Record Information |
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Version | 5.0 |
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Status | Detected and Quantified |
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Creation Date | 2005-11-16 15:48:42 UTC |
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Update Date | 2022-09-22 17:43:44 UTC |
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HMDB ID | HMDB0000801 |
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Secondary Accession Numbers | |
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Metabolite Identification |
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Common Name | Phytanic acid |
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Description | Phytanic acid (or 3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadecanoic acid) is a 20-carbon branched-chain fatty acid that humans can obtain through the consumption of dairy products, ruminant animal fats, and certain fish. It is primarily formed by bacterial degradation of chlorophyll in the intestinal tract of ruminants. Unlike most fatty acids, phytanic acid cannot be metabolized by beta-oxidation (because of a methyl group in the beta position). Instead, it undergoes alpha-oxidation in the peroxisome, where it is converted into pristanic acid by the removal of one carbon. Pristanic acid can undergo several rounds of beta-oxidation in the peroxisome to form medium-chain fatty acids that can be converted into carbon dioxide and water in mitochondria. Refsum disease, an autosomal recessive neurological disorder caused by mutations in the PHYH gene, is characterized by having impaired alpha-oxidation activity. Individuals with Refsum disease accumulate large stores of phytanic acid in their blood and tissues. This frequently leads to peripheral polyneuropathy, cerebellar ataxia, retinitis pigmentosa, anosmia, and hearing loss. Therefore, chronically high levels of phytanic acid can be neurotoxic. Phytanic acid's neurotoxicity appears to lie in its ability to initiate astrocyte/neural cell death by activating the mitochondrial route of apoptosis. In particular, phytanic acid can induce the substantial generation of reactive oxygen species in isolated mitochondria as well as in intact cells. It also induces the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria. |
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Structure | CC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CC(O)=O InChI=1S/C20H40O2/c1-16(2)9-6-10-17(3)11-7-12-18(4)13-8-14-19(5)15-20(21)22/h16-19H,6-15H2,1-5H3,(H,21,22) |
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Synonyms | Value | Source |
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3,7,11,15-Tetramethyl hexadecanoic acid | ChEBI | 3,7,11,15-Tetramethyl-hexadecanoic acid | ChEBI | 3,7,11,15-Tetramethyl-hexadecansaeure | ChEBI | 3,7,11,15-Tetramethylhexadecanoic acid | Kegg | 3,7,11,15-Tetramethyl hexadecanoate | Generator | 3,7,11,15-Tetramethyl-hexadecanoate | Generator | 3,7,11,15-Tetramethylhexadecanoate | Generator | Phytanate | Generator | 3,7,11,15-Tetramethylhexadecoanoate | HMDB | 3,7,11,15-Tetramethylhexadecoanoic acid | HMDB | Phytanoate | HMDB | Phytanoic acid | HMDB | Acid, phytanic | HMDB |
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Chemical Formula | C20H40O2 |
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Average Molecular Weight | 312.5304 |
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Monoisotopic Molecular Weight | 312.302830524 |
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IUPAC Name | 3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadecanoic acid |
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Traditional Name | phytanic acid |
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CAS Registry Number | 14721-66-5 |
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SMILES | CC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CC(O)=O |
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InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C20H40O2/c1-16(2)9-6-10-17(3)11-7-12-18(4)13-8-14-19(5)15-20(21)22/h16-19H,6-15H2,1-5H3,(H,21,22) |
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InChI Key | RLCKHJSFHOZMDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
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Chemical Taxonomy |
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Description | Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as acyclic diterpenoids. These are diterpenoids (compounds made of four consecutive isoprene units) that do not contain a cycle. |
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Kingdom | Organic compounds |
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Super Class | Lipids and lipid-like molecules |
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Class | Prenol lipids |
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Sub Class | Diterpenoids |
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Direct Parent | Acyclic diterpenoids |
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Alternative Parents | |
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Substituents | - Acyclic diterpenoid
- Long-chain fatty acid
- Methyl-branched fatty acid
- Branched fatty acid
- Fatty acyl
- Fatty acid
- Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
- Carboxylic acid
- Carboxylic acid derivative
- Organic oxygen compound
- Organic oxide
- Hydrocarbon derivative
- Organooxygen compound
- Carbonyl group
- Aliphatic acyclic compound
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Molecular Framework | Aliphatic acyclic compounds |
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External Descriptors | |
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Ontology |
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Physiological effect | |
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Disposition | |
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Process | |
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Role | |
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Physical Properties |
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State | Solid |
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Experimental Molecular Properties | Property | Value | Reference |
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Melting Point | Not Available | Not Available | Boiling Point | Not Available | Not Available | Water Solubility | 0.0011 mg/L @ 25 °C (est) | The Good Scents Company Information System | LogP | Not Available | Not Available |
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Experimental Chromatographic Properties | Experimental Collision Cross Sections |
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Predicted Molecular Properties | |
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Predicted Chromatographic Properties | Predicted Collision Cross SectionsPredicted Kovats Retention IndicesUnderivatizedDerivatized |
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Spectra |
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| GC-MS SpectraSpectrum Type | Description | Splash Key | Deposition Date | Source | View |
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Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - Phytanic acid GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive | splash10-0006-9780000000-d08f456f5acb304b7ea2 | 2017-09-01 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - Phytanic acid GC-MS (1 TMS) - 70eV, Positive | splash10-00y0-9443000000-5bbc79ddca11ee15c346 | 2017-10-06 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - Phytanic acid GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | 2021-10-12 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - Phytanic acid GC-MS (TBDMS_1_1) - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | 2021-11-06 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum |
MS/MS SpectraSpectrum Type | Description | Splash Key | Deposition Date | Source | View |
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Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Phytanic acid Quattro_QQQ 10V, Positive-QTOF (Annotated) | splash10-03di-0009000000-1344b5ce122597753d72 | 2012-07-24 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Phytanic acid Quattro_QQQ 25V, Positive-QTOF (Annotated) | splash10-00e9-9000000000-d058ed1cd7bf2496d801 | 2012-07-24 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Phytanic acid Quattro_QQQ 40V, Positive-QTOF (Annotated) | splash10-01b9-9000000000-b91cf96bf3e1ed9907c9 | 2012-07-24 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Phytanic acid 10V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-03xr-0089000000-e67aa3a53cb223588ace | 2015-04-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Phytanic acid 20V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-02tc-1094000000-c8ba97412b0185f5a5b3 | 2015-04-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Phytanic acid 40V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-0a4l-8590000000-02e2e52e9c0e6f20a064 | 2015-04-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Phytanic acid 10V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-03di-0009000000-849ba1e3311607445182 | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Phytanic acid 20V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-03di-0029000000-1d86a3df25ae3d6f62b5 | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Phytanic acid 40V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-06r6-8393000000-8564c0781362b5ca2da4 | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Phytanic acid 10V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0002-0192000000-404c7c552fbd445291f4 | 2015-04-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Phytanic acid 20V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-00mk-4790000000-c4c72f2a0388e83c4d50 | 2015-04-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Phytanic acid 40V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0a4i-9720000000-e2429e81001f3469126a | 2015-04-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Phytanic acid 10V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-03di-4569000000-0ae84af33d4a6cee1563 | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Phytanic acid 20V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-06y9-9720000000-8d0e05ef1818d392c4fb | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Phytanic acid 40V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0a4l-9000000000-19bc307031b7da7b3414 | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum |
NMR SpectraSpectrum Type | Description | Deposition Date | Source | View |
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Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, H2O, predicted) | 2022-08-20 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, H2O, predicted) | 2022-08-20 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, H2O, predicted) | 2022-08-20 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, H2O, predicted) | 2022-08-20 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, H2O, predicted) | 2022-08-20 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, H2O, predicted) | 2022-08-20 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, H2O, predicted) | 2022-08-20 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, H2O, predicted) | 2022-08-20 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, H2O, predicted) | 2022-08-20 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, H2O, predicted) | 2022-08-20 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, H2O, predicted) | 2022-08-20 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, H2O, predicted) | 2022-08-20 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, H2O, predicted) | 2022-08-20 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, H2O, predicted) | 2022-08-20 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, H2O, predicted) | 2022-08-20 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, H2O, predicted) | 2022-08-20 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, H2O, predicted) | 2022-08-20 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, H2O, predicted) | 2022-08-20 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, H2O, predicted) | 2022-08-20 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, H2O, predicted) | 2022-08-20 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum |
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Biological Properties |
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Cellular Locations | - Cytoplasm
- Extracellular
- Membrane
- Peroxisome
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Biospecimen Locations | |
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Tissue Locations | - Fibroblasts
- Liver
- Neuron
- Prostate
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Pathways | |
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Normal Concentrations |
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Blood | Detected and Quantified | 4.8 (0.0-9.6) uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 2.7 (2.0-4.0) uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | Blood | Detected and Quantified | <12.800 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Male | Normal | | details | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 0-12.799 uM | Children (1-13 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 1.600-11.199 uM | Not Specified | Not Specified | Normal | | details | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 3.93 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Female | Normal | | details | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 5.77 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Female | Normal | | details | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 0.86 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Female | Normal | | details | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 6.719 uM | Not Specified | Not Specified | Normal | | details | Blood | Detected and Quantified | <10 uM | Children (1-13 years old) | Not Specified | Normal | | details | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details |
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Abnormal Concentrations |
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Blood | Detected and Quantified | 40.3 (27.5-53.0) uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Infantile Refsum disease | | details | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 72.0 (64.0-80.0) uM | Children (1-13 years old) | Both | Adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) | | details | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 410.0 (46.0-1127.0) uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Refsum's Disease | | details | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 20 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Male | Alpha-Methylacyl-CoA racemase deficiency | | details | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 5.46 uM | Newborn (0-30 days old) | Not Specified | Zellweger syndrome | | details | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 9.75 uM | Infant (0-1 year old) | Male | Peroxisomal biogenesis disorder | | details | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 197 uM | Newborn (0-30 days old) | Female | Rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata | | details | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 1439.86 uM | Infant (0-1 year old) | Not Specified | Refsum disease, classic, adult-onset | | details | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 6335.384 uM | Infant (0-1 year old) | Not Specified | Refsum disease, classic, early-onset | | details | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 0-2335.773 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Not Specified | Classicle Refsum's disease | | details | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 0-50.300 uM | Newborn (0-30 days old) | Not Specified | Neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy | | details | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 26.557-30.717 uM | Children (1-13 years old) | Male | Peroxisomal disorders, new type, liver | | details | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 3.200-1391.865 uM | Children (1-13 years old) | Both | Zellweger syndrome | | details | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 3.200-15.998 uM | Children (1-13 years old) | Not Specified | Adrenoleukodystrophy, X-linked | | details | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 34.800-274 uM | Children (1-13 years old) | Female | Peroxisomal biogenesis disorder | | details | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 399.961-479.953 uM | Children (1-13 years old) | Not Specified | Refsum disease, infantile | | details | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 6.400-34.800 uM | Newborn (0-30 days old) | Female | Peroxisomal biogenesis disorder | | details | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 9.599-28.797 uM | Newborn (0-30 days old) | Both | Neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy | | details | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 9.599-67.193 uM | Children (1-13 years old) | Not Specified | Refsum disease, juvenile | | details | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 9.599-86.392 uM | Infant (0-1 year old) | Both | Zellweger syndrome | | details | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 8.639 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Male | 27-hydroxylase deficiency | | details | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 0-6.4 uM | Children (1-13 years old) | Both | Pseudoneonatal adrenoleukodystrophy | | details | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Colorectal cancer | | details | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Colorectal Cancer | | details | Urine | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Not Specified | Not Specified | Cancer patients undergoing total body irradiation | | details |
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Associated Disorders and Diseases |
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Disease References | Refsum's disease |
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- Wierzbicki AS, Mayne PD, Lloyd MD, Burston D, Mei G, Sidey MC, Feher MD, Gibberd FB: Metabolism of phytanic acid and 3-methyl-adipic acid excretion in patients with adult Refsum disease. J Lipid Res. 2003 Aug;44(8):1481-8. Epub 2003 Apr 16. [PubMed:12700346 ]
- Poulos A, Sharp P, Fellenberg AJ, Danks DM: Cerebro-hepato-renal (Zellweger) syndrome, adrenoleukodystrophy, and Refsum's disease: plasma changes and skin fibroblast phytanic acid oxidase. Hum Genet. 1985;70(2):172-7. [PubMed:2408988 ]
- Skjeldal OH, Stokke O, Refsum S, Norseth J, Petit H: Clinical and biochemical heterogeneity in conditions with phytanic acid accumulation. J Neurol Sci. 1987 Jan;77(1):87-96. [PubMed:2433405 ]
| Infantile Refsum's disease |
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- Poll-The BT, Saudubray JM, Ogier H, Schutgens RB, Wanders RJ, Schrakamp G, van den Bosch H, Trijbels JM, Poulos A, Moser HW, et al.: Infantile Refsum's disease: biochemical findings suggesting multiple peroxisomal dysfunction. J Inherit Metab Dis. 1986;9(2):169-74. [PubMed:2427795 ]
- Poulos A, Sharp P, Fellenberg AJ, Danks DM: Cerebro-hepato-renal (Zellweger) syndrome, adrenoleukodystrophy, and Refsum's disease: plasma changes and skin fibroblast phytanic acid oxidase. Hum Genet. 1985;70(2):172-7. [PubMed:2408988 ]
| Adrenoleukodystrophy |
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- Poulos A, Sharp P, Fellenberg AJ, Danks DM: Cerebro-hepato-renal (Zellweger) syndrome, adrenoleukodystrophy, and Refsum's disease: plasma changes and skin fibroblast phytanic acid oxidase. Hum Genet. 1985;70(2):172-7. [PubMed:2408988 ]
- G.Frauendienst-Egger, Friedrich K. Trefz (2017). MetaGene: Metabolic & Genetic Information Center (MIC: http://www.metagene.de). METAGENE consortium.
| Peroxisomal biogenesis defect |
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- Baumgartner MR, Poll-The BT, Verhoeven NM, Jakobs C, Espeel M, Roels F, Rabier D, Levade T, Rolland MO, Martinez M, Wanders RJ, Saudubray JM: Clinical approach to inherited peroxisomal disorders: a series of 27 patients. Ann Neurol. 1998 Nov;44(5):720-30. [PubMed:9818927 ]
- Mandel H, Espeel M, Roels F, Sofer N, Luder A, Iancu TC, Aizin A, Berant M, Wanders RJ, Schutgens RB: A new type of peroxisomal disorder with variable expression in liver and fibroblasts. J Pediatr. 1994 Oct;125(4):549-55. [PubMed:7931872 ]
- Budden SS, Kennaway NG, Buist NR, Poulos A, Weleber RG: Dysmorphic syndrome with phytanic acid oxidase deficiency, abnormal very long chain fatty acids, and pipecolic acidemia: studies in four children. J Pediatr. 1986 Jan;108(1):33-9. [PubMed:2418187 ]
| Rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata |
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- Baumgartner MR, Poll-The BT, Verhoeven NM, Jakobs C, Espeel M, Roels F, Rabier D, Levade T, Rolland MO, Martinez M, Wanders RJ, Saudubray JM: Clinical approach to inherited peroxisomal disorders: a series of 27 patients. Ann Neurol. 1998 Nov;44(5):720-30. [PubMed:9818927 ]
| Peroxisomal disorders, new type, liver |
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- Mandel H, Espeel M, Roels F, Sofer N, Luder A, Iancu TC, Aizin A, Berant M, Wanders RJ, Schutgens RB: A new type of peroxisomal disorder with variable expression in liver and fibroblasts. J Pediatr. 1994 Oct;125(4):549-55. [PubMed:7931872 ]
- G.Frauendienst-Egger, Friedrich K. Trefz (2017). MetaGene: Metabolic & Genetic Information Center (MIC: http://www.metagene.de). METAGENE consortium.
| Alpha-Methylacyl-CoA racemase deficiency |
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- McLean BN, Allen J, Ferdinandusse S, Wanders RJ: A new defect of peroxisomal function involving pristanic acid: a case report. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2002 Mar;72(3):396-9. [PubMed:11861706 ]
| Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis |
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- Siman-Tov T, Meiner V, Gadoth N: Could steroids mask the diagnosis of cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis? J Neurol Sci. 2006 Apr 15;243(1-2):83-6. Epub 2006 Jan 30. [PubMed:16445943 ]
| Pseudoneonatal adrenoleukodystrophy |
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- Poll-The BT, Roels F, Ogier H, Scotto J, Vamecq J, Schutgens RB, Wanders RJ, van Roermund CW, van Wijland MJ, Schram AW, et al.: A new peroxisomal disorder with enlarged peroxisomes and a specific deficiency of acyl-CoA oxidase (pseudo-neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy). Am J Hum Genet. 1988 Mar;42(3):422-34. [PubMed:2894756 ]
| Colorectal cancer |
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- Brown DG, Rao S, Weir TL, O'Malia J, Bazan M, Brown RJ, Ryan EP: Metabolomics and metabolic pathway networks from human colorectal cancers, adjacent mucosa, and stool. Cancer Metab. 2016 Jun 6;4:11. doi: 10.1186/s40170-016-0151-y. eCollection 2016. [PubMed:27275383 ]
- Goedert JJ, Sampson JN, Moore SC, Xiao Q, Xiong X, Hayes RB, Ahn J, Shi J, Sinha R: Fecal metabolomics: assay performance and association with colorectal cancer. Carcinogenesis. 2014 Sep;35(9):2089-96. doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgu131. Epub 2014 Jul 18. [PubMed:25037050 ]
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Associated OMIM IDs | - 266500 (Refsum's disease)
- 266510 (Infantile Refsum's disease)
- 300100 (Adrenoleukodystrophy)
- 214100 (Peroxisomal biogenesis defect)
- 215100 (Rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata)
- 614307 (Alpha-Methylacyl-CoA racemase deficiency)
- 213700 (Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis)
- 264470 (Pseudoneonatal adrenoleukodystrophy)
- 114500 (Colorectal cancer)
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External Links |
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DrugBank ID | Not Available |
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Phenol Explorer Compound ID | Not Available |
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FooDB ID | FDB022252 |
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KNApSAcK ID | Not Available |
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Chemspider ID | 25001 |
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KEGG Compound ID | C01607 |
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BioCyc ID | Not Available |
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BiGG ID | 37991 |
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Wikipedia Link | Phytanic acid |
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METLIN ID | 5765 |
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PubChem Compound | 26840 |
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PDB ID | Not Available |
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ChEBI ID | 16285 |
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Food Biomarker Ontology | Not Available |
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VMH ID | CE2414 |
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MarkerDB ID | MDB00000257 |
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Good Scents ID | rw1438851 |
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References |
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Synthesis Reference | Karrer, P.; Epprecht, A.; Konig, Hans. General method of preparation for 2-methyl-3-alkylnaphthoquinones. Constitution and vitamin K activity. Helvetica Chimica Acta (1940), 23 272-83. |
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Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) | Download (PDF) |
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General References | - Zomer AW, van Der Burg B, Jansen GA, Wanders RJ, Poll-The BT, van Der Saag PT: Pristanic acid and phytanic acid: naturally occurring ligands for the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha. J Lipid Res. 2000 Nov;41(11):1801-7. [PubMed:11060349 ]
- Komen JC, Duran M, Wanders RJ: Characterization of phytanic acid omega-hydroxylation in human liver microsomes. Mol Genet Metab. 2005 Jul;85(3):190-5. Epub 2005 Mar 17. [PubMed:15979030 ]
- Schonfeld P, Struy H: Refsum disease diagnostic marker phytanic acid alters the physical state of membrane proteins of liver mitochondria. FEBS Lett. 1999 Aug 27;457(2):179-83. [PubMed:10471774 ]
- Xu J, Thornburg T, Turner AR, Vitolins M, Case D, Shadle J, Hinson L, Sun J, Liu W, Chang B, Adams TS, Zheng SL, Torti FM: Serum levels of phytanic acid are associated with prostate cancer risk. Prostate. 2005 May 15;63(3):209-14. [PubMed:15712232 ]
- Molzer B, Kainz-Korschinsky M, Sundt-Heller R, Bernheimer H: Phytanic acid and very long chain fatty acids in genetic peroxisomal disorders. J Clin Chem Clin Biochem. 1989 May;27(5):309-14. [PubMed:2474624 ]
- Cakirer S, Savas MR: Infantile Refsum disease: serial evaluation with MRI. Pediatr Radiol. 2005 Feb;35(2):212-5. Epub 2004 Oct 6. [PubMed:15480616 ]
- Bernscherer G, Berenyi E, Karabelyos C, Laszlo A, David Z, Hollody K, Toth EZ: [Refsum disease]. Orv Hetil. 2000 Jan 2;141(1):31-4. [PubMed:10673856 ]
- Heim M, Johnson J, Boess F, Bendik I, Weber P, Hunziker W, Fluhmann B: Phytanic acid, a natural peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) agonist, regulates glucose metabolism in rat primary hepatocytes. FASEB J. 2002 May;16(7):718-20. Epub 2002 Mar 26. [PubMed:11923221 ]
- Pahan K, Singh I: Intraorganellar localization of CoASH-independent phytanic acid oxidation in human liver peroxisomes. FEBS Lett. 1993 Oct 25;333(1-2):154-8. [PubMed:8224157 ]
- Poggi-Travert F, Fournier B, Poll-The BT, Saudubray JM: Clinical approach to inherited peroxisomal disorders. J Inherit Metab Dis. 1995;18 Suppl 1:1-18. [PubMed:9053544 ]
- Yao JK, Dyck PJ: Tissue distribution of phytanic acid and its analogues in a kinship with Refsum's disease. Lipids. 1987 Feb;22(2):69-75. [PubMed:2436023 ]
- Young SP, Johnson AW, Muller DP: Effects of phytanic acid on the vitamin E status, lipid composition and physical properties of retinal cell membranes: implications for adult Refsum disease. Clin Sci (Lond). 2001 Dec;101(6):697-705. [PubMed:11724659 ]
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