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Human Metabolome Database Version 2.5

 

Showing metabocard for Kynurenic acid (HMDB00715)

Legend: metabolite field enzyme field

Version 2.5
Creation Date 2005-11-16 15:48:42
Update Date 2010-06-07 14:26:40
Accession Number HMDB00715
Secondary Accession Numbers Not Available
Common Name Kynurenic acid
Description Kynurenic acid (KYNA) is a well-known endogenous antagonist of the glutamate ionotropic excitatory amino acid receptors N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), alphaamino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid and kainate receptors and of the nicotine cholinergic subtype alpha 7 receptors. KYNA neuroprotective and anticonvulsive activities have been demonstrated in animal models of neurodegenerative diseases. Because of KYNA's neuromodulatory character, its involvement has been speculatively linked to the pathogenesis of a number of neurological conditions including those in the ageing process. Different patterns of abnormalities in various stages of KYNA metabolism in the CNS have been reported in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease. In HIV-1-infected patients and in patients with Lyme neuroborreliosis a marked rise of KYNA metabolism was seen. In the ageing process KYNA metabolism in the CNS of rats shows a characteristic pattern of changes throughout the life span. A marked increase of the KYNA content in the CNS occurs before the birth, followed by a dramatic decline on the day of birth. A low activity was seen during ontogenesis, and a slow and progressive enhancement occurs during maturation and ageing. This remarkable profile of KYNA metabolism alterations in the mammalian brain has been suggested to result from the development of the organisation of neuronal connections and synaptic plasticity, development of receptor recognition sites, maturation and ageing. There is significant evidence that KYNA can improve cognition and memory, but it has also been demonstrated that it interferes with working memory. Impairment of cognitive function in various neurodegenerative disorders is accompanied by profound reduction and/or elevation of KYNA metabolism. The view that enhancement of CNS KYNA levels could underlie cognitive decline is supported by the increased KYNA metabolism in Alzheimer's disease, by the increased KYNA metabolism in down's syndrome and the enhancement of KYNA function during the early stage of Huntington's disease. Kynurenic acid is the only endogenous N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist identified up to now, that mediates glutamatergic hypofunction. Schizophrenia is a disorder of dopaminergic neurotransmission, but modulation of the dopaminergic system by glutamatergic neurotransmission seems to play a key role. Despite the NMDA receptor antagonism, kynurenic acid also blocks, in lower doses, the nicotinergic acetycholine receptor, i.e., increased kynurenic acid levels can explain psychotic symptoms and cognitive deterioration. Kynurenic acid levels are described to be higher in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and in critical central nervous system (CNS) regions of schizophrenics as compared to controls. (PMID: 17062375, 16088227)
Synonyms
  1. 4-hydroxy-2-Quinolinecarboxylic acid
  2. 2-Carboxy-4-hydroxyquinoline
  3. 4-hydroxy-Quinaldate
  4. 4-hydroxy-Quinaldic acid
  5. 4-Hydroxyquinaldate
  6. 4-Hydroxyquinaldic acid
  7. 4-Hydroxyquinaldinate
  8. 4-Hydroxyquinaldinic acid
  9. 4-Hydroxyquinoline-2-carboxylate
  10. 4-Hydroxyquinoline-2-carboxylic acid
  11. Kynurenate
  12. Kynurenic acid
  13. Quinurenic acid
Chemical IUPAC Name 4-hydroxy-2-Quinolinecarboxylic acid
Chemical Formula C10H7NO3
Chemical Structure Structure
Chemical Taxonomy
Kingdom
  • Organic
Super Class
  • Miscellanous
Class
  • Aromatic Acids
  • Isoquinolines and Quinolines
Sub Class
  • Miscellaneous heterocyclic compounds
Family
  • Mammalian Metabolite
Species
  • carboxylic acid
  • oxo(het)arene
  • aromatic compound
  • heterocyclic compound
Biofunction
—
Application
—
Source
  • Endogenous
Average Molecular Weight 189.167
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight 189.042587
Isomeric SMILES OC(=O)C1=CC(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2N1
Canonical SMILES OC(=O)C1=CC(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2N1
KEGG Compound ID C01717 Link Image
BioCyc ID Not Available
BiGG ID 38234 Link Image
Wikipedia Link Kynurenic acid Link Image
NuGOwiki Link HMDB00715 Link Image
Metagene Link HMDB00715 Link Image
METLIN ID 5683 Link Image
PubChem Compound 3845 Link Image
PubChem Substance 8144530 Link Image
ChEBI ID 18344 Link Image
CAS Registry Number 492-27-3
InChI Identifier InChI=1/C10H7NO3/c12-9-5-8(10(13)14)11-7-4-2-1-3-6(7)9/h1-5H,(H,11,12)(H,13,14)
Synthesis Reference Stone, T. W. Development and therapeutic potential of kynurenic acid and kynurenine derivatives for neuroprotection. Trends in Pharmacological Sciences (2000), 21(4), 149-154.
Melting Point (Experimental) 280 oC
Experimental Water Solubility Not Available Source: PhysProp
Predicted Water Solubility 0.265 mg/mL [MEYLAN,WM et al. (1996)]; 0.954 mg/mL [Predicted by ALOGPS] Calculated using ALOGPS
Physiological Charge -1
State Solid
Experimental LogP/Hydrophobicity Not Available Source: PhysProp
Predicted LogP/Hydrophobicity 1.16 [Predicted by ALOGPS]; -1.1 [Predicted by PubChem via XLOGP]; 1.54 [MEYLAN,WM & HOWARD,PH (1995)] Calculated using ALOGPS
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)
MOL File Show
SDF File Show
PDB File Show
2D Structure
3D Structure
Experimental PDB ID Not Available
Experimental 1H NMR Spectrum Download Spectrum
Download FID (Varian)
Show Experimental Conditions Link Image
Experimental 13C NMR Spectrum Not Available
Experimental 13C HSQC Spectrum Download Spectrum
Download FID (Bruker)
Show Experimental Conditions Link Image
Predicted 1H NMR Spectrum Show Image
Show Peaklist
Predicted 13C NMR Spectrum Show Image
Show Peaklist
Mass Spectrum
Low Energy
Download File
Show Experimental Conditions Link Image
Medium Energy
Download File
Show Experimental Conditions Link Image
High Energy
Download File
Show Experimental Conditions Link Image
Simplified TOCSY Spectrum Not Available
BMRB Spectrum Not Available
Cellular Location
  • Cytoplasm
Biofluid Location
  • Blood
  • Cerebrospinal Fluid
  • Urine
Tissue Location
Tissue References
Brain —
Epidermis —
Fibroblasts —
Concentrations (Normal)
Biofluid Blood
Value 0.023 +/- 0.010 uM
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex Both
Patient information Normal
Comments Not Available
References
  • Herve C, Beyne P, Jamault H, Delacoux E: Determination of tryptophan and its kynurenine pathway metabolites in human serum by high-performance liquid chromatography with simultaneous ultraviolet and fluorimetric detection. J Chromatogr B Biomed Appl. 1996 Jan 12;675(1):157-61. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid CSF
Value 0.0019 (0.0017-0.0021) uM
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex Female
Patient information Normal
Comments Not Available
References
  • Nilsson LK, Nordin C, Jonsson EG, Engberg G, Linderholm KR, Erhardt S: Cerebrospinal fluid kynurenic acid in male and female controls - Correlation with monoamine metabolites and influences of confounding factors. J Psychiatr Res. 2007 Jan-Feb;41(1-2):144-51. Epub 2006 Jan 24. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid CSF
Value 0.001 (0.0009-0.0011) uM
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex Male
Patient information Normal
Comments Not Available
References
  • Nilsson LK, Nordin C, Jonsson EG, Engberg G, Linderholm KR, Erhardt S: Cerebrospinal fluid kynurenic acid in male and female controls - Correlation with monoamine metabolites and influences of confounding factors. J Psychiatr Res. 2007 Jan-Feb;41(1-2):144-51. Epub 2006 Jan 24. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid CSF
Value 0.0040 +/- 0.00014 uM
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex N/A
Patient information Normal
Comments Not Available
References
  • Kepplinger B, Baran H, Kainz A, Ferraz-Leite H, Newcombe J, Kalina P: Age-related increase of kynurenic acid in human cerebrospinal fluid - IgG and beta2-microglobulin changes. Neurosignals. 2005;14(3):126-35. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid CSF
Value 0.07 (0.06-0.08) uM
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex N/A
Patient information Normal
Comments Not Available
References
  • Medana IM, Hien TT, Day NP, Phu NH, Mai NT, Chu'ong LV, Chau TT, Taylor A, Salahifar H, Stocker R, Smythe G, Turner GD, Farrar J, White NJ, Hunt NH: The clinical significance of cerebrospinal fluid levels of kynurenine pathway metabolites and lactate in severe malaria. J Infect Dis. 2002 Mar 1;185(5):650-6. Epub 2002 Feb 14. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid Urine
Value 1.34 +/- 0.30 umol/mmol creatinine
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex Both
Patient information Normal
Comments Not Available
References
  • Geigy Scientific Tables, 8th Rev edition, pp. 165-177. Edited by Cornelius Lentner.
  • West Cadwell, N.J. : Medical education Div., Ciba-Geigy Corp.
  • Basel, Switzerland c1981-1992.
Concentrations (Abnormal)
Biofluid CSF
Value 0.06 (0.06-0.07) uM
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex N/A
Condition Malaria
Comments Severe malaria
References
  • Medana IM, Hien TT, Day NP, Phu NH, Mai NT, Chu'ong LV, Chau TT, Taylor A, Salahifar H, Stocker R, Smythe G, Turner GD, Farrar J, White NJ, Hunt NH: The clinical significance of cerebrospinal fluid levels of kynurenine pathway metabolites and lactate in severe malaria. J Infect Dis. 2002 Mar 1;185(5):650-6. Epub 2002 Feb 14. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid CSF
Value 1.23 (0.18-8.40) uM
Age N/A
Sex N/A
Condition Anemia
Comments In children
References
  • Medana IM, Day NP, Salahifar-Sabet H, Stocker R, Smythe G, Bwanaisa L, Njobvu A, Kayira K, Turner GD, Taylor TE, Hunt NH: Metabolites of the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism in the cerebrospinal fluid of Malawian children with malaria. J Infect Dis. 2003 Sep 15;188(6):844-9. Epub 2003 Sep 9. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid CSF
Value 0.21 (0.2-0.3) uM
Age N/A
Sex N/A
Condition Malaria
Comments Cerebral malaria in children
References
  • Medana IM, Day NP, Salahifar-Sabet H, Stocker R, Smythe G, Bwanaisa L, Njobvu A, Kayira K, Turner GD, Taylor TE, Hunt NH: Metabolites of the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism in the cerebrospinal fluid of Malawian children with malaria. J Infect Dis. 2003 Sep 15;188(6):844-9. Epub 2003 Sep 9. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid CSF
Value 0.07 (0.0-34.1) uM
Age N/A
Sex N/A
Condition Tuberculous meningitis
Comments In children
References
  • Medana IM, Day NP, Salahifar-Sabet H, Stocker R, Smythe G, Bwanaisa L, Njobvu A, Kayira K, Turner GD, Taylor TE, Hunt NH: Metabolites of the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism in the cerebrospinal fluid of Malawian children with malaria. J Infect Dis. 2003 Sep 15;188(6):844-9. Epub 2003 Sep 9. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid CSF
Value 0.05 (0.02-0.10) uM
Age N/A
Sex N/A
Condition Convulsion
Comments In children
References
  • Medana IM, Day NP, Salahifar-Sabet H, Stocker R, Smythe G, Bwanaisa L, Njobvu A, Kayira K, Turner GD, Taylor TE, Hunt NH: Metabolites of the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism in the cerebrospinal fluid of Malawian children with malaria. J Infect Dis. 2003 Sep 15;188(6):844-9. Epub 2003 Sep 9. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid CSF
Value 0.05 (0.01-0.25) uM
Age N/A
Sex N/A
Condition Malaria
Comments Uncomplicated malaria in children
References
  • Medana IM, Day NP, Salahifar-Sabet H, Stocker R, Smythe G, Bwanaisa L, Njobvu A, Kayira K, Turner GD, Taylor TE, Hunt NH: Metabolites of the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism in the cerebrospinal fluid of Malawian children with malaria. J Infect Dis. 2003 Sep 15;188(6):844-9. Epub 2003 Sep 9. [PubMed Link Image]
Associated Disorders
Condition References
Anemia
  • Medana IM, Day NP, Salahifar-Sabet H, Stocker R, Smythe G, Bwanaisa L, Njobvu A, Kayira K, Turner GD, Taylor TE, Hunt NH: Metabolites of the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism in the cerebrospinal fluid of Malawian children with malaria. J Infect Dis. 2003 Sep 15;188(6):844-9. Epub 2003 Sep 9. [PubMed Link Image]
Convulsion
  • Medana IM, Day NP, Salahifar-Sabet H, Stocker R, Smythe G, Bwanaisa L, Njobvu A, Kayira K, Turner GD, Taylor TE, Hunt NH: Metabolites of the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism in the cerebrospinal fluid of Malawian children with malaria. J Infect Dis. 2003 Sep 15;188(6):844-9. Epub 2003 Sep 9. [PubMed Link Image]
Malaria
Tuberculous meningitis
  • Medana IM, Day NP, Salahifar-Sabet H, Stocker R, Smythe G, Bwanaisa L, Njobvu A, Kayira K, Turner GD, Taylor TE, Hunt NH: Metabolites of the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism in the cerebrospinal fluid of Malawian children with malaria. J Infect Dis. 2003 Sep 15;188(6):844-9. Epub 2003 Sep 9. [PubMed Link Image]
OMIM ID
Pathways
Name SMPDB Link KEGG Link
Tryptophan Metabolism SMP00063 Link Image map00380 Link Image
General References
  1. Parada-Turska J, Rzeski W, Zgrajka W, Majdan M, Kandefer-Szerszen M, Turski W: Kynurenic acid, an endogenous constituent of rheumatoid arthritis synovial fluid, inhibits proliferation of synoviocytes in vitro. Rheumatol Int. 2006 Mar;26(5):422-6. Epub 2005 Oct 12. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Amirkhani A, Heldin E, Markides KE, Bergquist J: Quantitation of tryptophan, kynurenine and kynurenic acid in human plasma by capillary liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2002 Nov 25;780(2):381-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Ilzecka J, Kocki T, Stelmasiak Z, Turski WA: Endogenous protectant kynurenic acid in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Acta Neurol Scand. 2003 Jun;107(6):412-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Bapurao S, Krishnaswamy K: Vitamin B6 nutritional status of pellagrins and their leucine tolerance. Am J Clin Nutr. 1978 May;31(5):819-24. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Nilsson LK, Nordin C, Jonsson EG, Engberg G, Linderholm KR, Erhardt S: Cerebrospinal fluid kynurenic acid in male and female controls - Correlation with monoamine metabolites and influences of confounding factors. J Psychiatr Res. 2007 Jan-Feb;41(1-2):144-51. Epub 2006 Jan 24. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Milart P, Sikorski R: [Kynurenic acid concentration in blood and urine during normal pregnancy] Ginekol Pol. 1998 Dec;69(12):968-73. [PubMed Link Image]
  7. Moroni F, Russi P, Lombardi G, Beni M, Carla V: Presence of kynurenic acid in the mammalian brain. J Neurochem. 1988 Jul;51(1):177-80. [PubMed Link Image]
  8. Turski WA, Nakamura M, Todd WP, Carpenter BK, Whetsell WO Jr, Schwarcz R: Identification and quantification of kynurenic acid in human brain tissue. Brain Res. 1988 Jun 28;454(1-2):164-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  9. Medana IM, Hien TT, Day NP, Phu NH, Mai NT, Chu'ong LV, Chau TT, Taylor A, Salahifar H, Stocker R, Smythe G, Turner GD, Farrar J, White NJ, Hunt NH: The clinical significance of cerebrospinal fluid levels of kynurenine pathway metabolites and lactate in severe malaria. J Infect Dis. 2002 Mar 1;185(5):650-6. Epub 2002 Feb 14. [PubMed Link Image]
  10. Connick JH, Carla V, Moroni F, Stone TW: Increase in kynurenic acid in Huntington's disease motor cortex. J Neurochem. 1989 Mar;52(3):985-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  11. Swartz KJ, Matson WR, MacGarvey U, Ryan EA, Beal MF: Measurement of kynurenic acid in mammalian brain extracts and cerebrospinal fluid by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorometric and coulometric electrode array detection. Anal Biochem. 1990 Mar;185(2):363-76. [PubMed Link Image]
  12. Baran H, Cairns N, Lubec B, Lubec G: Increased kynurenic acid levels and decreased brain kynurenine aminotransferase I in patients with Down syndrome. Life Sci. 1996;58(21):1891-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  13. Medana IM, Day NP, Salahifar-Sabet H, Stocker R, Smythe G, Bwanaisa L, Njobvu A, Kayira K, Turner GD, Taylor TE, Hunt NH: Metabolites of the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism in the cerebrospinal fluid of Malawian children with malaria. J Infect Dis. 2003 Sep 15;188(6):844-9. Epub 2003 Sep 9. [PubMed Link Image]
  14. Heyes MP, Saito K, Crowley JS, Davis LE, Demitrack MA, Der M, Dilling LA, Elia J, Kruesi MJ, Lackner A, et al.: Quinolinic acid and kynurenine pathway metabolism in inflammatory and non-inflammatory neurological disease. Brain. 1992 Oct;115 ( Pt 5):1249-73. [PubMed Link Image]
  15. Beal MF, Matson WR, Storey E, Milbury P, Ryan EA, Ogawa T, Bird ED: Kynurenic acid concentrations are reduced in Huntington's disease cerebral cortex. J Neurol Sci. 1992 Mar;108(1):80-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  16. Kepplinger B, Baran H, Kainz A, Ferraz-Leite H, Newcombe J, Kalina P: Age-related increase of kynurenic acid in human cerebrospinal fluid - IgG and beta2-microglobulin changes. Neurosignals. 2005;14(3):126-35. [PubMed Link Image]
  17. Wikipedia Link Image
Metabolic Enzymes
  1. Kynurenine--oxoglutarate transaminase 1
  2. Kynurenine--oxoglutarate transaminase 3
Enzyme 1 [top]
Enzyme 1 ID 5703
Enzyme 1 Name Kynurenine--oxoglutarate transaminase 1
Enzyme 1 Synonyms
  1. Kynurenine-- oxoglutarate transaminase I
  2. Kynurenine aminotransferase I
  3. KATI
  4. Glutamine--phenylpyruvate transaminase
  5. Glutamine transaminase K
  6. GTK
  7. Cysteine-S-conjugate beta-lyase
Enzyme 1 Gene Name CCBL1
Enzyme 1 Protein Sequence >Kynurenine--oxoglutarate transaminase 1 
MAKQLQARRLDGIDYNPWVEFVKLASEHDVVNLGQGFPDFPPPDFAVEAFQHAVSGDFML
NQYTKTFGYPPLTKILASFFGELLGQEIDPLRNVLVTVGGYGALFTAFQALVDEGDEVII
IEPFFDCYEPMTMMAGGRPVFVSLKPGPIQNGELGSSSNWQLDPMELAGKFTSRTKALVL
NTPNNPLGKVFSREELELVASLCQQHDVVCITDEVYQWMVYDGHQHISIASLPGMWERTL
TIGSAGKTFSATGWKVGWVLGPDHIMKHLRTVHQNSVFHCPTQSQAAVAESFEREQLLFR
QPSSYFVQFPQAMQRCRDHMIRSLQSVGLKPIIPQGSYFLITDISDFKRKMPDLPGAVDE
PYDRRFVKWMIKNKGLVAIPVSIFYSVPHQKHFDHYIRFCFVKDEATLQAMDEKLRKWKV
EL
Enzyme 1 Number of Residues 422
Enzyme 1 Molecular Weight 47876
Enzyme 1 Theoretical pI 6.45
Enzyme 1 GO Classification
Function
  • 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase activity
  • carbon-sulfur lyase activity
  • catalytic activity
  • lyase activity
  • transferase activity
  • transferase activity, transferring nitrogenous groups
Process
  • biosynthesis
  • metabolism
  • physiological process
Component
—
Enzyme 1 General Function Amino acid transport and metabolism
Enzyme 1 Specific Function Catalyzes the irreversible transamination of the L- tryptophan metabolite L-kinurenine to form kynurenic acid (KA). Metabolizes the cysteine conjugates of certain halogenated alkenes and alkanes to form reactive metabolites. Catalyzes the beta- elimination of S-conjugates and Se-conjugates of L- (seleno)cysteine, resulting in the cleavage of the C-S or C-Se bond
Enzyme 1 Pathways
Enzyme 1 Reactions
  • RS-CH2-CH(NH3+)COO- = RSH + ammonia + pyruvate
Enzyme 1 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 1 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 1 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 1 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 1 GenBank ID Protein 758591 Link Image
Enzyme 1 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID Q16773 Link Image
Enzyme 1 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name KAT1_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 1 PDB ID 1W7N Link Image
Enzyme 1 PDB File Show
Enzyme 1 3D Structure
Enzyme 1 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 1 Gene Sequence >1269 bp 
ATGGCCAAACAGCTGCAGGCCCGAAGGCTAGACGGGATCGACTACAACCCCTGGGTGGAG
TTTGTGAAACTGGCCAGTGAGCATGACGTCGTGAACTTGGGCCAGGGCTTCCCGGATTTC
CCACCACCAGACTTTGCCGTGGAAGCCTTTCAGCACGCTGTCAGTGGAGACTTCATGCTT
AACCAGTACACCAAGACATTTGGTTACCCACCACTGACGAAGATCCTGGCAAGTTTCTTT
GGGGAGCTGCTGGGTCAGGAGATAGACCCGCTCAGGAATGTGCTGGTGACTGTTGGTGGC
TATGGGGCCCTGTTCACAGCCTTCCAGGCCCTGGTGGACGAAGGAGACGAGGTCATCATC
ATCGAACCCTTTTTTGACTGCTACGAGCCCATGACAATGATGGCAGGGGGTCGTCCTGTG
TTTGTGTCCCTGAAGCCGGGTCCCATCCAGAATGGAGAACTGGGTTCCAGCAGCAACTGG
CAGCTGGACCCCATGGAGCTGGCCGGCAAATTCACATCACGCACCAAAGCCCTGGTCCTC
AACACCCCCAACAACCCCCTGGGCAAGGTGTTCTCCAGGGAAGAGCTGGAGCTGGTGGCC
AGCCTTTGCCAGCAGCATGACGTGGTGTGTATCACTGATGAAGTCTACCAGTGGATGGTC
TACGACGGGCACCAGCACATCAGCATTGCCAGCCTCCCTGGCATGTGGGAACGGACCCTG
ACCATCGGCAGCGCCGGCAAGACCTTCAGCGCCACTGGCTGGAAGGTGGGCTGGGTCCTG
GGTCCAGATCACATCATGAAGCACCTGCGGACCGTGCACCAGAACTCCGTCTTCCACTGC
CCCACGCAGAGCCAGGCTGCAGTAGCCGAGAGCTTTGAACGGGAGCAGCTGCTCTTCCGC
CAACCCAGCAGCTACTTTGTGCAGTTCCCGCAGGCCATGCAGCGCTGCCGTGACCACATG
ATACGTAGCCTACAGTCAGTGGGCCTGAAGCCCATCATCCCTCAGGGCAGCTACTTCCTC
ATCACAGACATCTCAGACTTCAAGAGGAAGATGCCTGACTTGCCTGGAGCTGTGGATGAG
CCCTATGACAGACGCTTCGTCAAGTGGATGATCAAGAACAAGGGCTTGGTGGCCATCCCT
GTCTCCATCTTCTATAGTGTGCCACATCAGAAGCACTTTGACCACTATATCCGCTTCTGT
TTTGTGAAGGATGAAGCCACGCTCCAGGCCATGGACGAGAAGCTGCGGAAGTGGAAGGTG
GAACTCTAG
Enzyme 1 GenBank Gene ID X82224 Link Image
Enzyme 1 GeneCard ID CCBL1 Link Image
Enzyme 1 GenAtlas ID CCBL1 Link Image
Enzyme 1 HGNC ID HGNC:1564 Link Image
Enzyme 1 Chromosome Location 9
Enzyme 1 Locus 9q34.11
Enzyme 1 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 1 General References
  1. Perry S, Harries H, Scholfield C, Lock T, King L, Gibson G, Goldfarb P: Molecular cloning and expression of a cDNA for human kidney cysteine conjugate beta-lyase. FEBS Lett. 1995 Mar 6;360(3):277-80. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 1 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 2 [top]
Enzyme 2 ID 14702
Enzyme 2 Name Kynurenine--oxoglutarate transaminase 3
Enzyme 2 Synonyms
  1. Kynurenine-- oxoglutarate transaminase III
  2. Kynurenine aminotransferase III
  3. KATIII
  4. Cysteine-S-conjugate beta-lyase 2
Enzyme 2 Gene Name CCBL2
Enzyme 2 Protein Sequence >Kynurenine--oxoglutarate transaminase 3 
MFLAQRSLCSLSGRAKFLKTISSSKILGFSTSAKMSLKFTNAKRIEGLDSNVWIEFTKLA
ADPSVVNLGQGFPDISPPTYVKEELSKIAAIDSLNQYTRGFGHPSLVKALSYLYEKLYQK
QIDSNKEILVTVGAYGSLFNTIQALIDEGDEVILIVPFYDCYEPMVRMAGATPVFIPLRS
KPVYGKRWSSSDWTLDPQELESKFNSKTKAIILNTPHNPLGKVYNREELQVIADLCIKYD
TLCISDEVYEWLVYSGNKHLKIATFPGMWERTITIGSAGKTFSVTGWKLGWSIGPNHLIK
HLQTVQQNTIYTCATPLQEALAQAFWIDIKRMDDPECYFNSLPKELEVKRDRMVRLLESV
GLKPIVPDGGYFIIADVSLLDPDLSDMKNNEPYDYKFVKWMTKHKKLSAIPVSAFCNSET
KSQFEKFVRFCFIKKDSTLDAAEEIIKAWSVQKS
Enzyme 2 Number of Residues 454
Enzyme 2 Molecular Weight 51401
Enzyme 2 Theoretical pI 8.34
Enzyme 2 GO Classification
Function
  • catalytic activity
  • transferase activity
  • transferase activity, transferring nitrogenous groups
Process
  • biosynthesis
  • metabolism
  • physiological process
Component
—
Enzyme 2 General Function Amino acid transport and metabolism
Enzyme 2 Specific Function Catalyzes the irreversible transamination of the L- tryptophan metabolite L-kinurenine to form kynurenic acid (KA). May catalyze the beta-elimination of S-conjugates and Se- conjugates of L-(seleno)cysteine, resulting in the cleavage of the C-S or C-Se bond
Enzyme 2 Pathways
Enzyme 2 Reactions
  • RS-CH2-CH(NH3+)COO- = RSH + NH3 + pyruvate [RN:R03528] ALL_REAC R03528
Enzyme 2 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 2 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 2 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 2 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 2 GenBank ID Protein 37542047 Link Image
Enzyme 2 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID Q6YP21 Link Image
Enzyme 2 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name KAT3_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 2 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 2 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 2 Gene Sequence >1365 bp 
ATGTTTTTGGCCCAGAGGAGCCTCTGCTCTCTTAGCGGTAGAGCAAAATTCCTGAAGACA
ATTTCTTCTTCCAAAATCCTCGGATTCTCTACTTCTGCTAAAATGTCACTGAAATTCACA
AATGCAAAACGGATTGAAGGACTTGATAGTAATGTGTGGATTGAATTTACCAAATTGGCT
GCAGACCCTTCTGTTGTGAATCTTGGCCAAGGCTTTCCAGATATATCCCCTCCTACATAT
GTAAAAGAAGAATTATCAAAGATTGCAGCAATCGATAGCCTGAATCAGTATACACGAGGC
TTTGGCCATCCATCACTTGTGAAAGCTCTGTCCTATCTGTATGAAAAGCTTTATCAAAAG
CAAATTGATTCAAATAAAGAAATCCTTGTGACAGTAGGAGCATATGGATCTCTTTTTAAC
ACCATTCAAGCATTAATTGATGAGGGAGATGAAGTCATACTAATAGTGCCTTTCTATGAC
TGCTATGAGCCCATGGTGAGAATGGCTGGAGCAACACCTGTTTTTATTCCCCTGAGATCT
AAACCTGTTTATGGAAAAAGATGGTCTAGTTCTGACTGGACATTAGATCCTCAAGAACTG
GAAAGTAAATTTAATTCCAAAACCAAAGCTATTATACTAAATACTCCACATAACCCACTT
GGCAAGGTGTATAACAGAGAGGAACTGCAAGTAATTGCTGACCTTTGCATCAAATATGAC
ACACTCTGCATCAGCGATGAGGTTTATGAATGGCTTGTATATTCTGGAAATAAGCACTTA
AAAATAGCTACTTTTCCAGGTATGTGGGAGAGAACAATAACAATAGGAAGTGCTGGAAAG
ACTTTCAGTGTAACTGGCTGGAAGCTTGGCTGGTCCATTGGTCCAAATCATTTGATAAAA
CATTTACAGACAGTTCAACAAAACACGATTTATACTTGTGCAACTCCTTTACAGGAAGCC
TTGGCTCAAGCTTTCTGGATTGACATCAAGCGCATGGATGACCCAGAATGTTACTTTAAT
TCTTTGCCAAAAGAGTTAGAAGTAAAAAGAGATCGGATGGTACGTTTACTTGAAAGTGTT
GGCCTAAAACCCATAGTTCCTGATGGAGGATACTTCATCATCGCTGATGTGTCTTTGCTA
GATCCAGACCTCTCTGATATGAAGAATAATGAGCCTTATGACTATAAGTTTGTGAAATGG
ATGACTAAACATAAGAAACTATCAGCCATCCCCGTTTCAGCATTCTGTAACTCAGAGACT
AAATCACAGTTTGAGAAGTTTGTGCGTTTTTGCTTCATTAAAAAAGACAGCACACTGGAT
GCTGCTGAAGAAATCATCAAGGCATGGAGTGTACAGAAGTCTTGA
Enzyme 2 GenBank Gene ID AY028624 Link Image
Enzyme 2 GeneCard ID Q6YP21 Link Image
Enzyme 2 GenAtlas ID CCBL2 Link Image
Enzyme 2 HGNC ID HGNC:33238 Link Image
Enzyme 2 Chromosome Location Not Available
Enzyme 2 Locus Not Available
Enzyme 2 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 2 General References Not Available
Enzyme 2 Metabolite References Not Available