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Record Information
Version5.0
StatusDetected and Quantified
Creation Date2005-11-16 15:48:42 UTC
Update Date2023-02-21 17:14:51 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0000459
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB00459
Metabolite Identification
Common Name3-Methylcrotonylglycine
Description3-Methylcrotonylglycine is an acyl glycine. Acyl glycines are normally minor metabolites of fatty acids. However, the excretion of certain acyl glycines is increased in several inborn errors of metabolism. In certain cases the measurement of these metabolites in body fluids can be used to diagnose disorders associated with mitochondrial fatty acid beta-oxidation. Acyl glycines are produced through the action of glycine N-acyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.13) which is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction: acyl-CoA + glycine < -- > CoA + N-acylglycine. 3-Methylcrotonylglycine is a normal amino acid metabolite found in urine. Increased levels of this metabolite are found in patients suffering from leucine catabolic disorders, such as 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase deficiency. 3-Methylcrotonylglycine is often considered to be a diagnostic marker of organic acidemias (PMID 11170888 ). Moreover, 3-methylcrotonylglycine is found to be associated with 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase deficiency and propionic acidemia, which are also inborn errors of metabolism.
Structure
Data?1676999691
Synonyms
ValueSource
beta-MethylcrotonylglycineChEBI
b-MethylcrotonylglycineGenerator
Β-methylcrotonylglycineGenerator
3-Methylcrotonyl glycineHMDB
3-Methylcrotonyl-glycineHMDB
3-MethylcrotonylglycinHMDB
N-(3-Methyl-1-oxo-2-butenyl)-glycineHMDB
3-MethylcrotonylglycineMeSH
Chemical FormulaC7H11NO3
Average Molecular Weight157.1671
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight157.073893223
IUPAC Name2-(3-methylbut-2-enamido)acetic acid
Traditional Name(3-methylbut-2-enamido)acetic acid
CAS Registry Number33008-07-0
SMILES
CC(C)=CC(=O)NCC(O)=O
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C7H11NO3/c1-5(2)3-6(9)8-4-7(10)11/h3H,4H2,1-2H3,(H,8,9)(H,10,11)
InChI KeyPFWQSHXPNKRLIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as n-acyl-alpha amino acids. N-acyl-alpha amino acids are compounds containing an alpha amino acid which bears an acyl group at its terminal nitrogen atom.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganic acids and derivatives
ClassCarboxylic acids and derivatives
Sub ClassAmino acids, peptides, and analogues
Direct ParentN-acyl-alpha amino acids
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • N-acyl-alpha-amino acid
  • N-acyl-amine
  • Secondary carboxylic acid amide
  • Carboxamide group
  • Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
  • Carboxylic acid
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Organic oxide
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Carbonyl group
  • Aliphatic acyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic acyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
Physiological effectNot Available
Disposition
Process
Role
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting PointNot AvailableNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water SolubilityNot AvailableNot Available
LogPNot AvailableNot Available
Experimental Chromatographic PropertiesNot Available
Predicted Molecular Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility7.64 g/LALOGPS
logP0.02ALOGPS
logP0.058ChemAxon
logS-1.3ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)4.09ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)-0.54ChemAxon
Physiological Charge-1ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count3ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count2ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area66.4 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count3ChemAxon
Refractivity40.05 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability15.79 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings0ChemAxon
BioavailabilityYesChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterNoChemAxon
Veber's RuleNoChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
Predicted Chromatographic Properties

Predicted Collision Cross Sections

PredictorAdduct TypeCCS Value (Å2)Reference
DarkChem[M+H]+134.32831661259
DarkChem[M-H]-130.46631661259
AllCCS[M+H]+135.4732859911
AllCCS[M-H]-133.77732859911
DeepCCS[M+H]+131.33730932474
DeepCCS[M-H]-127.50930932474
DeepCCS[M-2H]-164.66430932474
DeepCCS[M+Na]+140.10430932474
AllCCS[M+H]+135.532859911
AllCCS[M+H-H2O]+131.532859911
AllCCS[M+NH4]+139.132859911
AllCCS[M+Na]+140.232859911
AllCCS[M-H]-133.832859911
AllCCS[M+Na-2H]-135.832859911
AllCCS[M+HCOO]-138.032859911

Predicted Kovats Retention Indices

Underivatized

MetaboliteSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
3-MethylcrotonylglycineCC(C)=CC(=O)NCC(O)=O2274.0Standard polar33892256
3-MethylcrotonylglycineCC(C)=CC(=O)NCC(O)=O1277.8Standard non polar33892256
3-MethylcrotonylglycineCC(C)=CC(=O)NCC(O)=O1554.4Semi standard non polar33892256

Derivatized

Derivative Name / StructureSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
3-Methylcrotonylglycine,1TMS,isomer #1CC(C)=CC(=O)NCC(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C1566.6Semi standard non polar33892256
3-Methylcrotonylglycine,1TMS,isomer #2CC(C)=CC(=O)N(CC(=O)O)[Si](C)(C)C1581.1Semi standard non polar33892256
3-Methylcrotonylglycine,2TMS,isomer #1CC(C)=CC(=O)N(CC(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C1582.0Semi standard non polar33892256
3-Methylcrotonylglycine,2TMS,isomer #1CC(C)=CC(=O)N(CC(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C1588.8Standard non polar33892256
3-Methylcrotonylglycine,2TMS,isomer #1CC(C)=CC(=O)N(CC(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C1734.7Standard polar33892256
3-Methylcrotonylglycine,1TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)=CC(=O)NCC(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C1790.6Semi standard non polar33892256
3-Methylcrotonylglycine,1TBDMS,isomer #2CC(C)=CC(=O)N(CC(=O)O)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C1793.0Semi standard non polar33892256
3-Methylcrotonylglycine,2TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)=CC(=O)N(CC(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2023.2Semi standard non polar33892256
3-Methylcrotonylglycine,2TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)=CC(=O)N(CC(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2020.4Standard non polar33892256
3-Methylcrotonylglycine,2TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)=CC(=O)N(CC(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2010.2Standard polar33892256
Spectra

GC-MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - 3-Methylcrotonylglycine GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-001l-9200000000-b5de5c506d0864c0f7d12017-09-01Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - 3-Methylcrotonylglycine GC-MS (1 TMS) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-01x3-9210000000-3cd3c3c8ea08c7d1e6c72017-10-06Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - 3-Methylcrotonylglycine GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-12Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - 3-Methylcrotonylglycine GC-MS (TMS_1_2) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-11-05Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - 3-Methylcrotonylglycine GC-MS (TBDMS_1_1) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-11-05Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - 3-Methylcrotonylglycine GC-MS (TBDMS_1_2) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-11-05Wishart LabView Spectrum

MS/MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 3-Methylcrotonylglycine Quattro_QQQ 10V, Positive-QTOF (Annotated)splash10-001i-9000000000-de6b64abad08a6b0aa932012-07-24HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 3-Methylcrotonylglycine Quattro_QQQ 25V, Positive-QTOF (Annotated)splash10-0a59-9000000000-6614867cbb98a34226262012-07-24HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 3-Methylcrotonylglycine Quattro_QQQ 40V, Positive-QTOF (Annotated)splash10-0a59-9000000000-87fe2c98c5568e0a36512012-07-24HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 3-Methylcrotonylglycine 35V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-053r-9000000000-6b621ffd0bb999f80e572021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 3-Methylcrotonylglycine 35V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-00di-9000000000-595a1236b9c6b885ba282021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 3-Methylcrotonylglycine 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0a4i-7900000000-f113c2d59fe1238ea5732017-09-01Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 3-Methylcrotonylglycine 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0a6r-9100000000-ca7eb3d4b533d2e318922017-09-01Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 3-Methylcrotonylglycine 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0a4i-9000000000-78c1b06293f14b96b0122017-09-01Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 3-Methylcrotonylglycine 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0a4i-0900000000-9462ca1f1e0bcf30b8712017-09-01Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 3-Methylcrotonylglycine 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0a4i-6900000000-7cf2a248f3b7490e76772017-09-01Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 3-Methylcrotonylglycine 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0ab9-9000000000-30da48e2c1ce30e690972017-09-01Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 3-Methylcrotonylglycine 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-074i-5900000000-ec18735846b1c28e727c2021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 3-Methylcrotonylglycine 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-00di-9100000000-ca9e9c33cf4ebfc612fc2021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 3-Methylcrotonylglycine 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-00di-9000000000-16027ff30f26d4efcd812021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 3-Methylcrotonylglycine 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-03e9-9700000000-cec9fb8eb63cd434b7e82021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 3-Methylcrotonylglycine 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0a59-9000000000-33ae5682d1818bbe41232021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 3-Methylcrotonylglycine 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0a4i-9000000000-93d70561c1a4ee06a6792021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum

NMR Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionDeposition DateSourceView
Experimental 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, CDCl3, experimental)2012-12-04Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Experimental 2D NMR[1H, 13C]-HSQC NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, CD3OD, experimental)2012-12-05Wishart LabView Spectrum

IR Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted IR SpectrumIR Ion Spectrum (Predicted IRIS Spectrum, Adduct: [M-H]-)2023-02-03FELIX labView Spectrum
Predicted IR SpectrumIR Ion Spectrum (Predicted IRIS Spectrum, Adduct: [M+H]+)2023-02-03FELIX labView Spectrum
Predicted IR SpectrumIR Ion Spectrum (Predicted IRIS Spectrum, Adduct: [M+Na]+)2023-02-03FELIX labView Spectrum
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Cytoplasm
Biospecimen Locations
  • Blood
  • Urine
Tissue Locations
  • Fibroblasts
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot AvailableNot Available
Normal
      Not Available
details
UrineDetected and Quantified0.0559–0.6455 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (25-30 years old)Both
Not Available
details
UrineDetected and Quantified0-2 umol/mmol creatinineNewborn (0-30 days old)Both
Normal
details
UrineDetected and Quantified0.040.0–0.6236 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (25-30 years old)Both
Not Available
details
UrineDetected and Quantified0.0651–0.4442 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (25-30 years old)Both
Not Available
details
UrineDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (24-38years old)Not SpecifiedNormal details
UrineDetected and Quantified<0.48 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
UrineDetected and Quantified0.9-2.0 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)FemaleNormal details
UrineDetected and Quantified<2 umol/mmol creatinineNot SpecifiedNot SpecifiedNormal details
UrineDetected and Quantified<10 umol/mmol creatinineChildren (1 - 18 years old)Both
Normal
    • BC Children's Hos...
details
UrineDetected and Quantified6.100 +/- 4.100 umol/mmol creatinineNot SpecifiedNot SpecifiedNormal
    • Geigy Scientific ...
details
UrineDetected and Quantified0.8-1.2 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)MaleNormal details
Abnormal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
UrineDetected and Quantified700.0 (400.0-1000.0) umol/mmol creatinineChildren (1-13 years old)Both3-Methyl-Crotonyl-Glycinuria
    • MetaGene: Metabol...
details
UrineDetected and Quantified27.5 (5.0-50.0) umol/mmol creatinineChildren (1-13 years old)BothBiotinidase deficiency
    • MetaGene: Metabol...
details
UrineDetected and Quantified0.41 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)Not Specified
Propionic acidemia
details
UrineDetected and Quantified27.6 umol/mmol creatinineNewborn (0-30 days old)Male3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric- coenzyme A lyase deficiency details
UrineDetected and Quantified120 umol/mmol creatinineChildren (1 - 13 years old)Female3-Methylcrotonyl-CoA Carboxylase Deficiency details
UrineDetected and Quantified1975 umol/mmol creatinineChildren (1 - 13 years old)Not SpecifiedIsolated 3-Methylcrotonyl-CoA Carboxylase Deficiency details
UrineDetected and Quantified27.6 umol/mmol creatinineNewborn (0-30 days old)Male3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl-CoA Lyase Deficiency details
UrineDetected and Quantified225.0 (0.00-450.0) umol/mmol creatinineChildren (1-13 years old)Both3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl-CoA Lyase Deficiency
    • MetaGene: Metabol...
details
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease References
3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase deficiency
  1. Santarelli F, Cassanello M, Enea A, Poma F, D'Onofrio V, Guala G, Garrone G, Puccinelli P, Caruso U, Porta F, Spada M: A neonatal case of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric-coenzyme A lyase deficiency. Ital J Pediatr. 2013 May 24;39:33. doi: 10.1186/1824-7288-39-33. [PubMed:23705938 ]
  2. G.Frauendienst-Egger, Friedrich K. Trefz (2017). MetaGene: Metabolic & Genetic Information Center (MIC: http://www.metagene.de). METAGENE consortium.
3-Methyl-crotonyl-glycinuria
  1. Rutledge SL, Berry GT, Stanley CA, van Hove JL, Millington D: Glycine and L-carnitine therapy in 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase deficiency. J Inherit Metab Dis. 1995;18(3):299-305. [PubMed:7474896 ]
  2. de Kremer RD, Latini A, Suormala T, Baumgartner ER, Larovere L, Civallero G, Guelbert N, Paschini-Capra A, Depetris-Boldini C, Mayor CQ: Leukodystrophy and CSF purine abnormalities associated with isolated 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase deficiency. Metab Brain Dis. 2002 Mar;17(1):13-8. [PubMed:11893004 ]
  3. G.Frauendienst-Egger, Friedrich K. Trefz (2017). MetaGene: Metabolic & Genetic Information Center (MIC: http://www.metagene.de). METAGENE consortium.
Biotinidase deficiency
  1. G.Frauendienst-Egger, Friedrich K. Trefz (2017). MetaGene: Metabolic & Genetic Information Center (MIC: http://www.metagene.de). METAGENE consortium.
Propionic acidemia
  1. Riemersma M, Hazebroek MR, Helderman-van den Enden ATJM, Salomons GS, Ferdinandusse S, Brouwers MCGJ, van der Ploeg L, Heymans S, Glatz JFC, van den Wijngaard A, Krapels IPC, Bierau J, Brunner HG: Propionic acidemia as a cause of adult-onset dilated cardiomyopathy. Eur J Hum Genet. 2017 Nov;25(11):1195-1201. doi: 10.1038/ejhg.2017.127. Epub 2017 Aug 30. [PubMed:28853722 ]
Associated OMIM IDs
  • 246450 (3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase deficiency)
  • 210200 (3-Methyl-crotonyl-glycinuria)
  • 253260 (Biotinidase deficiency)
  • 606054 (Propionic acidemia)
DrugBank IDNot Available
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDFDB022057
KNApSAcK IDNot Available
Chemspider ID148224
KEGG Compound IDNot Available
BioCyc IDNot Available
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkNot Available
METLIN ID5447
PubChem Compound169485
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID68499
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDNot Available
MarkerDB IDMDB00013425
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceCarter, S. M. Bonham; Watson, D. G.; Midgley, J. M.; Logan, R. W. Synthesis and characterization of acyl glycines. Their measurement in single blood spots by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to diagnose inborn errors of metabolism. Journal of Chromatography, B: Biomedical Applications (1996), 677(1), 29-35.
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
General References
  1. Gallardo ME, Desviat LR, Rodriguez JM, Esparza-Gordillo J, Perez-Cerda C, Perez B, Rodriguez-Pombo P, Criado O, Sanz R, Morton DH, Gibson KM, Le TP, Ribes A, de Cordoba SR, Ugarte M, Penalva MA: The molecular basis of 3-methylcrotonylglycinuria, a disorder of leucine catabolism. Am J Hum Genet. 2001 Feb;68(2):334-46. Epub 2001 Jan 17. [PubMed:11170888 ]
  2. Chantin C, Bonin B, Boulieu R, Bory C: Liquid-chromatographic study of purine metabolism abnormalities in purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency. Clin Chem. 1996 Feb;42(2):326-8. [PubMed:8595732 ]
  3. Wysocki SJ, Hahnel R: 3-Methylcrotonylglycine excretion in 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric aciduria. Clin Chim Acta. 1978 May 16;86(1):101-8. [PubMed:657530 ]
  4. Koeberl DD, Millington DS, Smith WE, Weavil SD, Muenzer J, McCandless SE, Kishnani PS, McDonald MT, Chaing S, Boney A, Moore E, Frazier DM: Evaluation of 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase deficiency detected by tandem mass spectrometry newborn screening. J Inherit Metab Dis. 2003;26(1):25-35. [PubMed:12872837 ]
  5. Baykal T, Gokcay GH, Ince Z, Dantas MF, Fowler B, Baumgartner MR, Demir F, Can G, Demirkol M: Consanguineous 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase deficiency: early-onset necrotizing encephalopathy with lethal outcome. J Inherit Metab Dis. 2005;28(2):229-33. [PubMed:15877210 ]
  6. Cowan MJ, Wara DW, Packman S, Ammann AJ, Yoshino M, Sweetman L, Nyhan W: Multiple biotin-dependent carboxylase deficiencies associated with defects in T-cell and B-cell immunity. Lancet. 1979 Jul 21;2(8134):115-8. [PubMed:88554 ]

Enzymes

General function:
Involved in glycine N-acyltransferase activity
Specific function:
Mitochondrial acyltransferase which transfers an acyl group to the N-terminus of glycine and glutamine, although much less efficiently. Can conjugate numerous substrates to form a variety of N-acylglycines, with a preference for benzoyl-CoA over phenylacetyl-CoA as acyl donors. Thereby detoxify xenobiotics, such as benzoic acid or salicylic acid, and endogenous organic acids, such as isovaleric acid.
Gene Name:
GLYAT
Uniprot ID:
Q6IB77
Molecular weight:
18506.33
General function:
Involved in glycine N-acyltransferase activity
Specific function:
Acyltransferase which transfers an acyl group to the N-terminus of glutamine. Can use phenylacetyl-CoA as an acyl donor.
Gene Name:
GLYATL1
Uniprot ID:
Q969I3
Molecular weight:
35100.895
General function:
Involved in glycine N-acyltransferase activity
Specific function:
Mitochondrial acyltransferase which transfers the acyl group to the N-terminus of glycine. Conjugates numerous substrates, such as arachidonoyl-CoA and saturated medium and long-chain acyl-CoAs ranging from chain-length C8:0-CoA to C18:0-CoA, to form a variety of N-acylglycines. Shows a preference for monounsaturated fatty acid oleoyl-CoA (C18:1-CoA) as an acyl donor. Does not exhibit any activity toward C22:6-CoA and chenodeoxycholoyl-CoA, nor toward serine or alanine.
Gene Name:
GLYATL2
Uniprot ID:
Q8WU03
Molecular weight:
34277.055
General function:
Involved in glycine N-acyltransferase activity
Specific function:
Acyltransferase which transfers the acyl group to the N- terminus of glycine
Gene Name:
GLYATL3
Uniprot ID:
Q5SZD4
Molecular weight:
32703.3