| Record Information |
|---|
| Version | 5.0 |
|---|
| Status | Detected but not Quantified |
|---|
| Creation Date | 2005-11-16 15:48:42 UTC |
|---|
| Update Date | 2023-02-21 17:14:54 UTC |
|---|
| HMDB ID | HMDB0000512 |
|---|
| Secondary Accession Numbers | |
|---|
| Metabolite Identification |
|---|
| Common Name | N-Acetyl-L-phenylalanine |
|---|
| Description | N-Acetyl-L-phenylalanine or N-Acetylphenylalanine, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as N-acyl-alpha amino acids. N-acyl-alpha amino acids are compounds containing an alpha amino acid which bears an acyl group at its terminal nitrogen atom. N-Acetyl-L-phenylalanine can also be classified as an alpha amino acid or a derivatized alpha amino acid. Technically, N-Acetyl-L-phenylalanine is a biologically available N-terminal capped form of the proteinogenic alpha amino acid L-phenylalanine. N-acetyl amino acids can be produced either via direct synthesis of specific N-acetyltransferases or via the proteolytic degradation of N-acetylated proteins by specific hydrolases. N-terminal acetylation of proteins is a widespread and highly conserved process in eukaryotes that is involved in protection and stability of proteins (PMID: 16465618 ). About 85% of all human proteins and 68% of all yeast proteins are acetylated at their N-terminus (PMID: 21750686 ). Several proteins from prokaryotes and archaea are also modified by N-terminal acetylation. The majority of eukaryotic N-terminal-acetylation reactions occur through N-acetyltransferase enzymes or NAT’s (PMID: 30054468 ). These enzymes consist of three main oligomeric complexes NatA, NatB, and NatC, which are composed of at least a unique catalytic subunit and one unique ribosomal anchor. The substrate specificities of different NAT enzymes are mainly determined by the identities of the first two N-terminal residues of the target protein. The human NatA complex co-translationally acetylates N-termini that bear a small amino acid (A, S, T, C, and occasionally V and G) (PMID: 30054468 ). NatA also exists in a monomeric state and can post-translationally acetylate acidic N-termini residues (D-, E-). NatB and NatC acetylate N-terminal methionine with further specificity determined by the identity of the second amino acid. N-acetylated amino acids, such as N-acetylphenylalanine can be released by an N-acylpeptide hydrolase from peptides generated by proteolytic degradation (PMID: 16465618 ). In addition to the NAT enzymes and protein-based acetylation, N-acetylation of free phenylalanine can also occur. In particular, N-Acetyl-L-phenylalanine can be biosynthesized from L-phenylalanine and acetyl-CoA by the enzyme phenylalanine N-acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.53). N-Acetyl-L-phenylalanine is a potential uremic toxin and is considered as a hazardous amphipathic metabolite of phenylalanine (PMID: 4038506 ). Many N-acetylamino acids, including N-acetylphenylalanine, are classified as uremic toxins (PMID: 26317986 ; PMID: 20613759 ). Uremic toxins are a diverse group of endogenously produced molecules that, if not properly cleared or eliminated by the kidneys, can cause kidney damage, cardiovascular disease and neurological deficits (PMID: 18287557 ). N-Acetyl-L-phenylalanine appears in large amount in urine of patients with phenylketonuria (PKU), which is a human genetic disorder due to the lack of phenylalanine hydroxylase, the enzyme necessary to metabolize phenylalanine to tyrosine (PMID: 3473611 ). N-Acetyl-L-phenylalanine is a product of enzyme phenylalanine N-acetyltransferase [EC 2.3.1.53] which is found in the phenylalanine metabolism pathway. N-Acetyl-L-phenylalanine is produced for medical, feed, and nutritional applications such as in the preparation of aspartame. Afalanine (N-Acetyl-DL-phenylalanine) is also approved for use as an antidepressant. |
|---|
| Structure | CC(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)C(O)=O InChI=1S/C11H13NO3/c1-8(13)12-10(11(14)15)7-9-5-3-2-4-6-9/h2-6,10H,7H2,1H3,(H,12,13)(H,14,15)/t10-/m0/s1 |
|---|
| Synonyms | | Value | Source |
|---|
| Acetyl-L-phenylalanine | ChEBI | | Acetylphenylalanine | ChEBI | | L-N-Acetylphenylalanine | ChEBI | | N-Acetylphenylalanine | ChEBI | | N-Acetyl-3-phenyl-L-alanine | HMDB | | N-Acetyl-L-phenalanine | HMDB | | N-Acetylphenylalanine, (D,L)-isomer, 3H-labeled | HMDB | | N-Acetylphenylalanine, (L)-isomer | HMDB | | N-Acetylphenylalanine, (L)-isomer, 3H-labeled | HMDB | | N-Acetylphenylalanine, (D)-isomer | HMDB |
|
|---|
| Chemical Formula | C11H13NO3 |
|---|
| Average Molecular Weight | 207.2258 |
|---|
| Monoisotopic Molecular Weight | 207.089543287 |
|---|
| IUPAC Name | (2S)-2-acetamido-3-phenylpropanoic acid |
|---|
| Traditional Name | acetyl-L-phenylalanine |
|---|
| CAS Registry Number | 2018-61-3 |
|---|
| SMILES | CC(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)C(O)=O |
|---|
| InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C11H13NO3/c1-8(13)12-10(11(14)15)7-9-5-3-2-4-6-9/h2-6,10H,7H2,1H3,(H,12,13)(H,14,15)/t10-/m0/s1 |
|---|
| InChI Key | CBQJSKKFNMDLON-JTQLQIEISA-N |
|---|
| Chemical Taxonomy |
|---|
| Description | Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as phenylalanine and derivatives. Phenylalanine and derivatives are compounds containing phenylalanine or a derivative thereof resulting from reaction of phenylalanine at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of glycine by a heteroatom. |
|---|
| Kingdom | Organic compounds |
|---|
| Super Class | Organic acids and derivatives |
|---|
| Class | Carboxylic acids and derivatives |
|---|
| Sub Class | Amino acids, peptides, and analogues |
|---|
| Direct Parent | Phenylalanine and derivatives |
|---|
| Alternative Parents | |
|---|
| Substituents | - Phenylalanine or derivatives
- N-acyl-alpha-amino acid
- N-acyl-alpha amino acid or derivatives
- 3-phenylpropanoic-acid
- Amphetamine or derivatives
- Monocyclic benzene moiety
- Benzenoid
- Carboximidic acid
- Carboximidic acid derivative
- Carboxylic acid
- Organic 1,3-dipolar compound
- Propargyl-type 1,3-dipolar organic compound
- Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
- Organic nitrogen compound
- Organonitrogen compound
- Organooxygen compound
- Hydrocarbon derivative
- Organic oxide
- Organopnictogen compound
- Carbonyl group
- Organic oxygen compound
- Aromatic homomonocyclic compound
|
|---|
| Molecular Framework | Aromatic homomonocyclic compounds |
|---|
| External Descriptors | |
|---|
| Ontology |
|---|
| Not Available | Not Available |
|---|
| Physical Properties |
|---|
| State | Solid |
|---|
| Experimental Molecular Properties | | Property | Value | Reference |
|---|
| Melting Point | 171 - 173 °C | Not Available | | Boiling Point | Not Available | Not Available | | Water Solubility | 6450 mg/L @ 25 °C (est) | The Good Scents Company Information System | | LogP | 0.93 | GREEN,PG ET AL. (1991) |
|
|---|
| Experimental Chromatographic Properties | Experimental Collision Cross Sections |
|---|
| Predicted Molecular Properties | |
|---|
| Predicted Chromatographic Properties | Predicted Collision Cross SectionsPredicted Retention Times Underivatized| Chromatographic Method | Retention Time | Reference |
|---|
| Measured using a Waters Acquity ultraperformance liquid chromatography (UPLC) ethylene-bridged hybrid (BEH) C18 column (100 mm × 2.1 mm; 1.7 μmparticle diameter). Predicted by Afia on May 17, 2022. Predicted by Afia on May 17, 2022. | 4.62 minutes | 32390414 | | Predicted by Siyang on May 30, 2022 | 11.0019 minutes | 33406817 | | Predicted by Siyang using ReTip algorithm on June 8, 2022 | 2.66 minutes | 32390414 | | AjsUoB = Accucore 150 Amide HILIC with 10mM Ammonium Formate, 0.1% Formic Acid | 59.7 seconds | 40023050 | | Fem_Long = Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 C18 with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid | 1520.4 seconds | 40023050 | | Fem_Lipids = Ascentis Express C18 with (60:40 water:ACN):(90:10 IPA:ACN) and 10mM NH4COOH + 0.1% Formic Acid | 308.6 seconds | 40023050 | | Life_Old = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:(20:80 acetone:ACN) and 0.1% Formic Acid | 120.8 seconds | 40023050 | | Life_New = RP Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 C18 with Water:(30:70 MeOH:ACN) and 0.1% Formic Acid | 181.2 seconds | 40023050 | | RIKEN = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 99.4 seconds | 40023050 | | Eawag_XBridgeC18 = XBridge C18 3.5u 2.1x50 mm with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid | 360.2 seconds | 40023050 | | BfG_NTS_RP1 =Agilent Zorbax Eclipse Plus C18 (2.1 mm x 150 mm, 3.5 um) with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 436.6 seconds | 40023050 | | HILIC_BDD_2 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-HILIC with ACN(0.1% formic acid):water(16 mM ammonium formate) | 107.2 seconds | 40023050 | | UniToyama_Atlantis = RP Waters Atlantis T3 (2.1 x 150 mm, 5 um) with ACN:Water and 0.1% Formic Acid | 865.7 seconds | 40023050 | | BDD_C18 = Hypersil Gold 1.9µm C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 381.7 seconds | 40023050 | | UFZ_Phenomenex = Kinetex Core-Shell C18 2.6 um, 3.0 x 100 mm, Phenomenex with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid | 1144.1 seconds | 40023050 | | SNU_RIKEN_POS = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 248.3 seconds | 40023050 | | RPMMFDA = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 285.0 seconds | 40023050 | | MTBLS87 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-pHILIC column with ACN:Water and :ammonium carbonate | 357.9 seconds | 40023050 | | KI_GIAR_zic_HILIC_pH2_7 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-HILIC with ACN:Water and 0.1% FA | 187.5 seconds | 40023050 | | Meister zic-pHILIC pH9.3 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-pHILIC column with ACN:Water 5mM NH4Ac pH9.3 and 5mM ammonium acetate in water | 89.1 seconds | 40023050 |
Predicted Kovats Retention IndicesUnderivatizedDerivatized| Derivative Name / Structure | SMILES | Kovats RI Value | Column Type | Reference |
|---|
| N-Acetyl-L-phenylalanine,1TMS,isomer #1 | CC(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C | 1805.5 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | | N-Acetyl-L-phenylalanine,1TMS,isomer #2 | CC(=O)N([C@@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)C(=O)O)[Si](C)(C)C | 1800.2 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | | N-Acetyl-L-phenylalanine,2TMS,isomer #1 | CC(=O)N([C@@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C | 1799.6 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | | N-Acetyl-L-phenylalanine,2TMS,isomer #1 | CC(=O)N([C@@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C | 1862.1 | Standard non polar | 33892256 | | N-Acetyl-L-phenylalanine,2TMS,isomer #1 | CC(=O)N([C@@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C | 2182.4 | Standard polar | 33892256 | | N-Acetyl-L-phenylalanine,1TBDMS,isomer #1 | CC(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C | 2053.8 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | | N-Acetyl-L-phenylalanine,1TBDMS,isomer #2 | CC(=O)N([C@@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)C(=O)O)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C | 2030.6 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | | N-Acetyl-L-phenylalanine,2TBDMS,isomer #1 | CC(=O)N([C@@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C | 2277.7 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | | N-Acetyl-L-phenylalanine,2TBDMS,isomer #1 | CC(=O)N([C@@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C | 2293.4 | Standard non polar | 33892256 | | N-Acetyl-L-phenylalanine,2TBDMS,isomer #1 | CC(=O)N([C@@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C | 2455.2 | Standard polar | 33892256 |
|
|---|
| Spectra |
|---|
| |
|---|
| Biological Properties |
|---|
| Cellular Locations | |
|---|
| Biospecimen Locations | |
|---|
| Tissue Locations | Not Available |
|---|
| Pathways | |
|---|
| Normal Concentrations |
|---|
| |
| Blood | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | | Saliva | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Male | Normal | | details | | Saliva | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Male | Normal | | details | | Saliva | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Male | Normal | | details | | Saliva | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Male | Normal | | details | | Saliva | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Male | Normal | | details | | Saliva | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Male | Normal | | details | | Saliva | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Male | Normal | | details | | Saliva | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Male | Normal | | details | | Saliva | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Male | Normal | | details | | Saliva | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Male | Normal | | details | | Urine | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details |
|
|---|
| Abnormal Concentrations |
|---|
| |
| Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Colorectal Cancer | | details | | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Colorectal cancer | | details | | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Colorectal cancer | | details |
|
|---|
| Associated Disorders and Diseases |
|---|
| Disease References | | Colorectal cancer |
|---|
- Brown DG, Rao S, Weir TL, O'Malia J, Bazan M, Brown RJ, Ryan EP: Metabolomics and metabolic pathway networks from human colorectal cancers, adjacent mucosa, and stool. Cancer Metab. 2016 Jun 6;4:11. doi: 10.1186/s40170-016-0151-y. eCollection 2016. [PubMed:27275383 ]
- Sinha R, Ahn J, Sampson JN, Shi J, Yu G, Xiong X, Hayes RB, Goedert JJ: Fecal Microbiota, Fecal Metabolome, and Colorectal Cancer Interrelations. PLoS One. 2016 Mar 25;11(3):e0152126. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152126. eCollection 2016. [PubMed:27015276 ]
- Goedert JJ, Sampson JN, Moore SC, Xiao Q, Xiong X, Hayes RB, Ahn J, Shi J, Sinha R: Fecal metabolomics: assay performance and association with colorectal cancer. Carcinogenesis. 2014 Sep;35(9):2089-96. doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgu131. Epub 2014 Jul 18. [PubMed:25037050 ]
|
|
|---|
| Associated OMIM IDs | |
|---|
| External Links |
|---|
| DrugBank ID | Not Available |
|---|
| Phenol Explorer Compound ID | Not Available |
|---|
| FooDB ID | FDB022084 |
|---|
| KNApSAcK ID | Not Available |
|---|
| Chemspider ID | 67404 |
|---|
| KEGG Compound ID | C03519 |
|---|
| BioCyc ID | CPD-439 |
|---|
| BiGG ID | Not Available |
|---|
| Wikipedia Link | Not Available |
|---|
| METLIN ID | 5498 |
|---|
| PubChem Compound | 74839 |
|---|
| PDB ID | Not Available |
|---|
| ChEBI ID | 16259 |
|---|
| Food Biomarker Ontology | Not Available |
|---|
| VMH ID | Not Available |
|---|
| MarkerDB ID | Not Available |
|---|
| Good Scents ID | rw1265531 |
|---|
| References |
|---|
| Synthesis Reference | Borovicka, Milos; Cervinka, Otakar; Gajewski, Karel; Lukac, Juraj. Isolation of optically pure N-acetyl-L-phenylalanine after enantioselective hydrogenation of N-acetamidocinnamic acid. Czech. (1985), 2 pp. |
|---|
| Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) | Download (PDF) |
|---|
| General References | - Sass JO, Mohr V, Olbrich H, Engelke U, Horvath J, Fliegauf M, Loges NT, Schweitzer-Krantz S, Moebus R, Weiler P, Kispert A, Superti-Furga A, Wevers RA, Omran H: Mutations in ACY1, the gene encoding aminoacylase 1, cause a novel inborn error of metabolism. Am J Hum Genet. 2006 Mar;78(3):401-9. Epub 2006 Jan 18. [PubMed:16465618 ]
- Kucerova Z, Ticha M: Aromatic amino acids and their derivatives as ligands for the isolation of aspartic proteinases. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2002 Apr 25;770(1-2):121-8. [PubMed:12013218 ]
- Mach H, Middaugh CR, Lewis RV: Detection of proteins and phenol in DNA samples with second-derivative absorption spectroscopy. Anal Biochem. 1992 Jan;200(1):20-6. [PubMed:1375815 ]
- Okajima K, Inoue M, Morino Y: Studies on the mechanism for renal elimination of N-acetylphenylalanine: its pathophysiologic significance in phenylketonuria. J Lab Clin Med. 1985 Jan;105(1):132-8. [PubMed:4038506 ]
- Jellum E, Horn L, Thoresen O, Kvittingen EA, Stokke O: Urinary excretion of N-acetyl amino acids in patients with some inborn errors of amino acid metabolism. Scand J Clin Lab Invest Suppl. 1986;184:21-6. [PubMed:3473611 ]
- Tanaka H, Sirich TL, Plummer NS, Weaver DS, Meyer TW: An Enlarged Profile of Uremic Solutes. PLoS One. 2015 Aug 28;10(8):e0135657. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135657. eCollection 2015. [PubMed:26317986 ]
- Van Damme P, Hole K, Pimenta-Marques A, Helsens K, Vandekerckhove J, Martinho RG, Gevaert K, Arnesen T: NatF contributes to an evolutionary shift in protein N-terminal acetylation and is important for normal chromosome segregation. PLoS Genet. 2011 Jul;7(7):e1002169. doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1002169. Epub 2011 Jul 7. [PubMed:21750686 ]
- Ree R, Varland S, Arnesen T: Spotlight on protein N-terminal acetylation. Exp Mol Med. 2018 Jul 27;50(7):1-13. doi: 10.1038/s12276-018-0116-z. [PubMed:30054468 ]
- Toyohara T, Akiyama Y, Suzuki T, Takeuchi Y, Mishima E, Tanemoto M, Momose A, Toki N, Sato H, Nakayama M, Hozawa A, Tsuji I, Ito S, Soga T, Abe T: Metabolomic profiling of uremic solutes in CKD patients. Hypertens Res. 2010 Sep;33(9):944-52. doi: 10.1038/hr.2010.113. Epub 2010 Jul 8. [PubMed:20613759 ]
- Vanholder R, Baurmeister U, Brunet P, Cohen G, Glorieux G, Jankowski J: A bench to bedside view of uremic toxins. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2008 May;19(5):863-70. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2007121377. Epub 2008 Feb 20. [PubMed:18287557 ]
|
|---|