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Human Metabolome Database Version 2.5

 

Showing metabocard for Lithocholic acid glycine conjugate (HMDB00698)

Legend: metabolite field enzyme field

Version 2.5
Creation Date 2005-11-16 15:48:42
Update Date 2010-07-13 12:15:12
Accession Number HMDB00698
Secondary Accession Numbers HMDB02474
Common Name Lithocholic acid glycine conjugate
Description Lithocholic acid glycine conjugate is an acyl glycine and a bile acid-glycine conjugate. is an acyl glycine and a bile acid-glycine conjugate. It is a secondary bile acid produced by the action of enzymes existing in the microbial flora of the colonic environment. In hepatocytes, both primary and secondary bile acids undergo amino acid conjugation at the C-24 carboxylic acid on the side chain, and almost all bile acids in the bile duct therefore exist in a glycine conjugated form (PMID:16949895). Bile acids are steroid acids found predominantly in bile of mammals. The distinction between different bile acids is minute, depends only on presence or absence of hydroxyl groups on positions 3, 7, and 12. Bile acids are physiological detergents that facilitate excretion, absorption, and transport of fats and sterols in the intestine and liver. Bile acids are also steroidal amphipathic molecules derived from the catabolism of cholesterol. They modulate bile flow and lipid secretion, are essential for the absorption of dietary fats and vitamins, and have been implicated in the regulation of all the key enzymes involved in cholesterol homeostasis. Bile acids recirculate through the liver, bile ducts, small intestine and portal vein to form an enterohepatic circuit. They exist as anions at physiological pH and, consequently, require a carrier for transport across the membranes of the enterohepatic tissues. The unique detergent properties of bile acids are essential for the digestion and intestinal absorption of hydrophobic nutrients. Bile acids have potent toxic properties (e.g., membrane disruption) and there are a plethora of mechanisms to limit their accumulation in blood and tissues. (PMID: 11316487, 16037564, 12576301, 11907135)
Synonyms
  1. 3a-Hydroxy-5b-cholanic acid glycine ester
  2. 3a-Hydroxy-5b-cholanoylglycine
  3. 3a-Hydroxy-N-(carboxymethyl)-5b-cholan-24-amide
  4. Glycolithocholic acid
  5. Lithocholic acid glycine conjugate
  6. Lithocholic acid glycine conjugic acid
  7. Lithocholylglycine
  8. N-(3a-Hydroxy-5b-cholanoyl)glycine
  9. N-(3a-hydroxy-5b-cholan-24-oyl)-Glycine
  10. N-(carboxymethyl)-3a-hydroxy-5b-Cholan-24-amide
  11. glycolithocholate
  12. lithocholoyglycine
  13. 3alpha-hydroxy-5beta-cholan-24-oic acid N-(carboxymethyl)amide
  14. 3alpha-hydroxy-5beta-cholan-24-oate
  15. 3alpha-hydroxy-5beta-cholan-24-oic acid
Chemical IUPAC Name N-[(3a,5b)-3-hydroxy-24-oxocholan-24-yl]-(9CI) Glycine
Chemical Formula C26H43NO4
Chemical Structure Structure
Chemical Taxonomy
Kingdom
  • Organic
Super Class
  • Amino acids and Amino Acid conjugates
Class
  • Bile Acids
  • Acyl Glycines
Sub Class
  • Bile-acid glycine conjugates
Family
  • Mammalian Metabolite
Species
  • secondary alcohol
  • carboxylic acid
  • secondary carboxylic acid amide
Biofunction
—
Application
—
Source
  • Endogenous
Average Molecular Weight 433.624
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight 433.319214
Isomeric SMILES C[C@H](CCC(=O)NCC(O)=O)[C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@@H]3CC[C@@H]4C[C@H](O)CC[C@]4(C)[C@H]3CC[C@]12C
Canonical SMILES CC(CCC(=O)NCC(O)=O)C1CCC2C3CCC4CC(O)CCC4(C)C3CCC12C
KEGG Compound ID Not Available
BioCyc ID Not Available
BiGG ID Not Available
Wikipedia Link Not Available
NuGOwiki Link HMDB00698 Link Image
Metagene Link HMDB00698 Link Image
METLIN ID 5666 Link Image
PubChem Compound 115245 Link Image
PubChem Substance 692226 Link Image
ChEBI ID Not Available
CAS Registry Number 474-74-8
InChI Identifier InChI=1/C26H43NO4/c1-16(4-9-23(29)27-15-24(30)31)20-7-8-21-19-6-5-17-14-18(28)10-12-25(17,2)22(19)11-13-26(20,21)3/h16-22,28H,4-15H2,1-3H3,(H,27,29)(H,30,31)/t16-,17-,18-,19+,20-,21+,22+,25+,26-/m1/s1
Synthesis Reference Momose, Toshiaki; Tsubaki, Takayuki; Iida, Takashi; Nambara, Toshio. An improved synthesis of taurine- and glycine-conjugated bile acids. Lipids (1997), 32(7), 775-778.
Melting Point (Experimental) Not Available
Experimental Water Solubility Not Available Source: PhysProp
Predicted Water Solubility 1.53e-03 mg/mL [Predicted by ALOGPS] Calculated using ALOGPS
Physiological Charge -1
State Solid
Experimental LogP/Hydrophobicity Not Available Source: PhysProp
Predicted LogP/Hydrophobicity 3.71 [Predicted by ALOGPS]; 3.6 [Predicted by PubChem via XLOGP] Calculated using ALOGPS
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) Not Available
MOL File Show
SDF File Show
PDB File Show
2D Structure
3D Structure
Experimental PDB ID Not Available
Experimental 1H NMR Spectrum Not Available
Experimental 13C NMR Spectrum Not Available
Experimental 13C HSQC Spectrum Not Available
Predicted 1H NMR Spectrum Show Image
Show Peaklist
Predicted 13C NMR Spectrum Show Image
Show Peaklist
Mass Spectrum Not Available
Simplified TOCSY Spectrum Not Available
BMRB Spectrum Not Available
Cellular Location
  • Membrane (Predicted from LogP)
Biofluid Location
  • Bile
  • Blood
Tissue Location
Tissue References
Gall Bladder —
Intestine —
Kidney —
Liver —
Concentrations (Normal)
Biofluid Bile
Value 620 (590-650) uM
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex Both
Patient information Normal
Comments Not Available
References
  • Tadano T, Kanoh M, Matsumoto M, Sakamoto K, Kamano T: Studies of serum and feces bile acids determination by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Rinsho Byori. 2006 Feb;54(2):103-10. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid Blood
Value 0.009 (0.005-0.015) uM
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex N/A
Patient information Normal
Comments Not Available
References
  • Wang J, Joy T, Mymin D, Frohlich J, Hegele RA: Phenotypic heterogeneity of sitosterolemia. J Lipid Res. 2004 Dec;45(12):2361-7. Epub 2004 Sep 16. [PubMed Link Image]
  • Lee BL, New AL, Ong CN: Comparative analysis of conjugated bile acids in human serum using high-performance liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl. 1997 Dec 19;704(1-2):35-42. [PubMed Link Image]
  • Tadano T, Kanoh M, Matsumoto M, Sakamoto K, Kamano T: Studies of serum and feces bile acids determination by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Rinsho Byori. 2006 Feb;54(2):103-10. [PubMed Link Image]
Concentrations (Abnormal) Not Available
Associated Disorders Not Available
OMIM ID Not Available
Pathways
Name SMPDB Link KEGG Link
Bile Acid Biosynthesis SMP00035 Link Image map00120 Link Image
General References
  1. Cowen AE, Korman MG, Hofmann AF, Cass OW, Coffin SB: Metabolism of lithocholate in healthy man. II. Enterohepatic circulation. Gastroenterology. 1975 Jul;69(1):67-76. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Cowen AE, Korman MG, Hofmann AF, Cass OW: Metabolism of lethocholate in healthy man. I. Biotransformation and biliary excretion of intravenously administered lithocholate, lithocholylglycine, and their sulfates. Gastroenterology. 1975 Jul;69(1):59-66. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Lee BL, New AL, Ong CN: Comparative analysis of conjugated bile acids in human serum using high-performance liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl. 1997 Dec 19;704(1-2):35-42. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Cowen AE, Korman MG, Hofmann AF, Thomas PJ: Metabolism of lithocholate in healthy man. III. Plasma disappearance of radioactivity after intravenous injection of labeled lithocholate and its derivatives. Gastroenterology. 1975 Jul;69(1):77-82. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Tadano T, Kanoh M, Matsumoto M, Sakamoto K, Kamano T: Studies of serum and feces bile acids determination by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Rinsho Byori. 2006 Feb;54(2):103-10. [PubMed Link Image]
Metabolic Enzymes
  1. Glycine N-acyltransferase
  2. Glycine N-acyltransferase-like protein 1
  3. Glycine N-acyltransferase-like protein 2
  4. Glycine N-acyltransferase-like protein 3
Enzyme 1 [top]
Enzyme 1 ID 12971
Enzyme 1 Name Glycine N-acyltransferase
Enzyme 1 Synonyms
  1. Acyl-CoA:glycine N-acyltransferase
  2. AAc
  3. Aralkyl acyl-CoA N-acyltransferase
  4. Aralkyl acyl-CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase
  5. HRP-1(CLP)
Enzyme 1 Gene Name GLYAT
Enzyme 1 Protein Sequence >Glycine N-acyltransferase 
MMLPLQGAQMLQMLEKSLRKSLPASLKVYGTVFHINHGNPFNLKAVVDKWPDFNTVVVCP
QEQDMTDDLDHYTNTYQIYSKDPQNCQEFLGSPELINWKQHLQIQSSQPSLNEAIQNLAA
IKSFKVKQTQRILYMAAETAKELTPFLLKSKILSPSGGKPKAINQEMFKLSSMDVTHAHL
VNKFWHFGGNERSQRFIERCIQTFPTCCLLGPEGTPVCWDLMDQTGEMRMAGTLPEYRLH
GLVTYVIYSHAQKLGKLGFPVYSHVDYSNEAMQKMSYTLQHVPIPRSWNQWNCVPL
Enzyme 1 Number of Residues 296
Enzyme 1 Molecular Weight 33898
Enzyme 1 Theoretical pI 8.28
Enzyme 1 GO Classification Not Available
Enzyme 1 General Function Not Available
Enzyme 1 Specific Function Mitochondrial acyltransferase which transfers the acyl group to the N-terminus of glycine. Can conjugate a multitude of substrates to form a variety of N-acylglycines
Enzyme 1 Pathways Not Available
Enzyme 1 Reactions
  • Acyl-CoA + glycine = CoA + N-acylglycine
Enzyme 1 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 1 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 1 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 1 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 1 GenBank ID Protein 2554941 Link Image
Enzyme 1 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID Q6IB77 Link Image
Enzyme 1 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name GLYAT_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 1 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 1 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 1 Gene Sequence Not Available
Enzyme 1 GenBank Gene ID AF023466 Link Image
Enzyme 1 GeneCard ID Q6IB77 Link Image
Enzyme 1 GenAtlas ID GLYAT Link Image
Enzyme 1 HGNC ID HGNC:13734 Link Image
Enzyme 1 Chromosome Location Not Available
Enzyme 1 Locus Not Available
Enzyme 1 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 1 General References Not Available
Enzyme 1 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 2 [top]
Enzyme 2 ID 12972
Enzyme 2 Name Glycine N-acyltransferase-like protein 1
Enzyme 2 Synonyms
  1. Acyl-CoA:glycine N-acyltransferase-like protein 1
Enzyme 2 Gene Name GLYATL1
Enzyme 2 Protein Sequence >Glycine N-acyltransferase-like protein 1 
MILLNNSHKLLALYKSLARSIPESLKVYGSVYHINHGNPFNMEVLVDSWPEYQMVIIRPQ
KQEMTDDMDSYTNVYRMFSKEPQKSEEVLKNCEIVNWKQRLQIQGLQESLGEGIRVATFS
KSVKVEHSRALLLVTEDILKLNASSKSKLGSWAETGHPDDEFESETPNFKYAQLDVSYSG
LVNDNWKRGKNERSLHYIKRCIEDLPAACMLGPEGVPVSWVTMDPSCEVGMAYSMEKYRR
TGNMARVMVRYMKYLRQKNIPFYISVLEENEDSRRFVGQFGFFEASCEWHQWTCYPQNLV
PF
Enzyme 2 Number of Residues 302
Enzyme 2 Molecular Weight 35102
Enzyme 2 Theoretical pI 6.86
Enzyme 2 GO Classification Not Available
Enzyme 2 General Function Not Available
Enzyme 2 Specific Function Mitochondrial acyltransferase which transfers the acyl group to the N-terminus of glycine. Can conjugate a multitude of substrates to form a variety of N-acylglycines
Enzyme 2 Pathways Not Available
Enzyme 2 Reactions
  • Acyl-CoA + glycine = CoA + N-acylglycine
Enzyme 2 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 2 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 2 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 2 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 2 GenBank ID Protein 71384826 Link Image
Enzyme 2 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID Q969I3 Link Image
Enzyme 2 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name GLYL1_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 2 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 2 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 2 Gene Sequence Not Available
Enzyme 2 GenBank Gene ID DQ084381 Link Image
Enzyme 2 GeneCard ID Q969I3 Link Image
Enzyme 2 GenAtlas ID GLYATL1 Link Image
Enzyme 2 HGNC ID HGNC:30519 Link Image
Enzyme 2 Chromosome Location Not Available
Enzyme 2 Locus Not Available
Enzyme 2 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 2 General References Not Available
Enzyme 2 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 3 [top]
Enzyme 3 ID 12973
Enzyme 3 Name Glycine N-acyltransferase-like protein 2
Enzyme 3 Synonyms
  1. Acyl-CoA:glycine N-acyltransferase-like protein 2
Enzyme 3 Gene Name GLYATL2
Enzyme 3 Protein Sequence >Glycine N-acyltransferase-like protein 2 
MLVLHNSQKLQILYKSLEKSIPESIKVYGAIFNIKDKNPFNMEVLVDAWPDYQIVITRPQ
KQEMKDDQDHYTNTYHIFTKAPDKLEEVLSYSNVISWEQTLQIQGCQEGLDEAIRKVATS
KSVQVDYMKTILFIPELPKKHKTSSNDKMELFEVDDDNKEGNFSNMFLDASHAGLVNEHW
AFGKNERSLKYIERCLQDFLGFGVLGPEGQLVSWIVMEQSCELRMGYTVPKYRHQGNMLQ
IGYHLEKYLSQKEIPFYFHVADNNEKSLQALNNLGFKICPCGWHQWKCTPKKYC
Enzyme 3 Number of Residues 294
Enzyme 3 Molecular Weight 34278
Enzyme 3 Theoretical pI 6.67
Enzyme 3 GO Classification Not Available
Enzyme 3 General Function Not Available
Enzyme 3 Specific Function Mitochondrial acyltransferase which transfers the acyl group to the N-terminus of glycine. Can conjugate a multitude of substrates to form a variety of N-acylglycines
Enzyme 3 Pathways Not Available
Enzyme 3 Reactions
  • Acyl-CoA + glycine = CoA + N-acylglycine
Enzyme 3 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 3 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 3 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 3 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 3 GenBank ID Protein 29243559 Link Image
Enzyme 3 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID Q8WU03 Link Image
Enzyme 3 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name GLYL2_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 3 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 3 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 3 Gene Sequence Not Available
Enzyme 3 GenBank Gene ID AF426250 Link Image
Enzyme 3 GeneCard ID Q8WU03 Link Image
Enzyme 3 GenAtlas ID GLYATL2 Link Image
Enzyme 3 HGNC ID HGNC:24178 Link Image
Enzyme 3 Chromosome Location Not Available
Enzyme 3 Locus Not Available
Enzyme 3 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 3 General References Not Available
Enzyme 3 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 4 [top]
Enzyme 4 ID 12974
Enzyme 4 Name Glycine N-acyltransferase-like protein 3
Enzyme 4 Synonyms Not Available
Enzyme 4 Gene Name GLYATL3
Enzyme 4 Protein Sequence >Glycine N-acyltransferase-like protein 3 
MLVLNCSTKLLILEKMLKSCFPESLKVYGAVMNINRGNPFQKEVVLDSWPDFKAVITRRQ
REAETDNLDHYTNAYAVFYKDVRAYRQLLEECDVFNWDQVFQIKGLQSELYDVSKAVANS
KQLNIKLTSFKAVHFSPVSSLPDTSFLKGPSPRLTYLSVANADLLNRTWSRGGNEQCLRY
IANLISCFPSVCVRDEKGNPVSWSITDQFATMCHGYTLPEHRRKGYSRLVALTLARKLQS
RGFPSQGNVLDDNTASISLLKSLHAEFLPCRFHRLILTPATFSGLPHL
Enzyme 4 Number of Residues 288
Enzyme 4 Molecular Weight 32704
Enzyme 4 Theoretical pI Not Available
Enzyme 4 GO Classification Not Available
Enzyme 4 General Function Not Available
Enzyme 4 Specific Function Acyltransferase which transfers the acyl group to the N-terminus of glycine (By similarity).
Enzyme 4 Pathways Not Available
Enzyme 4 Reactions Not Available
Enzyme 4 Pfam Domain Function Not Available
Enzyme 4 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 4 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 4 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 4 GenBank ID Protein Not Available
Enzyme 4 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID Q5SZD4 Link Image
Enzyme 4 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name GLYL3_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 4 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 4 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 4 Gene Sequence Not Available
Enzyme 4 GenBank Gene ID Not Available
Enzyme 4 GeneCard ID Q5SZD4 Link Image
Enzyme 4 GenAtlas ID GLYATL3 Link Image
Enzyme 4 HGNC ID HGNC:21349 Link Image
Enzyme 4 Chromosome Location Not Available
Enzyme 4 Locus Not Available
Enzyme 4 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 4 General References Not Available
Enzyme 4 Metabolite References Not Available