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Record Information
Version5.0
StatusExpected but not Quantified
Creation Date2012-09-11 20:48:16 UTC
Update Date2022-03-07 02:54:37 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0035782
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB35782
Metabolite Identification
Common NameEsculentic acid (Diplazium)
Description10,11-dihydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-1,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,6a,6b,7,8,8a,9,10,11,12,12a,12b,13,14b-icosahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid belongs to the class of organic compounds known as triterpenoids. These are terpene molecules containing six isoprene units. Based on a literature review very few articles have been published on 10,11-dihydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-1,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,6a,6b,7,8,8a,9,10,11,12,12a,12b,13,14b-icosahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid.
Structure
Data?1563862771
Synonyms
ValueSource
10,11-Dihydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-1,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,6a,6b,7,8,8a,9,10,11,12,12a,12b,13,14b-icosahydropicene-4a-carboxylateGenerator
Esculentate (diplazium)Generator
Chemical FormulaC30H48O5
Average Molecular Weight488.6991
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight488.350174646
IUPAC Name10,11-dihydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-1,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,6a,6b,7,8,8a,9,10,11,12,12a,12b,13,14b-icosahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid
Traditional Nameasiatic acid
CAS Registry Number76964-07-3
SMILES
CC1CCC2(CCC3(C)C(=CCC4C5(C)CC(O)C(O)C(C)(CO)C5CCC34C)C2C1C)C(O)=O
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C30H48O5/c1-17-9-12-30(25(34)35)14-13-28(5)19(23(30)18(17)2)7-8-22-26(3)15-20(32)24(33)27(4,16-31)21(26)10-11-29(22,28)6/h7,17-18,20-24,31-33H,8-16H2,1-6H3,(H,34,35)
InChI KeyJXSVIVRDWWRQRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as triterpenoids. These are terpene molecules containing six isoprene units.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassLipids and lipid-like molecules
ClassPrenol lipids
Sub ClassTriterpenoids
Direct ParentTriterpenoids
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Triterpenoid
  • 12-hydroxysteroid
  • Hydroxysteroid
  • Steroid
  • Cyclic alcohol
  • Secondary alcohol
  • Carboxylic acid derivative
  • Carboxylic acid
  • Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organic oxide
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Alcohol
  • Carbonyl group
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Primary alcohol
  • Aliphatic homopolycyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic homopolycyclic compounds
External DescriptorsNot Available
Ontology
Physiological effectNot Available
Disposition
ProcessNot Available
RoleNot Available
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting Point270 °CNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water SolubilityNot AvailableNot Available
LogPNot AvailableNot Available
Experimental Chromatographic PropertiesNot Available
Predicted Molecular Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility0.011 g/LALOGPS
logP4.81ALOGPS
logP4.23ChemAxon
logS-4.6ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)4.74ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)-2.8ChemAxon
Physiological Charge-1ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count5ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count4ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area97.99 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count2ChemAxon
Refractivity136.83 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability56.63 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings5ChemAxon
BioavailabilityYesChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterNoChemAxon
Veber's RuleNoChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
Predicted Chromatographic Properties

Predicted Collision Cross Sections

PredictorAdduct TypeCCS Value (Å2)Reference
DarkChem[M+H]+211.15331661259
DarkChem[M-H]-202.5631661259
DeepCCS[M-2H]-249.70930932474
DeepCCS[M+Na]+225.26330932474
AllCCS[M+H]+217.132859911
AllCCS[M+H-H2O]+215.532859911
AllCCS[M+NH4]+218.532859911
AllCCS[M+Na]+218.932859911
AllCCS[M-H]-212.432859911
AllCCS[M+Na-2H]-214.632859911
AllCCS[M+HCOO]-217.232859911

Predicted Kovats Retention Indices

Underivatized

MetaboliteSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
Esculentic acid (Diplazium)CC1CCC2(CCC3(C)C(=CCC4C5(C)CC(O)C(O)C(C)(CO)C5CCC34C)C2C1C)C(O)=O3052.4Standard polar33892256
Esculentic acid (Diplazium)CC1CCC2(CCC3(C)C(=CCC4C5(C)CC(O)C(O)C(C)(CO)C5CCC34C)C2C1C)C(O)=O3604.0Standard non polar33892256
Esculentic acid (Diplazium)CC1CCC2(CCC3(C)C(=CCC4C5(C)CC(O)C(O)C(C)(CO)C5CCC34C)C2C1C)C(O)=O4212.8Semi standard non polar33892256

Derivatized

Derivative Name / StructureSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
Esculentic acid (Diplazium),1TMS,isomer #1CC1CCC2(C(=O)O)CCC3(C)C(=CCC4C5(C)CC(O[Si](C)(C)C)C(O)C(C)(CO)C5CCC43C)C2C1C4188.4Semi standard non polar33892256
Esculentic acid (Diplazium),1TMS,isomer #2CC1CCC2(C(=O)O)CCC3(C)C(=CCC4C5(C)CC(O)C(O[Si](C)(C)C)C(C)(CO)C5CCC43C)C2C1C4190.9Semi standard non polar33892256
Esculentic acid (Diplazium),1TMS,isomer #3CC1CCC2(C(=O)O)CCC3(C)C(=CCC4C5(C)CC(O)C(O)C(C)(CO[Si](C)(C)C)C5CCC43C)C2C1C4181.8Semi standard non polar33892256
Esculentic acid (Diplazium),1TMS,isomer #4CC1CCC2(C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C)CCC3(C)C(=CCC4C5(C)CC(O)C(O)C(C)(CO)C5CCC43C)C2C1C4092.7Semi standard non polar33892256
Esculentic acid (Diplazium),2TMS,isomer #1CC1CCC2(C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C)CCC3(C)C(=CCC4C5(C)CC(O[Si](C)(C)C)C(O)C(C)(CO)C5CCC43C)C2C1C4072.3Semi standard non polar33892256
Esculentic acid (Diplazium),2TMS,isomer #2CC1CCC2(C(=O)O)CCC3(C)C(=CCC4C5(C)CC(O[Si](C)(C)C)C(O[Si](C)(C)C)C(C)(CO)C5CCC43C)C2C1C4201.6Semi standard non polar33892256
Esculentic acid (Diplazium),2TMS,isomer #3CC1CCC2(C(=O)O)CCC3(C)C(=CCC4C5(C)CC(O[Si](C)(C)C)C(O)C(C)(CO[Si](C)(C)C)C5CCC43C)C2C1C4207.9Semi standard non polar33892256
Esculentic acid (Diplazium),2TMS,isomer #4CC1CCC2(C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C)CCC3(C)C(=CCC4C5(C)CC(O)C(O[Si](C)(C)C)C(C)(CO)C5CCC43C)C2C1C4074.8Semi standard non polar33892256
Esculentic acid (Diplazium),2TMS,isomer #5CC1CCC2(C(=O)O)CCC3(C)C(=CCC4C5(C)CC(O)C(O[Si](C)(C)C)C(C)(CO[Si](C)(C)C)C5CCC43C)C2C1C4203.0Semi standard non polar33892256
Esculentic acid (Diplazium),2TMS,isomer #6CC1CCC2(C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C)CCC3(C)C(=CCC4C5(C)CC(O)C(O)C(C)(CO[Si](C)(C)C)C5CCC43C)C2C1C4122.2Semi standard non polar33892256
Esculentic acid (Diplazium),3TMS,isomer #1CC1CCC2(C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C)CCC3(C)C(=CCC4C5(C)CC(O[Si](C)(C)C)C(O[Si](C)(C)C)C(C)(CO)C5CCC43C)C2C1C4017.6Semi standard non polar33892256
Esculentic acid (Diplazium),3TMS,isomer #2CC1CCC2(C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C)CCC3(C)C(=CCC4C5(C)CC(O[Si](C)(C)C)C(O)C(C)(CO[Si](C)(C)C)C5CCC43C)C2C1C4021.5Semi standard non polar33892256
Esculentic acid (Diplazium),3TMS,isomer #3CC1CCC2(C(=O)O)CCC3(C)C(=CCC4C5(C)CC(O[Si](C)(C)C)C(O[Si](C)(C)C)C(C)(CO[Si](C)(C)C)C5CCC43C)C2C1C4182.9Semi standard non polar33892256
Esculentic acid (Diplazium),3TMS,isomer #4CC1CCC2(C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C)CCC3(C)C(=CCC4C5(C)CC(O)C(O[Si](C)(C)C)C(C)(CO[Si](C)(C)C)C5CCC43C)C2C1C4016.8Semi standard non polar33892256
Esculentic acid (Diplazium),4TMS,isomer #1CC1CCC2(C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C)CCC3(C)C(=CCC4C5(C)CC(O[Si](C)(C)C)C(O[Si](C)(C)C)C(C)(CO[Si](C)(C)C)C5CCC43C)C2C1C3980.1Semi standard non polar33892256
Esculentic acid (Diplazium),1TBDMS,isomer #1CC1CCC2(C(=O)O)CCC3(C)C(=CCC4C5(C)CC(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(O)C(C)(CO)C5CCC43C)C2C1C4405.0Semi standard non polar33892256
Esculentic acid (Diplazium),1TBDMS,isomer #2CC1CCC2(C(=O)O)CCC3(C)C(=CCC4C5(C)CC(O)C(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(CO)C5CCC43C)C2C1C4409.5Semi standard non polar33892256
Esculentic acid (Diplazium),1TBDMS,isomer #3CC1CCC2(C(=O)O)CCC3(C)C(=CCC4C5(C)CC(O)C(O)C(C)(CO[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C5CCC43C)C2C1C4421.5Semi standard non polar33892256
Esculentic acid (Diplazium),1TBDMS,isomer #4CC1CCC2(C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)CCC3(C)C(=CCC4C5(C)CC(O)C(O)C(C)(CO)C5CCC43C)C2C1C4342.0Semi standard non polar33892256
Esculentic acid (Diplazium),2TBDMS,isomer #1CC1CCC2(C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)CCC3(C)C(=CCC4C5(C)CC(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(O)C(C)(CO)C5CCC43C)C2C1C4523.4Semi standard non polar33892256
Esculentic acid (Diplazium),2TBDMS,isomer #2CC1CCC2(C(=O)O)CCC3(C)C(=CCC4C5(C)CC(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(CO)C5CCC43C)C2C1C4633.6Semi standard non polar33892256
Esculentic acid (Diplazium),2TBDMS,isomer #3CC1CCC2(C(=O)O)CCC3(C)C(=CCC4C5(C)CC(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(O)C(C)(CO[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C5CCC43C)C2C1C4643.1Semi standard non polar33892256
Esculentic acid (Diplazium),2TBDMS,isomer #4CC1CCC2(C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)CCC3(C)C(=CCC4C5(C)CC(O)C(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(CO)C5CCC43C)C2C1C4531.8Semi standard non polar33892256
Esculentic acid (Diplazium),2TBDMS,isomer #5CC1CCC2(C(=O)O)CCC3(C)C(=CCC4C5(C)CC(O)C(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(CO[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C5CCC43C)C2C1C4640.7Semi standard non polar33892256
Esculentic acid (Diplazium),2TBDMS,isomer #6CC1CCC2(C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)CCC3(C)C(=CCC4C5(C)CC(O)C(O)C(C)(CO[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C5CCC43C)C2C1C4582.8Semi standard non polar33892256
Esculentic acid (Diplazium),3TBDMS,isomer #1CC1CCC2(C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)CCC3(C)C(=CCC4C5(C)CC(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(CO)C5CCC43C)C2C1C4654.5Semi standard non polar33892256
Esculentic acid (Diplazium),3TBDMS,isomer #2CC1CCC2(C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)CCC3(C)C(=CCC4C5(C)CC(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(O)C(C)(CO[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C5CCC43C)C2C1C4652.6Semi standard non polar33892256
Esculentic acid (Diplazium),3TBDMS,isomer #3CC1CCC2(C(=O)O)CCC3(C)C(=CCC4C5(C)CC(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(CO[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C5CCC43C)C2C1C4813.7Semi standard non polar33892256
Esculentic acid (Diplazium),3TBDMS,isomer #4CC1CCC2(C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)CCC3(C)C(=CCC4C5(C)CC(O)C(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(CO[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C5CCC43C)C2C1C4668.1Semi standard non polar33892256
Spectra

GC-MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Esculentic acid (Diplazium) GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-05fr-1002900000-3509f4eb5cbfeb47ea782017-09-01Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Esculentic acid (Diplazium) GC-MS (2 TMS) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-014i-2000139000-c1d450a2a7a6dc4b04572017-10-06Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Esculentic acid (Diplazium) GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-12Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Esculentic acid (Diplazium) GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-12Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Esculentic acid (Diplazium) GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-12Wishart LabView Spectrum

MS/MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Esculentic acid (Diplazium) LC-ESI-QTOF , negative-QTOFsplash10-000i-0000900000-3283f3a6fdc1f8a664da2017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Esculentic acid (Diplazium) LC-ESI-QTOF , negative-QTOFsplash10-000i-0000900000-baec48f0cfa32ffc56152017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Esculentic acid (Diplazium) LC-ESI-QTOF , negative-QTOFsplash10-000i-0000900000-76fefa4e9e70b86438fc2017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Esculentic acid (Diplazium) Linear Ion Trap , negative-QTOFsplash10-0a4i-0003900000-bc4bc63229c155c0d5002017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Esculentic acid (Diplazium) LC-ESI-TOF , negative-QTOFsplash10-000i-0000910000-df7ce2b45192539f13382017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Esculentic acid (Diplazium) LC-ESI-TOF , negative-QTOFsplash10-000i-0000900000-b0d9347334d99f0e96382017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Esculentic acid (Diplazium) 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-000i-0000900000-2ba5cd05ea9754b2c37b2021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Esculentic acid (Diplazium) 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-000i-0000900000-91de7443b778ac0444662021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Esculentic acid (Diplazium) 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-000i-0000900000-5f94b39114e234c1fb4f2021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Esculentic acid (Diplazium) 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-000i-0000900000-3283f3a6fdc1f8a664da2021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Esculentic acid (Diplazium) 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-000i-0000900000-baec48f0cfa32ffc56152021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Esculentic acid (Diplazium) 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-000i-0000900000-76fefa4e9e70b86438fc2021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Esculentic acid (Diplazium) LC-ESI-QTOF , positive-QTOFsplash10-03di-0000090000-d986660f9cea818e41872017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Esculentic acid (Diplazium) LC-ESI-QTOF , positive-QTOFsplash10-03di-0000090000-674e929a4fe088853f542017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Esculentic acid (Diplazium) Linear Ion Trap , positive-QTOFsplash10-0pb9-0253900000-bcdf6ed164092195b34b2017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Esculentic acid (Diplazium) Linear Ion Trap , positive-QTOFsplash10-0f9i-0022900000-9d1109c5913d165531952017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Esculentic acid (Diplazium) Linear Ion Trap , positive-QTOFsplash10-014i-0000900000-76bcb23bd6e843a245552017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Esculentic acid (Diplazium) Linear Ion Trap , positive-QTOFsplash10-014i-0000900000-c8cf68c7c7337b89d1922017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Esculentic acid (Diplazium) 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-000i-0000900000-da8204c2688cd58099c02015-04-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Esculentic acid (Diplazium) 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-02bu-0000900000-2ec7163c25cff3f73cb02015-04-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Esculentic acid (Diplazium) 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-03di-1000900000-d701ce94f1b5864470e52015-04-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Esculentic acid (Diplazium) 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-000i-0000900000-da8204c2688cd58099c02015-04-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Esculentic acid (Diplazium) 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-02bu-0000900000-2ec7163c25cff3f73cb02015-04-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Esculentic acid (Diplazium) 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-03di-1000900000-d701ce94f1b5864470e52015-04-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Esculentic acid (Diplazium) 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-000i-0000900000-da8204c2688cd58099c02015-04-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Extracellular
  • Membrane
Biospecimen LocationsNot Available
Tissue LocationsNot Available
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
Not Available
Abnormal Concentrations
Not Available
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease ReferencesNone
Associated OMIM IDsNone
DrugBank IDNot Available
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDNot Available
KNApSAcK IDNot Available
Chemspider ID261424
KEGG Compound IDNot Available
BioCyc IDNot Available
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkNot Available
METLIN IDNot Available
PubChem Compound296191
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI IDNot Available
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDNot Available
MarkerDB IDNot Available
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
General References
  1. Simons K, Toomre D: Lipid rafts and signal transduction. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2000 Oct;1(1):31-9. [PubMed:11413487 ]
  2. Watson AD: Thematic review series: systems biology approaches to metabolic and cardiovascular disorders. Lipidomics: a global approach to lipid analysis in biological systems. J Lipid Res. 2006 Oct;47(10):2101-11. Epub 2006 Aug 10. [PubMed:16902246 ]
  3. Sethi JK, Vidal-Puig AJ: Thematic review series: adipocyte biology. Adipose tissue function and plasticity orchestrate nutritional adaptation. J Lipid Res. 2007 Jun;48(6):1253-62. Epub 2007 Mar 20. [PubMed:17374880 ]
  4. Lingwood D, Simons K: Lipid rafts as a membrane-organizing principle. Science. 2010 Jan 1;327(5961):46-50. doi: 10.1126/science.1174621. [PubMed:20044567 ]
  5. (). Yannai, Shmuel. (2004) Dictionary of food compounds with CD-ROM: Additives, flavors, and ingredients. Boca Raton: Chapman & Hall/CRC.. .
  6. Gunstone, Frank D., John L. Harwood, and Albert J. Dijkstra (2007). The lipid handbook with CD-ROM. CRC Press.