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Record Information
Version5.0
StatusExpected but not Quantified
Creation Date2005-11-16 15:48:42 UTC
Update Date2023-02-21 17:14:46 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0000370
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB00370
Metabolite Identification
Common Name2-Amino-3-phosphonopropionic acid
Description2-Amino-3-phosphonopropionic acid (AP-3 or 2-AP3), also known as 3-phosphonoalanine, is a non-proteinogenc alpha-amino acid that is alanine in which one of the hydrogens of the terminal methyl group has been replaced by a dihydroxy(oxido)-lambda(5)-phosphanyl group. It is found in many organisms ranging from microbes to invertebrates to animals. In humans AP-3 is found in diverse tissues, such as liver, intestine and spleen. (PMID: 2627760 ). 2-Amino-3-phosphonopropionic acid is a ubiquitous naturally occurring phosphonate used as a source of phosphorus by many prokaryotic organisms (PMID: 30119975 ). The natural occurrence of 2-amino-3-phosphonopropionic acid. the phosphonate analogue of aspartic acid, was first reported by Kittredge & Hughes (PMID: 14214094 ) in the sea anemone Zoanthus sociatus and the protozoon Tetrahymena pyriformis. It has since been established to be one of the most widely distributed of the biogenic C-P compounds, particularly among the lower marine invertebrates (PMID: 19191873 ). AP-3 has been determined to be a metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist (PMID: 8836635 ). It has been shown to block the amyloid precursor protein (APP) release evoked by glutamate receptor stimulation in neurons of the cortex and hippocampus. APP accumulation is believed to produce the damage in Alzheimer’s disease (PMID: 7644542 ).
Structure
Thumb
Synonyms
Chemical FormulaC3H8NO5P
Average Molecular Weight169.0731
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight169.014008883
IUPAC Name2-amino-3-phosphonopropanoic acid
Traditional Namephosphonoalanine
CAS Registry Number5652-28-8
SMILES
NC(CP(O)(O)=O)C(O)=O
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C3H8NO5P/c4-2(3(5)6)1-10(7,8)9/h2H,1,4H2,(H,5,6)(H2,7,8,9)
InChI KeyLBTABPSJONFLPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as alpha amino acids. These are amino acids in which the amino group is attached to the carbon atom immediately adjacent to the carboxylate group (alpha carbon).
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganic acids and derivatives
ClassCarboxylic acids and derivatives
Sub ClassAmino acids, peptides, and analogues
Direct ParentAlpha amino acids
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Alpha-amino acid
  • Organophosphonic acid
  • Organophosphonic acid derivative
  • Amino acid
  • Carboxylic acid
  • Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Primary amine
  • Organophosphorus compound
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organic oxide
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Primary aliphatic amine
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Carbonyl group
  • Amine
  • Aliphatic acyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic acyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
Physiological effectNot Available
Disposition
Process
RoleNot Available
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting PointNot AvailableNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water SolubilityNot AvailableNot Available
LogPNot AvailableNot Available
Experimental Chromatographic PropertiesNot Available
Predicted Molecular Properties
Predicted Chromatographic Properties
Spectra
Biological Properties
Cellular LocationsNot Available
Biospecimen LocationsNot Available
Tissue Locations
  • Epidermis
  • Fibroblasts
  • Intestine
  • Liver
  • Spleen
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
Not Available
Abnormal Concentrations
Not Available
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease ReferencesNone
Associated OMIM IDsNone
DrugBank IDNot Available
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDFDB021989
KNApSAcK IDNot Available
Chemspider ID3723
KEGG Compound IDC05672
BioCyc IDNot Available
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkNot Available
METLIN ID5359
PubChem Compound3857
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID28388
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDNot Available
MarkerDB IDNot Available
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceSmith, Edward C. R.; McQuaid, Loretta A.; Paschal, Jonathan W.; DeHoniesto, Juel. An enantioselective synthesis of D-(-)- and L-(+)-2-amino-3-phosphonopropanoic acid. Journal of Organic Chemistry (1990), 55(14), 4472-4.
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
General References