karpoxanthin 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0udi-0100009000-73255f80d3f79b78afad2021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Karpoxanthin 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0ue9-0114396000-41f0f1fe0ee76d6712682021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Karpoxanthin 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0aps-0434930000-027fb2fd2325729556b32021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Karpoxanthin 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0frj-0212392000-c059325956d7022012842021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Karpoxanthin 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-014i-0113390000-1450f4eeca05cc0493f92021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Karpoxanthin 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0udj-0393200000-b9a60c3a508ece8935c92021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Extracellular
  • Membrane
Biospecimen LocationsNot Available
Tissue LocationsNot Available
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
Not Available
Abnormal Concentrations
Not Available
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease ReferencesNone
Associated OMIM IDsNone
DrugBank IDNot Available
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDFDB020444
KNApSAcK IDC00022928
Chemspider ID35013807
KEGG Compound IDNot Available
BioCyc IDNot Available
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkNot Available
METLIN IDNot Available
PubChem Compound131751643
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI IDNot Available
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDNot Available
MarkerDB IDNot Available
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
General References
  1. Simons K, Toomre D: Lipid rafts and signal transduction. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2000 Oct;1(1):31-9. [PubMed:11413487 ]
  2. Watson AD: Thematic review series: systems biology approaches to metabolic and cardiovascular disorders. Lipidomics: a global approach to lipid analysis in biological systems. J Lipid Res. 2006 Oct;47(10):2101-11. Epub 2006 Aug 10. [PubMed:16902246 ]
  3. Sethi JK, Vidal-Puig AJ: Thematic review series: adipocyte biology. Adipose tissue function and plasticity orchestrate nutritional adaptation. J Lipid Res. 2007 Jun;48(6):1253-62. Epub 2007 Mar 20. [PubMed:17374880 ]
  4. Lingwood D, Simons K: Lipid rafts as a membrane-organizing principle. Science. 2010 Jan 1;327(5961):46-50. doi: 10.1126/science.1174621. [PubMed:20044567 ]
  5. (). Yannai, Shmuel. (2004) Dictionary of food compounds with CD-ROM: Additives, flavors, and ingredients. Boca Raton: Chapman & Hall/CRC.. .
  6. Gunstone, Frank D., John L. Harwood, and Albert J. Dijkstra (2007). The lipid handbook with CD-ROM. CRC Press.