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Record Information
Version5.0
StatusDetected and Quantified
Creation Date2005-11-16 15:48:42 UTC
Update Date2023-02-21 17:14:50 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0000448
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB0004862
  • HMDB00448
  • HMDB04862
Metabolite Identification
Common NameAdipic acid
DescriptionAdipic acid is an important inudstrial dicarboxylic acid with about 2.5 billion kilograms produced per year. It is used mainly in the production of nylon. It occurs relatively rarely in nature. It has a tart taste and is also used as an additive and gelling agent in jello or gelatins. It is also used in some calcium carbonate antacids to make them tart. Adipic acid has also been incorporated into controlled-release formulation matrix tablets to obtain pH-independent release for both weakly basic and weakly acidic drugs. Adipic acid in the urine and in the blood is typically exogenous in origin and is a good biomarker of jello consumption. In fact, a condition known as adipic aciduria is actually an artifact of jello consumption (PMID: 1779643 ). However, certain disorders (such as diabetes and glutaric aciduria type I.) can lead to elevated levels of adipic acid snd other dicarboxcylic acids (such as suberic acid) in urine (PMID: 17520433 ; PMID: 6778884 ). Moreover, adipic acid is also found to be associated with 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase deficiency, carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase deficiency, malonyl-Coa decarboxylase deficiency, and medium Chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, which are inborn errors of metabolism. Adipic acid is also microbial metabolite found in Escherichia.
Structure
Thumb
Synonyms
Chemical FormulaC6H10O4
Average Molecular Weight146.1412
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight146.057908808
IUPAC Namehexanedioic acid
Traditional Nameadipic acid
CAS Registry Number124-04-9
SMILES
OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C6H10O4/c7-5(8)3-1-2-4-6(9)10/h1-4H2,(H,7,8)(H,9,10)
InChI KeyWNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as medium-chain fatty acids. These are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 4 and 12 carbon atoms.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassLipids and lipid-like molecules
ClassFatty Acyls
Sub ClassFatty acids and conjugates
Direct ParentMedium-chain fatty acids
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Medium-chain fatty acid
  • Dicarboxylic acid or derivatives
  • Carboxylic acid
  • Carboxylic acid derivative
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Organic oxide
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Carbonyl group
  • Aliphatic acyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic acyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
Physiological effect
Disposition
Biological locationRoute of exposureSource
Process
Role
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting Point151 - 154 °CNot Available
Boiling Point265.00 °C. @ 100.00 mm HgThe Good Scents Company Information System
Water Solubility30.8 mg/mL at 34 °CNot Available
LogP0.08HANSCH,C ET AL. (1995)
Experimental Chromatographic Properties

Experimental Collision Cross Sections

Adduct TypeData SourceCCS Value (Å2)Reference
[M-H]-Not Available126.4http://allccs.zhulab.cn/database/detail?ID=AllCCS00000194
Predicted Molecular Properties
Predicted Chromatographic Properties
Spectra
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Cytoplasm
Biospecimen Locations
  • Blood
  • Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
  • Feces
  • Saliva
  • Urine
Tissue Locations
  • Kidney
  • Liver
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
Abnormal Concentrations
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease References
Colorectal cancer
  1. Sinha R, Ahn J, Sampson JN, Shi J, Yu G, Xiong X, Hayes RB, Goedert JJ: Fecal Microbiota, Fecal Metabolome, and Colorectal Cancer Interrelations. PLoS One. 2016 Mar 25;11(3):e0152126. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152126. eCollection 2016. [PubMed:27015276 ]
  2. Brown DG, Rao S, Weir TL, O'Malia J, Bazan M, Brown RJ, Ryan EP: Metabolomics and metabolic pathway networks from human colorectal cancers, adjacent mucosa, and stool. Cancer Metab. 2016 Jun 6;4:11. doi: 10.1186/s40170-016-0151-y. eCollection 2016. [PubMed:27275383 ]
  3. Goedert JJ, Sampson JN, Moore SC, Xiao Q, Xiong X, Hayes RB, Ahn J, Shi J, Sinha R: Fecal metabolomics: assay performance and association with colorectal cancer. Carcinogenesis. 2014 Sep;35(9):2089-96. doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgu131. Epub 2014 Jul 18. [PubMed:25037050 ]
Lung Cancer
  1. Wishart DS, Knox C, Guo AC, Eisner R, Young N, Gautam B, Hau DD, Psychogios N, Dong E, Bouatra S, Mandal R, Sinelnikov I, Xia J, Jia L, Cruz JA, Lim E, Sobsey CA, Shrivastava S, Huang P, Liu P, Fang L, Peng J, Fradette R, Cheng D, Tzur D, Clements M, Lewis A, De Souza A, Zuniga A, Dawe M, Xiong Y, Clive D, Greiner R, Nazyrova A, Shaykhutdinov R, Li L, Vogel HJ, Forsythe I: HMDB: a knowledgebase for the human metabolome. Nucleic Acids Res. 2009 Jan;37(Database issue):D603-10. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkn810. Epub 2008 Oct 25. [PubMed:18953024 ]
Anorexia nervosa
  1. Capo-chichi CD, Gueant JL, Lefebvre E, Bennani N, Lorentz E, Vidailhet C, Vidailhet M: Riboflavin and riboflavin-derived cofactors in adolescent girls with anorexia nervosa. Am J Clin Nutr. 1999 Apr;69(4):672-8. [PubMed:10197568 ]
3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase deficiency
  1. G.Frauendienst-Egger, Friedrich K. Trefz (2017). MetaGene: Metabolic & Genetic Information Center (MIC: http://www.metagene.de). METAGENE consortium.
Eosinophilic esophagitis
  1. Slae, M., Huynh, H., Wishart, D.S. (2014). Analysis of 30 normal pediatric urine samples via NMR spectroscopy (unpublished work). NA.
Fumarase deficiency
  1. Bastug O, Kardas F, Ozturk MA, Halis H, Memur S, Korkmaz L, Tag Z, Gunes T: A rare cause of opistotonus; fumaric aciduria: The first case presentation in Turkey. Turk Pediatri Ars. 2014 Mar 1;49(1):74-6. doi: 10.5152/tpa.2014.442. eCollection 2014 Mar. [PubMed:26078636 ]
Medium Chain Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency
  1. Tserng KY, Jin SJ, Kerr DS, Hoppel CL: Abnormal urinary excretion of unsaturated dicarboxylic acids in patients with medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency. J Lipid Res. 1990 May;31(5):763-71. [PubMed:2380628 ]
  2. Gregersen N, Kolvraa S, Rasmussen K, Mortensen PB, Divry P, David M, Hobolth N: General (medium-chain) acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (non-ketotic dicarboxylic aciduria): quantitative urinary excretion pattern of 23 biologically significant organic acids in three cases. Clin Chim Acta. 1983 Aug 15;132(2):181-91. [PubMed:6616873 ]
  3. Duran M, De Klerk JB, Wadman SK, Bruinvis L, Ketting D: The differential diagnosis of dicarboxylic aciduria. J Inherit Metab Dis. 1984;7 Suppl 1:48-51. [PubMed:6434845 ]
Malonyl-Coa decarboxylase deficiency
  1. Haan EA, Scholem RD, Croll HB, Brown GK: Malonyl coenzyme A decarboxylase deficiency. Clinical and biochemical findings in a second child with a more severe enzyme defect. Eur J Pediatr. 1986 Apr;144(6):567-70. [PubMed:3709568 ]
Short Chain Acyl-Coa Dehydrogenase Deficiency
  1. Amendt BA, Greene C, Sweetman L, Cloherty J, Shih V, Moon A, Teel L, Rhead WJ: Short-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency. Clinical and biochemical studies in two patients. J Clin Invest. 1987 May;79(5):1303-9. [PubMed:3571488 ]
Carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase deficiency
  1. Stanley CA, Hale DE, Berry GT, Deleeuw S, Boxer J, Bonnefont JP: Brief report: a deficiency of carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase in the inner mitochondrial membrane. N Engl J Med. 1992 Jul 2;327(1):19-23. [PubMed:1598097 ]
  2. Ogier de Baulny H, Slama A, Touati G, Turnbull DM, Pourfarzam M, Brivet M: Neonatal hyperammonemia caused by a defect of carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase. J Pediatr. 1995 Nov;127(5):723-8. [PubMed:7472823 ]
3-Hydroxydicarboxylic aciduria
  1. Tserng KY, Jin SJ, Kerr DS, Hoppel CL: Urinary 3-hydroxydicarboxylic acids in pathophysiology of metabolic disorders with dicarboxylic aciduria. Metabolism. 1991 Jul;40(7):676-82. [PubMed:1870421 ]
3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl-CoA Synthase Deficiency
  1. Conboy E, Vairo F, Schultz M, Agre K, Ridsdale R, Deyle D, Oglesbee D, Gavrilov D, Klee EW, Lanpher B: Mitochondrial 3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl-CoA Synthase Deficiency: Unique Presenting Laboratory Values and a Review of Biochemical and Clinical Features. JIMD Rep. 2017 Oct 14. doi: 10.1007/8904_2017_59. [PubMed:29030856 ]
Associated OMIM IDs
  • 114500 (Colorectal cancer)
  • 211980 (Lung Cancer)
  • 606788 (Anorexia nervosa)
  • 246450 (3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase deficiency)
  • 610247 (Eosinophilic esophagitis)
  • 606812 (Fumarase deficiency)
  • 201450 (Medium Chain Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency)
  • 248360 (Malonyl-Coa decarboxylase deficiency)
  • 212138 (Carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase deficiency)
  • 605911 (3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl-CoA Synthase Deficiency)
DrugBank IDNot Available
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDFDB008309
KNApSAcK IDC00001178
Chemspider ID191
KEGG Compound IDC06104
BioCyc IDADIPATE
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkAdipic_acid
METLIN ID115
PubChem Compound196
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID30832
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDADPAC
MarkerDB IDMDB00000162
Good Scents IDrw1001801
References
Synthesis ReferenceSaito, Kenji. Recovery of adipic acid. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho (1976), 5 pp.
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
General References
  1. Coude MM, Charpentier C, Bonnefont JP, Cheron G, Kamoun P: Organic acids in aqueous humour and plasma: post mortem study in infants and diagnosis of enzymopathies. J Inherit Metab Dis. 1991;14(5):668-73. [PubMed:1779612 ]
  2. Pettersen JE: In vivo studies on the metabolism of hexanedioic acid. Clin Chim Acta. 1975 Jan 6;58(1):43-50. [PubMed:1122631 ]
  3. Matsumoto M, Kuhara T, Inoue Y, Shinka T, Matsumoto I: Abnormal fatty acid metabolism in patients in hopantenate therapy during clinical episodes. J Chromatogr. 1991 Jan 2;562(1-2):139-45. [PubMed:2026687 ]
  4. Jakobs C, Sweetman L, Wadman SK, Duran M, Saudubray JM, Nyhan WL: Prenatal diagnosis of glutaric aciduria type II by direct chemical analysis of dicarboxylic acids in amniotic fluid. Eur J Pediatr. 1984 Jan;141(3):153-7. [PubMed:6698061 ]
  5. Greter J, Lindstedt S, Steen G: Urinary metabolites of cis-9,10-methylene octadecanoic acid. cis-3,4-Methylene hexanedioic acid and related compounds. J Biol Chem. 1979 Apr 25;254(8):2807-13. [PubMed:429319 ]
  6. Glick N, Fischer M: Adipic aciduria, a dietary artefact. J Inherit Metab Dis. 1991;14(5):849-50. [PubMed:1779643 ]
  7. Sonmez G, Mutlu H, Ozturk E, Sildiroglu HO, Keskin AT, Basekim CC, Kizilkaya E: Magnetic resonance imaging findings of adult-onset glutaric aciduria type I. Acta Radiol. 2007 Jun;48(5):557-9. [PubMed:17520433 ]
  8. Liebich HM, Pickert A, Stierle U, Woll J: Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of saturated and unsaturated dicarboxylic acids in urine. J Chromatogr. 1980 Oct 31;199:181-9. [PubMed:6778884 ]