Record Information |
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Version | 5.0 |
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Status | Detected and Quantified |
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Creation Date | 2005-11-16 15:48:42 UTC |
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Update Date | 2021-09-14 15:00:08 UTC |
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HMDB ID | HMDB0000525 |
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Secondary Accession Numbers | |
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Metabolite Identification |
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Common Name | 5-Hydroxyhexanoic acid |
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Description | 5-Hydroxyhexanoic acid is a normal dicarboxylic acid degradation product of fatty acids; however, it has been found in patients with non-ketotic dicarboxylic aciduria and one patient on a diet containing excessive amounts of medium-chain triglycerides. Increased amounts of dicarboxylic acids are excreted in human urine under conditions of medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) feeding, abnormal fatty acid oxidation (FAO) and fasting. Criteria to distinguish dicarboxylic aciduria originating from MCT feeding and other conditions are needed in urinary organic acid profiling for detecting inborn errors of metabolism. Medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) are absorbed and metabolized differently from long-chain triglycerides (LCTs). MCTs may be useful as a dietary substitute in a variety of clinical disorders. Urinary excretion of 5-hydroxyhexanoic acid, the (omega-1) hydroxylation product, was increased during MCT feeding as compared with LCT feeding in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (PMID: 6897376 , 2239769 , 8596483 ). Moreover, 5-hydroxyhexanoic acid is also found to be associated with Medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MCADD), which is also an inborn error of metabolism. 5-Hydroxyhexanoic acid has be found to be a microbial metabolite (PMID: 20615997 ). |
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Structure | InChI=1S/C6H12O3/c1-5(7)3-2-4-6(8)9/h5,7H,2-4H2,1H3,(H,8,9) |
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Synonyms | Value | Source |
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5-Hydroxy caproic acid | ChEBI | 5-Hydroxy-hexanoic acid | ChEBI | 5-Hydroxycaproic acid | ChEBI | 5-OH-Caproic acid | ChEBI | 5-Hydroxy caproate | Generator | 5-Hydroxy-hexanoate | Generator | 5-Hydroxycaproate | Generator | 5-OH-Caproate | Generator | 5-Hydroxyhexanoate | Generator | 5-Hydroxyhexanoic acid | MeSH |
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Chemical Formula | C6H12O3 |
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Average Molecular Weight | 132.1577 |
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Monoisotopic Molecular Weight | 132.07864425 |
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IUPAC Name | 5-hydroxyhexanoic acid |
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Traditional Name | 5-hydroxyhexanoic acid |
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CAS Registry Number | 44843-89-2 |
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SMILES | CC(O)CCCC(O)=O |
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InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C6H12O3/c1-5(7)3-2-4-6(8)9/h5,7H,2-4H2,1H3,(H,8,9) |
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InChI Key | YDCRNMJQROAWFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
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Chemical Taxonomy |
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Description | Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as medium-chain fatty acids. These are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 4 and 12 carbon atoms. |
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Kingdom | Organic compounds |
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Super Class | Lipids and lipid-like molecules |
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Class | Fatty Acyls |
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Sub Class | Fatty acids and conjugates |
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Direct Parent | Medium-chain fatty acids |
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Alternative Parents | |
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Substituents | - Medium-chain fatty acid
- Hydroxy fatty acid
- Secondary alcohol
- Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
- Carboxylic acid
- Carboxylic acid derivative
- Organic oxygen compound
- Organic oxide
- Hydrocarbon derivative
- Organooxygen compound
- Carbonyl group
- Alcohol
- Aliphatic acyclic compound
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Molecular Framework | Aliphatic acyclic compounds |
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External Descriptors | |
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Ontology |
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Not Available | Not Available |
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Physical Properties |
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State | Solid |
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Experimental Molecular Properties | Property | Value | Reference |
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Melting Point | Not Available | Not Available | Boiling Point | Not Available | Not Available | Water Solubility | Not Available | Not Available | LogP | Not Available | Not Available |
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Experimental Chromatographic Properties | Experimental Collision Cross Sections |
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Predicted Molecular Properties | |
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Predicted Chromatographic Properties | Predicted Collision Cross SectionsPredicted Kovats Retention IndicesUnderivatizedDerivatizedDerivative Name / Structure | SMILES | Kovats RI Value | Column Type | Reference |
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5-Hydroxyhexanoic acid,1TMS,isomer #1 | CC(CCCC(=O)O)O[Si](C)(C)C | 1315.6 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | 5-Hydroxyhexanoic acid,1TMS,isomer #2 | CC(O)CCCC(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C | 1260.1 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | 5-Hydroxyhexanoic acid,2TMS,isomer #1 | CC(CCCC(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C | 1365.1 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | 5-Hydroxyhexanoic acid,1TBDMS,isomer #1 | CC(CCCC(=O)O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C | 1552.0 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | 5-Hydroxyhexanoic acid,1TBDMS,isomer #2 | CC(O)CCCC(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C | 1478.5 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | 5-Hydroxyhexanoic acid,2TBDMS,isomer #1 | CC(CCCC(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C | 1805.3 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 |
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Spectra |
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| GC-MS SpectraSpectrum Type | Description | Splash Key | Deposition Date | Source | View |
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Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 5-Hydroxyhexanoic acid GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive | splash10-0077-9100000000-13a584fc9ff05431f359 | 2017-09-01 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 5-Hydroxyhexanoic acid GC-MS (2 TMS) - 70eV, Positive | splash10-007c-9420000000-7b0146069089183f6082 | 2017-10-06 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 5-Hydroxyhexanoic acid GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | 2021-10-12 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 5-Hydroxyhexanoic acid GC-MS (TMS_1_1) - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | 2021-11-05 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 5-Hydroxyhexanoic acid GC-MS (TMS_1_2) - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | 2021-11-05 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 5-Hydroxyhexanoic acid GC-MS (TBDMS_1_1) - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | 2021-11-05 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 5-Hydroxyhexanoic acid GC-MS (TBDMS_1_2) - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | 2021-11-05 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 5-Hydroxyhexanoic acid GC-MS (TBDMS_2_1) - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | 2021-11-05 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum |
MS/MS SpectraSpectrum Type | Description | Splash Key | Deposition Date | Source | View |
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Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 5-Hydroxyhexanoic acid 10V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-014j-6900000000-d6721c752b62f7410232 | 2016-06-03 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 5-Hydroxyhexanoic acid 20V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-014i-9300000000-74040f00b17b4041c299 | 2016-06-03 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 5-Hydroxyhexanoic acid 40V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-066r-9000000000-6f7de79a29b2b4c5a8ec | 2016-06-03 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 5-Hydroxyhexanoic acid 10V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-001i-2900000000-7460b1bb2fffef236fde | 2016-08-03 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 5-Hydroxyhexanoic acid 20V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-01qi-8900000000-b62d68d9bf86cee6fa5a | 2016-08-03 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 5-Hydroxyhexanoic acid 40V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-0a4l-9000000000-ca5de42d9cc939f4610b | 2016-08-03 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 5-Hydroxyhexanoic acid 10V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-014j-9400000000-744ecd7d7e40b1357594 | 2021-09-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 5-Hydroxyhexanoic acid 20V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-05tk-9000000000-086484b097d1ba55d5d0 | 2021-09-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 5-Hydroxyhexanoic acid 40V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-052f-9000000000-db58a877cf5945d523f9 | 2021-09-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 5-Hydroxyhexanoic acid 10V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-03ei-3900000000-49a5b195fc6d1869f127 | 2021-09-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 5-Hydroxyhexanoic acid 20V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-0bta-9400000000-9da83e480e59bbc1ade7 | 2021-09-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 5-Hydroxyhexanoic acid 40V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-052g-9000000000-e9748f05fe518d153135 | 2021-09-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum |
NMR SpectraSpectrum Type | Description | Deposition Date | Source | View |
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Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-16 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-16 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-16 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-16 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-16 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-16 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-16 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-16 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-16 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-16 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-16 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-16 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-16 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-16 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-16 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-16 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-16 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-16 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-16 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-16 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum |
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Biological Properties |
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Cellular Locations | |
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Biospecimen Locations | |
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Tissue Locations | Not Available |
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Pathways | |
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Normal Concentrations |
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Blood | Expected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Not Available | Not Available | Normal | | details | Blood | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Not Specified | Not Specified | Normal | | details | Urine | Detected and Quantified | 1.1-2.9 umol/mmol creatinine | Adult (>18 years old) | Female | Normal | | details | Urine | Detected and Quantified | 0.7 (0.1-1.2) umol/mmol creatinine | Adolescent (13-18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | Urine | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | Urine | Detected and Quantified | 2.7 (0.8-5.7) umol/mmol creatinine | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | Urine | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | Urine | Detected and Quantified | 0.86-1.8 umol/mmol creatinine | Adult (>18 years old) | Male | Normal | | details | Urine | Detected and Quantified | 2.0 (0.1-11.2) umol/mmol creatinine | Newborn (0-30 days old) | Both | Normal | | details | Urine | Detected and Quantified | 4.0 (0.1-6.5) umol/mmol creatinine | Infant (0-1 year old) | Both | Normal | | details | Urine | Detected and Quantified | 1.0 (0.1-1.6) umol/mmol creatinine | Children (1-13 years old) | Both | Normal | | details |
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Abnormal Concentrations |
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Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Colorectal cancer | | details | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Colorectal Cancer | | details | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Colorectal cancer | | details | Urine | Detected and Quantified | 15-700 umol/mmol creatinine | Children (1 - 13 years old) | Both | Medium Chain Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency | | details | Urine | Detected and Quantified | 47.146-384.404 umol/mmol creatinine | Children (1-13 years old) | Not Specified | Medium Chain Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency | | details | Urine | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Bladder cancer | | details | Urine | Detected and Quantified | 3.5 (0.0-7.0) umol/mmol creatinine | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Medium Chain Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency | | details |
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Associated Disorders and Diseases |
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Disease References | Colorectal cancer |
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- Brown DG, Rao S, Weir TL, O'Malia J, Bazan M, Brown RJ, Ryan EP: Metabolomics and metabolic pathway networks from human colorectal cancers, adjacent mucosa, and stool. Cancer Metab. 2016 Jun 6;4:11. doi: 10.1186/s40170-016-0151-y. eCollection 2016. [PubMed:27275383 ]
- Sinha R, Ahn J, Sampson JN, Shi J, Yu G, Xiong X, Hayes RB, Goedert JJ: Fecal Microbiota, Fecal Metabolome, and Colorectal Cancer Interrelations. PLoS One. 2016 Mar 25;11(3):e0152126. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152126. eCollection 2016. [PubMed:27015276 ]
- Goedert JJ, Sampson JN, Moore SC, Xiao Q, Xiong X, Hayes RB, Ahn J, Shi J, Sinha R: Fecal metabolomics: assay performance and association with colorectal cancer. Carcinogenesis. 2014 Sep;35(9):2089-96. doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgu131. Epub 2014 Jul 18. [PubMed:25037050 ]
| Medium Chain Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency |
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- Gregersen N, Kolvraa S, Rasmussen K, Mortensen PB, Divry P, David M, Hobolth N: General (medium-chain) acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (non-ketotic dicarboxylic aciduria): quantitative urinary excretion pattern of 23 biologically significant organic acids in three cases. Clin Chim Acta. 1983 Aug 15;132(2):181-91. [PubMed:6616873 ]
- Duran M, De Klerk JB, Wadman SK, Bruinvis L, Ketting D: The differential diagnosis of dicarboxylic aciduria. J Inherit Metab Dis. 1984;7 Suppl 1:48-51. [PubMed:6434845 ]
- G.Frauendienst-Egger, Friedrich K. Trefz (2017). MetaGene: Metabolic & Genetic Information Center (MIC: http://www.metagene.de). METAGENE consortium.
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Associated OMIM IDs | - 114500 (Colorectal cancer)
- 201450 (Medium Chain Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency)
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External Links |
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DrugBank ID | Not Available |
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Phenol Explorer Compound ID | Not Available |
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FooDB ID | FDB022093 |
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KNApSAcK ID | C00052163 |
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Chemspider ID | 149280 |
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KEGG Compound ID | Not Available |
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BioCyc ID | Not Available |
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BiGG ID | Not Available |
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Wikipedia Link | Not Available |
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METLIN ID | 5510 |
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PubChem Compound | 170748 |
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PDB ID | Not Available |
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ChEBI ID | 131434 |
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Food Biomarker Ontology | Not Available |
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VMH ID | Not Available |
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MarkerDB ID | MDB00029984 |
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Good Scents ID | Not Available |
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References |
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Synthesis Reference | Valentin, H. E.; Schoenebaum, A.; Steinbuechel, A. Identification of 5-hydroxyhexanoic acid, 4-hydroxyheptanoic acid and 4-hydroxyoctanoic acid as new constituents of bacterial polyhydroxyalkanoic acids. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology (1996), 46(3), 261-267. |
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Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) | Not Available |
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General References | - Boulat O, Gradwohl M, Matos V, Guignard JP, Bachmann C: Organic acids in the second morning urine in a healthy Swiss paediatric population. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2003 Dec;41(12):1642-58. [PubMed:14708889 ]
- Guneral F, Bachmann C: Age-related reference values for urinary organic acids in a healthy Turkish pediatric population. Clin Chem. 1994 Jun;40(6):862-6. [PubMed:8087979 ]
- Kamerling JP, Duran M, Bruinvis L, Ketting D, Wadman SK, Vliegenthart JF: The absolute configuration of urinary 5-hydroxyhexanoic acid - a product of fatty acid (omega-1)-oxidation - in patients with non-ketotic dicarboxylic aciduria. Clin Chim Acta. 1982 Nov 10;125(3):247-54. [PubMed:6897376 ]
- Niwa T, Meada K, Ohki T, Saito A, Tsuchida I: Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric profile of organic acids in urine and serum of diabetic ketotic patients. J Chromatogr. 1981 Sep 11;225(1):1-8. [PubMed:6795215 ]
- Loftus NJ, Laird WJ, Steel GT, Wilks MF, Woollen BH: Metabolism and pharmacokinetics of deuterium-labelled di-2-(ethylhexyl) adipate (DEHA) in humans. Food Chem Toxicol. 1993 Sep;31(9):609-14. [PubMed:8406236 ]
- Brass EP, Tserng KY, Eckel RH: Urinary organic acid excretion during feeding of medium-chain or long-chain triglyceride diets in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Am J Clin Nutr. 1990 Nov;52(5):923-6. [PubMed:2239769 ]
- Tserng KY, Griffin RL, Kerr DS: Distinction of dicarboxylic aciduria due to medium-chain triglyceride feeding from that due to abnormal fatty acid oxidation and fasting in children. Metabolism. 1996 Feb;45(2):162-7. [PubMed:8596483 ]
- van Duynhoven J, Vaughan EE, Jacobs DM, Kemperman RA, van Velzen EJ, Gross G, Roger LC, Possemiers S, Smilde AK, Dore J, Westerhuis JA, Van de Wiele T: Metabolic fate of polyphenols in the human superorganism. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011 Mar 15;108 Suppl 1:4531-8. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1000098107. Epub 2010 Jun 25. [PubMed:20615997 ]
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