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Record Information
Version5.0
StatusDetected and Quantified
Creation Date2005-11-16 15:48:42 UTC
Update Date2021-09-14 15:47:20 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0000797
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB0006274
  • HMDB00797
  • HMDB06274
Metabolite Identification
Common NameSAICAR
DescriptionSAICAR, also known as succinylaminoimidazolecarboxamide ribotide or phosphoribosylaminoimidazolesuccinocarboxamide, is a substrate for the multifunctional protein ADE2. SAICAR is an intermediate in purine metabolism. SAICAR is converted from 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxyribonucleotide (CAIR) via phosphoribosylaminoimidazolesuccinocarboxamide synthetase (EC: 6.3.2.6) or SAICAR synthase. This enzyme catalyzes the eighth step in the biosynthesis of purine nucleotides. SAICAR (a ribotide) can lose its phosphate group leading to the appearance of a riboside known as succinylaminoimidazolecarboxamide riboside (SAICAriboside) in cerebrospinal fluid, in urine, and, to a lesser extent, in plasma. This particular riboside (called SAICAr) is characteristic of a heritable deficiency known as adenylosuccinate lyase deficiency (ADSL). On the other hand, the ribotide (SAICAR) is generally harmless and is an essential intermediate in purine metabolism. When present in sufficiently high levels, SAICAR can act as an oncometabolite. An oncometabolite is a compound that promotes tumour growth and survival. As an oncometabolite, high levels of SAICAR stimulate pyruvate kinase isoform M2 and promote cancer cell survival in glucose-limited conditions such as aerobic glycolysis (PMID: 23086999 ).
Structure
Thumb
Synonyms
Chemical FormulaC13H19N4O12P
Average Molecular Weight454.2833
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight454.073708604
IUPAC Name(2S)-2-({5-amino-1-[(2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-[(phosphonooxy)methyl]oxolan-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-4-yl}formamido)butanedioic acid
Traditional Namesaicar
CAS Registry Number3031-95-6
SMILES
NC1=C(N=CN1[C@@H]1O[C@H](COP(O)(O)=O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(O)=O
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C13H19N4O12P/c14-10-7(11(22)16-4(13(23)24)1-6(18)19)15-3-17(10)12-9(21)8(20)5(29-12)2-28-30(25,26)27/h3-5,8-9,12,20-21H,1-2,14H2,(H,16,22)(H,18,19)(H,23,24)(H2,25,26,27)/t4-,5+,8+,9+,12+/m0/s1
InChI KeyNAQGHJTUZRHGAC-ZZZDFHIKSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as 1-ribosyl-imidazolecarboxamides. These are organic compounds containing the imidazole ring linked to a ribose ring through a 1-2 bond.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassNucleosides, nucleotides, and analogues
ClassImidazole ribonucleosides and ribonucleotides
Sub Class1-ribosyl-imidazolecarboxamides
Direct Parent1-ribosyl-imidazolecarboxamides
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • 1-ribosyl-imidazolecarboxamide
  • Pentose-5-phosphate
  • Pentose phosphate
  • Aspartic acid or derivatives
  • N-acyl-alpha amino acid or derivatives
  • N-acyl-alpha-amino acid
  • Glycosyl compound
  • N-glycosyl compound
  • Monosaccharide phosphate
  • Alpha-amino acid or derivatives
  • Pentose monosaccharide
  • 2-heteroaryl carboxamide
  • Imidazolyl carboxylic acid derivative
  • Imidazole-4-carbonyl group
  • Monoalkyl phosphate
  • N-substituted imidazole
  • Organic phosphoric acid derivative
  • Alkyl phosphate
  • Dicarboxylic acid or derivatives
  • Phosphoric acid ester
  • Aminoimidazole
  • Monosaccharide
  • Imidazole
  • Heteroaromatic compound
  • Azole
  • Vinylogous amide
  • Tetrahydrofuran
  • Amino acid or derivatives
  • Carboxamide group
  • Amino acid
  • 1,2-diol
  • Secondary carboxylic acid amide
  • Secondary alcohol
  • Oxacycle
  • Azacycle
  • Organoheterocyclic compound
  • Carboxylic acid derivative
  • Carboxylic acid
  • Alcohol
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Carbonyl group
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organic oxide
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Amine
  • Primary amine
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Aromatic heteromonocyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAromatic heteromonocyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
Physiological effect
Disposition
Biological locationRoute of exposureSource
Process
Role
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting PointNot AvailableNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water SolubilityNot AvailableNot Available
LogPNot AvailableNot Available
Experimental Chromatographic PropertiesNot Available
Predicted Molecular Properties
Predicted Chromatographic Properties
Spectra
Biological Properties
Cellular LocationsNot Available
Biospecimen Locations
  • Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
  • Urine
Tissue Locations
  • Fibroblasts
  • Intestine
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)Detected and Quantified0 uMAdult (>18 years old)Not SpecifiedNormal details
UrineDetected and Quantified<1 umol/mmol creatinineInfant (0-1 year old)MaleNormal details
Abnormal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)Detected and Quantified921.0 (0.0-1842.0) uMAdult (>18 years old)Not SpecifiedAdenylosuccinate lyase deficiency details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)Detected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedChildren (1-13 years old)FemaleATIC deficiency details
UrineDetected and Quantified<0.300 umol/mmol creatinineInfant (0-1 year old)MaleFumarase deficiency details
UrineDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedChildren (1-13 years old)FemaleATIC deficiency details
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease References
Adenylosuccinate lyase deficiency
  1. Marinaki AM, Champion M, Kurian MA, Simmonds HA, Marie S, Vincent MF, van den Berghe G, Duley JA, Fairbanks LD: Adenylosuccinate lyase deficiency--first British case. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids. 2004 Oct;23(8-9):1231-3. [PubMed:15571235 ]
ATIC deficiency
  1. Wevers RA, Engelke UF, Moolenaar SH, Brautigam C, de Jong JG, Duran R, de Abreu RA, van Gennip AH: 1H-NMR spectroscopy of body fluids: inborn errors of purine and pyrimidine metabolism. Clin Chem. 1999 Apr;45(4):539-48. [PubMed:10102915 ]
  2. Marie S, Heron B, Bitoun P, Timmerman T, Van Den Berghe G, Vincent MF: AICA-ribosiduria: a novel, neurologically devastating inborn error of purine biosynthesis caused by mutation of ATIC. Am J Hum Genet. 2004 Jun;74(6):1276-81. Epub 2004 Apr 26. [PubMed:15114530 ]
Fumarase deficiency
  1. Tregoning S, Salter W, Thorburn DR, Durkie M, Panayi M, Wu JY, Easterbrook A, Coman DJ: Fumarase deficiency in dichorionic diamniotic twins. Twin Res Hum Genet. 2013 Dec;16(6):1117-20. doi: 10.1017/thg.2013.72. Epub 2013 Nov 4. [PubMed:24182348 ]
Associated OMIM IDs
DrugBank IDNot Available
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDFDB022251
KNApSAcK IDNot Available
Chemspider ID141175
KEGG Compound IDC04823
BioCyc IDP-RIBOSYL-4-SUCCCARB-AMINOIMIDAZOLE
BiGG ID44624
Wikipedia LinkPhosphoribosylaminoimidazolesuccinocarboxamide
METLIN ID5762
PubChem Compound160666
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID18319
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH ID25AICS
MarkerDB IDMDB00000256
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceShaw, Gordon; Thomas, Peter S.; Patey, Carole A. H.; Thomas, Susan E. Purines, pyrimidines and imidazoles. Part 50. Inhibition of adenylosuccinate AMP-lyase no. 4.3.2.2. by derivatives of N-(5-amino-1-b-D-ribofuranosylimidazole-4-carbonyl)-L-aspartic acid 5'-phosphate (SAICAR) and virazole 5'-phosphate. Journal of the Chemical Society, Perkin Transactions 1: Organic and Bio-Organic Chemistry (1972-1999) (1979), (6), 1415-24.
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
General References
  1. Kmoch S, Hartmannova H, Stiburkova B, Krijt J, Zikanova M, Sebesta I: Human adenylosuccinate lyase (ADSL), cloning and characterization of full-length cDNA and its isoform, gene structure and molecular basis for ADSL deficiency in six patients. Hum Mol Genet. 2000 Jun 12;9(10):1501-13. [PubMed:10888601 ]
  2. Race V, Marie S, Vincent MF, Van den Berghe G: Clinical, biochemical and molecular genetic correlations in adenylosuccinate lyase deficiency. Hum Mol Genet. 2000 Sep 1;9(14):2159-65. [PubMed:10958654 ]
  3. Wevers RA, Engelke UF, Moolenaar SH, Brautigam C, de Jong JG, Duran R, de Abreu RA, van Gennip AH: 1H-NMR spectroscopy of body fluids: inborn errors of purine and pyrimidine metabolism. Clin Chem. 1999 Apr;45(4):539-48. [PubMed:10102915 ]
  4. Marinaki AM, Champion M, Kurian MA, Simmonds HA, Marie S, Vincent MF, van den Berghe G, Duley JA, Fairbanks LD: Adenylosuccinate lyase deficiency--first British case. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids. 2004 Oct;23(8-9):1231-3. [PubMed:15571235 ]
  5. Laikind PK, Seegmiller JE, Gruber HE: Detection of 5'-phosphoribosyl-4-(N-succinylcarboxamide)-5-aminoimidazole in urine by use of the Bratton-Marshall reaction: identification of patients deficient in adenylosuccinate lyase activity. Anal Biochem. 1986 Jul;156(1):81-90. [PubMed:3740420 ]
  6. Zikanova M, Krijt J, Hartmannova H, Kmoch S: Preparation of 5-amino-4-imidazole-N-succinocarboxamide ribotide, 5-amino-4-imidazole-N-succinocarboxamide riboside and succinyladenosine, compounds usable in diagnosis and research of adenylosuccinate lyase deficiency. J Inherit Metab Dis. 2005;28(4):493-9. [PubMed:15902552 ]
  7. Keller KE, Tan IS, Lee YS: SAICAR stimulates pyruvate kinase isoform M2 and promotes cancer cell survival in glucose-limited conditions. Science. 2012 Nov 23;338(6110):1069-72. doi: 10.1126/science.1224409. Epub 2012 Oct 18. [PubMed:23086999 ]

Enzymes

General function:
Involved in catalytic activity
Specific function:
Not Available
Gene Name:
ADSL
Uniprot ID:
P30566
Molecular weight:
54888.735
Reactions
SAICAR → Fumaric acid + AICARdetails
SAICAR → Fumaric acid + AICARdetails
General function:
Involved in phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase activity
Specific function:
Not Available
Gene Name:
PAICS
Uniprot ID:
P22234
Molecular weight:
47078.82
Reactions
Adenosine triphosphate + 5-Amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxylic acid + L-Aspartic acid → ADP + Phosphate + SAICARdetails
Adenosine triphosphate + 5-Amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxylic acid + L-Aspartic acid → ADP + Phosphate + SAICARdetails