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Record Information
Version5.0
StatusDetected and Quantified
Creation Date2016-10-26 17:25:15 UTC
Update Date2022-09-22 18:35:12 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0062179
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB62179
Metabolite Identification
Common NameAICA-riboside
DescriptionAICA-riboside, also known as acadesine or AICAR, is an AMP-activated protein kinase activator which is used for the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia and may have applications in treating other disorders such as diabetes. AICA-riboside is an adenosine regulating agent developed by PeriCor Therapeutics and licensed to Schering-Plough in 2007 for phase III studies. The drug is a potential first-in-class agent for prevention of reperfusion injury in CABG surgery. Schering began patient enrollment in phase III studies in May, 2009. The trial was terminated in late 2010 based on an interim futility analysis (Wikipedia ). AICA-riboside is a minor constituent found in human milk (PMID: 7702711 ).
Structure
Thumb
Synonyms
Chemical FormulaC9H14N4O5
Average Molecular Weight258.2313
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight258.096419578
IUPAC Name5-amino-1-[(2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]-1H-imidazole-4-carboxamide
Traditional Nameacadesine
CAS Registry Number2627-69-2
SMILES
NC(=O)C1=C(N)N(C=N1)[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C9H14N4O5/c10-7-4(8(11)17)12-2-13(7)9-6(16)5(15)3(1-14)18-9/h2-3,5-6,9,14-16H,1,10H2,(H2,11,17)/t3-,5-,6-,9-/m1/s1
InChI KeyRTRQQBHATOEIAF-UUOKFMHZSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as imidazole ribonucleosides and ribonucleotides. These are organic compounds in which the C-1 of a ribosyl moiety is N-linked to an imidazole ring. Nucleotides have a phosphate group linked to the C5 carbon of the ribose (or deoxyribose) moiety. This class does not contain benzimidazole nucleosides and nucleotides.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassNucleosides, nucleotides, and analogues
ClassImidazole ribonucleosides and ribonucleotides
Sub ClassNot Available
Direct ParentImidazole ribonucleosides and ribonucleotides
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Imidazole ribonucleoside
  • Glycosyl compound
  • N-glycosyl compound
  • Pentose monosaccharide
  • Aminoimidazole
  • Monosaccharide
  • N-substituted imidazole
  • Azole
  • Heteroaromatic compound
  • Imidazole
  • Tetrahydrofuran
  • Secondary alcohol
  • Carboximidic acid
  • Carboximidic acid derivative
  • Oxacycle
  • Azacycle
  • Organoheterocyclic compound
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Amine
  • Alcohol
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Primary amine
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Primary alcohol
  • Aromatic heteromonocyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAromatic heteromonocyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
Physiological effectNot Available
Disposition
ProcessNot Available
RoleNot Available
Physical Properties
StateNot Available
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting PointNot AvailableNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water SolubilityNot AvailableNot Available
LogPNot AvailableNot Available
Experimental Chromatographic PropertiesNot Available
Predicted Molecular Properties
Predicted Chromatographic Properties
Spectra
Biological Properties
Cellular LocationsNot Available
Biospecimen Locations
  • Blood
  • Breast Milk
  • Urine
Tissue LocationsNot Available
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
Breast MilkDetected and Quantified1.34 +/- 1.66 uMAdult (>18 years old)FemaleNormal details
UrineDetected and Quantified0.026 +/- 0.011 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
Abnormal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)BothAsthma details
UrineDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedInfant (0-1 year old)FemaleATIC deficiency
    • Inborn Metabolic ...
details
UrineDetected and Quantified0.025 +/- 0.015 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)BothLymphosarcomatosis details
UrineDetected and Quantified0.025 +/- 0.015 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)BothRefractory anemia details
UrineDetected and Quantified0.025 +/- 0.015 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)BothNon-Hodgkin's lymphoma details
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease References
ATIC deficiency
  1. (). Inborn Metabolic Diseases: Diagnosis and Treatment. Edited by John Fernandes, Jean-Marie Saudubray, Georges van den Berghe, John H. Walter. .
Lymphosarcomatosis
  1. Hornik P, Vyskocilova P, Friedecky D, Adam T: Diagnosing AICA-ribosiduria by capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2006 Oct 20;843(1):15-9. Epub 2006 Jun 23. [PubMed:16798121 ]
Refractory anemia
  1. Hornik P, Vyskocilova P, Friedecky D, Adam T: Diagnosing AICA-ribosiduria by capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2006 Oct 20;843(1):15-9. Epub 2006 Jun 23. [PubMed:16798121 ]
Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
  1. Hornik P, Vyskocilova P, Friedecky D, Adam T: Diagnosing AICA-ribosiduria by capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2006 Oct 20;843(1):15-9. Epub 2006 Jun 23. [PubMed:16798121 ]
Associated OMIM IDs
DrugBank IDDB04944
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDNot Available
KNApSAcK IDNot Available
Chemspider IDNot Available
KEGG Compound IDNot Available
BioCyc IDNot Available
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkAcadesine
METLIN IDNot Available
PubChem Compound17513
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID28498
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDNot Available
MarkerDB IDNot Available
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
General References
  1. Marie S, Heron B, Bitoun P, Timmerman T, Van Den Berghe G, Vincent MF: AICA-ribosiduria: a novel, neurologically devastating inborn error of purine biosynthesis caused by mutation of ATIC. Am J Hum Genet. 2004 Jun;74(6):1276-81. Epub 2004 Apr 26. [PubMed:15114530 ]
  2. Schlimme E, Schneehagen K: Ribonucleosides in human milk. Concentration profiles of these minor constituents as a function of the nursing time. Z Naturforsch C. 1995 Jan-Feb;50(1-2):105-13. [PubMed:7702711 ]
  3. Mullane K: Acadesine: the prototype adenosine regulating agent for reducing myocardial ischaemic injury. Cardiovasc Res. 1993 Jan;27(1):43-7. [PubMed:8458030 ]
  4. Gruber HE: Acadesine: preclinical overview. Adv Exp Med Biol. 1994;370:423-6. [PubMed:7660942 ]
  5. Engler RL: Harnessing nature's own cardiac defense mechanism with acadesine, an adenosine regulating agent: importance of the endothelium. J Card Surg. 1994 May;9(3 Suppl):482-92. [PubMed:8069041 ]
  6. Melton SM, Moomey CB Jr, Ragsdale DN, Trenthem LL, Croce MA, Fabian TC, Proctor KG: Acadesine during fluid resuscitation from shock and abdominal sepsis. Crit Care Med. 1999 Mar;27(3):565-75. [PubMed:10199538 ]
  7. Guigas B, Sakamoto K, Taleux N, Reyna SM, Musi N, Viollet B, Hue L: Beyond AICA riboside: in search of new specific AMP-activated protein kinase activators. IUBMB Life. 2009 Jan;61(1):18-26. doi: 10.1002/iub.135. [PubMed:18798311 ]
  8. Drew BG, Kingwell BA: Acadesine, an adenosine-regulating agent with the potential for widespread indications. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2008 Aug;9(12):2137-44. doi: 10.1517/14656566.9.12.2137 . [PubMed:18671468 ]
  9. Van Den Neste E, Van den Berghe G, Bontemps F: AICA-riboside (acadesine), an activator of AMP-activated protein kinase with potential for application in hematologic malignancies. Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2010 Apr;19(4):571-8. doi: 10.1517/13543781003703694. [PubMed:20367195 ]