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Record Information
Version5.0
StatusDetected and Quantified
Creation Date2014-09-22 19:36:58 UTC
Update Date2021-09-14 15:44:45 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0061755
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB61755
Metabolite Identification
Common NameIndican
DescriptionIndican is a colourless, water-soluble organic compound consisting of an indole ring conjugated to glucose. It is an indole glycoside. Its hydrolysis yields β-D-glucose and indoxyl. Indoles are compounds which consist of a pyrrole ring fused to benzene to form 2,3-benzopyrrole. The oxidation of indican by a mild oxidizing agent, e.g. atmospheric oxygen or CYP450 enzymes, yields indigo dye which is blue in colour. Indican is a substance occurring naturally in the urine of humans and mammals and also in blood plasma as a normal metabolite of tryptophan. Tryptophan is first converted to indole by gut bacteria. Following absorption from the gut, indole is converted to 3-hydroxyindole (indoxyl or indican) in the liver, where it is again then conjugated with sulfuric acid or glucoronic acid through normal xenobiotic metabolism pathways. It is then transported to the kidneys for excretion. In individuals affected by the blue diaper syndrome (a rare, autosomal recessive metabolic disorder characterized in infants by bluish urine-stained diapers), the patients exhibit a defect in tryptophan metabolism, leading to an increase in indican synthesis. Indican is then excreted into the urine and from there into the diaper where, upon exposure to air, it is converted to indigo blue dye due to oxidation by atmospheric oxygen. An increased urinary excretion of indican is seen in Hartnup disease from the bacterial degradation of unabsorbed tryptophan (PMID: 19967017 ). Hartnup disease is an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder affecting the absorption of nonpolar amino acids (particularly tryptophan), which leads to excessive bacterial fermentation of tryptophan (to indole) in the gut. Indican has also been identified as a uremic toxin according to the European Uremic Toxin Working Group (PMID: 22626821 ). Its excretion is decreased by the presence of Lactobacillus bacteria in the gut (PMID: 6785555 ).
Structure
Data?1563866228
Synonyms
ValueSource
Indican, plantChEBI
1H-indol-3-yl beta-GlucopyranosideHMDB
1H-indol-3-yl Β-D-glucopyranosideHMDB
Indoxyl-β-D-glucosideHMDB
1H-indol-3-yl beta-D-GlucopyranosideHMDB
Indoxyl-beta-D-glucosideHMDB
3-(Glucosyloxy)indoleHMDB
UroxanthinHMDB
Chemical FormulaC14H17NO6
Average Molecular Weight295.291
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight295.105587271
IUPAC Name(2R,3S,4S,5R)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-(1H-indol-3-yloxy)oxane-3,4,5-triol
Traditional Name(2R,3S,4S,5R)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-(1H-indol-3-yloxy)oxane-3,4,5-triol
CAS Registry Number487-60-5
SMILES
OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](OC2=CNC3=C2C=CC=C3)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C14H17NO6/c16-6-10-11(17)12(18)13(19)14(21-10)20-9-5-15-8-4-2-1-3-7(8)9/h1-5,10-19H,6H2/t10-,11-,12+,13-,14-/m1/s1
InChI KeyXVARCVCWNFACQC-RKQHYHRCSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as o-glycosyl compounds. These are glycoside in which a sugar group is bonded through one carbon to another group via a O-glycosidic bond.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganic oxygen compounds
ClassOrganooxygen compounds
Sub ClassCarbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates
Direct ParentO-glycosyl compounds
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Hexose monosaccharide
  • O-glycosyl compound
  • Indole
  • Indole or derivatives
  • Monosaccharide
  • Oxane
  • Benzenoid
  • Substituted pyrrole
  • Heteroaromatic compound
  • Pyrrole
  • Secondary alcohol
  • Acetal
  • Oxacycle
  • Azacycle
  • Organoheterocyclic compound
  • Polyol
  • Alcohol
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Primary alcohol
  • Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAromatic heteropolycyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
Physiological effectNot Available
Disposition
Process
RoleNot Available
Physical Properties
StateNot Available
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting PointNot AvailableNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water SolubilityNot AvailableNot Available
LogPNot AvailableNot Available
Experimental Chromatographic PropertiesNot Available
Predicted Molecular Properties
Predicted Chromatographic Properties
Spectra
Biological Properties
Cellular LocationsNot Available
Biospecimen Locations
  • Blood
Tissue LocationsNot Available
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodDetected and Quantified39.79 +/- 1.59 uMAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
Abnormal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodDetected and Quantified92.51 +/- 45.07 uMAdult (>18 years old)Bothuremia details
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease ReferencesNone
Associated OMIM IDsNone
DrugBank IDNot Available
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDNot Available
KNApSAcK IDC00001541
Chemspider ID390239
KEGG Compound IDNot Available
BioCyc IDNot Available
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkIndican
METLIN IDNot Available
PubChem Compound441564
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID16700
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDNot Available
MarkerDB IDNot Available
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
General References
  1. Duranton F, Cohen G, De Smet R, Rodriguez M, Jankowski J, Vanholder R, Argiles A: Normal and pathologic concentrations of uremic toxins. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2012 Jul;23(7):1258-70. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2011121175. Epub 2012 May 24. [PubMed:22626821 ]
  2. Mayer PJ, Beeken WL: The role of urinary indican as a predictor of bacterial colonization in the human jejunum. Am J Dig Dis. 1975 Nov;20(11):1003-9. [PubMed:1199990 ]
  3. Tohyama K, Kobayashi Y, Kan T, Yazawa K, Terashima T, Mutai M: Effect of lactobacilli on urinary indican excretion in gnotobiotic rats and in man. Microbiol Immunol. 1981;25(2):101-12. [PubMed:6785555 ]
  4. Patel AB, Prabhu AS: Hartnup disease. Indian J Dermatol. 2008 Jan;53(1):31-2. doi: 10.4103/0019-5154.39740. [PubMed:19967017 ]